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139:
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2174:. Scorpions have two eyes on the top of the cephalothorax, and usually two to five pairs of eyes along the front corners of the cephalothorax. While unable to form sharp images, their central eyes are amongst the most light sensitive in the animal kingdom, especially in dim light, which makes it possible for nocturnal species to use starlight to navigate at night. The chelicerae are at the front and underneath the carapace. They are pincer-like and have three segments and sharp "teeth". The brain of a scorpion is in the back of the cephalothorax, just above the
1061:
2219:
876:
2360:. Externally it bears the curved stinger, the hypodermic aculeus, equipped with sensory hairs. Each of the venom glands has its own duct to convey its secretion along the aculeus from the bulb of the gland to immediately near of the tip, where each of the paired ducts has its own venom pore. An extrinsic muscle system in the tail moves it forward and propels and penetrates with the aculeus, while an intrinsic muscle system attached to the glands pumps venom through the stinger into the intended victim. The stinger contains
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532:
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173:
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280:
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3140:, China. There, scorpions can be cooked and eaten in a variety of ways, including roasting, frying, grilling, raw, or alive. The stingers are typically not removed, since direct and sustained heat negates the harmful effects of the venom. In Thailand, scorpions are not eaten as often as other arthropods, such as grasshoppers, but they are sometimes fried as street food. They are used in Vietnam to make
2349:, which is not strictly a segment. The five segments are merely body rings; they lack apparent sterna or terga, and become larger distally. These segments have keels, setae and bristles which may be used for taxonomic classification. The anus is at the distal and ventral end of the last segment, and is encircled by four anal papillae and the anal arch. The tails of some species contain light receptors.
3028:
2819:
temporarily, returning when they sense potential danger. Once the exoskeleton is fully hardened, the young can hunt prey on their own and may soon leave their mother. A scorpion may molt six times on average before reaching maturity, which may not occur until it is 6 to 83 months old, depending on the species. Some species may live up to 25 years.
2735:(French for "a walk for two"). In this dance, the male and female move back and forth while facing each other, as the male searches for a suitable place to deposit his spermatophore. The courtship ritual can involve several other behaviors such as a cheliceral kiss, in which the male and female grasp each other's mouth-parts,
2393:, finding shelter during the day in burrows, cracks in rocks and tree bark. Many species dig a shelter underneath stones a few centimeters long. Some may use burrows made by other animals including spiders, reptiles and small mammals. Other species dig their own burrows which vary in complexity and depth.
4193:
Ontano, Andrew Z.; Gainett, Guilherme; Aharon, Shlomi; Ballesteros, JesĂșs A.; Benavides, Ligia R.; Corbett, Kevin F.; Gavish-Regev, Efrat; Harvey, Mark S.; Monsma, Scott; Santibåñez-LĂłpez, Carlos E.; Setton, Emily V. W.; Zehms, Jakob T.; Zeh, Jeanne A.; Zeh, David W.; Sharma, Prashant P. (June 2021).
2645:
Scorpions, like other arachnids, digest their food externally. The chelicerae, which are very sharp, are used to pull small amounts of food off the prey item into a pre-oral cavity below the chelicerae and carapace. The digestive juices from the gut are egested onto the food, and the digested food is
2193:
used for prey immobilization, defense and sensory purposes. The segments of the pedipalp (from closest to the body outward) are coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia (including the fixed claw and the manus) and tarsus (moveable claw). A scorpion has darkened or granular raised linear ridges, called
8158:
The company logo has been the scorpion since the very start; Carlo Abarth did not only want it as a reference to his zodiac sign, but also because it was an original and hard to imitate logo. At the beginning the scorpion was free from any contour and featured the typo "Abarth & Co.- Torino". In
3010:
Efforts are made to prevent envenomation and to control scorpion populations. Prevention encompasses personal activities such as checking shoes and clothes before putting them on, not walking in bare feet or sandals, and filling in holes and cracks where scorpions might nest. Street lighting reduces
2399:
species dig burrows as over 2 m (6 ft 7 in) deep. Digging is done using the mouth parts, claws and legs. In several species, particularly of the family
Buthidae, individuals may gather in the same shelter; bark scorpions may aggregate up to 30 individuals. In some species, families of
2801:
Before giving birth, the female elevates the front of her body and positions her pedipalps and front legs under her to catch the young ("birth basket"). The young emerge one by one from the genital opercula, expel the embryonic membrane, if any, and are placed on the mother's back where they remain
2282:
filled with air inside a pulmonary chamber, connected on the ventral side to an atrial chamber which opens into a spiracle. Bristles hold the lamellae apart. A muscle opens the spiracle and widens the atrial chamber; dorsoventral muscles contract to compress the pulmonary chamber, forcing air out,
2818:
generally resemble smaller versions of adults, with fully developed pincers, hairs and stingers. They are still soft and lack pigments, and thus continue to ride on their mother's back for protection. They become harder and more pigmented over the next couple of days. They may leave their mother
3002:
Scorpion stings are a public health problem, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the
Americas, North Africa, the Middle East and India. Around 1.5 million scorpion envenomations occur each year with around 2,600 deaths. Mexico is one of the most affected countries, with the
2742:
When the male has located a suitably stable substrate, such as hard ground, agglomerated sand, rock, or tree bark, he deposits the spermatophore and guides the female over it. This allows the spermatophore to enter her genital opercula, which triggers release of the sperm, thus fertilizing the
1377:
More recently, some twenty-two families containing over 2,500 species of scorpions have been described, with many additions and much reorganization of taxa in the 21st century. There are over 100 described taxa of fossil scorpions. This classification is based on
Soleglad and Fet (2003), which
2723:
which are picked up by wandering males using their pectines to comb the substrate. Males begin courtship by moving their bodies back and forth, without moving the legs, a behavior known as juddering. This appears to produce ground vibrations that are picked up by the female.
2798:, with live births. They are unusual among terrestrial arthropods in the amount of care a female gives to her offspring. The size of a brood varies by species, from 3 to over 100. The body size of scorpions is not correlated either with brood size or with life cycle length.
2230:
The mesosoma or preabdomen is the broad part of the opisthosoma. In the early stages of embryonic development the mesosoma consist of eight segments, but the first segment disappear before birth, so the mesosoma in scorpions actually consist of segments 2-8. These
3156:
with a lockable lid and the appropriate temperature and humidity for the chosen species, which typically means installing a heating mat and spraying regularly with a little water. The substrate needs to resemble that of the species' natural environment, such as
4137:"Une nouvelle famille, genre et espĂšce de scorpion fossile du Calcaire de Meride (Trias Moyen) du Mont San Giorgio (Suisse)A new family, genus and species of fossil scorpion from the Meride Limestone (Middle Triassic) of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland)"
6958:
Santos, Maria S.V.; Silva, ClĂĄudio G.L.; Neto, BasĂlio Silva; Grangeiro JĂșnior, CĂcero R.P.; Lopes, Victor H.G.; Teixeira JĂșnior, AntĂŽnio G.; Bezerra, Deryk A.; Luna, JoĂŁo V.C.P.; Cordeiro, JosuĂ© B.; JĂșnior, Jucier Gonçalves; Lima, Marcos A.P. (2016).
2485:
A scorpion uses its stinger both for killing prey and defense. Some species make direct, quick strikes with their tails while others make slower, more circular strikes which can more easily return the stinger to a position where it can strike again.
2739:("upright tree") where the partners elevate their posteriors and rub their tails together, and sexual stinging, in which the male stings the female in the chelae or mesosoma to subdue her. The dance can last from a few minutes to several hours.
2469:
in its blood. Desert scorpions get most of their moisture from the food they eat but some can absorb water from the humid soil. Species that live in denser vegetation and in more moderate temperatures will drink water on plants and in puddles.
3187:
is more common in captivity than in the wild and can be minimized by providing many small shelters within the enclosure and ensuring there is plenty of prey. The pet trade has threatened wild populations of some scorpion species, particularly
3384:, who had said he would kill all the world's animals. Orion and the scorpion both became constellations; as enemies they were placed on opposite sides of the world, so when one rises in the sky, the other sets. Scorpions are mentioned in the
2810:
on their tarsi, used to hold on to their mother. This period lasts 5 to 25 days, depending on the species. The brood molt for the first time simultaneously in a process that lasts 6 to 8 hours, marking the beginning of the juvenile stage.
6281:
1373:
created the order
Scorpiones in 1837. He divided it into four families, the six-eyed scorpions "Scorpionides", the eight-eyed scorpions "Buthides", the ten-eyed scorpions "Centrurides", and the twelve-eyed scorpions "Androctonides".
7678:(German) Die Moral der Fabel besagt: Manche Menschen handeln von Natur aus mörderisch und selbst-mörderisch zugleich. (English) The moral of the fable says: Some people act naturally murderous and self-murderous at the same time.
2545:
to warn off predators by rubbing certain hairs, the stinger or the claws. Certain species have a preference for using either the claws or stinger as defense, depending on the size of the appendages. A few scorpions, such as
3577:
As there is currently neither paleontological nor embryological evidence that arachnids ever had a separate thorax-like division, there exists an argument against the validity of the term cephalothorax, which means fused
2198:. Unlike those of some other arachnids, the legs have not been modified for other purposes, though they may occasionally be used for digging, and females may use them to catch emerging young. The legs are covered in
3091:
and many other biological processes. Some of these molecules may be useful in medical research and might lead to the development of new disease treatments. Among their potential therapeutic uses are as analgesic,
2623:
including lizards, snakes and mammals. Species with large claws may prey on earthworms and mollusks. The majority of species are opportunistic and consume a variety of prey though some may be highly specialized;
3415:
centers on a poor pearl fisherman's attempts to save his infant son from a scorpion sting, only to lose him to human violence. Scorpions have equally appeared in western artforms including film and poetry: the
3794:
Scholtz, Gerhard; Kamenz, Carsten (2006). "The Book Lungs of
Scorpiones and Tetrapulmonata (Chelicerata, Arachnida): Evidence for Homology and a Single Terrestrialisation Event of a Common Arachnid Ancestor".
2403:
Scorpions prefer areas where the temperature remains in the range of 11â40 °C (52â104 °F), but may survive temperatures from well below freezing to desert heat. Scorpions can withstand intense heat:
2658:, where it is further digested. The waste passes through the hindgut and out of the anus. Scorpions can consume large amounts of food during one meal. They have an efficient food storage organ and a very low
3266:
3244:
2426:
lives in a temperature range of â30â50 °C (â22â122 °F). Scorpions that live outside deserts prefer lower temperatures. The ability to resist cold may be related to the increase in the sugar
2420:
can live in temperatures of 45â50 °C (113â122 °F) if they are sufficiently hydrated. Desert species must deal with the extreme changes in temperature from day to night or between seasons;
7662:
6277:
2642:
hairs on their bodies and capture them with their claws. Small animals are merely killed with the claws, particularly by large-clawed species. Larger and more aggressive prey is given a sting.
1882:. The diversity of scorpions is greatest in subtropical areas; it decreases toward the poles and equator, though scorpions are found in the tropics. Scorpions did not occur naturally in
2310:
which connect to a single atrium leading to the genital orifice. Males have two gonads made of two cylindrical tubes with a ladder-like configuration; they contain cysts which produce
7133:
Ahmadi, Shirin; Knerr, Julius M.; Argemi, LĂdia; Bordon, Karla C. F.; Pucca, Manuela B.; Cerni, Felipe A.; Arantes, Eliane C.; ĂalıĆkan, Figen; Laustsen, Andreas H. (12 May 2020).
3211:
2572:
to escape predators. The parts do not grow back, leaving them unable to sting and defecate, but they can still catch small prey and reproduce for at least eight months afterward.
3019:, or gathering scorpions manually with the help of ultraviolet lights. Domestic predators of scorpions, such as chickens and turkeys, can help to reduce the risk to a household.
4243:
Sharma, Prashant P.; Baker, Caitlin M.; Cosgrove, Julia G.; Johnson, Joanne E.; Oberski, Jill T.; Raven, Robert J.; Harvey, Mark S.; Boyer, Sarah L.; Giribet, Gonzalo (2018).
2457:, not requiring water for their removal from the body. Guanine is the main component and maximizes the amount of nitrogen excreted. A scorpion's cuticle holds in moisture via
3226:
993:. The main division is into the clades Buthida and Iurida. The Bothriuridae diverged starting before temperate Gondwana broke up into separate land masses, completed by the
2278:. The spiracle openings may be slits, circular, elliptical or oval according to the species. There are thus four pairs of book lungs; each consists of some 140 to 150 thin
6814:
3586:. Similarly, arguments can be formed against use of the term abdomen, as the opisthosoma of all scorpions contains a heart and book lungs, organs atypical of an abdomen.
2885:
in the cuticle. Accordingly, a hand-held ultraviolet lamp has long been a standard tool for nocturnal field surveys of these animals. Fluorescence occurs as a result of
2554:
1985:
384:
The vast majority of species do not seriously threaten humans, and healthy adults usually do not need medical treatment after a sting. About 25 species (fewer than one
2514:
are somewhat specialized in preying on scorpions, biting off their stingers and being immune to their venom. Other predators adapted for hunting scorpions include the
388:) have venom capable of killing a human, which happens frequently in the parts of the world where they live, primarily where access to medical treatment is unlikely.
7860:
6585:
8291:
Stockmann, Roland (2015). "Introduction to
Scorpion Biology and Ecology". In Gopalakrishnakone, P.; Possani, L.; F. Schwartz, E.; RodrĂguez de la Vega, R. (eds.).
3611:
2422:
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is the specific treatment for scorpion envenomation combined with supportive measures including vasodilators in patients with cardiovascular toxic effects, and
4568:
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4458:
1944:
1934:
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7566:
in his left he carries a long spear and a shield with device in black silhouette of a scorpion to left. ... Made in: Attica, Greece ... Findspot: Nola, Italy
2318:, one on each side of the mesosoma. They connect to glandular symmetrical structures called paraxial organs, which end at the genital orifice. These secrete
1591:
1544:
1486:
1465:
1453:
1437:
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2707:
1350:; the other three are dubious names. He placed the scorpions among his "Insecta aptera" (wingless insects), a group that included Crustacea, Arachnida and
8704:
7622:
7939:
7304:
4734:
2150:
or post-abdomen. External differences between the sexes are not obvious in most species. In some, the metasoma is more elongated in males than females.
