696:
673:
782:
763:
804:
740:
708:
728:
238:
33:
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592:. In the 19th century it became fashionable for private houses to be built with small turrets. Such buildings were dubbed "in Scottish baronial style". In fact the architecture often had little in common with tower houses, which retained their defensive functions and were deficient with respect to 19th-century ideas of comfort. The revival often adapted the style to the needs and technical abilities of a later time.
338:
or pepperpot turrets. The corbels supporting the turret typically are roll-moulded. Their roofs were conical. Gables are often crow-stepped. Round towers supporting square garret chambers corbelled out over the cylinder of their main bodies are particular the
Scottish baronial style. They can be seen
672:
310:
in the 16th century and was abandoned by about 1660. The style kept many of the features of the high-rising medieval Gothic castles and introduced
Renaissance features. The high and relatively thin-walled medieval fortifications had been made obsolete by gunpowder weapons but were associated with
326:
The style was quite limited in scope: a style for lesser
Scottish landlords. The walls usually are rubble work and only quoins, window dressings and copings are in ashlar. Sculpted ornaments are sparsely used. In most cases the windows lack pediments. The style often uses
311:
chivalry and landed nobility. High roofs, towers and turrets were kept for status reasons. Renaissance elements were introduced. This concerned mainly the windows that became bigger, had straight lintels or round bows and typically lacked mullions. The style drew on
727:
818:
The popularity of the baronial style peaked towards the end of the nineteenth century, and the building of large houses declined in importance in the twentieth century. The baronial style continued to influence the construction of some estate houses, including
1018:
From the year 1500 to 1660 or therabouts, Scotland adopted the sterner features of French and
Flemish residences, and so cleverly mingled their peculiarities with the castellated architecture of their own growth as to produce a baronial style peculiar to the
268:, published in 1852. Before, the style does not seem to have had a name. The buildings produced by the Scottish baronial revival by far outnumber those of the original Scottish "baronial" castles of the Early Modern Period.
983:
Within the decade 1560–70, an unmistakable national style emerged—the style which the nineteenth century christened, affectionately, 'Scotch
Baronial'. It continued to develop, and held its ground for about a hundred
695:
264:
The
Scottish baronial style is also called Scotch baronial, Scots baronial or just baronial style. The name was invented in the 19th century and may come from Robert William Billings's book
733:
Balmoral Castle shows the final
Victorian embodiment of the style. A principal keep reminiscent of Craigievar is the middle of the castle, while a large turreted country house is attached.
707:
205:
castles built from the latter 16th century as Scots baronial style, which as a revived idiom architects continued to employ up until 1930s. Scottish baronial was core influence on
658:, a prominent Canadian financier and industrialist. The mansion has battlements and towers, along with modern plumbing and other conveniences. Another Canadian example is the
448:, incorporates turrets. These were largely conventional Palladian style houses that incorporated some external features of the Scots baronial style. William Adam's son's,
781:
1676:
2892:
2887:
213:
architecture. The style was considered a
British national idiom emblematic of Scotland, and was widely used for public buildings, country houses, residences and
1876:
1367:
498:. Rebuilt for him from 1816, it became a model for the Scottish baronial Revival style. Common features borrowed from 16th- and 17th-century houses included
762:
2166:
1836:
2907:
2048:
739:
286:
Claypotts Castle consists of a rectangular central block with two round towers crowned by square garret chambers. The corners of these chambers or
1347:
1324:
1174:
842:. Among most patrons and architects the style became disfavoured along with the Gothic revival style during the early years of the 20th century.
487:
on the larger houses would occasionally be suspended above a front door, flanked by heraldic beasts and other medieval architectural motifs.
319:, retaining many of their external features. French Renaissance also kept the steep roofs of medieval castles as can be seen for example at
323:(1518), and the original Scottish baronial style might have been influenced by French masons brought to Scotland to work on royal palaces.
1357:
879:
76:
1123:
Abbotsford (...), with its angle-turrets and crowsteps, foreshadows the early
Victorian revival of the Scottish Baronial style ...
