1592:
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527:
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203:
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543:
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27:
457:
129:
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1775:, the Scotists took little part. They either supported one of the parties, or took up a middle position, rejecting both the predetermination of the Thomists and the scientia media of the Molinists. In Scotism, God recognizes the free future acts in His essence, and provides a free decree of His will, which does not predetermine human free will, but only accompanies it.
1766:
defined as dogma a series of doctrines especially emphasized by the
Scotists (e.g. freedom of the will, free co-operation with grace, etc..). In other points the canons were intentionally so framed that they do not affect Scotism (e.g. that the first man was constitutus in holiness and justice). This
2236:
Scotism appears to have attained its greatest popularity at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Special
Scotist chairs appear during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, in locations including Paris, Rome, Coimbra, Salamanca, Alcalá, Padua, and Pavia. In the eighteenth century it had still
2200:
Generally speaking, Scotism found its supporters within the
Franciscan Order; certainly, opposition to the Dominicans (i.e. to Aquinas) made many members of the order disciples of Scotus. However, this does not mean that the foundation and development of Scotism is to be regarded as a product of the
2417:
OFM, can be seen as in the
Scotist tradition. Several recent projects such as the Scotus Project of CUA, the International Scotistic Commission in Rome and the Commission of the Franciscan Intellectual Tradition of the English Speaking Conference of the OFM have sought to increase awareness of Duns
2232:
It is only at the end of the 15th or the beginning of the 16th century that a special
Scotist School can be spoken of. Scotus's works were then collected, brought out in many editions and commentated, etc. Regulations of general chapters, beginning in 1501, frequently recommend or directly prescre
1796:
Numerous other propositions have been accepted or at least favourably treated by a large number of
Catholic scholars and amongst these are many propositions from psychology: e.g. that the powers of the soul are not merely accidents even natural and necessary of the soul, that they are not really
1673:, but in its employment exercised sharp criticism, and in important points adhered to the teaching of the Older Franciscan School–especially with regard to the plurality of forms or of souls, the spiritual matter of the angels and of souls, etc., wherein he energetically combatted Aquinas.
2240:
Some sources describe
Scotism as merely tolerated by the Catholic Church. The Catholic Encyclopedia disputes this, arguing that none of its propositions have been censured, many prominent Catholic figures have been adherents, and various general statues recommend it. In their decrees
2237:
an important following, but in the 19th it suffered a great decline. One of the reasons for this was the repeated suppressions of the order in almost every country, while the recommendation of the teaching of St. Thomas by several popes could not be favourable to
Scotism.
1786:
philosophers and theologians adopted a series of the
Scotist propositions. Later authorities reject in part many of these propositions, and another series of propositions was rejected by Catholic theologians based on a misunderstanding – e.g. the doctrine of the
2197:(1589– ). In many cases, the differences are mostly in the terminology and a reconciliation is possible if one emphasize certain parts of Scotus or Aquinas and passes over or tones down others. However, some contradictions remain on a number of points.
2473:
2173:
Scotism exercised an influence on the development of philosophy and theology; its importance is not, as is often asserted, purely negative – i.e. it does not consist only in the fact that it exercised a criticism on
2404:
In the nineteenth century, although
Scotism was retained in the schools of the Franciscan Order in accordance with the statutes, there were few works in the Scotist tradition, in any case no celebrated ones.
1768:
171:
332:
2413:
Though the use of the term Scotism has become a bit antiquated, several contemporary theologians, especially from among the Franciscan Orders, like Kenan Osborne OFM and
1758:
may be traced to the one-sided exaggeration of some propositions of Scotus. Scotist Formalism is the direct opposite of Nominalism, and the Scotists were at one with the
338:
2388:
1739:. While Thomism has received unparalleled backing by the Magisterium, Scotist influence prevailed on a number of important points, not least the doctrine of the
2201:
rivalry between the two orders. Even Aquinas at first found a few opponents in his order – not all his fellow-Dominicans followed him in every particular (e.g.
2363:
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2544:
1595:
2360:(d. 1657), a well-known annalist, edited with other Irishmen in the College of S. Isidore at Rome the complete works of Scotus (12 vols., Lyons, 1639).
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2190:
326:
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2379:(d. 1681), a Portuguese, professor at Padua is said to have composed over one hundred writings and was renowned for his public disputations.