3405:
has been interpreted as showing that vicious people cannot resist hurting others, even when it is not in their interests. More recently, the action in
507:
2522:, which are also immune to their venom. In one study, 70% of the latter's droppings contained scorpion fragments. Scorpions host parasites including
4803:
2931:
of many species are uncomfortable, but only 25 species have venom that is deadly to humans. Those species belong to the family
Buthidae, including
8963:
8216:
7277:
4171:
3303:
flatweave carpets, for protection from their sting. The scorpion is perceived both as an embodiment of evil and as a protective force such as a
2634:, which involves them waiting for prey at or near the entrance to their burrow. Others actively seek them out. Scorpions detect their prey with
361:
is used for offense and defense. During courtship, the male and female grasp each other's pincers and dance while he tries to move her onto his
6193:
Mattoni, C. I.; GarcĂa-HernĂĄndez, S.; Botero-Trujillo, R.; Ochoa, J. A.; Ojanguren-Affilastro, A. A.; Pinto-da-Rocha, R.; Prendini, L. (2015).
4772:
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4056:
602:
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9002:
5906:
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and increases in intensity with each successive instar. This fluorescence may have an active role in the scorpion's ability to detect light.
608:
7553:
2782:; apoikogenic and katoikogenic. In the apoikogenic system, which is mainly found in the Buthidae, embryos develop in yolk-rich eggs inside
1595:
1548:
1490:
1441:
5493:
Lautié, N.; Soranzo, L.; Lajarille, M.-E.; Stockmann, R. (2007). "Paraxial Organ of a
Scorpion: Structural and Ultrastructural Studies of
4025:"The Earliest Record of Terrestrial Animals in Gondwana: a Scorpion from the Famennian (Late Devonian) Witpoort Formation of South Africa"
2178:. As in other arachnids, the nervous system is highly concentrated in the cephalothorax, but has a long ventral nerve cord with segmented
6784:
5432:
4581:
4534:
4348:
2562:, squirt venom in a narrow jet as far as 1 meter (3.3 ft) to warn off potential predators, possibly injuring them in the eyes. Some
2283:
and relax to allow the chamber to refill. The 7th and last somite does not bear appendages or any other significant external structures.
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Permanyer persisted, built larger engines, and in 1965 showed the 247cc engine (21 horsepower at 7,000 rpm) in a
Scorpion motocrosser.
8145:
7833:
3958:"Stranger than a scorpion: a reassessment of Parioscorpio venator, a problematic arthropod from the Llandoverian Waukesha LagerstÀtte"
7801:
7522:
4971:
4776:
4467:
3152:
Scorpions are often kept as pets. They are relatively simple to keep, the main requirements being a secure enclosure such as a glass
2786:. The katoikogenic system is documented in Hemiscorpiidae, Scorpionidae and Diplocentridae, and involves the embryos developing in a
970:
as the sister group of scorpions in the clade
Panscorpiones, which together with Tetrapulmonata makes up the clade Arachnopulmonata.
8087:
7246:
6743:
4622:
4245:"A Revised Dated Phylogeny of Scorpions: Phylogenomic Support for Ancient Divergence of the Temperate Gondwanan Family Bothriuridae"
4080:"Insights into the 400 million-year-old eyes of giant sea scorpions (Eurypterida) suggest the structure of Palaeozoic compound eyes"
8937:
6842:
1587:
3956:
Anderson, Evan P.; Schiffbauer, James D.; Jacquet, Sarah M.; Lamsdell, James C.; Kluessendorf, Joanne; Mikulic, Donald G. (2021).
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then forms in the female to prevent her from mating again before the young are born. The male and female then abruptly separate.
5716:
6806:
7192:
RodrĂguez de la Vega, Ricardo C.; Vidal, Nicolas; Possani, Lourival D. (2013). "Scorpion Peptides". In Kastin, Abba J. (ed.).
4316:
4196:"Taxonomic sampling and rare genomic changes overcome long-branch attraction in the phylogenetic placement of pseudoscorpions"
8304:
8254:
8017:
7980:
7899:
7744:
7590:
7209:
6778:
5821:
5426:
5138:
5081:
5049:
4394:
3647:
1378:
replaced Stockwell's older, unpublished classification. Further taxonomic changes are from papers by Soleglad et al. (2005).
2294:) to the heart; the blood is re-oxygenated by cardiac pores. The mesosoma also contains the reproductive system. The female
2290:. The heart is continuous with a deep arterial system which spreads throughout the body. Sinuses return deoxygenated blood (
8981:
2438:. This was discovered in the early 1960s when scorpions were found to be among the few animals to survive nuclear tests at
6564:
4371:
3668:
8352:
7856:
6579:
6021:"The Grasshopper Mouse and Bark Scorpion: Evolutionary Biology Meets Pain Modulation and Selective Receptor Inactivation"
576:
like modern terrestrial species. Over 100 fossil species of scorpion have been described. The oldest found as of 2021 is
6838:"Anaphylaxis to Scorpion Antivenin and its Management Following Envenomation by Indian Red Scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus"
3617:
3557:
with the back arched and one or both legs pointing forward over the head in the manner of the scorpion's tail is called
9076:
8281:
7424:
5590:
4494:
3940:
8109:
4993:
Gherghel, I.; Sotek, A.; Papes, M.; Strugariu, A.; Fusu, L. (2016). "Ecology and Biogeography of the Endemic Scorpion
8042:
5252:"The ultrastructure of book lung development in the bark scorpion Centruroides gracilis (Scorpiones: Buthidae) - PMC"
2806:. The period before the first molt is called the pro-juvenile stage; the young are unable to feed or sting, but have
314:
and a narrow, segmented tail, often carried in a characteristic forward curve over the back and always ending with a
6610:
Monge-NĂĄjera, J. (2019). "Scorpion Body Size, Litter Characteristics, and Duration of the Life Cycle (Scorpiones)".
469:
9041:
8916:
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1983:, and mountain tops. The highest altitude reached by a scorpion is 5,500 meters (18,000 ft) in the Andes, for
7480:
668:, sometimes called sea scorpions, though they were not all marine, are not scorpions; their grasping pincers were
9007:
8929:
6002:
5691:
5347:
Knowlton, Elizabeth D.; Gaffin, Douglas D. (2011). "Functionally Redundant Peg Sensilla on the Scorpion Pecten".
2353:
5301:
5041:
1898:, have in the past had small populations of introduced scorpions, but they were exterminated. Five colonies of
38:
7300:
6713:
3136:
Scorpions are eaten by people in West Africa, Myanmar and East Asia. Fried scorpion is traditionally eaten in
8989:
7947:
4707:
2630:
specializes on burrowing spiders. Prey size depends on the size of the species. Several scorpion species are
2298:
are made of three or four tubes that run parallel to each other and are connected by two to four transverse
2194:"keels" or "carinae" on the pedipalp segments and on other parts of the body; these are useful as taxonomic
1089:
844:
3745:"Exploring the Evolution and Terrestrialization of Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) with Rocks and Clocks"
3743:
Howard, Richard J.; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Legg, David A.; Pisani, Davide; Lozano-Fernandez, Jesus (2019).
3579:
2445:
Desert scorpions have several adaptations for water conservation. They excrete insoluble compounds such as
2240:
1757:
1719:
1704:
8846:
8833:
7943:
4812:
3685:
5851:"A 'Striking' Relationship: Scorpion Defensive Behaviour and its Relation to Morphology and Performance"
2662:, and a relatively inactive lifestyle. This enables some to survive six to twelve months of starvation.
326:
but have adapted to a wide range of environmental conditions, and can be found on all continents except
6688:
5581:
Schofield, R. M. S. (2001). "Metals in cuticular structures". In Brownell, P. H.; Polis, G. A. (eds.).
3680:
172:
8851:
8206:
6682:
Gaffinr, Douglas D.; Bumm, Lloyd A.; Taylor, Matthew S.; Popokina, Nataliya V.; Mann, Shivani (2012).
2790:
which has a teat-like structure for them to feed through. Unlike the majority of arachnids, which are
484:
9046:
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7269:
4167:
3401:
2992:
2681:
Most scorpions reproduce sexually, with male and female individuals; species in some genera, such as
2279:
2183:
897:
31:
17:
6195:"Scorpion Sheds 'Tail' to Escape: Consequences and Implications of Autotomy in Scorpions (Buthidae:
4024:
6124:"Choose your Weapon: Defensive Behavior is Associated with Morphology and Performance in Scorpions"
2980:
2364:
with zinc, hardening the tip. The optimal stinging angle is around 30 degrees relative to the tip.
2122:
748:
6765:
Buma, Adriaan Hopperus; Burris, David G.; Hawley, Alan; Ryan, James M.; Mahoney, Peter F. (2009).
5937:
1414:
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717:
502:
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7471:
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3531:
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2968:
2701:
2372:
2024:
1900:
7718:
6766:
5416:
4560:
4509:
4342:
4195:
1851:(134 spp.) (closely related to and sometimes placed in Scorpionidae, but have spine on telson)
1040:
9028:
7970:
7377:
7020:
Dehesa-DĂĄvila, Manuel; Possani, Lourival D. (1994). "Scorpionism and Serotherapy in Mexico".
6067:) as a Predator of Scorpions: Whispering Echolocation, Passive Gleaning and Prey Selection".
5128:
5033:
4029:
3957:
3474:, the scorpion with its powerful stinger has been used to provide a name for weapons. In the
3190:
2979:. Scorpion envenomation with high morbidity and mortality is usually due to either excessive
2960:
2920:
2779:
2695:
2631:
2519:
2462:
2339:
2271:
1929:
1797:
1642:
1607:
1572:
1560:
1419:
1402:
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Arachnides for spiders, scorpions, and acari (mites and ticks), though it also contained the
1355:
1339:
1319:
9020:
8968:
7326:
Lachenmeier, Dirk W.; Anh, Pham Thi Hoang; Popova, Svetlana; Rehm, JĂŒrgen (11 August 2009).
6892:
Feola, A.; Perrone, M. A.; Piscopo, A.; Casella, F.; Della Pietra, B.; Di Mizio, G. (2020).
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1629:
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5862:
4256:
4091:
4038:
3969:
3900:
3855:
3804:
2764:
2541:
When threatened, a scorpion raises its claws and tail in a defensive posture. Some species
2416:
572:. Whether the early scorpions were marine or terrestrial has been debated, though they had
565:
357:. They use their pincers to restrain and kill prey, or to prevent their own predation. The
138:
7791:
7736:
7726:
7514:
6735:
4760:
4450:
2490:
can whip its tail at a speed of up to 128 cm/s (50 in/s) in a defensive strike.
8:
8077:
7578:
7238:
6894:"Autopsy Findings in Case of Fatal Scorpion Sting: A Systematic Review of the Literature"
4967:
3527:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3329:
3324:
3288:
2626:
2286:
The mesosoma contains the heart or "dorsal vessel" which is the center of the scorpion's
2050:
1910:
404:
147:
7823:
7033:
6214:
6139:
5974:
5866:
4866:
4830:
4451:"High-level Systematics and Phylogeny of the Extant Scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)"
4260:
4095:
4042:
3973:
3904:
3859:
3808:
3007:
of scorpions in the world, some 200,000 envenomations per year and at least 300 deaths.
2654:
in the pre-oral cavity and ejected. The sucked-in food is pumped into the midgut by the
9071:
8338:
8114:
7699:
7654:
7354:
7327:
7201:
7169:
7134:
7107:
7072:
6961:"Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects of Scorpionism in the World: A Systematic Review"
6920:
6893:
6866:
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6705:
6494:
6425:
6408:
6246:
6233:
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6158:
6123:
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6020:
5994:
5929:
5634:
5607:
5514:
5380:
5278:
5251:
5014:
4726:
4692:
4679:
4220:
4112:
4079:
3993:
3537:
The scorpion has served as the name or symbol of products and brands including Italy's
3365:
3256:
3196:
3088:
2748:
2435:
2256:
1949:
1887:
1855:
997:. The Iuroidea and Chactoidea are both seen not to be single clades, and are shown as "
673:
335:
167:
8010:
British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793â1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
7760:
6659:
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4902:
778:
9015:
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7071:
Santibåñez-López, Carlos; Francke, Oscar; Ureta, Carolina; Possani, Lourival (2015).
7053:
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6664:
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6084:
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5364:
5283:
5134:
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4282:
4274:
4225:
4117:
3997:
3985:
3936:
3913:
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3868:
3839:
3820:
3776:
3411:
3381:
3117:
3072:
2515:
2218:
1915:
1677:
1664:
1060:
408:
6709:
6498:
6336:
6319:
6250:
6096:
5998:
5763:
5742:
5554:
5533:
5518:
5384:
5018:
4561:"Contributions to Scorpion Systematics. I. On Recent Changes in High-level Taxonomy"
875:
8825:
8747:
7885:
7646:
7349:
7339:
7328:"The Quality of Alcohol Products in Vietnam and Its Implications for Public Health"
7197:
7164:
7146:
7102:
7084:
7037:
6972:
6915:
6905:
6861:
6851:
6697:
6654:
6525:
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6420:
6331:
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6218:
6153:
6143:
6076:
6032:
5978:
5921:
5870:
5768:
5758:
5700:
5629:
5619:
5549:
5506:
5418:
Evolutionary Developmental Biology of Invertebrates 3: Ecdysozoa I: Non-Tetraconata
5356:
5273:
5263:
5006:
4688:
4301:
4264:
4215:
4207:
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4148:
4107:
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3908:
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3479:
3463:
3428:
3233:
3137:
3084:
3080:
3064:
3048:
2839:
2807:
2783:
2635:
2596:
2466:
2195:
1972:
1846:
1449:
1386:
1370:
1056:
8838:
6701:
5510:
4390:
4136:
3639:
8877:
7828:
6223:
6148:
3690:
3471:
3455:
3369:
3308:
3076:
2712:
2127:
2019:
2010:
1968:
1744:
1690:
1668:
1461:
584:
304:
8994:
7151:
4269:
4244:
4134:
3322:
One of the earliest occurrences of the scorpion in culture is its inclusion, as
2832:
2646:
then sucked into the gut in liquid form. Any solid indigestible matter (such as
1784:
490:
8924:
8911:
8752:
8656:
8646:
8641:
8501:
8476:
8411:
7690:
Meyer, Michael (2005). "Diamond in the Rough: Steinbeck's Multifaceted Pearl".
7629:[Flowery Trade Routes: East-Western forays into the footsteps of the fable
7549:
7518:
4103:
3816:
3761:
3744:
3483:
3406:
3361:
3337:
3296:
3273:
3068:
3044:
2988:
2928:
2886:
2882:
2689:
2659:
2639:
2473:
2361:
2015:
1924:
1859:
1842:
1815:(92 spp.) (flattened, crevice-living scorpions of Southeast Asia and Australia)
1810:
1793:
1731:
1727:
1655:
1523:
1433:
1382:
1333:
967:
892:
857:
681:
653:
531:
424:
392:
358:
124:
6977:
6910:
6080:
5360:
4491:
Revision of the Phylogeny and Higher Classification of Scorpions (Chelicerata)
3423:
2778:
in scorpions can last for over a year in some species. They have two types of
9065:
7890:
7623:"Blumenreiche Handelswege: Ost-westliche StreifzĂŒge auf den Spuren der Fabel
7160:
7098:
7049:
6986:
6856:
6641:
Stachel, Shawn J.; Stockwell, Scott A.; Van Vranken, David L. (August 1999).