1352:
569:
as a baronial palace and its adoption as a royal retreat from 1855 to 1858 by Queen
Victoria confirmed the popularity of the style.
471:
Large windows of plate glass are not uncommon. Bay windows often have their individual roofs adorned by pinnacles and crenulations.
210:
2867:
622:
This form of architecture was popular in the dominions of the British Empire. In New Zealand it was advocated by the architect
394:
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1362:
1207:
1070:
919:
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1943:
1890:
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The baronial style as well as the Scottish Renaissance style finally gave way to the grander English forms associated with
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2126:
1317:
867:
2146:
1927:
1524:
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1468:
1254:
1228:
1146:
1094:
872:
832:
2209:
2176:
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1163:. University of Glasgow, Mackintosh School of Architecture: University of Glasgow. pp. 17, 21, 30, 38, 56–57.
1658:
1502:
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1116:
80:
2326:
1906:
1592:
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17:
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in Britain. The Gothic Revival in architecture has been seen as an expression of romanticism and according to
320:
277:
119:, and likewise revived the Late Gothic appearance of the fortified domestic architecture of the elites in the
2121:
2032:
1866:
1587:
440:
reading of the gothic". Some of the earliest evidence of a revival in Gothic architecture is from Scotland.
2726:
2346:
2151:
2058:
2053:
1616:
1567:
175:
603:, a 110-room mansion of about 29,000 sq ft (2,700 m), built in a pink sandstone similar to
374:
as at Claypotts Castle (1569–1588), or on an L-plan as at Colliston. Roof lines are uneven and irregular.
2406:
2341:
2311:
2291:
2156:
1846:
1597:
651:
429:
68:
803:
685:
and similar to the ornate conical turrets, foundations and windows of contemporary restorations such as
393:(1628–1633) are examples of a contemporaneous Scottish Renaissance architecture. Wallace worked for the
2321:
2301:
1886:
1646:
1626:
1611:
1602:
1577:
550:
542:
179:
155:
2286:
2141:
1621:
1537:
1433:
663:
623:
433:
425:
206:
72:
2721:
2368:
2171:
1562:
1473:
1333:
768:
749:
445:
87:, buildings in the Scots baronial style are characterised by elaborate rooflines embellished with
2498:
2386:
1964:
1739:
1693:
1641:
1572:
1032:
573:
522:
382:
295:
257:
194:
151:
92:
1006:
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in the Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. The style can also be seen outside the empire at
2161:
2063:
1831:
1517:
546:
453:
182:
was built wholly in baronial style. Baronial style buildings were typically of stone, whether
2711:
2426:
2000:
1438:
585:
507:
428:
of various historic styles. This current took off in the middle of the 18th century with the
331:
124:
158:
during the 19th century, and some of the most emblematic country residences of 19th-century
2666:
2202:
2131:
2111:
1871:
1754:
791:
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378:
558:
8:
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1800:
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859:
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635:
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303:
64:
2826:
2806:
2801:
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2580:
1688:
612:
503:
307:
299:
202:
112:
576:(about 1860). However, it was by no means confined to Scotland and is a fusion of the
529:(1848–1852). It was applied to many relatively modest dwellings by architects such as
370:
Such castles or tower houses are typically built on asymmetric plans. Often this is a
2836:
2706:
2701:
2421:
2416:
2306:
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1974:
1826:
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1287:: The Scottish baronial: an introduction and illustrations of five notable examples.
1063:
The Two Unions: Ireland, Scotland, and the Survival of the United Kingdom, 1707–2007
2786:
2716:
2513:
2441:
2411:
2391:
2363:
1841:
1744:
1719:
1582:
1408:
1182:
812:
562:
554:
495:
491:
441:
364:
348:
340:
222:
201:, architectural historians identified the stylistic features characteristic of the
120:
84:
2746:
1532:
608:
607:. Castle Oliver had all the classic features of the style, including battlements,
2831:
2766:
2681:
2531:
2508:
2493:
2245:
2235:
2195:
1969:
1922:
1734:
1724:
1492:
1413:
1175:"In Bed with an Elephant: Almost Three Hundred Years of the Anglo-Scottish Union"
971:(9th ed.). New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 502–511.