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seem to have adhered most faithfully to Scotus, particularly at the University of Padua, where many highly esteemed teachers lectured.
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1681:, is thus only a continuation or further development of the older school, with a much wider, although not exclusive acceptance of
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A comparison of the Scotist teaching with that of Aquinas has been often attempted – for example, in the abovementioned work of
4354:
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2385:(d. 1711) was for thirty years a celebrated professor at the Sorbonne and wrote "Scotus academicus seu universa theo Scoti".
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Craig, W. L. (1987). John Duns Scotus on God's Foreknowledge and Future Contingents. Franciscan Studies, 47(1), 98-122.
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have recommended not alone St. Thomas, but also Scholasticism in general, and this includes also the Scotist School.
91:
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2212:. Furthermore, Scotism found not a few supporters among secular professors and in other religious orders (e.g. the
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ideas. The difference between Thomism and Scotism could be expressed by saying that, while both derive from
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Most Scotists are both philosophers and theologians. Notable Scotists of the fourteenth century included
2220:, etc.), especially in England, Ireland, and Spain. Of the Minorites who supported Scotist doctrine, the
2153:
1913:
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243:
77:
2202:
1620:, a 13th-century Scottish philosopher-theologian. The word comes from the name of its originator, whose
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The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church – Biographical Dictionary – Consistory of September 1, 1681
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1988:
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Concerning the relation of these schools to each other, or the relation of Scotus to
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Scotus and Scotism on contemporary theology. Scotism has also found a home amongst
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1051:
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3444:
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Scotus found the ground already cleared for the conflict with the followers of
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concerning the foreknowledge of God, predestination, the relation of grace to
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They also took from Scotism many propositions concerning the doctrine of the
1762:
in combatting the latter; Occam himself was a bitter opponent of Scotus. The
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2012:
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435:
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2422:, including Richard Cross and Thomas Williams, as well as influencing
1832:
1692:
Aristotelianism, Thomism is closer to the orthodox Aristotelianism of
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2305:. The latter's work on Scotist theology was so notorious that it was
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1772:
1704:, while Scotism reflects the Platonizing tendency going back through
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26:
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3285:
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2537: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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distinct from the substance of the soul or from one another etc.
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parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article.
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1793:, of the acceptation of the merits of Christ and man, etc.
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The many Scotists of the 17th and 18th centuries include:
3538:
1632:, defining what would later be declared the dogma of the
2564:
1807:
2289:
Scotists of the fifteenth century included two popes,
1600:
Tabula generalis ac Mare magnum Scotice subtilitatis
2316:Notable Scotists of the sixteenth century included
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2227:
2208:The Scotist doctrines were also supported by many
5476:
2373:(d. 1693), held in high favour by several popes.
2456:"Papal Definition of the Immaculate Conception"
1747:Doctrinal conflicts within the Catholic Church
4686:
2590:
2391:(Bartélemy Durand) (d. 1720) wrote the great
2154:
1767:was also done at the Vatican Council. In the
1735:, consult the work of the Flemish Recollect,
1572:
478:
2570:Electronic Resources for Medieval Philosophy
2511:, Online bibliography of Franciscan Authors.
2474:"Aeterni Patris (August 4, 1879) | LEO XIII"
2189:at the end of the first volume; by Sarnano (
1658:. This school of thought initially followed
138:needs attention from an expert in Philosophy
2565:International Scotistic Commission: Scotism
1624:was one of the most important documents in
4693:
4679:
2597:
2583:
2542:
2408:
2334:
2284:
2161:
2147:
1579:
1565:
485:
471:
1754:is older than Scotus, but its revival in
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
2366:(about 1696), named the Viennese Scotus.
1662:, which dominated theology at the time.
1590:
169:
4700:
2195:Conciliatio omnium controversiarum etc.
5477:
2233:Scotism as the teaching of the order.
1654:, which dominated theology during the
153:may be able to help recruit an expert.