6434:
6345:
5368:
4911:
4875:
4839:
4577:
4278:
4211:
3989:
3780:
3676:
3558:
3542:
3459:
3349:
3312:
3109:
3097:
2856:
2535:
2527:
2323:
2199:
2131:
2033:
1919:
1883:
1768:
1367:
1324:
1256:
1146:
990:
578:
407:. A classical myth about Scorpius tells how the giant scorpion and its enemy
311:
87:
8325:
8264:
7909:
7639:
Deutsche Vierteljahrsschrift fĂŒr Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte
5982:
5875:
5850:
5534:"Fine Structural Analysis of the Stinger in Venom Apparatus of the Scorpion
3705:
3606:
3466:
has one or both legs pointing forward over the head, like a scorpion's tail.
2670:
8796:
8682:
8211:
8119:
7363:
7178:
7116:
6994:
6929:
6875:
6668:
6490:
6242:
6192:
6167:
6088:
6046:
5990:
5643:
5376:
5287:
5268:
4286:
4229:
4121:
3824:
3507:
3503:
3445:
3437:
3032:
3004:
2976:
2941:
2869:
Scorpions glow a vibrant blue-green when exposed to certain wavelengths of
2787:
2538:
of scorpions gives them resistance to infection by many types of bacteria.
1993:
1829:
1819:
1780:
1651:
1625:
1556:
1424:
1036:
998:
982:
677:
593:
536:
513:
463:
362:
350:
7344:
7089:
7057:
6530:
6513:
6063:
Holderied, M.; Korine, C.; Moritz, T. (2010). "Hemprich's Long-eared Bat (
5712:
4051:
3482:
was a torsion siege engine used to shoot a projectile. The British Army's
1660:(170 spp.) (harmless scorpions of the Americas, Eurasia, and North Africa)
1519:(1209 spp.) (thick-tailed scorpions, including the most dangerous species)
1261:
279:
8950:
8805:
8669:
8633:
8386:
6810:
5848:
5704:
3396:
3292:
3184:
3121:
3093:
3040:
3016:
3012:
2996:
2947:
2916:
2911:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2744:
2683:
2647:
2592:
2390:
2357:
2311:
2299:
2274:. They serve as openings for the scorpion's respiratory organs, known as
2171:
2139:
2005:
1891:
1568:
1331:
in 1758 and 1767; three of these are now considered valid and are called
772:
730:
712:
699:
665:
641:
621:
588:
from the Devonian is among the earliest-known terrestrial animals on the
378:
374:
370:
214:
156:
62:
37:"Scorpion tail" and "scorpion's tail" redirect here. For other uses, see
8321:
American Museum of Natural History - Scorpion Systematics Research Group
7703:
7396:
5849:
Coelho, P.; Kaliontzopoulou, A.; Rasko, M.; van der Meijden, A. (2017).
3771:
8742:
8560:
8419:
8037:(reprint of the 1957 ed.). Naval Institute Press. pp. 78â79.
7650:
7466:
5933:
5773:
5662:
4730:
3981:
3718:
3546:
3495:
3491:
3475:
3417:
3141:
3113:
3101:
3060:
3036:
2972:
2795:
2620:
2548:
2542:
2499:
2315:
2275:
2083:
2001:
1939:
1879:
1806:
1762:(21 spp.) (scorpions with a large tooth on inner side of moveable claw)
1740:
1700:
1603:
1540:
1514:
1502:
1345:
1231:
1188:
986:
811:
669:
661:
649:
645:
613:
428:
366:
354:
327:
252:
107:
72:
8864:
8320:
6941:
6939:
6836:
Bhoite, R. R.; Bhoite, G. R.; Bagdure, D. N.; Bawaskar, H. S. (2015).
6565:"Reproduction in Scorpions, with Special Reference to Parthenogenesis"
5624:
1397:
1150:
8955:
8898:
8601:
8538:
8484:
8449:
8432:
8380:
8326:
CDC â Insects and Scorpions â NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
8082:
7922:
7732:
6481:
6464:
5010:
3883:
KĂŒhl, G.; Bergmann, A.; Dunlop, J.; Garwood, R. J.; Rust, J. (2012).
3499:
3420:
3364:, a warrior's shield sometimes carried a scorpion device, as seen in
3341:
3162:
3153:
3105:
2984:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2847:
2791:
2775:
2769:
2720:
2612:
2585:
2564:
2503:
2454:
2431:
2427:
2386:
2291:
2252:
2190:
2175:
2126:
of Scorpionidae. The body of a scorpion is divided into two parts or
1905:
1833:
1772:
1638:
1615:
1498:
1363:
1351:
1085:
974:
792:
743:
689:
637:
617:
573:
391:
Scorpions appear in art, folklore, mythology, and commercial brands.
297:
204:
184:
112:
56:
8767:
7128:
7126:
6514:"Pre- and Post-parturial Aspects of Scorpion Reproduction: a Review"
5925:
3307:'s powers to combat evil. In Muslim folklore, the scorpion portrays
3120:
drugs. As of 2020, no scorpion toxin-based drug is for sale, though
2759:
8942:
8903:
8859:
8790:
8526:
8361:
8330:
7796:
7073:"Scorpions from Mexico: From Species Diversity to Venom Complexity"
7070:
6936:
6683:
5130:
Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in the Tropics and Sub-tropics
3844:(Whitfield): Integrating Data from Palaeozoic and Recent Scorpions"
3345:
3316:
3251:
3180:
3167:
2711:
have been reported, not necessarily reliably, to reproduce through
2616:
2569:
2531:
2507:
2446:
2395:
2264:
2260:
2232:
2223:
2163:
2159:
2147:
2143:
2142:. The opisthosoma is subdivided into a broad anterior portion, the
2075:
2069:
2063:
2044:
1997:
1956:
1715:
1510:
1407:
1205:
1123:
994:
597:
589:
561:
557:
541:
519:
400:
319:
300:
237:
224:
128:
102:
97:
82:
77:
67:
7604:
7602:
6364:
6324:
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
6122:
van der Meijden, A.; Coelho, P. L.; Sousa, P.; Herrel, A. (2013).
5751:
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
5542:
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
3955:
2983:
and cardiovascular toxic effects, or neuromuscular toxic effects.
2498:
Scorpions may be attacked by other arthropods like ants, spiders,
1577:(51 spp.) (South and Southeast Asian scorpions of non-arid places)
8568:
7332:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
7123:
3373:
3357:
3304:
3056:
2803:
2655:
2600:
2511:
2450:
2439:
2307:
2248:
2244:
2203:
2179:
2135:
2099:
2057:
2029:
1964:
1895:
1789:(158 spp.) (Southern hemisphere tropical and temperate scorpions)
1753:
1673:(1 sp.) (cave scorpions of Mexico and Southwestern United States)
1482:
1471:
978:
870:
676:
with the pincers (second appendages) of scorpions. Scorpiones is
385:
339:
331:
315:
152:
117:
92:
7191:
6121:
5038:
Scorpions: Everything About Purchase, Care, Feeding, and Housing
4077:
3889:
Lehmann, 1944 from the Lower Devonian HunsrĂŒck Slate of Germany"
3287:
The scorpion is a culturally significant animal, appearing as a
2727:
The pair then make contact using their pedipalps, and perform a
2210:. Depending on the species, the legs may have spines and spurs.
1802:(16 spp.) (rock, creeping, or tree scorpions of the Middle East)
373:
harden, transporting them on her back. The exoskeleton contains
8513:
8374:
7599:
7218:
6957:
5743:"Selection of Environmental Temperature by the Yellow Scorpion
5492:
3583:
3538:
3389:
3353:
3218:
3125:
2991:
when there is neuromuscular involvement. Although rare, severe
2815:
2716:
2604:
2346:
2334:
2319:
2303:
2236:
2167:
2105:
2089:
1976:
1960:
989:. The scorpions diversified between the Devonian and the early
685:
553:
549:
432:
346:
323:
194:
6388:
5830:
5793:
4942:
4192:
3055:
Scorpion venom is a mixture of neurotoxins; most of these are
3027:
2751:
after mating has only been reported anecdotally in scorpions.
310:. They have eight legs and are easily recognized by a pair of
8890:
8614:
7719:"Between the sign of the scorpion and the sign of the cross:
6739:
6174:
5888:
5886:
5122:
5120:
5105:
4341:
Burmeister, Carl Hermann C.; Shuckard, W. E. (trans) (1836).
4135:
Magnani, Fabio; Stockar, Rudolf; Lourenço, Wilson R. (2022).
3838:
Dunlop, Jason A.; Tetlie, O. Erik; Prendini, Lorenzo (2008).
3669:
3550:
3385:
3300:
3278:
2728:
2478:
2458:
2295:
2207:
1980:
1359:
807:
633:
569:
396:
334:, with 22 extant (living) families recognized to date. Their
160:
7064:
4170:. University of California Museum of Paleontology Berkeley.
2927:
Scorpion venom serves to kill or paralyze prey rapidly. The
2114:
Scorpions range in size from the 8.5 mm (0.33 in)
582:, which lived during the Silurian, in present-day Scotland.
8674:
8207:"Kathryn Budig Challenge Pose: Scorpion in Forearm Balance"
6835:
6640:
6103:
4992:
3487:
3377:
3165:
sand for burrowing desert species. Scorpions in the genera
3158:
2651:
2608:
2523:
1904:
have established themselves since the late 19th century in
1647:(209 spp.) (New World scorpions, membership under revision)
657:
656:, alongside terrestrial animals without book lungs such as
8159:
1954 a shield was added, as symbol of victory and passion;
6891:
6465:"Reproductive System of Female Scorpion: A Partial Review"
6376:
6352:
6257:
5883:
5781:
5650:
5476:
5474:
5459:
5127:
Chakravarthy, Akshay Kumar; Sridhara, Shakunthala (2016).
5117:
4242:
7447:(1st ed.). May Selçuk A. S. "Motifs", before page 1.
7013:
6829:
6681:
5741:
Hoshino, K.; Moura, A. T. V.; De Paula, H. M. G. (2006).
5605:
5095:
5093:
4302:"Scorpions (Arachnida, Scorpiones) Described by Linnaeus"
3882:
3742:
2345:
The "tail" or metasoma consists of five segments and the
2306:
formation and embryonic development. They connect to two
2251:, somites 3 to 7 are armored with matching plates called
1532:(17 spp.) (African scorpions of humid forest leaf litter)
30:
This article is about the arthropod. For other uses, see
8110:"USS Scorpion (SSN 589) May 27, 1968 â 99 Men Lost"
7972:
British Battle Tanks: British-made Tanks of World War II
7325:
6622:
6296:
6058:
6056:
5608:"A biomechanical view on stinger diversity in scorpions"
5606:
van der Meijden, Arie; Kleinteich, Thomas (April 2017).
4930:
3704:
3612:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
3344:; in astronomy the corresponding constellation is named
2923:, one of the few species whose venom is deadly to humans
640:(those with book lungs). Arachnida is placed within the
7132:
6446:
6444:
6320:"Parthenogenesis in Scorpions: Some History â New Data"
5585:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 234â256.
5562:
5471:
5171:
4604:
4602:
4508:
Soleglad, Michael E.; Fet, Victor; KovaĆĂk, F. (2005).
3738:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3728:
2794:, hatching from eggs, scorpions seem to be universally
1963:, but they can be found in virtually every terrestrial
5447:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5328:
5159:
5090:
2461:
and waxes from epidermal glands, and protects against
2170:, commonly called claws or pincers) and four pairs of
2146:
or pre-abdomen, and a narrow tail-like posterior, the
1423:, the Vietnam forest scorpion, a member of the family
7495:
6634:
6062:
6053:
4299:
4078:
Schoenemann, B.; Poschmann, M.; Clarkson ENK (2019).
2465:. Even when dehydrated, a scorpion can tolerate high
2255:. The ventral side of somite 1 has a pair of genital
985:
as sister to a clade consisting of Scorpionoidea and
7019:
6771:
Conflict and Catastrophe Medicine: A Practical Guide
6764:
6643:"The Fluorescence of Scorpions and Cataractogenesis"
6441:
5740:
5340:
5195:
5126:
4997:(Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae): a Multiscale Analysis".
4599:
4300:
Fet, V.; Braunwalder, M. E.; Cameron, H. D. (2002).
3837:
3725:
2862:
The mother glows bright teal, the young a dull grey.
2510:
include frogs, lizards, snakes, birds, and mammals.
2120:
of Typhlochactidae, to the 23 cm (9.1 in)
1696:(11 spp.) (cave-related scorpions of Eastern Mexico)
1634:(3 spp.) (cave-related scorpions of Southern Europe)
592:
supercontinent. Some Palaeozoic scorpions possessed
411:
became constellations on opposite sides of the sky.
6409:"Sexual Cannibalism in Scorpions: Fact or Fiction?"
6025:
The Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education
5391:
5231:
5219:
5207:
5183:
4673:Benton, T. G. (1992). "The Ecology of the Scorpion
3426:made symbolic use of scorpions in his 1930 classic
3282:
flatweave carpets, for protection from their sting.
684:, a terrestrial group of pulmonates containing the
7196:(2nd ed.). Academic Press. pp. 423â429.
6951:
6538:
4507:
4340:
3011:scorpion activity. Control may involve the use of
2591:Scorpions generally prey on insects, particularly
2322:-based structures which come together to form the
1890:by humans, and have now established a population.
1686:(4 spp.) (cave-related scorpions of South America)
403:is the name of a constellation; the corresponding
318:. The evolutionary history of scorpions goes back
5953:
4236:
2715:, in which unfertilized eggs develop into living
2270:The next four somites, 3 to 6, all bear pairs of
2226:have a comblike structure in an inverted V shape.
2036:of rivers in Romania, occupy specialized niches.
2014:, are versatile and are found in all habitats on
1001:" (with quotation marks) in this 2018 cladogram.
9063:
7880:
7878:
5525:
4623:"We track down the UK's biggest scorpion colony"
4510:"The Systematic Position of the Scorpion Genera
3502:, was named the Matilda Scorpion. Several ships
8271:
7608:
7402:
7239:"Scorpions for Breakfast and Snails for Dinner"
7224:
7185:
6945:
6394:
6370:
6180:
5836:
5799:
5668:
5111:
4948:
4798:Johnson, D. L. (2004). "The Northern Scorpion,
4334:
3490:in service from 1972 to 1994. A version of the
3486:was an armored reconnaissance vehicle or light
3276:(two types shown) was often woven into Turkish
2263:. Sternite 2 forms the basal plate bearing the
2239:(segments) of the opisthosoma are each covered
1967:including high-elevation mountains, caves, and
1838:(183 spp.) (burrowing or pale-legged scorpions)
1366:, Myriapoda and parasites such as lice. German
1327:described six species of scorpion in his genus
7438:
7436:
6887:
6885:
5747:Lutz & Mello, 1922 (Scorpiones, Buthidae)"
5408:
5346:
4864:
4773:Norwegian University of Science and Technology
4309:Bulletin of the British Arachnological Society
3711:The Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science
1358:divided up the "Insecta aptera", creating the
624:of modern scorpions had emerged by this time.