909:
824:
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686:
678:
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167:
1764:
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2016:
1729:
1714:
1709:
1653:
1299:, photographs and history of a recently restored Scottish baronial masterpiece.
627:
604:
581:
577:
465:
406:
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163:
100:
2095:
1995:
1785:
835:(1936) and Gribloch (1937–1939), which combined modern and baronial elements.
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2488:
2431:
1990:
1861:
1805:
753:
655:
631:
600:
511:
480:
371:
139:
37:
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Important for the adoption of the style in the early nineteenth century was
290:
are strongly corbelled out over the round form and have crow-stepped gables.
2846:
2776:
2756:
2691:
2661:
2641:
2636:
2570:
2465:
2281:
1749:
1393:
1302:
1293:, a detailed study of "David Bryce's lost masterpiece", demolished in 1971.
1200:
A History of Scottish Architecture: From the Renaissance to the Present Day
1186:
1049:
Building Knowledge, An Architectural History of the University of Edinburgh
828:
820:
643:
565:(1848) have square-corbelled-on-round towers or turrets. The rebuilding of
538:
530:
344:
241:
237:
171:
143:
128:
88:
1192:
595:
In Ireland, a young English architect of the York School of Architecture,
572:
This architectural style was often employed for public buildings, such as
2811:
2751:
2656:
2621:
2600:
2590:
2565:
2553:
2541:
2358:
2336:
1780:
1557:
1463:
1423:
589:
534:
499:
457:
449:
413:
398:
352:
312:
253:
249:
226:
147:
108:
104:
96:
32:
2575:
2503:
2353:
2296:
2136:
1856:
1821:
1790:
1448:
1398:
1245:
D. Mays, "Housing: 4 Country seat, c. 1600–Present", in M. Lynch, ed.,
937:
Scotch Baronial – The Architecture of Scotland and Unionist Nationalism
827:
by Ross and Macbeth. Isolated examples included the houses designed by
787:
718:
616:
484:
316:
221:
was the last significant monument of the baronial style, built 1920 in
135:
518:
near Auchencairn, Scotland is a superb example dating from the 1880s.
2816:
2791:
2686:
2646:
2626:
2605:
2585:
2536:
2396:
2331:
2316:
1959:
772:
714:
647:
464:
in Berwickshire and Seton House in East Lothian, but most clearly at
437:
402:
287:
898:
Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Masterpieces of Art by Gordon Kerr. p. 8.
2821:
1606:
1552:
1458:
335:
282:
159:
41:
838:
The 20th-century Scottish baronial castles have the reputation of
2796:
2651:
1428:
1223:(New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 4th edn., 1989),
1034:
The Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, Volume 1
1002:
The Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland, Volume 1
476:
405:, an Anglo-Scottish client who employed the English master mason
187:
116:
44:(1869) is a typical Scottish Baronial building with crow-stepped
701:
Scots-Baronial-style turrets on Victorian tenements in Edinburgh
103:, often with an asymmetric plan. Popular during the fashion for
2781:
2671:
1296:
1290:
911:
Scotch Baronial: Architecture and National Identity in Scotland
328:
183:
49:
853:
2676:
2250:
1403:
839:
549:(1864–1929) and in urban contexts, including the building of
472:
245:
214:
45:
381:
architecture, which was preferred by the wealthier clients.
377:
The Scottish baronial style coexisted even in Scotland with
630:
in Dunedin. Other examples in New Zealand include works by
424:
European architecture of the 19th century was dominated by
1268:"New hotel is Scotland's first castle of the 21st century"
2187:
626:, who designed frequently in this style, most notably at
823:, which was rebuilt from 1899 to 1903 for industrialist
456:
continued their father's approach, with houses such as
294:
Scottish baronial style drew upon the buildings of the
1005:(1901 ed.). Edinburg: Oliver & Boyd. p.