4674:
4336:
3078:
2616:
2578:
5515:Philosophical schools and traditions
2553:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1808:Influence on philosophy and theology
1636:by Pope Pius IX in his constitution
122:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
16:Philosophical and theological system
5510:History of Christianity in Scotland
1778:
13:
2543:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
1831:
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14:
5526:
2558:
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5445:
5339:Stratification of emotional life
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4782:
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1769:Thomistic–Molinistic controversy
1545:
1533:
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445:
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25:
5505:Christian theological movements
2399:
2228:Emergence of the Scotist School
36:needs additional citations for
5500:Catholic theology and doctrine
2604:
2514:
2502:
2491:
2466:
2448:
2439:
2393:Clypeus Scotisticae Theologiae
1645:
432:List of Franciscan theologians
1:
4337:
2526:
2267:Tractatus de transcendentibus
1650:Scotism developed out of the
4126:Ordinary language philosophy
2617:
333:Tractatus de Primo Principio
7:
4931:Theological intellectualism
4176:Contemporary utilitarianism
4091:Internalism and externalism
2297:, Elector Frederick III of
2265:(c. 1280–1328) author of a
2252:
1914:Libri Quattuor Sententiarum
1669:. He made very free use of
10:
5531:
5309:Principle of double effect
3440:Svatantrika and Prasangika
3079:
2371:Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria
1677:, or what is known as the
588:Principle of Double Effect
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2662:Philosophy of mathematics
2652:Philosophy of information
2627:
2623:
2612:
2320:, noted professor at the
339:Quaestiones Quodlibetales
2433:
2354:in twelve folio volumes.
2352:Commen. theologiae Scoti
2346:(Volpe) (d. 1647) wrote
2203:Durandus of St. Pourçain
2091:Protestant scholasticism
398:("The Universal Doctor")
312:Christianity and slavery
4936:Theological voluntarism
4131:Postanalytic philosophy
4072:Experimental philosophy
2445:Ordinatio III, d.3, q.1
2409:20th and 21st centuries
2335:17th and 18th centuries
2285:15th and 16th centuries
2103:Protoscholastic writing
2027:("Doctor Scholasticus")
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1679:Later Franciscan School
1630:Roman Catholic theology
704:Theological determinism
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4264:Social constructionism
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2657:Philosophy of language
2509:Bartholomaeus Durandus
2389:Bartholomaeus Durandus
2322:University of Tübingen
2135:Catholicism portal
2003:("Doctor Universalis")
1836:
1602:
1540:Catholicism portal
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1835:
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1594:
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304:Problem of universals
232:Immaculate Conception
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173:
5412:Doctor of the Church
5294:Ontological argument
4067:Critical rationalism
3774:Edo neo-Confucianism
3618:Acintya bheda abheda
3597:Renaissance humanism
3308:School of the Sextii
2682:Practical philosophy
2677:Political philosophy
2545:Scotism and Scotists
2326:Archbishop of Athens
2019:Anselm of Canterbury
1973:("Doctor Angelicus")
1953:John Scotus Eriugena
1642:on 8 December 1854.
1610:philosophical school
788:Second scholasticism
45:improve this article
5239:Divine illumination
4895:Augustinian realism
4763:Theological virtues
4702:Catholic philosophy
3638:Nimbarka Sampradaya
3549:Korean Confucianism
3296:Academic Skepticism
2462:on 21 January 2000.
2364:Lambertus Lambrecht
2303:Angelus of Chivasso
2279:University of Paris
2021:("Doctor Marianus")
1997:("The Commentator")
1979:("Doctor Subtilis")
1626:medieval philosophy
618:Liberation Theology
519:Catholic philosophy
396:St. Albertus Magnus
388:("The Commentator")
356:("The Philosopher")
189:Part of a series on
5407:Islamic philosophy
5361:Trademark argument
5254:Formal distinction
5204:Augustinian values
4877:Analytical Thomism
4857:Christian humanism
4259:Post-structuralism
4161:Scientific realism
4116:Quinean naturalism
4096:Logical positivism
4052:Analytical Marxism
3271:Peripatetic school
3183:Chinese naturalism
2710:Aesthetic response
2637:Applied philosophy
2428:William Lane Craig
2263:Francis of Mayrone
2071:Islamic philosophy
1991:("Doctor Eximius")
1933:Augustine of Hippo
1837:
1729:Alexander of Hales
1710:Brethren of Purity
1614:theological system
1603:
897:Gregory (of Nyssa)
625:Christian Humanism
461:Catholicism Portal
401:St. Thomas Aquinas
370:("The Theologian")
240:Formal distinction
207:
184:
178:(c.1265-1308) the
5472:
5471:
5387:Catholic theology
5334:Seven deadly sins
5304:Peripatetic axiom
5214:Cartesian dualism
4949:
4948:
4915:Scotistic realism
4872:Neo-scholasticism
4668:
4667:
4630:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4319:
4047:Analytic feminism
4019:
4018:
3981:Kierkegaardianism
3943:Transcendentalism
3903:Neo-scholasticism
3749:Classical Realism
3726:
3725:
3498:
3497:
3313:Neopythagoreanism
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
2687:Social philosophy
2329:Antonio Trombetta
2171:
2170:
2086:Neo-scholasticism
2066:Catholic theology
1983:William of Ockham
1596:Antonio De Fantis
1589:
1588:
1522:
1521:
1407:Garrigou-Lagrange
716:Divine Attributes
495:
494:
451:Philosophy Portal
428:Catholic theology
424:Oxford University
248:Scotistic realism
168:
167:
121:
120:
113:
95:
5522:
5462:
5461:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5274:Homo unius libri
5219:Cogito, ergo sum
5209:Cardinal virtues
4910:Moderate realism
4802:
4801:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4718:Cardinal virtues
4695:
4688:
4681:
4672:
4671:
4657:
4656:
4645:
4644:
4643:
4360:
4359:
4351:
4350:
4334:
4333:
4224:Frankfurt School
4171:Transactionalism
4121:Normative ethics
4101:Legal positivism
4077:Falsificationism
4062:Consequentialism
4057:Communitarianism
4030:
4029:
3898:New Confucianism
3737:
3736:
3544:Neo-Confucianism
3509:
3508:
3318:Second Sophistic
3303:Middle Platonism
3146:
3145:
3087:
3086:
3076:
3075:
2919:Epiphenomenalism
2786:Consequentialism
2720:Institutionalism
2625:
2624:
2614:
2613:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2554:
2536:
2535:
2521:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2458:. Archived from
2452:
2446:
2443:
2377:Francisco Macedo
2275:actus sorbonicus
2163:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2132:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2061:Franciscan Order
1989:Francisco Suárez
1893:Summa Grammatica
1879:Summa Theologica
1812:
1811:
1790:univocatio entis
1779:Jesuit tradition
1764:Council of Trent
1639:Ineffabilis Deus
1618:John Duns Scotus
1581:
1574:
1567:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1538:
1537:
927:John of Damascus
835:
834:
665:Moderate realism
573:Cardinal virtues
545:
544:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
528:
504:
497:
496:
487:
480:
473:
459:
449:
420:Franciscan Order
364:Pseudo-Dionysius
296:Platonic realism
288:Existence of God
267:Substantial form
252:Substance theory
195:John Duns Scotus
186:
185:
176:John Duns Scotus
163:
160:
154:
140:. Please add a
131:
130:
123:
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
5530:
5529:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5490:Aristotelianism
5475:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5458:
5456:
5444:
5436:
5397:Aristotelianism
5375:
5224:Dehellenization
5172:
4945:
4941:Foundationalism
4919:
4881:
4838:
4793:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4758:Social teaching
4704:
4699:
4669:
4664:
4641:
4639:
4618:
4582:
4482:
4444:
4391:
4345:
4344:
4316:
4305:Russian cosmism
4278:
4274:Western Marxism
4239:New Historicism
4204:Critical theory
4190:
4186:Wittgensteinian
4082:Foundationalism
4015:
3952:
3933:Social contract
3789:Foundationalism
3722:
3704:
3688:Illuminationism
3673:Aristotelianism
3659:
3648:Vishishtadvaita
3601:
3553:
3494:
3461:
3332:
3261:Megarian school
3256:Eretrian school
3197:
3158:Agriculturalism
3135:
3081:
3062:
3009:
2981:
2938:
2890:
2847:
2831:Incompatibilism
2800:
2772:
2724:
2696:
2619:
2608:
2603:
2561:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2420:Anglo-Catholics
2411:
2402:
2337:
2318:Paul Scriptoris
2307:publicly burned
2287:
2259:Antonius Andrea
2255:
2230:
2167:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2056:Dominican Order
2051:Aristotelianism
2039:
2031:
2030:
2001:Albertus Magnus
1966:
1958:
1957:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1845:
1810:
1781:
1749:
1737:Mathias Hauzeur
1733:St. Bonaventure
1714:Liber de Causis
1671:Aristotelianism
1648:
1585:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1151:
971:
963:
962:
961:
841:
832:
822:
821:
729:
721:
720:
650:
640:
639:
613:Social teaching
568:
558:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
491:
453:
439:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
416:Aristotelianism
413:
405:
404:
399:
394:
393:("Rabbi Moses")
389:
384:
379:
375:
371:
366:
362:
361:("The Apostle")
357:
351:
343:
342:
336:
330:
323:
315:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
269:
265:
261:
250:
246:
242:
238:
236:Beatific vision
234:
230:
226:
222:
217:
164:
158:
155:
149:
132:
128:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5528:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5454:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5351:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5299:Pascal's wager
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5259:Guardian angel
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4951:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4891:
4889:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4846:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4814:Augustinianism
4810:
4808:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4723:Divine command
4720:
4714:
4712:
4706:
4705:
4698:
4697:
4690:
4683:
4675:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4650:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4450:Middle Eastern
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4357:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4314:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4214:Existentialism
4211:
4209:Deconstruction
4206:
4200:
4198:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Applied ethics
4038:
4036:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4006:Nietzscheanism
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3948:Utilitarianism
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3846:Transcendental
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3784:Existentialism
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3706:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3572:Augustinianism
3569:
3563:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3513:
3506:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3485:Zoroastrianism
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3342:
3340:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3328:Church Fathers
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3210:
3208:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3011:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2940:
2939:
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2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2843:Libertarianism
2840:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
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2774:
2773:
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2765:
2760:
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2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2647:Metaphilosophy
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2560:
2559:External links
2557:
2556:
2555:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2513:
2501:
2490:
2478:www.vatican.va
2465:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2386:
2383:Claude Frassen
2380:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2336:
2333:
2286:
2283:
2271:Francis Mayron
2254:
2251:
2229:
2226:
2191:Costanzo Torri
2176:Thomas Aquinas
2169:
2168:
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2165:
2158:
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2110:
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2029:
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2022:
2016:
2010:
2009:("The Master")
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1971:Thomas Aquinas
1967:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1948:Alcuin of York
1945:
1943:Pope Gregory I
1940:
1935:
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1918:
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1907:Opus Oxoniense
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1622:Opus Oxoniense
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1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
973:
972:
969:
968:
965:
964:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
843:
842:
839:
838:
833:
828:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:
812:
802:
797:
796:
795:
790:
780:
775:
770:
765:
764:
763:
761:Friends of God
753:
748:
743:
742:
741:
734:Augustinianism
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
713:
712:
711:
706:
699:Predestination
696:
691:
686:
672:
667:
662:
657:
651:
646:
645:
642:
641:
638:
637:
635:Works of mercy
632:
627:
622:
621:
620:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
569:
564:
563:
560:
559:
546:
522:
521:
515:
514:
506:
505:
493:
492:
490:
489:
482:
475:
467:
464:
463:
441:
440:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
383:("The Master")
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
327:Opus Oxoniense
324:
321:
320:
317:
316:
218:
213:
212:
209:
208:
198:
197:
191:
190:
166:
165:
135:
133:
126:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5527:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5495:Scholasticism
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5439:
5433:
5432:Phenomenology
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5329:Rota Fortunae
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5289:Occam's razor
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5269:Head of a pin
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5184:Actus Essendi
5182:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:Chateaubriand
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4952:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4905:Conceptualism
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4819:Scholasticism
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4769:
4768:Virtue ethics
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:Seven virtues
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4696:
4691:
4689:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4673:
4661:
4660:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4591:
4589:
4587:Miscellaneous
4585:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4313:
4312:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:Miscellaneous
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Structuralism
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:Postmodernism
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4244:Phenomenology
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4181:Vienna Circle
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:Moral realism
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Phenomenology
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3853:Individualism
3851:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3718:Judeo-Islamic
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3694:ʿIlm al-Kalām
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3643:Shuddhadvaita
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3577:Scholasticism
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3077:
3073:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Conceptualism
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:Particularism
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2924:Functionalism
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:Eliminativism
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2814:Compatibilism
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:Particularism
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2540:
2539:public domain
2531:
2530:
2517:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2494:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2406:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2344:Angelo Vulpes
2342:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2311:Martin Luther
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2164:
2159:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2124:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2025:Peter Abelard
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:Peter Lombard
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1900:Summa logicae
1897:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1886:Cur Deus Homo
1883:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:Scholasticism
1823:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1690:Neoplatonized
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
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101:November 2021
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56:Find sources:
50:
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40:
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34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
5402:Neoplatonism
5324:Ressentiment
5319:Quinque viae
5284:Memento mori
5244:Double truth
5189:Actus primus
4955:Philosophers
4862:Cartesianism
4828:
4652:
4638:
4309:
4300:Postcritique
4290:Kyoto School
4249:Posthumanism
4229:Hermeneutics
4084: /
4025:Contemporary
4001:Newtonianism
3964:Cartesianism
3923:Reductionism
3759:Conservatism
3754:Collectivism
3692:
3586:
3420:Sarvāstivadā
3398:Anekantavada
3323:Neoplatonism
3291:Epicureanism
3224:Pythagoreans
3163:Confucianism
3129:Contemporary
3119:Early modern
3023:Anti-realism
2977:Universalism
2934:Subjectivism
2730:Epistemology
2548:
2516:
2504:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2477:
2468:
2460:the original
2450:
2441:
2415:Daniel Horan
2412:
2403:
2400:19th century
2392:
2358:Luke Wadding
2351:
2347:
2338:
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2256:
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2214:Augustinians
2207:
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2081:Neoplatonism
2043:
1965:Philosophers
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1637:
1621:
1616:named after
1605:
1604:
1599:
1452:John Paul II
1377:Benedict XVI
1350:Contemporary
830:Philosophers
799:
751:Cartesianism
694:Quinque Viae
444:
373:St. Boethius
337:
331:
325:
255:
244:Hylomorphism
214:
156:
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141:
137:
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74:
67:
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
5422:Rationalism
5417:Renaissance
5349:Augustinian
5234:Disputation
5229:Differentia
5194:Actus purus
5098:Malebranche
5013:Bonaventure
4748:Personalism
4743:Natural law
4738:Probabilism
4295:Objectivism
4234:Neo-Marxism
4196:Continental
4106:Meta-ethics
4086:Coherentism
3991:Hegelianism
3928:Rationalism
3888:Natural law
3868:Materialism
3794:Historicism
3764:Determinism
3655:Navya-Nyāya
3430:Sautrāntika
3425:Pudgalavada
3361:Vaisheshika
3214:Presocratic
3114:Renaissance
3053:Physicalism
3038:Materialism
2944:Normativity
2929:Objectivism
2914:Emergentism
2904:Behaviorism
2853:Metaphysics
2819:Determinism
2758:Rationalism
2424:Protestants
2291:Alexander V
2222:Conventuals
2013:Bonaventure
1977:Duns Scotus
1872:Major works
1683:Peripatetic
1660:Augustinism
1656:Middle Ages
1646:Development
1267:Malebranche
1127:Roscellinus
1072:Grosseteste
1032:Bonaventure
852:Athenagoras
648:Metaphysics
608:Personalism
603:Natural law
598:Probabilism
308:Metaphysics
292:Christology
182:of Scotism.