8346:
8173:"Retrospective: 1974â1977 Montesa Cota 247-T"
7962:
7875:
7571:
6684:"Scorpion Fluorescence and Reaction to Light"
6308:
4811:. Biological Survey of Canada. Archived from
3793:
1878:Scorpions are found on all continents except
440:
338:is being revised to account for 21st-century
8066:(11). Cleveland, Ohio: 1. 10 September 1896.
7460:
7458:
7456:
7454:
6609:
5497:Paraxial Organ (Scorpiones, Euscorpiidae)".
5072:Shultz, Stanley; Shultz, Marguerite (2009).
5071:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4501:
4385:
4383:
3930:
1873:
482:, with no native IE etymology (cfr. Arabic
369:and the female cares for the young as their
8198:
7932:
7857:"The Scorpion King: Sword of Osiris Review"
7433:
6882:
6807:"Diseases and Conditions â Scorpion Stings"
6574:. Aarhus University Press. pp. 74â76.
6400:
5904:
5499:Invertebrate Reproduction & Development
4558:
4448:
3840:"Reinterpretation of the Silurian Scorpion
2894:
1621:(1 sp.) (cave-dwelling scorpions of Israel)
476:
467:
456:
448:
8353:
8339:
7916:
7620:
6555:
6553:
5816:. Princeton University Press. p. 33.
5531:
5060:, to be the largest scorpion in the world
4559:Fet, Victor; Soleglad, Michael E. (2005).
4449:Soleglad, Michael E.; Fet, Victor (2003).
4418:"Illustrated Catalog of Scorpions, Part I"
3022:
2802:until they have gone through at least one
278:
137:
8290:
8204:
8170:
7451:
7353:
7343:
7298:
7168:
7150:
7135:"Scorpion Venom: Detriments and Benefits"
7106:
7088:
6976:
6919:
6909:
6865:
6855:
6658:
6628:
6529:
6480:
6424:
6413:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
6382:
6358:
6335:
6263:
6232:
6222:
6157:
6147:
6109:
6036:
5892:
5874:
5787:
5772:
5762:
5683:"Water Relations of the Desert Scorpion,
5656:
5633:
5623:
5580:
5568:
5553:
5480:
5465:
5414:
5277:
5267:
5177:
4954:
4648:"Critter of the Week The Pseudoscorpion!"
4518:Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Scorpionoidea)"
4488:
4380:
4268:
4219:
4111:
4050:
3912:
3867:
3770:
3760:
3448:films and video games have been entitled
3440:'s last collection of poems was entitled
3380:sent a giant scorpion to kill the hunter
2434:. Scorpions appear to have resistance to
2430:when the temperature drops. Some species
1749:(9 spp.) (large North American scorpions)
1470:(1 sp.) (Central Asian scorpions of semi-
1406:, the striped bark scorpion, a member of
1389:(numbers of species in parentheses) are:
399:carpets for protection from their sting.
8272:Stockmann, Roland; Ythier, Eric (2010).
8007:
7968:
7464:
7194:Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides
6843:Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine
6559:
6314:
6018:
4165:
3454:
3392:as symbols of danger and maliciousness.
3026:
2915:
2758:
2754:
2669:
2579:
2493:
2472:
2371:
2333:
2217:
2043:
1413:
1396:
530:
501:
8205:Anon; Budig, Kathryn (1 October 2012).
7884:
7577:
6965:Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
6773:(2nd ed.). Springer. p. 518.
6550:
6511:
6505:
6462:
6406:
4900:
4828:
4797:
4415:
4376:(in German). C. H. Zeh. pp. 86â92.
3360:, was often depicted as a scorpion. In
3083:ions. These channels are essential for
2400:females and young sometimes aggregate.
2356:, which contains a symmetrical pair of
977:of the scorpions has been debated, but
14:
9064:
8171:Salvadori, Clement (17 January 2019).
8032:
7789:
7267:
7236:
6728:
6275:
5811:
5680:
5249:
4705:
4672:
4620:
4322:from the original on 26 September 2020
3926:
3924:
3706:"The Scottish Silurian Scorpion"
3702:
3047:shown). This blocks small-conductance
1825:(1 sp.) (burrowing scorpions of India)
8772:
8771:
8731:
8399:
8334:
8240:
8086:. London. 31 August 1910. p. 5.
7854:
7836:from the original on 16 December 2009
7716:
7689:
7501:
7442:
7414:
7249:from the original on 27 November 2020
6799:
6787:from the original on 25 November 2016
6544:
6450:
6302:
5453:
5402:
5334:
5237:
5225:
5213:
5201:
5189:
5165:
5099:
5056:The Guinness Book of Records claims
5031:
4936:
4740:from the original on 28 February 2008
4608:
4540:from the original on 16 December 2008
4249:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
4059:from the original on 6 September 2013
3935:. Siri Scientific Press. p. 23.
3650:from the original on 15 November 2015
3620:from the original on 22 November 2020
3175:are docile enough to handle. A large
2302:. These tubes are the sites for both
596:similar to those of eurypterids. The
8930:38794eba-f75a-4e78-8181-a7b97dd21dd6
8360:
7668:from the original on 5 November 2020
7525:from the original on 1 December 2020
7419:. Reaktion Books. pp. 187â189.
7384:from the original on 1 November 2020
6716:from the original on 6 November 2020
6512:Warburg, Michael R. (5 April 2012).
6284:from the original on 8 November 2020
5954:Thornton, A.; McAuliffe, K. (2006).
4805:Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands 10
4758:
4470:from the original on 8 December 2019
4430:from the original on 26 October 2010
4369:
4174:from the original on 23 October 2020
4022:
3885:"Redescription and Palaeobiology of
3340:. This was then taken up by western
2999:to scorpion antivenin are possible.
2267:, which function as sensory organs.
2189:The pedipalp is a segmented, clawed
1996:, scorpions may be ground-dwelling,
1918:, at 52°N. A few species are on the
8080:. Naval and Military Intelligence.
7556:from the original on 3 October 2020
7544:attrib. to "The Achilles Painter".
7280:from the original on 13 August 2020
6817:from the original on 4 October 2016
6570:. In Toft, S.; Scharff, N. (eds.).
6276:Murray, Melissa (3 December 2020).
6069:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
5349:Journal of Comparative Physiology A
4974:from the original on 9 October 2019
4912:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4876:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4840:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4802:, in Southern Alberta, 1983â2003".
4397:from the original on 3 October 2020
4166:Waggoner, B. M. (12 October 1999).
3921:
3749:Organisms Diversity & Evolution
2955:are especially at risk; otherwise,
2575:
24:
7585:. Thames and Hudson. p. 203.
7483:from the original on 16 March 2014
7380:. Amateur Entomologists' Society.
7202:10.1016/B978-0-12-385095-9.00059-2
6426:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01184.x
5898:
5435:from the original on 5 August 2020
5319:"Euscorpius - Marshall University"
5302:"Chelicerata - Prashant P. Sharma"
4968:"The Earthlife Web: The Scorpions"
4779:from the original on 26 April 2018
4693:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1992.tb07484.x
4587:from the original on 26 April 2018
4495:University of California, Berkeley
4004:from the original on 20 April 2021
3931:Dunlop, J. A.; Penney, D. (2012).
3217:Late period bronze figure of Isis-
3124:is being trialled for use against
3035:'s powerful venom contains the 36-
2971:are treated with medications that
2873:light, such as that produced by a
2243:by a sclerotized plate called the
2162:, eyes, chelicerae (mouth parts),
1864:(6 spp.) (scorpions of Madagascar)
620:respectively, indicating that the
25:
9093:
9082:Extant Silurian first appearances
8314:
8219:from the original on 27 June 2020
8183:from the original on 27 June 2020
7989:from the original on 31 July 2020
7863:from the original on 29 June 2020
7804:from the original on 20 June 2015
7543:
7467:"The Scorpion in Muslim Folklore"
7270:"How to Mindfully Eat a Scorpion"
6746:from the original on 29 July 2016
5722:from the original on 6 April 2008
4965:
4865:Deharveng, L.; Bedos, A. (2016).
2969:Cases of very high blood pressure
2048:Scorpion anatomy (dorsal view of
1959:, meaning they primarily live in
1410:, the largest family of scorpions
981:analysis consistently places the
564:deposits, coal deposits from the
330:. There are over 2,500 described
8712:are possibly paraphyletic groups
8164:
8148:from the original on 3 July 2020
8134:
8102:
8090:from the original on 31 May 2021
8070:
8051:
8026:
8001:
7848:
7816:
7783:
7771:from the original on 1 July 2019
7753:
7710:
7683:
7614:
7537:
7507:
7408:
7370:
7319:
7307:from the original on 31 May 2021
7299:Fernquest, Jon (30 March 2016).
7292:
7261:
7237:Forney, Matthew (11 June 2008).
7230:
7001:from the original on 31 May 2021
6758:
6675:
6603:
6591:from the original on 31 May 2021
6019:Thompson, Benjamin (June 2018).
5147:from the original on 31 May 2021
4351:from the original on 31 May 2021
3914:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2012.01152.x
3869:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00749.x
3265:
3243:
3225:
3210:
2855:
2831:
2674:Male and female scorpion during
2158:The cephalothorax comprises the
2153:
1709:(222 spp.) (New World scorpions)
1260:
1149:
1088:
1059:
1039:
896:
874:
843:
815:
777:
747:
716:
526:
171:
60:
7725:. In Kuenzli, Rudolf E. (ed.).
7465:Frembgen, JĂŒrgen Wasim (2004).
6612:Cuadernos de InvestigaciĂłn UNED
6456:
6337:10.1590/S1678-91992008000100003
6269:
6186:
6115:
6012:
5947:
5842:
5805:
5764:10.1590/S1678-91992006000100005
5734:
5692:Journal of Experimental Biology
5674:
5599:
5574:
5555:10.1590/s1678-91992010005000003
5486:
5311:
5294:
5243:
5065:
5025:
4986:
4894:
4858:
4822:
4791:
4752:
4699:
4666:
4640:
4614:
4552:
4482:
4442:
4409:
4373:Ăbersicht des Arachnidensystems
4363:
4293:
4200:Molecular Biology and Evolution
4186:
4159:
4128:
4071:
4016:
3949:
3571:
3549:. A hand- or forearm-balancing
3232:"Scorpion and snake fighting",
2822:
1971:. They are largely absent from
8144:. Museo del marchio italiano.
8142:"The History of Abarth's Logo"
7894:. Thorsons. pp. 386â388.
6518:European Journal of Entomology
5034:"Commonly Available Scorpions"
3876:
3831:
3787:
3696:
3662:
3632:
3599:
3131:
3063:. Many of them interfere with
2611:. Other prey include spiders,
688:and whip scorpions. This 2019
446:, both derived from the Latin
427:between 1175 and 1225 AD from
39:Scorpion tail (disambiguation)
13:
1:
7268:Albers, Susan (15 May 2014).
6702:10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.11.014
6660:10.1016/S1074-5521(99)80085-4
5583:Scorpion Biology and Research
5532:Yigit, N.; Benli, M. (2010).
5511:10.1080/07924259.2008.9652258
3593:
3315:in South Asia, especially in
3260:as "Scorpio", London, c. 1825
2039:
1894:, and some of the islands in
270:
8703:Classification is based on
7761:"Stevie Smith: Bibliography"
7581:(1974). "Stories of Orion".
7042:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90383-2
6224:10.1371/journal.pone.0116639
6149:10.1371/journal.pone.0078955
5074:The Tarantula Keeper's Guide
4621:Nurden, John (5 July 2021).
4489:Stockwell, Scott A. (1989).
4147:(24). Lionel Delaunay: 1â7.
3368:from the 5th century BC. In
3299:is often woven into Turkish
2719:. Receptive females produce
2094:8 = Moveable claw or Tarsus;
627:
612:belong to the modern clades
497:
414:
405:astrological sign is Scorpio
345:Scorpions primarily prey on
27:Predatory order of arachnids
7:
8732:
8563:(shorttailed whipscorpions)
7625:Der Skorpion und der Frosch
7609:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
7403:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
7225:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
7152:10.3390/biomedicines8050118
6946:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
6395:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
6371:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
6181:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
5956:"Teaching in wild meerkats"
5905:Van Staaden, M. J. (1994).
5837:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
5800:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
5669:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
5538:(Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)"
5415:Wanninger, Andreas (2015).
5112:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
4949:Stockmann & Ythier 2010
4416:KovaĆĂk, FrantiĆĄek (2009).
4270:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.003
2329:
2213:
1736:(23 spp.) (hairy scorpions)
1313:
488:'scorpion', Proto-Germanic
287:Native range of Scorpiones
10:
9098:
8400:
8234:
7975:. Bloomsbury. p. 37.
4719:The Journal of Arachnology
4370:Koch, Carl Ludwig (1837).
4153:10.57800/FAUNITAXYS-10(24)
4104:10.1038/s41598-019-53590-8
3817:10.1016/j.zool.2005.06.003
3762:10.1007/s13127-019-00390-7
3670:
3203:
2993:hypersensitivity reactions
2909:
2898:
2385:Most scorpion species are
2367:
2110:12 = Opening of book lungs
1908:in England at 51°N, while
1317:
377:chemicals and glows under
36:
29:
9077:Wenlock first appearances
8780:
8738:
8727:
8699:
8655:
8632:
8613:
8597:
8588:
8550:
8541:(tailless whip scorpions)
8534:
8525:
8509:
8500:
8469:
8442:
8431:
8410:
8406:
8395:
8369:
8247:Stanford University Press
8012:. Seaforth. p. 291.
7790:Wallis, J. Doyle (2004).
7631:The Scorpion and the Frog
6978:10.1016/j.wem.2016.08.003
6911:10.3390/healthcare8030325
6081:10.1007/s00359-010-0608-3
5421:. Springer. p. 105.
5361:10.1007/s00359-011-0650-9
4168:"Eurypterida: Morphology"
3402:The Scorpion and the Frog
2905:
2665:
2650:fragments) is trapped by
2555:Centruroides margaritatus
2108:(anus in previous joint);
1986:Orobothriurus crassimanus
1874:Geographical distribution
1254:
1228:
1202:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1144:
1137:
1120:
1113:
1083:
1054:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1012:
889:
868:
861:
841:
831:
804:
796:
769:
762:
741:
734:
710:
703:
579:Dolichophonus loudonensis
468:
365:. All known species give
286:
277:
265:
260:
168:Scientific classification
166:
145:
136:
48:
32:Scorpion (disambiguation)
8243:The Biology of Scorpions
7969:Fletcher, David (2017).