553:
in Edinburgh (from the 1850s) as well as the National
934:
907:
483:, are often given the castle treatment. An imitation
849:
111:, Scots baronial architecture was equivalent to the
527:
Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland
266:
Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland
199:
Baronial and Ecclesiastical Antiquities of Scotland
1241:
1239:
1237:
444:, built starting from 1746 with design input from
521:Important for the dissemination of the style was
2859:
1221:Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
1161:Orchardton House, Auchencairn, by Castle Douglas
935:MacKechnie, Aoughus; Glendinning, Miles (2019).
908:Glendinning, Miles; MacKechnie, Aonghus (2019).
77:architecture of Scotland in the Late Middle Ages
2893:17th-century architecture in the United Kingdom
2888:16th-century architecture in the United Kingdom
1234:
1202:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002),
1198:M. Glendinning, R. MacInnes and A. MacKechnie,
1133:
1131:
1111:(2nd ed.). London: Batsford. p. 124.
642:, a Scottish coal baron, in 1890. In Toronto,
619:, spiral stone staircases, and conical roofs.
416:in the later part of the seventeenth century.
2203:
1518:
1318:
1167:
1037:(1901 ed.). Edinburg: Oliver & Boyd.
1332:
1128:
914:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 4.
468:, Ayrshire, remodelled by Robert from 1777.
962:
960:
958:
956:
880:Prospect 100 best modern Scottish buildings
278:Renaissance in Scotland § Architecture
2210:
2196:
1525:
1511:
1325:
1311:
1087:The Changing Scottish Landscape, 1500–1800
994:
992:
1249:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011),
966:
494:, the residence of the novelist and poet
298:. The style of elite residences built by
1158:
1065:. Oxford University Press. p. 152.
1051:(Edinburgh, 2017), pp. 236–239, 237–238.
1030:
998:
953:
802:
713:Scots baronial turret above entrance to
281:
236:
31:
2908:Visual and material culture of Scotland
1060:
989:
14:
2860:
1106:
1089:(London: Taylor & Francis, 1991),
580:castle architecture first employed by
75:the forms and ornaments of historical
2191:
1506:
1306:
969:Architecture in Britain, 1530 to 1830
1247:Oxford Companion to Scottish History
419:
162:were built in this style, including
1540:in architecture and decorative arts
1047:Nick Haynes & Clive B. Fenton,
868:List of Gothic Revival architecture
588:and the ancient Scottish defensive
409:at her London house in Aldersgate.
232:
217:throughout the British Empire. The
138:of the Scots baronial style in the
24:
638:, British Columbia, was built for
436:, the Scots baronial style was "a
25:
2919:
1278:
1031:Billings, Robert William (1845).
999:Billings, Robert William (1852).
873:List of Gothic Revival architects
717:, an 1867 Ballantyne property in
302:developed under the influence of
1486:
852:
780:
761:
738:
726:
706:
694:
671:
666:near the city of Yalta, Crimea.
525:'s (1813–1874) four-volume work
27:19th-century architectural style
1260:
1213:
1159:Paterson, George B. L. (1983).
1152:
1100:
271:
2868:Scottish baronial architecture
1079:
1054:
1041:
1024:
928:
901:
892:
809:Scottish National War Memorial
385:'s work at the North Range of
219:Scottish National War Memorial
13:
1:
1270:. Sourcewire. 10 August 2007.
1085:I. D. Whyte and K. A. Whyte,
2883:Revival architectural styles
2727:List of gothic fiction works
1109:The Architecture of Scotland
334:sometimes called tourelles,
306:and the architecture of the
7:
2878:Gothic Revival architecture
2407:Gothic revival architecture
1141:(London: Greenwood, 2006),
845:
10:
2924:
2217:
1139:Britain's Medieval Castles
798:
275:
180:Cockburn Street, Edinburgh
178:, while in urban settings
156:Scottish national identity
2614:
2522:
2474:
2379:
2259:
2223:
2104:
2088:
2072:
2041:
2025:
2009:
1983:
1952:
1936:
1915:
1899:
1814:
1773:
1702:
1545:
1482:
1381:
1340:
557:at Stirling (1859–1869).
506:, spiral stairs, pointed
207:Charles Rennie Mackintosh
2903:17th century in Scotland
2898:16th century in Scotland
2873:Architecture in Scotland
2722:List of gothic festivals
2412:Carpenter / Rural Gothic
2172:Richardsonian Romanesque
1774:Germany, Austria-Hungary
1684:Spanish Colonial Revival
1334:Architecture in Scotland
1107:Dunbar, John G. (1978).