159:August 2023
5479:Categories
5427:Empiricism
5249:Evil demon
5023:Chesterton
4900:Nominalism
4887:Universals
4728:Just price
4594:Amerindian
4501:Australian
4440:Vietnamese
4420:Indonesian
3969:Kantianism
3918:Positivism
3908:Pragmatism
3883:Naturalism
3863:Liberalism
3841:Subjective
3779:Empiricism
3683:Avicennism
3628:Bhedabheda
3512:East Asian
3435:Madhyamaka
3415:Abhidharma
3281:Pyrrhonism
3048:Nominalism
3043:Naturalism
2972:Skepticism
2962:Relativism
2952:Absolutism
2881:Naturalism
2791:Deontology
2763:Skepticism
2748:Naturalism
2738:Empiricism
2702:Aesthetics
2606:Philosophy
2527:References
2324:, and the
2076:Empiricism
2045:Philosophy
1927:Precursors
1752:Nominalism
1694:Maimonides
1447:Hildebrand
1387:Chesterton
1252:La Mennais
1182:Bellarmine
1177:Azpilcueta
1122:Paschasius
1002:Autrecourt
957:Tertullian
917:Chrysostom
857:Athanasius
739:Victorines
670:Nominalism
578:Just price
436:Empiricism
391:Maimonides
350:Influences
71:newspapers
5392:Platonism
5366:Univocity
5264:Haecceity
5143:Ratzinger
5108:Montaigne
5088:MacIntyre
5043:Dionysius
5038:Descartes
4998:Augustine
4852:Salamanca
4473:Pakistani
4435:Taiwanese
4382:Ethiopian
4355:By region
4341:By region
4156:Scientism
4151:Systemics
4011:Spinozism
3938:Socialism
3873:Modernism
3836:Objective
3744:Anarchism
3678:Averroism
3567:Christian
3519:Neotaoism
3490:Zurvanism
3480:Mithraism
3475:Mazdakism
3246:Cyrenaics
3173:Logicians
2806:Free will
2768:Solipsism
2715:Formalism
2369:Cardinal
2295:Sixtus IV
2277:into the
2210:Minorites
2180:Thomistic
1773:free will
1706:Avicebron
1467:MacIntyre
1427:Gutiérrez
1397:Copleston
1367:Balthasar
1222:Descartes
1082:Hildegard
1067:Gregory I
1042:Catherine
992:Alexander
942:Dionysius
862:Augustine
815:Salamanca
689:Haecceity
593:Casuistry
354:Aristotle
228:Haecceity
224:Univocity
60:"Scotism"
5354:Irenaean
5344:Theodicy
5314:Quiddity
5177:Concepts
5103:Maritain
5073:Krasicki
5063:Gassendi
5053:Eriugena
5008:Boethius
4983:Anscombe
4973:Albertus
4867:Molinism
4834:Occamism
4806:Medieval
4733:Just war
4659:Category
4614:Yugoslav
4604:Romanian
4511:Scottish
4496:American
4425:Japanese
4405:Buddhist
4387:Africana
4377:Egyptian
4219:Feminist
4141:Rawlsian
4136:Quietism
4034:Analytic
3986:Krausism
3893:Nihilism
3858:Kokugaku
3821:Absolute
3816:Idealism
3804:Humanism
3592:Occamism
3559:European
3504:Medieval
3450:Yogacara
3410:Buddhist
3403:Syādvāda
3286:Stoicism
3251:Cynicism
3239:Sophists
3234:Atomists
3229:Eleatics
3168:Legalism
3109:Medieval
3033:Idealism
2987:Ontology
2967:Nihilism
2871:Idealism
2629:Branches
2618:Branches
2483:29 April
2253:Scotists
2243:Leo XIII
2218:Servites
2182:school.
2178:and the
1995:Averroes
1938:Boethius
1860:Occamism
1817:a series
1815:Part of
1760:Thomists
1756:Occamism
1722:Plotinus
1702:Avicenna
1698:Averroes
1482:Maritain
1457:Lonergan
1437:Guardini
1362:Anscombe
1337:Caramuel
1247:Krasicki
1242:Kołłątaj
1197:Brentano
1057:Eriugena
1022:Berengar
970:Medieval
922:Climacus
902:Irenaeus
872:Boethius
867:Benedict
810:Analytic
778:Occamism
768:Molinism
746:Llullism
675:Quiddity
583:Just war
511:a series
509:Part of
386:Averroes
377:Avicenna
359:St. Paul
271:Quiddity
263:Accident
174:Blessed
5485:Scotism
5380:Related
5168:Wojtyła
5148:Scheler
5093:Maistre
5083:Lombard
5068:Isidore
5048:Erasmus
5028:Clement
4993:Aquinas
4963:Abelard
4829:Scotism
4824:Thomism
4798:Schools
4609:Russian
4578:Spanish
4573:Slovene
4563:Maltese
4558:Italian
4538:Finland
4506:British
4488:Western
4478:Turkish
4463:Islamic
4458:Iranian
4410:Chinese
4397:Eastern
4364:African
4311:more...