7944:Jane's Information Group
7728:Dada and Surrealist Film
7717:Weiss, Allen S. (1996).
7698:(2 (Fall 2005)): 42â56.
7405:, pp. 144, 173â177.
7301:"Fried Scorpion Anyone?"
6857:10.4103/0972-5229.164807
5812:Cowles, Jillian (2018).
5681:Hadley, Neil F. (1970).
5671:, pp. 146, 153â154.
5355:(9). Springer: 895â902.
5133:. Springer. p. 60.
5076:. Barron's. p. 23.
5058:Heterometrus swammerdami
4712:(Scorpiones, Chactidae)"
3887:Palaeoscorpius devonicus
3564:
3442:Scorpion and other Poems
3311:. Scorpions are used in
3179:may consume up to three
3051:, immobilizing its prey.
2895:Relationship with humans
2570:shed parts of their tail
2352:The telson includes the
2123:Heterometrus swammerdami
2096:9 = Fixed claw or Manus;
2008:. Some species, such as
552:have been found in many
353:, but some species hunt
6736:"Insects and Scorpions"
6647:Chemistry & Biology
6463:Warburg, M. R. (2010).
5983:10.1126/science.1128727
5876:10.1111/1365-2435.12855
3717:. Plate 19 – via
3686:A GreekâEnglish Lexicon
3161:for forest species, or
3147:
3023:Potential medicinal use
2977:relax the blood vessels
2933:Leiurus quinquestriatus
2901:Human uses of scorpions
2534:and some bacteria. The
2488:Leiurus quinquestriatus
2477:A few scorpions squirt
2407:Leiurus quinquestriatus
2288:open circulatory system
2117:Typhlochactas mitchelli
2022:, while others such as
1381:The extant taxa to the
433:
8274:Scorpions of the World
8118:. 2007. Archived from
8033:Parkes, Oscar (1990).
8008:Winfield, Rif (2008).
7583:The Gods of the Greens
7472:Asian Folklore Studies
6065:Otonycteris hemprichii
5536:Euscorpius mingrelicus
5495:Euscorpius tergestinus
5269:10.1186/1742-9994-8-18
5250:Farley, R. D. (2011).
4999:Journal of Arachnology
4995:Euscorpius carpathicus
4763:Euscorpius flavicaudis
4759:Rein, Jan Ove (2000).
4710:Euscorpius flavicaudis
4706:Benton, T. G. (1991).
4675:Euscorpius flavicaudis
4344:A Manual of Entomology
4212:10.1093/molbev/msab038
3703:Pocock, R. I. (1901).
3467:
3334:Babylonian astronomers
3295:in the Middle East. A
3291:in art, especially in
3052:
2924:
2772:
2702:Liocheles australasiae
2678:
2632:sit-and-wait predators
2588:
2584:Scorpion feeding on a
2482:
2382:
2342:
2314:. Both tubes end in a
2227:
2111:
2025:Euscorpius carpathicus
1914:lives as far north as
1901:Euscorpius flavicaudis
1886:but were accidentally
1823:Bastawade et al., 2005
1427:
1411:
545:
523:
477:
457:
449:
441:
322:. They mainly live in
9029:Paleobiology Database
8422:(microwhip scorpions)
8276:. N. A. P. Editions.
7855:Provo, Frank (2002).
7445:Kilim Catalogue No. 1
7443:Erbek, GĂŒran (1998).
7415:Pryke, L. M. (2016).
7345:10.3390/ijerph6082090
7090:10.3390/toxins8010002
6531:10.14411/eje.2012.018
6469:The Anatomical Record
6280:. Australian Museum.
5032:Rubio, Manny (2000).
4970:. The Earthlife Web.
4708:"The Life History of
4052:10.5733/afin.054.0206
4030:African Invertebrates
3677:Liddell, Henry George
3458:
3319:for scorpion stings.
3191:Androctonus australis
3030:
2921:Arizona bark scorpion
2919:
2899:Further information:
2780:embryonic development
2762:
2755:Birth and development
2696:Centruroides gracilis
2673:
2583:
2520:desert long-eared bat
2494:Mortality and defense
2476:
2463:ultraviolet radiation
2423:Pectinibuthus birulai
2378:Centruroides limpidus
2375:
2340:Arizona bark scorpion
2337:
2221:
2138:, and the abdomen or
2056:1 = Cephalothorax or
2047:
1930:critically endangered
1420:Heterometrus laoticus
1417:
1403:Centruroides vittatus
1400:
1356:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
1340:Androctonus australis
1320:Taxonomy of scorpions
966:Recent studies place
802:Non‑pulmonates
636:within the pulmonate
632:The Scorpiones are a
534:
505:
8925:Fauna Europaea (new)
8604:(hooded tickspiders)
8241:Polis, Gary (1990).
8078:"[untitled]"
7692:The Steinbeck Review
7378:"Scorpion Caresheet"
6572:European Arachnology
6407:Peretti, A. (1999).
6008:on 26 February 2020.
5705:10.1242/jeb.53.3.547
5685:Hadrurus arizonensis
5256:Frontiers in Zoology
4905:Chiromachus ochropus
4901:Gerlach, J. (2014).
4869:Isometrus deharvengi
4829:Gerlach, J. (2014).
4818:on 29 November 2015.
4391:"The Scorpion Files"
4023:Gess, R. W. (2013).
3494:tank, fitted with a
3356:, who protected the
2765:Compsobuthus werneri
2560:Hadrurus arizonensis
2417:Hadrurus arizonensis
2381:in its rocky shelter
1945:Chiromachus ochropus
1935:Isometrus deharvengi
1018: Buthida
566:Carboniferous Period
537:Palaeophonus nuncius
8035:British Battleships
7950:on 21 February 2008
7824:"The Scorpion King"
7792:"Operation Scorpio"
7621:Takeda, A. (2011).
7145:(5). MDPI AG: 118.
7034:1994Txcn...32.1015D
6948:, pp. 163â164.
6561:Lourenço, Wilson R.
6373:, pp. 126â128.
6316:Lourenço, Wilson R.
6305:, pp. 296â298.
6215:2015PLoSO..1016639M
6140:2013PLoSO...878955V
5975:2006Sci...313..227T
5867:2017FuEco..31.1390C
4939:, pp. 251â253.
4800:Paruroctonus boreus
4261:2018MolPE.122...37S
4096:2019NatSR...917797S
4043:2013AfrIn..54..373G
3974:2021Palgy..64..429A
3905:2012Palgy..55..775K
3860:2008Palgy..51..303D
3842:Proscorpius osborni
3809:2006Zool..109....2S
3532:a nuclear submarine
3330:signs of the Zodiac
3116:-potentiating, and
2814:Juvenile stages or
2627:Isometroides vescus
2481:to deter predators.
2082:6 = Mouth parts or
2051:Cheloctonus jonesii
1911:Paruroctonus boreus
556:, including marine
148:Hottentotta tamulus
8477:Pseudoscorpionida
8299:. pp. 25â59.
8115:United States Navy
7651:10.1007/BF03374756
7243:The New York Times
6112:, pp. 38, 45.
5909:Suricata suricatta
5855:Functional Ecology
5612:Journal of Anatomy
5044:. pp. 26â27.
4769:The Scorpion Files
4680:Journal of Zoology
4347:. pp. 613ff.
4084:Scientific Reports
3982:10.1111/pala.12534
3541:racing cars and a
3468:
3366:red-figure pottery
3250:The constellation
3235:Anglo-Saxon Herbal
3197:Pandinus imperator
3128:, a brain cancer.
3089:muscle contraction
3053:
2981:autonomic activity
2925:
2881:chemicals such as
2844:Pandinus imperator
2773:
2749:Sexual cannibalism
2708:Ananteris coineaui
2693:, and the species
2679:
2589:
2483:
2436:ionizing radiation
2383:
2343:
2228:
2222:Ventral view: the
2112:
2062:2 = Preabdomen or
1856:Heteroscorpionidae
1428:
1412:
746:(horseshoe crabs)
546:
544:fossil from Sweden
524:
511:, formerly called
438:, or from Italian
9057:
9056:
9016:Open Tree of Life
8774:Taxon identifiers
8765:
8764:
8761:
8760:
8723:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8695:
8694:
8691:
8690:
8678:
8665:Opilioacariformes
8625:
8605:
8584:
8583:
8580:
8579:
8572:
8564:
8542:
8517:
8496:
8495:
8488:
8480:
8479:(pseudoscorpions)
8461:
8453:
8423:
8306:978-94-007-6403-3
8256:978-0-8047-1249-1
8019:978-1-86176-246-7
7982:978-1-4728-2003-7
7901:978-0-00-714516-4
7886:Iyengar, B. K. S.
7765:Poetry Foundation
7746:978-0-262-61121-3
7592:978-0-500-27048-6
7211:978-0-12-385095-9
6780:978-1-84800-351-4
6475:(10): 1738â1754.
6385:, pp. 49â50.
6361:, pp. 47â50.
6266:, pp. 35â38.
5969:(5784): 227â229.
5943:on 15 March 2016.
5918:Mammalian Species
5895:, pp. 36â37.
5823:978-0-691-17658-1
5814:Amazing Arachnids
5790:, pp. 42â43.
5745:Tityus serrulatus
5659:, pp. 40â41.
5625:10.1111/joa.12582
5468:, pp. 45â46.
5456:, pp. 42â44.
5428:978-3-7091-1865-8
5337:, pp. 13â14.
5168:, pp. 16â17.
5140:978-981-10-1518-2
5102:, pp. 10â11.
5083:978-0-7641-3885-0
5051:978-0-7641-1224-9
4514:Birula, 1903 and
3504:of the Royal Navy
3144:(scorpion wine).
3118:immunosuppressive
3065:membrane channels
3049:chloride channels
2951:spp. People with
2516:grasshopper mouse
1973:boreal ecosystems
1916:Red Deer, Alberta
1863:
1850:
1837:
1824:
1814:
1801:
1788:
1776:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1723:
1708:
1695:
1685:
1678:Troglotayosicidae
1672:
1665:Superstitioniidae
1659:
1646:
1633:
1620:
1611:
1599:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1531:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1310:
1309:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1274:
1273:
1243:
1242:
1217:
1216:
1101:
1100:
1072:
1071:
963:
962:
954:
953:
945:
944:
936:
935:
927:
926:
918:
917:
909:
908:
644:, a subphylum of
320:435 million years
291:
290:
256:
131:
16:(Redirected from
9089:
9050:
9049:
9037:
9036:
9024:
9023:
9011:
9010:
8998:
8997:
8995:NHMSYS0000923534
8985:
8984:
8972:
8971:
8959:
8958:
8946:
8945:
8933:
8932:
8920:
8919:
8907:
8906:
8894:
8893:
8881:
8880:
8868:
8867:
8855:
8854:
8842:
8841:
8829:
8828:
8816:
8815:
8814:
8801:
8800:
8799:
8769:
8768:
8748:Phalangiotarbida
8729:
8728:
8711:
8676:
8630:
8629:
8624:
8623:
8619:
8617:
8603:
8595:
8594:
8591:
8570:
8562:
8540:
8532:
8531:
8515:
8507:
8506:
8486:
8478:
8459:
8451:
8440:
8439:
8435:
8421:
8408:
8407:
8397:
8396:
8355:
8348:
8341:
8332:
8331:
8310:
8287:
8268:
8229:
8228:
8226:
8224:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8190:
8188:
8168:
8162:
8161:
8155:
8153:
8138:
8132:
8131:
8129:
8127:
8122:on 12 March 2008
8106:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8074:
8068:
8067:
8055:
8049:
8048:
8030:
8024:
8023:
8005:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7994:
7966:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7955:
7946:. Archived from
7936:
7930:
7920:
7914:
7913:
7882:
7873:
7872:
7870:
7868:
7852:
7846:
7845:
7843:
7841:
7820:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7809:
7787:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7776:
7757:
7751:
7750:
7714:
7708:
7707:
7687:
7681:
7680:
7675:
7673:
7667:
7636:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7597:
7596:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7563:
7561:
7541:
7535:
7534:
7532:
7530:
7511:
7505:
7499:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7488:
7462:
7449:
7448:
7440:
7431:
7430:
7412:
7406:
7400:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7374:
7368:
7367:
7357:
7347:
7338:(8): 2090â2101.
7323:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7303:. Bangkok Post.
7296:
7290:
7289:
7287:
7285:
7265:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7254:
7234:
7228:
7222:
7216:
7215:
7189:
7183:
7182:
7172:
7154:
7130:
7121:
7120:
7110:
7092:
7068:
7062:
7061:
7028:(9): 1015â1018.
7017:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7006:
6980:
6955:
6949:
6943:
6934:
6933:
6923:
6913:
6889:
6880:
6879:
6869:
6859:
6833:
6827:
6826:
6824:
6822:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6767:"Scorpion sting"
6762:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6751:
6732:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6689:Animal Behaviour
6679:
6673:
6672:
6662:
6638:
6632:
6626:
6620:
6619:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6569:
6557:
6548:
6542:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6509:
6503:
6502:
6484:
6482:10.1002/ar.21219
6460:
6454:
6448:
6439:
6438:
6428:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6368:
6362:
6356:
6350:
6349:
6339:
6312:
6306:
6300:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6273:
6267:
6261:
6255:
6254:
6236:
6226:
6190:
6184:
6178:
6172:
6171:
6161:
6151:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6060:
6051:
6050:
6040:
6016:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6001:. Archived from
5960:
5951:
5945:
5944:
5942:
5936:. Archived from
5915:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5861:(7): 1390â1404.
5846:
5840:
5834:
5828:
5827:
5809:
5803:
5797:
5791:
5785:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5766:
5738:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5721:
5678:
5672:
5666:
5660:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5637:
5627:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5578:
5572:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5490:
5484:
5478:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5389:
5388:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5325:
5323:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5281:
5271:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5124:
5115:
5109:
5103:
5097:
5088:
5087:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5011:10.1636/P14-22.1
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4963:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4923:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4862:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4810:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4739:
4716:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4670:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4618:
4612:
4606:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4592:
4586:
4565:
4556:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4539:
4522:
4505:
4499:
4498:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4455:
4454:(multiple parts)
4446:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4429:
4422:
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4393:. Jan Ove Rein.
4387:
4378:
4377:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4321:
4306:
4297:
4291:
4290:
4272:
4240:
4234:
4233:
4223:
4206:(6): 2446â2467.