885:
769:Allahabad Public Library
2499:Southern Ontario Gothic
2080:Serbo-Byzantine Revival
2042:Russian Empire and USSR
1965:National Romantic style
1891:Black-and-white Revival
1061:Jackson, Alvin (2011).
681:is largely the work of
574:Aberdeen Grammar School
195:Robert William Billings
152:Romanticism in Scotland
2162:Polish cathedral style
2127:Dutch Colonial Revival
1847:Indo-Saracenic Revival
1187:10.3366/scot.2006.0049
967:Summerson, J. (1993).
939:. London: Bloomsbury.
815:
547:Robert Stodart Lorimer
291:
261:
53:
2712:Horror-of-personality
2427:High Victorian Gothic
2147:Mediterranean Revival
2001:Soft Portuguese style
1944:Traditionalist School
1368:Industrial Revolution
840:architectural follies
806:
285:
240:
35:
2667:German Expressionism
2112:American Renaissance
2054:Neoclassical Revival
1755:Louis Philippe style
792:Broughton, Edinburgh
615:, numerous turrets,
379:Northern Renaissance
296:Scottish Renaissance
2737:Lovecraftian horror
2559:Gothic romance film
2447:By specific country
2241:Gothic Christianity
2177:Territorial Revival
1760:Second Empire style
1632:Renaissance Revival
1493:Scotland portal
1389:Atlantic roundhouse
1257:, pp. 326–328.
1210:, pp. 276–285.
1181:, 57, Autumn 2006,
860:Architecture portal
721:, Scottish Borders.
660:Banff Springs Hotel
636:Craigdarroch Castle
613:crow-stepped gables
597:George Fowler Jones
545:(c. 1847–1914) and
504:crow-stepped gables
389:(1618–1622) and at
304:French architecture
81:Early Modern Period
65:architectural style
2827:Universal monsters
2807:Romanesque revival
2802:Paranormal romance
2762:Monster literature
2581:Gothic belly dance
2523:Modern subculture,
1877:Romanesque Revival
1867:Queen Anne Revival
1689:Swiss chalet style
1659:Romanesque Revival
816:
308:County of Flanders
300:barons in Scotland
292:
262:
113:Jacobethan Revival
54:
2855:
2854:
2837:Victorian fashion
2707:Horror-of-demonic
2702:Horror and Terror
2532:Gothic subculture
2475:Modern literature
2437:Scottish baronial
2422:Dissenting Gothic
2417:Collegiate Gothic
2369:Boxwood miniature
2185:
2184:
2117:Collegiate Gothic
1975:Nordic Classicism
1907:Mycenaean Revival
1882:Scottish Baronial
1832:Edwardian Baroque
1827:Bristol Byzantine
1796:Nazi architecture
1593:French Provincial
1500:
1499:
1297:Castle-oliver.com
1219:H.-R. Hitchcock,
1208:978-0-7486-0849-2
1072:978-0-19-959399-6
921:978-1-4742-8348-9
683:Sir Charles Barry
516:Orchardton Castle
420:Scottish baronial
391:Heriot's Hospital
387:Linlithgow Palace
154:coincided with a
83:. Reminiscent of
57:Scottish baronial
16:(Redirected from
2915:
2787:Occult detective
2717:Industrial music
2514:Tasmanian Gothic
2392:Dark Romanticism
2212:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2188:
2167:Queen Anne style
2122:Colonial Revival
2033:Romanian Revival
1953:Nordic countries
1842:Georgian Revival
1837:Egyptian Revival
1745:Directoire style
1720:Louis XIII style
1588:Egyptian Revival
1583:Carpenter Gothic
1527:
1520:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1291:Craigends.org.uk
1272:
1271:
1264:
1258:
1243:
1232:
1217:
1211:
1196:
1190:
1179:Scottish Affairs
1171:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1150:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1104:
1098:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1013:
996:
987:
986:
964:
951:
950:
932:
926:
925:
905:
899:
896:
862:
857:
856:
813:Edinburgh Castle
784:
765:
742:
730:
710:
698:
675:
664:Vorontsov Palace
555:Wallace Monument
496:Sir Walter Scott
492:Abbotsford House
442:Inveraray Castle
395:Countess of Home
256:, by architects
233:Revival and name
223:Edinburgh Castle
121:Late Middle Ages
115:of 19th-century
85:Scottish castles
67:of 19th-century
21:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2832:Vampire fiction
2767:Mystery fiction
2682:Gothic Satanism
2610:
2524:
2518:
2509:Suburban Gothic
2494:Southern Gothic
2476:
2470:
2387:American Gothic
2375:
2255:
2246:Gothic language
2236:Gothic alphabet
2219:
2216:
2186:
2181:
2152:Mission Revival
2100:
2084:
2068:
2059:Russian Revival
2037:
2021:
2005:
1979:
1970:Gustavian style
1948:
1932:
1923:Stile Umbertino
1911:
1895:
1810:
1769:
1735:Louis XVI style
1725:Louis XIV style
1698:
1617:Moorish Revival
1568:Baroque Revival
1563:Arts and Crafts
1541:
1531:
1501:
1496:
1487:
1485:
1478:
1414:Chambered cairn
1377:
1336:
1331:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1244:
1235:
1218:
1214:
1197:
1193:
1172:
1168:
1157:
1153:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1105:
1101:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1042:
1029:
1025:
1011:
1009:
997:
990:
979:
965:
954:
947:
933:
929:
922:
906:
902:
897:
893:
888:
858:
851:
848:
833:Broughton Place
825:Andrew Carnegie
801:
794:
785:
776:
766:
757:
746:Balmoral Castle
743:
734:
731:
722:
711:
702:
699:
690:
687:Josselin Castle
679:Dunrobin Castle
676:
640:Robert Dunsmuir
586:Strawberry Hill
567:Balmoral Castle
551:Cockburn Street
523:Robert Billings
422:
401:on Edinburgh's
383:William Wallace
280:
274:
258:Lanyon and Lynn
235:
168:Balmoral Castle
52:corner turrets.
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2921:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:Lolita fashion
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2697:Horror fiction
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:Gothic Western
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2549:Gothic fashion
2546:
2545:
2544:
2539:
2528:
2526:
2525:music and film
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2484:New Gothic Art
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2404:
2402:Gothic fiction
2399:
2394:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:Crimean Gothic
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Pueblo Revival
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2017:Zakopane Style
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1730:Louis XV style
1727:
1722:
1717:
1715:Henry IV style
1712:
1710:Henry II style
1706:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1677:North American
1674:
1669:
1663:Second Empire
1661:
1656:
1654:Rococo Revival
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1600:
1598:Gothic Revival
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1507:
1498:
1497:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:Scots Baronial
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1330:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1280:
1279:External links
1277:
1274:
1273:
1259:
1233:
1212:
1191:
1173:T. M. Devine,
1166:
1151:
1127:
1117:
1099:
1078:
1071:
1053:
1040:
1023:
988:
977:
952:
946:978-1474283472
945:
927:
920:
900:
890:
889:
887:
884:
883:
882:
877:
876:
875:
864:
863:
847:
844:
800:
797:
796:
795:
786:
779:
777:
767:
760:
758:
744:
737:
735:
732:
725:
723:
712:
705:
703:
700:
693:
691:
677:
670:
654:style for Sir
652:Gothic Revival
628:Larnach Castle
605:Belfast Castle
582:Horace Walpole
578:Gothic revival
543:Edward Calvert
512:machicolations
481:porte-cocheres
466:Culzean Castle
430:Gothic Revival
421:
418:
407:Nicholas Stone
321:Azay-le-Rideau
273:
270:
234:
231:
164:Queen Victoria
101:machicolations
69:Gothic Revival
61:Scots baronial
26:
18:Scots baronial
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2920:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2842:Weird fiction
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Neo-Victorian
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2747:Mal du siècle
2745:
2743:
2742:Magic realism
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Danse Macabre
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2489:Raygun Gothic
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:Neo-Manueline
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
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2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
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2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:Late medieval
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2201:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2132:Federal style
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:United States
2103:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Neo-Byzantine
2047:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Neo-Manueline
1989:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1887:Tudor Revival
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:Neo-Palladian
1860:
1858:
1855:
1851:British India
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:Great Britain