3996:Marxism
3826:British
3769:Dualism
3665:Islamic
3623:Advaita
3613:Vedanta
3587:Scotism
3582:Thomism
3524:Tiantai
3467:Persian
3455:Tibetan
3445:Śūnyatā
3386:Cārvāka
3376:Ājīvika
3371:Mīmāṃsā
3351:Samkhya
3266:Academy
3219:Ionians
3193:Yangism
3150:Chinese
3141:Ancient
3104:Western
3099:Ancient
3058:Realism
3015:Reality
3005:Process
2886:Realism
2866:Dualism
2861:Atomism
2743:Fideism
2541::
2187:Hauzeur
2038:Related
1855:Scotism
1850:Thomism
1844:Schools
1718:Proclus
1675:Scotism
1667:Aquinas
1608:is the
1606:Scotism
1492:Mounier
1487:McLuhan
1442:Haldane
1382:Blondel
1332:Vitoria
1307:Rosmini
1282:Mercado
1277:Meinong
1272:Mariana
1262:Maistre
1257:Liguori
1237:Gracián
1232:Fénelon
1227:Erasmus
1207:Cajetan
1192:Bossuet
1167:Arnauld
1147:Thierry
1102:Lombard
1092:Isidore
1052:Eckhart
1037:Buridan
1027:Bernard
1007:Aquinas
977:Abelard
937:Maximus
912:Cassian
882:Cyprian
877:Clement
847:Ambrose
840:Ancient
805:Thomism
800:Scotism
728:Schools
679:essence
660:Realism
548:Aquinas
412:Related
275:essence
215:Scotism
85:scholar
5371:Utopia
5163:Suárez
5153:Scotus
5138:Rahner
5128:Pascal
5118:Newman
5058:Ficino
4988:Anselm
4978:Alcuin
4844:Modern
4710:Ethics
4568:Polish
4548:German
4543:French
4528:Danish
4518:Canada
4468:Jewish
4430:Korean
4415:Indian
3957:People
3878:Monism
3831:German
3799:Holism
3732:Modern
3710:Jewish
3633:Dvaita
3606:Indian
3529:Huayan
3381:Ajñana
3338:Indian
3203:Greco-
3188:Taoism
3178:Mohism
3124:Modern
3091:By era
3080:By era
2995:Action
2876:Monism
2796:Virtue
2778:Ethics
2299:Saxony
2247:Pius X
1802:angels
1784:Jesuit
1712:, the
1708:, the
1687:Arabic
1512:Taylor
1502:Rahner
1497:Pieper
1477:Marion
1472:Marcel
1432:Dávila
1422:Girard
1417:Gilson
1402:Finnis
1392:Congar
1372:Barron
1322:Suárez
1302:Pascal
1297:Newman
1287:Molina
1217:Cortés
1202:Botero
1187:Bonald
1160:Modern
1142:Symeon
1132:Scotus
1117:Oresme
1112:Ockham
1107:Martin
997:Anselm
987:Alcuin
982:Albert
947:Origen
932:Justin
907:Jerome
683:nature
566:Ethics
556:Ockham
554:, and
552:Scotus
539:
531:
279:nature
180:eponym
142:reason
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
5199:Aevum
5158:Stein
5123:Occam
5078:Llull
5003:Bacon
4968:Adler
4924:Other
4599:Aztec
4553:Greek
4533:Dutch
4523:Czech
4372:Bantu
3809:Anti-
3356:Nyaya
3346:Hindu
3206:Roman
3000:Event
2642:Logic
2434:Notes
2426:like
2348:Summa
2301:and
1507:Stein
1462:Lubac
1412:Geach
1357:Adler
1312:Sales
1172:Ávila
1137:Siger
1097:Llull
1062:Giles
1012:Bacon
887:Cyril
322:Works
257:ousia
144:or a
92:JSTOR
78:books
5133:Pico
5113:More
5033:Cusa
3700:Sufi
3534:Chan
3393:Jain
3366:Yoga
2896:Mind
2836:Hard
2824:Hard
2485:2023
2350:and
2293:and
2261:and
2245:and
1731:and
1716:and
1700:and
1628:and
1612:and
1327:Vico
1317:Soto
1292:More
1087:Hugh
1047:Cusa
1017:Bede
952:Paul
146:talk
64:news
3974:Neo
3539:Zen
2547:".
2309:by
2205:).
1720:to
793:Neo
47:by
5481::
2476:.
2430:.
2331:.
2313:.
2281:.
2269:.
2216:,
2193:,
1819:on
1804:.
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1724:.
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681:/
550:,
513:on
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273:(
260:)
254:(
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157:(
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108:(
103:)
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89:·
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