4190:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4179:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4132:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4075:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4054:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3933:Fossil Arachnids
3928:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3774:
3764:
3740:
3723:
3722:
3708:
3700:
3694:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3603:
3587:
3575:
3555:yoga as exercise
3510:have been named
3409:'s 1947 novella
3269:
3247:
3229:
3214:
3085:nerve conduction
3069:transport sodium
2859:
2840:emperor scorpion
2835:
2733:promenade Ă deux
2676:promenade Ă deux
2636:mechanoreceptive
2576:Diet and feeding
2467:osmotic pressure
1979:, high-altitude
1969:intertidal zones
1858:
1845:
1832:
1822:
1809:
1796:
1783:
1771:
1756:
1743:
1730:
1718:
1703:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1654:
1641:
1628:
1618:
1606:
1590:
1571:
1559:
1543:
1526:
1513:
1501:
1485:
1464:
1452:
1450:Pseudochactoidea
1436:
1393:Order Scorpiones
1371:Carl Ludwig Koch
1265:
1264:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1153:
1140:
1139:
1116:
1115:
1092:
1063:
1057:Pseudochactoidea
1043:
1030:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1015:
1014:
1005:
1004:
900:
878:
864:
863:
847:
834:
833:
819:
799:
798:
782:
781:
775:(sea scorpions)
765:
764:
751:
737:
736:
720:
706:
705:
696:
695:
508:Allopalaeophonus
480:
473:
472:
460:
454:, equivalent to
452:
444:
436:
312:grasping pincers
282:
251:
238:Arachnopulmonata
176:
175:
141:
123:
122:
59:
52:Temporal range:
46:
45:
21:
9097:
9096:
9092:
9091:
9090:
9088:
9087:
9086:
9062:
9061:
9058:
9053:
9045:
9040:
9032:
9027:
9019:
9014:
9006:
9001:
8993:
8988:
8980:
8975:
8967:
8962:
8954:
8949:
8941:
8936:
8928:
8923:
8915:
8910:
8902:
8897:
8889:
8884:
8876:
8871:
8863:
8858:
8850:
8845:
8837:
8832:
8824:
8819:
8810:
8809:
8804:
8795:
8794:
8789:
8776:
8766:
8757:
8734:
8715:
8709:
8687:
8651:
8621:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8609:
8589:
8576:
8546:
8521:
8492:
8487:(camel spiders)
8465:
8433:
8427:
8402:
8391:
8365:
8359:
8317:
8307:
8293:Scorpion Venoms
8284:
8257:
8237:
8232:
8222:
8220:
8203:
8199:
8186:
8184:
8169:
8165:
8151:
8149:
8140:
8139:
8135:
8125:
8123:
8108:
8107:
8103:
8093:
8091:
8076:
8075:
8071:
8057:
8056:
8052:
8045:
8031:
8027:
8020:
8006:
8002:
7992:
7990:
7983:
7967:
7963:
7953:
7951:
7938:
7937:
7933:
7927:De Architectura
7921:
7917:
7902:
7883:
7876:
7866:
7864:
7853:
7849:
7839:
7837:
7829:Box Office Mojo
7822:
7821:
7817:
7807:
7805:
7788:
7784:
7774:
7772:
7759:
7758:
7754:
7747:
7715:
7711:
7688:
7684:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7634:
7619:
7615:
7607:
7600:
7593:
7576:
7572:
7559:
7557:
7542:
7538:
7528:
7526:
7513:
7512:
7508:
7500:
7496:
7486:
7484:
7463:
7452:
7441:
7434:
7427:
7413:
7409:
7401:
7397:
7387:
7385:
7376:
7375:
7371:
7324:
7320:
7310:
7308:
7297:
7293:
7283:
7281:
7266:
7262:
7252:
7250:
7235:
7231:
7223:
7219:
7212:
7190:
7186:
7131:
7124:
7069:
7065:
7018:
7014:
7004:
7002:
6956:
6952:
6944:
6937:
6890:
6883:
6834:
6830:
6820:
6818:
6805:
6804:
6800:
6790:
6788:
6781:
6763:
6759:
6749:
6747:
6742:. 1 July 2016.
6734:
6733:
6729:
6719:
6717:
6680:
6676:
6639:
6635:
6627:
6623:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6581:978-877934-0015
6567:
6558:
6551:
6543:
6539:
6510:
6506:
6461:
6457:
6449:
6442:
6405:
6401:
6393:
6389:
6381:
6377:
6369:
6365:
6357:
6353:
6313:
6309:
6301:
6297:
6287:
6285:
6274:
6270:
6262:
6258:
6209:(1): e0116639.
6191:
6187:
6179:
6175:
6120:
6116:
6108:
6104:
6061:
6054:
6017:
6013:
6005:
5958:
5952:
5948:
5940:
5926:10.2307/3504085
5913:
5903:
5899:
5891:
5884:
5847:
5843:
5835:
5831:
5824:
5810:
5806:
5798:
5794:
5786:
5782:
5739:
5735:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5679:
5675:
5667:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5604:
5600:
5593:
5579:
5575:
5567:
5563:
5530:
5526:
5491:
5487:
5479:
5472:
5464:
5460:
5452:
5448:
5438:
5436:
5429:
5413:
5409:
5401:
5392:
5345:
5341:
5333:
5329:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5304:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5248:
5244:
5236:
5232:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5188:
5184:
5176:
5172:
5164:
5160:
5150:
5148:
5141:
5125:
5118:
5110:
5106:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5070:
5066:
5052:
5030:
5026:
4991:
4987:
4977:
4975:
4966:Ramel, Gordon.
4964:
4955:
4947:
4943:
4935:
4931:
4921:
4919:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4863:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4827:
4823:
4815:
4808:
4796:
4792:
4782:
4780:
4757:
4753:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4714:
4704:
4700:
4671:
4667:
4657:
4655:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4629:
4619:
4615:
4607:
4600:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4563:
4557:
4553:
4543:
4541:
4537:
4520:
4506:
4502:
4487:
4483:
4473:
4471:
4453:
4447:
4443:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4389:
4388:
4381:
4368:
4364:
4354:
4352:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4241:
4237:
4191:
4187:
4177:
4175:
4164:
4160:
4133:
4129:
4076:
4072:
4062:
4060:
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3929:
3922:
3881:
3877:
3836:
3832:
3792:
3788:
3741:
3726:
3701:
3697:
3691:Perseus Project
3667:
3663:
3653:
3651:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3582:(head) and the
3576:
3572:
3567:
3516:an 18-gun sloop
3472:classical times
3444:. A variety of
3370:Greek mythology
3338:Chaldean period
3309:human sexuality
3283:
3270:
3261:
3257:Urania's Mirror
3248:
3239:
3230:
3221:
3215:
3206:
3150:
3134:
3025:
2989:benzodiazepines
2973:relieve anxiety
2914:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2852:
2851:
2836:
2825:
2757:
2713:parthenogenesis
2668:
2619:and even small
2578:
2496:
2370:
2362:metalloproteins
2332:
2216:
2182:which may be a
2156:
2109:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2088:7 = Pincers or
2087:
2081:
2079:
2073:
2067:
2061:
2055:
2042:
2020:Baja California
2011:Vaejovis janssi
1876:
1871:
1691:Typhlochactidae
1462:Pseudochactidae
1322:
1316:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1259:
1244:
1218:
1102:
1073:
968:pseudoscorpions
964:
955:
946:
937:
928:
919:
910:
776:
654:horseshoe crabs
630:
585:Gondwanascorpio
529:
500:
462:, which is the
417:
395:are woven into
393:Scorpion motifs
250:
170:
132:
121:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
54:
53:
50:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9095:
9085:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9055:
9054:
9052:
9051:
9038:
9025:
9012:
8999:
8986:
8973:
8960:
8947:
8934:
8921:
8912:Fauna Europaea
8908:
8895:
8882:
8869:
8856:
8843:
8830:
8817:
8802:
8786:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8763:
8762:
8759:
8758:
8756:
8755:
8753:Trigonotarbida
8750:
8745:
8739:
8736:
8735:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8713:
8710:Items in green
8707:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8693:
8692:
8689:
8688:
8686:
8685:
8680:
8672:
8667:
8661:
8659:
8657:Parasitiformes
8653:
8652:
8650:
8649:
8647:Trombidiformes
8644:
8642:Sarcoptiformes
8638:
8636:
8627:
8622:(ticks, mites)
8611:
8610:
8608:
8607:
8598:
8592:
8586:
8585:
8582:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8566:
8557:
8555:
8548:
8547:
8545:
8544:
8535:
8529:
8523:
8522:
8520:
8519:
8510:
8504:
8502:Tetrapulmonata
8498:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8490:
8482:
8473:
8471:
8467:
8466:
8464:
8463:
8455:
8446:
8444:
8437:
8429:
8428:
8426:
8425:
8416:
8414:
8412:Incertae sedis
8404:
8403:
8393:
8392:
8390:
8389:
8383:
8377:
8370:
8367:
8366:
8358:
8357:
8350:
8343:
8335:
8329:
8328:
8323:
8316:
8315:External links
8313:
8312:
8311:
8305:
8288:
8283:978-2913688117
8282:
8269:
8255:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8230:
8197:
8177:Rider Magazine
8163:
8133:
8101:
8069:
8050:
8043:
8025:
8018:
8000:
7981:
7961:
7931:
7915:
7900:
7874:
7847:
7815:
7782:
7752:
7745:
7709:
7682:
7645:(1): 124â152.
7613:
7611:, p. 179.
7598:
7591:
7570:
7550:British Museum
7536:
7519:British Museum
7506:
7504:, p. 462.
7494:
7450:
7432:
7426:978-1780236254
7425:
7407:
7395:
7369:
7318:
7291:
7260:
7229:
7227:, p. 147.
7217:
7210:
7184:
7122:
7063:
7012:
6971:(4): 504â518.
6950:
6935:
6881:
6850:(9): 547â549.
6828:
6798:
6779:
6757:
6727:
6696:(2): 429â436.
6674:
6653:(8): 531â539.
6633:
6629:Stockmann 2015
6621:
6602:
6580:
6549:
6537:
6524:(2): 139â146.
6504:
6455:
6453:, p. 161.
6440:
6419:(4): 485â496.
6399:
6397:, p. 129.
6387:
6383:Stockmann 2015
6375:
6363:
6359:Stockmann 2015
6351:
6307:
6295:
6268:
6264:Stockmann 2015
6256:
6185:
6173:
6134:(11): e78955.
6114:
6110:Stockmann 2015
6102:
6075:(5): 425â433.
6052:
6031:(2): R51âR53.
6011:
5946:
5897:
5893:Stockmann 2015
5882:
5841:
5839:, p. 156.
5829:
5822:
5804:
5802:, p. 157.
5792:
5788:Stockmann 2015
5780:
5733:
5699:(3): 547â558.
5673:
5661:
5657:Stockmann 2015
5649:
5618:(4): 497â509.
5598:
5592:978-0195084344
5591:
5573:
5569:Stockmann 2015
5561:
5524:
5485:
5481:Stockmann 2015
5470:
5466:Stockmann 2015
5458:
5446:
5427:
5407:
5390:
5339:
5327:
5310:
5293:
5242:
5230:
5218:
5206:
5204:, p. 342.
5194:
5182:
5178:Stockmann 2015
5170:
5158:
5139:
5116:
5104:
5089:
5082:
5064:
5050:
5024:
4985:
4953:
4951:, p. 151.
4941:
4929:
4893:
4857:
4833:Lychas braueri
4821:
4790:
4751:
4725:(2): 105â110.
4698:
4687:(3): 351â368.
4665:
4654:. 6 April 2018
4639:
4613:
4611:, p. 249.
4598:
4551:
4512:Heteroscorpion
4500:
4493:(PhD thesis).
4481:
4441:
4408:
4379:
4362:
4333:
4315:(4): 176â182.
4292:
4235:
4185:
4158:
4127:
4070:
4037:(2): 373â379.
4015:
3968:(3): 429â474.
3948:
3942:978-0956779540
3941:
3920:
3899:(4): 775â787.
3875:
3854:(2): 303â320.
3830:
3786:
3724:
3695:
3661:
3644:Dictionary.com
3631:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3524:a patrol yacht
3508:of the US Navy
3484:FV101 Scorpion
3434:The Golden Age
3407:John Steinbeck
3362:ancient Greece
3352:, the goddess
3297:scorpion motif
3285:
3284:
3274:scorpion motif
3271:
3264:
3262:
3254:, depicted in
3249:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3149:
3146:
3133:
3130:
3045:ribbon diagram
3024:
3021:
2910:Main article:
2907:
2904:
2896:
2893:
2887:sclerotization
2883:beta-carboline
2861:
2854:
2853:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2756:
2753:
2667:
2664:
2660:metabolic rate
2640:chemoreceptive
2577:
2574:
2495:
2492:
2412:Scorpio maurus
2369:
2366:
2338:Stinger of an
2331:
2328:
2215:
2212:
2200:proprioceptors
2155:
2152:
2041:
2038:
2016:Socorro Island
1955:Scorpions are
1928:is classed as
1925:Lychas braueri
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1852:
1843:Diplocentridae
1839:
1826:
1816:
1803:
1794:Hemiscorpiidae
1790:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1750:
1737:
1728:Caraboctonidae
1712:
1711:
1710:
1697:
1694:Mitchell, 1971
1687:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1583:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1524:Microcharmidae
1520:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1434:Pseudochactida
1429:
1395:
1394:
1334:Scorpio maurus
1318:Main article:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1003:
961:
960:
957:
956:
952:
951:
948:
947:
943:
942:
939:
938:
934:
933:
930:
929:
925:
924:
921:
920:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
903:
902:
893:whip scorpions
888:
885:
884:
881:
880:
867:
862:
860:
858:Tetrapulmonata
854:
853:
850:
849:
840:
832:
830:
826:
825:
822:
821:
803:
797:
795:
789:
788:
785:
784:
768:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
740:
735:
733:
727:
726:
723:
722:
715:(sea spiders)
709:
704:
702:
694:
682:Tetrapulmonata
664:. The extinct
648:that contains
629:
626:
560:and estuarine
528:
525:
499:
496:
425:Middle English
423:originated in
416:
413:
359:venomous sting
289:
288:
284:
283:
275:
274:
263:
262:
258:
257:
245:
241:
240:
235:
228:
227:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
164:
163:
143:
142:
134:
133:
125:Early Silurian
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
51:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9094:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9069:
9067:
9060:
9048:
9043:
9039:
9035:
9030:
9026:
9022:
9017:
9013:
9009:
9004:
9000:
8996:
8991:
8987:
8983:
8978:
8974:
8970:
8965:
8961:
8957:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8900:
8896:
8892:
8887:
8883:
8879:
8874:
8870:
8866:
8861:
8857:
8853:
8848:
8844:
8840:
8835:
8831:
8827:
8822:
8818:
8813:
8807:
8803:
8798:
8792:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8783:
8779:
8775:
8770:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8740:
8737:
8730:
8726:
8708:
8706:
8705:Shultz (2007)
8702:
8701:
8698:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8658:
8654:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8639:
8637:
8635:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8612:
8606:
8600:
8599:
8596:
8593:
8587:
8573:
8571:(vinegaroons)
8567:
8565:
8559:
8558:
8556:
8554:
8551:Thelyphonida
8549:
8543:
8537:
8536:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8524:
8518:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8499:
8489:
8483:
8481:
8475:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8462:
8456:
8454:
8448:
8447:
8445:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8430:
8424:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8409:
8405:
8398:
8394:
8388:
8384:
8382:
8378:
8376:
8372:
8371:
8368:
8363:
8356:
8351:
8349:
8344:
8342:
8337:
8336:
8333:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8318:
8308:
8302:
8298:
8294:
8289:
8285:
8279:
8275:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8252:
8248:
8244:
8239:
8238:
8218:
8214:
8213:
8208:
8201:
8194:
8182:
8178:
8174:
8167:
8160:
8147:
8143:
8137:
8121:
8117:
8116:
8111:
8105:
8089:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8073:
8065:
8061:
8060:Marine Review
8054:
8046:
8044:1-55750-075-4
8040:
8036:
8029:
8021:
8015:
8011:
8004:
7988:
7984:
7978:
7974:
7973:
7965:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7935:
7928:
7924:
7919:
7911:
7907:
7903:
7897:
7893:
7892:
7891:Light on Yoga
7887:
7881:
7879:
7862:
7858:
7851:
7835:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7819:
7803:
7799:
7798:
7793:
7786:
7770:
7766:
7762:
7756:
7748:
7742:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7729:
7724:
7722:
7713:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7686:
7679:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7641:(in German).