1813:
1807:
1806:Rundbogenstil
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Neoclassicism
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
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1701:
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1685:
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1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:Palazzo style
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1627:New Classical
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:Mayan Revival
1610:
1608:
1604:
1603:Greek Revival
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1578:Neo-Byzantine
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:International
1544:
1539:
1535:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1495:
1494:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:Town defences
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
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1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
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1412:
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1397:
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1305:
1298:
1295:
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1282:
1269:
1263:
1256:
1255:0-19-969305-6
1252:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1230:
1229:0-300-05320-7
1226:
1222:
1216:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1147:0-275-98414-1
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1095:0-415-02992-9
1092:
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1082:
1074:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1044:
1036:
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985:
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974:
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895:
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865:
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841:
836:
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826:
822:
814:
810:
805:
793:
789:
783:
778:
774:
770:
764:
759:
755:
754:Aberdeenshire
751:
750:Royal Deeside
747:
741:
736:
729:
724:
720:
716:
709:
704:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
669:
668:
667:
665:
661:
657:
656:Henry Pellatt
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:. In Canada,
633:
632:Francis Petre
629:
625:
624:Robert Lawson
620:
618:
614:
610:
609:porte-cochère
606:
602:
601:Castle Oliver
598:
593:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
563:Helen's Tower
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
541:(1787–1879),
540:
536:
533:(1789–1870),
532:
528:
524:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
434:Alvin Jackson
431:
427:
417:
415:
410:
408:
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400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
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373:
368:
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337:
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330:
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309:
305:
301:
297:
289:
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279:
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230:
228:
224:
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212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
140:Victorian era
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:conical roofs
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:sheriff court
34:
30:
19:
2847:Weird menace
2777:New Romantic
2757:Memento Mori
2692:Grotesquerie
2662:Frankenstein
2642:Dark fantasy
2637:Dark culture
2571:Gothic metal
2504:Space Gothic
2466:Urban Gothic
2436:
2267:Architecture
2142:Jeffersonian
1960:Dragon style
1881:
1801:Resort style
1765:Belle Époque
1750:Empire style
1637:Châteauesque
1622:Neoclassical
1484:
1453:
1434:Estate house
1394:Bastle house
1363:Early modern
1285:Freewebs.com
1262:
1246:
1220:
1215:
1199:
1194:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1154:
1138:
1122:
1108:
1102:
1086:
1081:
1062:
1056:
1048:
1043:
1033:
1026:
1017:
1010:. Retrieved
1001:
982:
968:
936:
930:
910:
903:
894:
837:
829:Basil Spence
821:Skibo Castle
817:
807:Rear of the
689:in Brittany.
644:E. J. Lennox
621:
594:
590:tower houses
571:
539:Edward Blore
531:William Burn
526:
520:
500:battlemented
489:
470:
446:William Adam
423:
411:
376:
369:
325:
313:tower houses
293:
272:Predecessors
265:
263:
242:Scrabo Tower
211:Modern Style
198:
192:
172:Walter Scott
144:William Burn
133:
129:Jacobean era
125:architecture
60:
56:
55:
29:
2812:Romanticism
2752:Medievalism
2657:Fantastique
2622:Black metal
2601:Horror punk
2591:Gothic punk
2566:Gothic rock
2554:Gothic film
2542:Health Goth
2380:Romanticism
2337:Sondergotik
2096:Neo-Mudéjar
1996:Neo-Mudéjar
1937:Netherlands
1786:GrĂĽnderzeit
1781:Biedermeier
1558:Art Nouveau
1534:Historicism
1464:Tower house
1424:Court cairn
1348:Prehistoric
1118:07134-11422
790:Stables in
617:arrow slits
599:, designed
561:(1855) and
537:(1803–76),
535:David Bryce
458:Mellerstain
414:Inigo Jones
399:Moray House
353:Thirlestane
317:peel towers
254:County Down
250:Newtownards
227:World War I
148:David Bryce
109:Picturesque
105:Romanticism
97:battlements
2862:Categories
2576:Gothabilly
2442:Troubadour
2327:Portuguese
2307:Isabelline
2297:Flamboyant
2277:Brabantine
2272:Belarusian
2137:Greco Deco
1857:Jacobethan
1791:Jugendstil
1694:Vernacular
1642:Italianate
1573:Beaux-Arts
1538:Revivalism
1474:Wheelhouse
1449:Peel tower
1399:Blackhouse
978:0300058861
811:(1920) in
788:Powderhall
719:Walkerburn
559:Dall House
502:gateways,
485:portcullis
462:Wedderburn
438:Caledonian
288:cap-houses
276:See also:
193:Following
176:Abbotsford
136:architects
2817:Steampunk
2792:Occultism
2687:Grotesque
2647:Deathrock
2627:Cosmicism
2606:Post-punk
2586:Dark wave
2537:Cybergoth
2397:Gothicism
2364:Sculpture
2332:Rayonnant
2317:Manueline
2064:Stalinist
1822:Adamesque
1231:, p. 146.
1149:, p. 154.
1137:L. Hull,
1097:, p. 100.
1012:8 October
773:Prayagraj
715:The Kirna
648:Casa Loma
646:designed
403:Canongate
349:Colliston
341:Claypotts
336:bartizans
329:corbelled
93:tourelles
50:corbelled
2822:Ubi sunt
2615:See also
2347:Venetian
1984:Portugal
1672:European
1607:Neo-Grec
1553:Art Deco
1459:Shieling
1439:Hillfort
1358:Medieval
1189:, p. 11.
1019:country.
984:years...
846:See also
477:porticos
426:revivals
361:Balvenie
203:baronial
160:Scotland
123:and the
107:and the
79:and the
42:Greenock
2797:Ossuary
2652:Dracula
2477:and art
2342:Spanish
2312:Italian
2292:English
2224:Ancient
2026:Romania
1872:Regency
1444:Housing
1429:Crannog
799:Decline
775:, India
650:in the
508:turrets
473:Porches
357:Auchans
332:turrets
215:follies
188:masonry
127:of the
117:England
73:revived
2782:Occult
2672:Giallo
2457:Poland
2452:Canada
2359:Script
2322:Polish
2302:French
2218:Gothic
2073:Serbia
2010:Poland
1900:Greece
1703:France
1667:French
1419:Church
1409:Castle
1373:Modern
1253:
1227:
1206:
1145:
1115:
1093:
1069:
975:
943:
918:
450:Robert
372:Z-plan
365:Fiddes
363:, and
260:(1858)
225:after
184:ashlar
134:Among
95:, and
71:which
63:is an
46:gables
2677:Gloom
2287:Czech
2282:Brick
2251:Goths
2089:Spain
1928:Milan
1916:Italy
1404:Broch
1382:Forms
1353:Roman
886:Notes
771:, in
454:James
345:Monea
246:folly
142:were
99:with
1536:and
1341:Eras
1251:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1204:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1113:ISBN
1091:ISBN
1067:ISBN
1014:2018
973:ISBN
941:ISBN
916:ISBN
584:for
510:and
479:and
460:and
452:and
315:and
244:, a
170:and
146:and
48:and
36:The
2354:Art
1183:doi
397:at
339:at
248:in
209:'s
197:'s
186:or
174:'s
166:'s
59:or
40:in
2864::
1889:/
1605:/
1236:^
1177:,
1130:^
1121:.
1016:.
991:^
981:.
955:^
831:,
756:.
752:,
748:,
611:,
514:.
475:,
367:.
359:,
355:,
351:,
347:,
343:,
252:,
229:.
190:.
150:.
131:.
91:,
2211:e
2204:t
2197:v
1526:e
1519:t
1512:v
1326:e
1319:t
1312:v
1185::
1075:.
1007:6
949:.
924:.
20:)
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