7640:
7632:
7628:
7626:
7617:
7610:
7605:
7603:
7594:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7567:
7555:
7551:
7547:
7540:
7524:
7520:
7516:
7510:
7503:
7498:
7482:
7479:(1): 95â123.
7478:
7474:
7473:
7468:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7455:
7446:
7439:
7437:
7428:
7422:
7418:
7411:
7404:
7399:
7383:
7379:
7373:
7365:
7361:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7337:
7333:
7329:
7322:
7306:
7302:
7295:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7264:
7248:
7244:
7240:
7233:
7226:
7221:
7213:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7195:
7188:
7180:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7153:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7129:
7127:
7118:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7082:
7078:
7074:
7067:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7016:
7000:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6970:
6966:
6962:
6954:
6947:
6942:
6940:
6931:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6895:
6888:
6886:
6877:
6873:
6868:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6849:
6845:
6844:
6839:
6832:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6802:
6786:
6782:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6761:
6745:
6741:
6737:
6731:
6715:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6699:
6695:
6691:
6690:
6685:
6678:
6670:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6637:
6631:, p. 54.
6630:
6625:
6618:(2): 101â104.
6617:
6613:
6606:
6587:
6583:
6577:
6573:
6566:
6562:
6556:
6554:
6546:
6541:
6532:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6508:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6474:
6470:
6466:
6459:
6452:
6447:
6445:
6436:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6403:
6396:
6391:
6384:
6379:
6372:
6367:
6360:
6355:
6347:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6304:
6299:
6283:
6279:
6272:
6265:
6260:
6252:
6248:
6244:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6204:
6200:
6198:
6189:
6183:, p. 90.
6182:
6177:
6169:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6118:
6111:
6106:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6059:
6057:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6015:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5919:
5912:
5910:
5901:
5894:
5889:
5887:
5877:
5872:
5868:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5833:
5825:
5819:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5796:
5789:
5784:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5748:
5746:
5737:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5686:
5677:
5670:
5665:
5658:
5653:
5645:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5602:
5594:
5588:
5584:
5577:
5571:, p. 30.
5570:
5565:
5556:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5528:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5500:
5496:
5489:
5483:, p. 47.
5482:
5477:
5475:
5467:
5462:
5455:
5450:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5411:
5405:, p. 15.
5404:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5358:
5354:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5331:
5320:
5314:
5303:
5297:
5289:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5246:
5240:, p. 74.
5239:
5234:
5228:, p. 20.
5227:
5222:
5216:, p. 12.
5215:
5210:
5203:
5198:
5192:, p. 38.
5191:
5186:
5180:, p. 26.
5179:
5174:
5167:
5162:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5132:
5131:
5123:
5121:
5114:, p. 76.
5113:
5108:
5101:
5096:
5094:
5085:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5061:
5059:
5053:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5028:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4973:
4969:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4950:
4945:
4938:
4933:
4918:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4906:
4897:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4872:
4870:
4861:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4834:
4825:
4814:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4794:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4764:
4755:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4724:
4720:
4713:
4711:
4702:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4677:in England".
4676:
4669:
4653:
4649:
4643:
4628:
4624:
4617:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4583:
4579:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4562:
4555:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4527:
4519:
4517:
4513:
4504:
4496:
4492:
4485:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4452:
4445:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4375:
4374:
4366:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4337:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4239:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4189:
4173:
4169:
4162:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4131:
4123:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4105:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4074:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4019:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3962:Palaeontology
3959:
3952:
3944:
3938:
3934:
3927:
3925:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3893:Palaeontology
3890:
3888:
3879:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3848:Palaeontology
3845:
3843:
3834:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3699:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3681:Scott, Robert
3678:
3674:
3665:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3619:
3615:
3614:, 5th Edition
3613:
3608:
3602:
3598:
3585:
3581:
3574:
3570:
3562:
3560:
3559:Scorpion pose
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3530:in 1910, and
3529:
3525:
3521:
3520:a turret ship
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3465:
3461:
3460:Scorpion pose
3457:
3453:
3451:
3450:Scorpion King
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3350:ancient Egypt
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:folk medicine
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3213:
3208:
3207:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3110:antiparasitic
3107:
3103:
3099:
3098:antibacterial
3095:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2902:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2858:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2820:
2817:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2677:
2672:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2587:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2544:
2539:
2537:
2536:immune system
2533:
2529:
2528:scuttle flies
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2327:
2325:
2324:spermatophore
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2259:covering the
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2220:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:Cephalothorax
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2132:cephalothorax
2129:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2091:
2085:
2077:
2074:4 = Claws or
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2037:
2035:
2034:littoral zone
2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:microhabitats
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1920:IUCN Red List
1917:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:Great Britain
1881:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1769:Scorpionoidea
1766:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1368:arachnologist
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1325:Carl Linnaeus
1321:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1257:Scorpionoidea
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1183:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1147:Bothriuroidea
1142:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1118:
1117:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
992:
991:Carboniferous
988:
984:
980:
976:
973:The internal
971:
969:
959:
958:
950:
949:
941:
940:
932:
931:
923:
922:
914:
913:
905:
904:
901:
899:
894:
887:
886:
883:
882:
879:
877:
872:
866:
865:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
846:
839:
836:
835:
828:
827:
824:
823:
820:
818:
813:
809:
801:
800:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
783:
780:
774:
767:
766:
760:
759:
756:
755:
752:
750:
745:
739:
738:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
721:
719:
714:
708:
707:
701:
698:
697:
693:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
610:
605:
604:
599:
595:
594:compound eyes
591:
587:
586:
581:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
543:
539:
538:
533:
527:Fossil record
521:
517:
515:
510:
509:
504:
495:
493:
492:
487:
486:
481:
479:
471:
466:of the Greek
465:
461:
459:
453:
451:
445:
443:
437:
435:
430:
426:
422:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:invertebrates
348:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:
302:
299:
295:
285:
281:
276:
273:
272:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
246:
243:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
180:
179:
174:
169:
165:
162:
158:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
135:
130:
126:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
58:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
9059:
8781:
8683:Mesostigmata
8552:
8470:Haplocnemata
8457:
8452:(harvestmen)
8443:Stomothecata
8292:
8273:
8242:
8221:. Retrieved
8212:Yoga Journal
8210:
8200:
8192:
8185:. Retrieved
8176:
8166:
8157:
8150:. Retrieved
8136:
8124:. Retrieved
8120:the original
8113:
8104:
8092:. Retrieved
8081:
8072:
8063:
8059:
8053:
8034:
8028:
8009:
8003:
7991:. Retrieved
7971:
7964:
7952:. Retrieved
7948:the original
7934:
7926:
7918:
7889:
7865:. Retrieved
7859:. GameSpot.
7850:
7838:. Retrieved
7827:
7818:
7806:. Retrieved
7795:
7785:
7773:. Retrieved
7764:
7755:
7727:
7720:
7712:
7695:
7691:
7685:
7677:
7670:. Retrieved
7642:
7638:
7630:
7624:
7616:
7582:
7573:
7565:
7558:. Retrieved
7539:
7527:. Retrieved
7509:
7497:
7485:. Retrieved
7476:
7470:
7444:
7416:
7410:
7398:
7386:. Retrieved
7372:
7335:
7331:
7321:
7309:. Retrieved
7294:
7282:. Retrieved
7273:
7263:
7251:. Retrieved
7242:
7232:
7220:
7193:
7187:
7142:
7139:Biomedicines
7138:
7080:
7076:
7066:
7025:
7021:
7015:
7003:. Retrieved
6968:
6964:
6953:
6901:
6897:
6847:
6841:
6831:
6819:. Retrieved
6801:
6789:. Retrieved
6770:
6760:
6748:. Retrieved
6730:
6718:. Retrieved
6693:
6687:
6677:
6650:
6646:
6636:
6624:
6615:
6611:
6605:
6593:. Retrieved
6571:
6547:, p. 6.
6540:
6521:
6517:
6507:
6472:
6468:
6458:
6416:
6412:
6402:
6390:
6378:
6366:
6354:
6327:
6323:
6310:
6298:
6286:. Retrieved
6271:
6259:
6206:
6202:
6196:
6188:
6176:
6131:
6127:
6117:
6105:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6028:
6024:
6014:
6003:the original
5966:
5962:
5949:
5938:the original
5920:(483): 1â8.
5917:
5908:
5900:
5858:
5854:
5844:
5832:
5813:
5807:
5795:
5783:
5757:(1): 59â66.
5754:
5750:
5744:
5736:
5724:. Retrieved
5696:
5690:
5684:
5676:
5664:
5652:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5582:
5576:
5564:
5548:(1): 76â86.
5545:
5541:
5535:
5527:
5505:(2): 77â90.
5502:
5498:
5494:
5488:
5461:
5449:
5439:11 September
5437:. Retrieved
5417:
5410:
5352:
5348:
5342:
5330:
5313:
5296:
5259:
5255:
5245:
5233:
5221:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5173:
5161:
5151:11 September
5149:. Retrieved
5129:
5107:
5073:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5037:
5027:
5005:(1): 88â91.
5002:
4998:
4994:
4988:
4976:. Retrieved
4944:
4932:
4920:. Retrieved
4916:
4910:
4904:
4896:
4884:. Retrieved
4880:
4874:
4868:
4860:
4848:. Retrieved
4844:
4838:
4832:
4824:
4813:the original
4804:
4799:
4793:
4781:. Retrieved
4768:
4762:
4754:
4742:. Retrieved
4722:
4718:
4709:
4701:
4684:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4656:. Retrieved
4651:
4642:
4630:. Retrieved
4626:
4616:
4589:. Retrieved
4572:(31): 1â13.
4567:
4554:
4542:. Retrieved
4530:
4524:
4515:
4511:
4503:
4490:
4484:
4472:. Retrieved
4463:
4457:
4444:
4432:. Retrieved
4411:
4399:. Retrieved
4372:
4365:
4353:. Retrieved
4343:
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4312:
4308:
4295:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4203:
4199:
4188:
4176:. Retrieved
4161:
4144:
4140:
4130:
4090:(1): 17797.
4087:
4083:
4073:
4061:. Retrieved
4034:
4028:
4018:
4006:. Retrieved
3965:
3961:
3951:
3932:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3878:
3851:
3847:
3841:
3833:
3800:
3796:
3789:
3772:10261/217081
3755:(1): 71â86.
3752:
3748:
3714:
3710:
3698:
3684:
3664:
3652:. Retrieved
3643:
3634:
3622:. Retrieved
3610:
3601:
3573:
3536:
3511:
3469:
3449:
3446:martial arts
3441:
3438:Stevie Smith
3433:
3427:
3410:
3400:
3394:
3328:, in the 12
3323:
3321:
3286:
3277:
3255:
3234:
3195:
3189:
3176:
3173:Heterometrus
3172:
3166:
3151:
3135:
3059:, chains of
3054:
3033:deathstalker
3013:insecticides
3009:
3005:biodiversity
3001:
2946:
2942:Centruroides
2940:
2936:
2932:
2926:
2891:
2868:
2843:
2823:Fluorescence
2813:
2800:
2788:diverticulum
2774:
2768:female with
2763:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2726:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2644:
2625:
2593:grasshoppers
2590:
2568:species can
2563:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2540:
2497:
2487:
2484:
2444:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2394:
2384:
2376:
2358:venom glands
2351:
2344:
2285:
2269:
2229:
2206:and sensory
2188:
2172:walking legs
2166:(which have
2157:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2068:3 = Tail or
2049:
2023:
2009:
1991:
1984:
1975:such as the
1954:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1909:
1899:
1877:
1830:Scorpionidae
1820:Rugodentidae
1781:Bothriuridae
1767:Superfamily
1714:Superfamily
1652:Euscorpiidae
1626:Belisariidae
1602:Superfamily
1557:Chaeriloidea
1555:Superfamily
1530:, 1996, 2019
1497:Superfamily
1448:Superfamily
1425:Scorpionidae
1418:
1401:
1380:
1376:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1255:
1229:
1203:
1186:
1145:
1121:
1084:
1055:
1037:Chaeriloidea
1035:
1008:
999:paraphyletic
983:Bothriuridae
972:
965:
890:
869:
842:
837:
805:
770:
742:
711:
692:summarizes:
631:
607:
603:Protochactas
601:
583:
577:
547:
535:
514:Palaeophonus
512:
506:
489:
483:
475:
464:romanization
455:
447:
439:
431:
420:
418:
390:
383:
371:exoskeletons
363:sperm packet
344:
307:
293:
292:
267:
266:
247:
231:
146:
43:
8951:iNaturalist
8806:Wikispecies
8670:Holothyrida
8634:Acariformes
8590:Acaromorpha
8561:Schizomida
8460:(scorpions)
8458:Scorpiones
8420:Palpigradi
8387:Chelicerata
8385:Subphylum:
8152:16 November
7954:16 November
7929:, X:10:1â6.
7735:. pp.
7579:Kerényi, C.
7529:10 December
7388:19 November
7253:23 February
6811:Mayo Clinic
6595:14 December
6288:13 December
6278:"Scorpions"
5774:11449/68851
5726:30 December
4922:10 December
4886:10 December
4850:10 December
4658:5 September
4632:5 September
4627:Kent Online
3803:(1): 2â13.
3528:a destroyer
3424:Luis Buñuel
3336:during the
3293:Islamic art
3185:Cannibalism
3183:each week.
3132:Consumption
3122:chlorotoxin
3094:anti-cancer
3061:amino acids
3041:chlorotoxin
3017:pyrethroids
2997:anaphylaxis
2961:symptomatic
2948:Androctonus
2937:Hottentotta
2912:Scorpionism
2879:fluorescent
2875:black light
2871:ultraviolet
2850:light blue.
2838:This black
2745:mating plug
2737:arbre droit
2731:called the
2684:Hottentotta
2648:exoskeleton
2621:vertebrates
2442:, Algeria.
2391:crepuscular
2312:spermatozoa
2300:anastomoses
2140:opisthosoma
2102:or Aculeus;
2006:sand-loving
2002:rock-loving
1998:tree-loving
1992:As regards
1942:(2016) and
1892:New Zealand
1569:Chaerilidae
1354:. In 1801,
1348:carpathicus
891:Pedipalpi (
829:pulmonates
773:Eurypterida
731:Prosomapoda
713:Pycnogonida
700:Chelicerata
666:Eurypterida
650:sea spiders
642:Chelicerata
622:crown group
609:Protobuthus
522:of Scotland
518:, from the
379:ultraviolet
375:fluorescent
355:vertebrates
215:Chelicerata
211:Subphylum:
157:Maharashtra
55:435â0
9066:Categories
8839:Scorpiones
8826:Scorpiones
8812:Scorpiones
8782:Scorpiones
8602:Ricinulei
8539:Amblypygi
8485:Solifugae
8450:Opiliones
8381:Arthropoda
8094:2 December
7940:"Scorpion"
7721:L'Age d'or
7672:9 December
7502:Polis 1990
7311:7 December
7005:8 December
6904:(3): 325.
6898:Healthcare
6545:Polis 1990
6451:Polis 1990
6303:Polis 1990
5454:Polis 1990
5403:Polis 1990
5335:Polis 1990
5238:Polis 1990
5226:Polis 1990
5214:Polis 1990
5202:Polis 1990
5190:Polis 1990
5166:Polis 1990
5100:Polis 1990
4937:Polis 1990
4744:16 January
4609:Polis 1990
4569:Euscorpius
4526:Euscorpius
4459:Euscorpius
4434:22 January
4355:20 October
4326:20 October
4178:20 October
4141:Faunitaxys
3719:Wikisource
3654:7 December
3640:"Scorpion"
3624:7 December
3607:"Scorpion"
3594:References
3553:in modern
3547:motorcycle
3545:scrambler
3514:including
3492:Matilda II
3476:Roman army
3429:L'Age d'or
3418:surrealist
3142:snake wine
3114:bradykinin
3102:antifungal
3037:amino acid
2995:including
2945:spp., and
2848:fluoresces
2796:viviparous
2743:female. A
2721:pheromones
2613:solifugids
2549:Parabuthus
2543:stridulate
2504:centipedes
2500:solifugids
2316:spermiduct
2276:book lungs
2196:characters
2084:Chelicerae
2040:Morphology
1950:vulnerable
1940:endangered
1888:introduced
1880:Antarctica
1807:Hormuridae
1741:Hadruridae
1701:Vaejovidae
1619:Levy, 2007
1604:Chactoidea
1586:Parvorder
1541:Chaerilida
1539:Parvorder
1515:C. L. Koch
1503:C. L. Koch
1481:Parvorder
1432:Parvorder
1346:Euscorpius
1232:Chactoidea
1189:Chactoidea
1009:Scorpiones
987:Chactoidea
873:(spiders)
838:Scorpiones
812:harvestmen
674:homologous
670:chelicerae
662:harvestmen
646:Arthropoda
614:Chactoidea
574:book lungs
429:Old French
367:live birth
349:and other
328:Antarctica
308:Scorpiones
253:C. L. Koch
248:Scorpiones
205:Arthropoda
9072:Scorpions
8743:Haptopoda
8527:Pedipalpi
8516:(spiders)
8434:Dromopoda
8362:Arachnida
8083:The Times
7923:Vitruvius
7840:4 January
7733:MIT Press
7659:170169337
7560:24 August
7487:12 August
7161:2227-9059
7099:2072-6651
7050:0041-0101
6987:1080-6032
6435:0024-4066
6346:1678-9199
6197:Ananteris
5369:0340-7594
4578:1536-9307
4466:: 1â175.
4401:15 August
4279:1055-7903
4255:: 37â45.
4063:28 August
3998:234812878
3990:1475-4983
3781:1439-6092
3534:in 1960.
3526:in 1898,
3522:in 1863,
3518:in 1803,
3498:to clear
3436:), while
3421:filmmaker
3412:The Pearl
3342:astrology
3317:antidotes
3238:, c. 1050
3163:lateritic
3154:terrarium
3106:antiviral
3073:potassium
2985:Antivenom
2965:analgesia
2957:first aid
2953:allergies
2877:, due to
2792:oviparous
2784:follicles
2776:Gestation
2586:solifugid
2565:Ananteris
2532:nematodes
2508:predators
2455:uric acid
2432:hibernate
2428:trehalose
2387:nocturnal
2292:hemolymph
2272:spiracles
2253:sternites
2249:Ventrally
2191:appendage
2184:primitive
2176:esophagus
2164:pedipalps
2080:5 = Legs;
2076:Pedipalps
1957:xerocoles
1906:Sheerness
1860:Kraepelin
1834:Latreille
1773:Latreille
1732:Kraepelin
1639:Chactidae
1616:Akravidae
1499:Buthoidea
1474:habitats)
1364:Thysanura
1352:Myriapoda
1234:" (part)
1208:" (part)
1191:" (part)
1126:" (part)
1086:Buthoidea
975:phylogeny
793:Arachnida
744:Xiphosura
690:cladogram
638:Arachnida
628:Phylogeny
618:Buthoidea
548:Scorpion
498:Evolution
494:'crab').
442:scorpione
419:The word
415:Etymology
342:studies.
301:arachnids
298:predatory
294:Scorpions
261:Families
225:Arachnida
191:Kingdom:
185:Eukaryota
49:Scorpions
18:Scorpions
8860:BugGuide
8791:Wikidata
8675:Ixodida
8569:Uropygi
8514:Araneae
8379:Phylum:
8375:Animalia
8373:Kingdom
8297:Springer
8265:18991506
8217:Archived
8181:Archived
8146:Archived
8088:Archived
7987:Archived
7910:51315708
7888:(1991).
7861:Archived
7834:Archived
7802:Archived
7797:DVD Talk
7769:Archived
7704:41581982
7663:Archived
7554:Archived
7546:"Pelike"
7523:Archived
7515:"Serqet"
7481:Archived
7417:Scorpion
7382:Archived
7364:19742208
7305:Archived
7278:Archived
7274:HuffPost
7247:Archived
7179:32408604
7117:26712787
7083:(1): 2.
6999:Archived
6995:27912864
6930:32899951
6876:26430342
6815:Archived
6785:Archived
6744:Archived
6714:Archived
6710:17041988
6669:10421760
6586:Archived
6563:(2000).
6499:25391120
6491:20687160
6318:(2008).
6282:Archived
6251:17870490
6243:25629529
6203:PLOS ONE
6168:24236075
6128:PLOS ONE
6097:25692517
6089:21086132
6047:30057511
5999:11490465
5991:16840701
5717:Archived
5644:28028798
5519:84763256
5433:Archived
5385:22123929
5377:21647695
5288:21791110
5145:Archived
5042:Barron's
5019:87325752
4972:Archived
4777:Archived
4735:Archived
4582:Archived
4535:Archived
4533:: 1â38.
4516:Urodacus
4468:Archived
4425:Archived
4395:Archived
4349:Archived
4317:Archived
4287:29366829
4230:33565584
4172:Archived
4122:31780700
4057:Archived
4008:20 April
4002:Archived
3825:16386884
3671:ÏÎșÎżÏÏÎŻÎżÏ
3648:Archived
3618:Archived
3616:. 2016.
3580:cephalon
3512:Scorpion
3388:and the
3346:Scorpius
3252:Scorpius
3181:crickets
3177:Pandinus
3168:Pandinus
3138:Shandong
3081:chloride
3057:peptides
3039:peptide
3015:such as
3003:highest
2617:woodlice
2601:termites
2597:crickets
2512:Meerkats
2506:. Major
2447:xanthine
2396:Hadrurus
2330:Metasoma
2308:oviducts
2280:lamellae
2265:pectines
2261:gonopore
2257:opercula
2241:dorsally
2233:anterior
2224:pectines
2214:Mesosoma
2204:bristles
2160:carapace
2148:metasoma
2144:mesosoma
2070:Metasoma
2064:Mesosoma
1952:(2014).
1932:(2014),
1716:Iuroidea
1682:Lourenço
1630:Lourenço
1592:Soleglad
1545:Soleglad
1528:Lourenço
1511:Buthidae
1487:Soleglad
1438:Soleglad
1408:Buthidae
1314:Taxonomy
1206:Iuroidea
1124:Iuroidea
995:Jurassic
600:fossils
598:Triassic
590:Gondwana
562:Devonian
558:Silurian
542:Silurian
520:Silurian
478:skorpĂos
474: â
470:ÏÎșÎżÏÏÎŻÎżÏ
458:scorpius
434:scorpion
421:scorpion
401:Scorpius
336:taxonomy
271:Taxonomy
201:Phylum:
195:Animalia
181:Domain:
8733:Extinct
8677:(ticks)
8235:Sources
8223:25 June
8187:25 June
8126:9 April
7993:27 June
7867:24 June
7808:19 June
7355:2738875
7284:29 July
7170:7277529
7108:4728524
7058:7801335
7030:Bibcode
7022:Toxicon
6921:7551928
6867:4578200
6791:5 March
6750:15 July
6234:4309614
6211:Bibcode
6159:3827323
6136:Bibcode
6038:6057761
5971:Bibcode
5963:Science
5934:3504085
5863:Bibcode
5713:5487163
5635:5345679
5279:3199777
4978:8 April
4783:13 June
4731:3705658
4591:7 April
4544:13 June
4474:13 June
4257:Bibcode
4221:8136511
4113:6882788
4092:Bibcode
4039:Bibcode
3970:Bibcode
3901:Bibcode
3856:Bibcode
3805:Bibcode
3797:Zoology
3689:at the
3543:Montesa
3480:scorpio
3374:Artemis
3358:Pharaoh
3325:Scorpio
3305:dervish
3204:Culture
3077:calcium
2963:, with
2816:instars
2808:suckers
2717:embryos
2656:pharynx
2605:beetles
2451:guanine
2440:Reggane
2368:Biology
2354:vesicle
2245:tergite
2237:somites
2186:trait.
2180:ganglia
2136:prosoma
2128:tagmata
2100:Stinger
2058:Prosoma
2032:to the
2030:endemic
1965:habitat
1961:deserts
1896:Oceania
1854:Family
1841:Family
1828:Family
1818:Family
1805:Family
1792:Family
1779:Family
1758:Thorell
1754:Iuridae
1752:Family
1745:Stahnke
1739:Family
1726:Family
1720:Thorell
1705:Thorell
1699:Family
1689:Family
1676:Family
1669:Stahnke
1663:Family
1650:Family
1637:Family
1624:Family
1614:Family
1567:Family
1522:Family
1509:Family
1483:Buthida
1472:savanna
1460:Family
1329:Scorpio
1111:Iurida
979:genomic
895:, etc)
871:Araneae
814:, etc)
686:spiders
680:to the
568:and in
550:fossils
516:hunteri
491:*krabbĂŽ
450:scorpio
386:percent
381:light.
347:insects
340:genomic
332:species
324:deserts
316:stinger
303:of the
244:Order:
221:Class:
153:Mangaon
129:present
9047:509933
9034:243100
9021:511964
8904:1SCORO
8797:Q19125
8401:Extant
8364:orders
8303:
8280:
8263:
8253:
8041:
8016:
7979:
7908:
7898:
7775:1 July
7743:
7702:
7657:
7633:]
7589:
7423:
7362:
7352:
7208:
7177:
7167:
7159:
7115:
7105:
7097:
7077:Toxins
7056:
7048:
6993:
6985:
6928:
6918:
6874:
6864:
6821:3 July
6777:
6720:18 May
6708:
6667:
6578:
6497:
6489:
6433:
6344:
6249:
6241:
6231:
6166:
6156:
6095:
6087:
6045:
6035:
5997:
5989:
5932:
5820:
5711:
5642:
5632:
5589:
5517:
5425:
5383:
5375:
5367:
5286:
5276:
5262:: 18.
5137:
5080:
5048:
5017:
4729:
4576:
4285:
4277:
4228:
4218:
4120:
4110:
3996:
3988:
3939:
3823:
3779:
3584:thorax
3539:Abarth
3478:, the
3470:Since
3390:Talmud
3354:Serket
3219:Serket
3126:glioma
2939:spp.,
2929:stings
2906:Stings
2705:, and
2690:Tityus
2666:Mating
2558:, and
2459:lipids
2453:, and
2347:telson
2320:chitin
2304:oocyte
2296:gonads
2235:seven
2168:chelae
2130:: the
2106:Telson
2090:Chelae
1977:tundra
1862:, 1905
1849:, 1880
1847:Karsch
1836:, 1802
1813:, 1896
1811:Laurie
1800:, 1893
1798:Pocock
1787:, 1880
1775:, 1802
1760:, 1876
1747:, 1974
1734:, 1905
1722:, 1876
1707:, 1876
1684:, 1998
1671:, 1940
1658:, 1896
1656:Laurie
1645:, 1893
1643:Pocock
1632:, 1998
1610:, 1893
1608:Pocock
1598:, 2003
1594:&
1588:Iurida
1575:, 1893
1573:Pocock
1563:, 1893
1561:Pocock
1551:, 2003
1547:&
1517:, 1837
1505:, 1837
1493:, 2003
1489:&
1468:, 1998
1466:Gromov
1456:, 1998
1454:Gromov
1444:, 2003
1440:&
1387:family
1343:, and
678:sister
672:, not
554:strata
485:Êaqrab
255:, 1837
9042:WoRMS
8982:82713
8969:10570
8964:IRMNG
8956:48894
8917:15440
8616:Acari
7700:JSTOR
7666:(PDF)
7655:S2CID
7635:(PDF)
6740:NIOSH
6706:S2CID
6589:(PDF)
6568:(PDF)
6495:S2CID
6330:(1).
6247:S2CID
6093:S2CID
6006:(PDF)
5995:S2CID
5959:(PDF)
5941:(PDF)
5930:JSTOR
5914:(PDF)
5720:(PDF)
5515:S2CID
5381:S2CID
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