Education in Australia

3196: 382: 390: 2003:, developmental disabilities or social/emotional disturbance, or who are in custody, on remand or in hospital. Special schools may be specifically designed, staffed and resourced to provide appropriate special education for children with additional needs. Students attending special schools generally do not attend any classes in mainstream schools. The schools cater for students with mild, moderate and profound intellectual disabilities, deaf and hard of hearing students, students with Autism and students with a physical disability. Class sizes at specialist schools are smaller than at mainstream schools, and there is a much lower ratio of teaching and support staff to students. Some specialist schools also have therapists on staff. Specialist schools generally already have an accessible environment and curriculum for their student population; this may mean that there are limited subjects on offer. 1262:. In practice, the bishop assigns a Catholic Education Office (CEO), Catholic Education Commission, Catholic Schools Offices, or a similar body with daily operational responsibility for the leadership, efficient operation, and management of the Catholic systemic schools which educate in parish primary and regional secondary schools in Australia. These diocesan bodies are charged with the implementation and management of the policies of the diocese and the allocation and administration of the funds provided by the government and private sources to Catholic systemic schools, as well as the financial responsibilities for the administration of salaries for staff members. 938: 3259:

the student bodies of Australian universities. International education, therefore, represents one of the country's largest exports and has a pronounced influence on the country's demographics, with a significant proportion of international students remaining in Australia after graduation on various skill and employment visas. The Australian onshore international education sector is predicted to rise to 940,000 by 2025. The biggest source markets for onshore international learner enrolments in 2025 are expected to be China, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Nepal, Malaysia, Brazil and South Korea. According to a 2016 report by

2640:(CRICOS) and, as of 2018, there were 396 school providers with an overall approved capacity of 88,285 students. While Australia as an education destination showed strong and sustained growth over many years, as of June 2019, school-based education fell by three per cent for the year, and represented approximately three per cent of all international student enrolments, with tertiary education, vocational education and training, and English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS) accounting for 93 per cent of all enrolments and recording 21 per cent annual growth. 1283: 605: 906: 1190: 922: 2096:

year-levels upward to Year 11. All applicants are required to sit the Academic Selective Entrance Test and possibly complete combined interviews, auditions and/or workshops depending on the program(s) applied for. The programs are categorised into three strands: academic, language, and arts. Eighteen government schools participate in the Gifted and Talented Programs, each specialising in one of the strands. All participating schools are partially selective and partially local intake, except for

37: 675: 3363: 552:, fifteen senior secondary subjects across English, Mathematics, Science, History and Geography were endorsed between 2012 and 2013. The Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority has mandated the achievement standards that describe the quality of learning (including the depth of understanding, the extent of knowledge, and the sophistication of skill) expected of students who have studied the content for each subject. 3349: 435: 3051:, is taught alongside English. The method has proven effective against reducing the drop-out rate, and in 2020 eight students were the first in their community to graduate year 12 with scores enabling them to attend university. Yirrkala School and its sister school, Laynhapuy Homelands School, are now being looked to as models for learning in remote traditional communities. Areyonga School, in 2714:. The Australian education system has suffered from the years of minimisation of funding, too often relying upon the full fee paying students from abroad across all levels of education, to prop up the short falls created by funding cuts. International full fee paying students, from primary school right through to Australia's universities have shown a slow decline in education standards. 3316:(PISA) evaluation in 2006 ranked the Australian education system as sixth for reading, eighth for science and thirteenth for mathematics, on a worldwide scale including 56 countries. The PISA evaluation in 2009 ranked the Australian education system as sixth for reading, seventh for science and ninth for mathematics, an improvement relative to the 2006 rankings. In 2012, education firm 2585:. The tests are designed to be carried out on the same days across Australia in any given year. Parents can decide whether their children take the test or not. The vast majority of Year 3, 5, 7 and 9 students participate. One of the aims of NAPLAN is to prepare young children for competitive examinations. 2665:

have both concluded that increasing school funding above a basic level has little effect on student proficiency. Instead, they both recommend greater autonomy. That is, the states should merely monitor the performance of the schools. Individual principals should have full authority and responsibility

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is highly competitive, with approximately 3,600 places offered to the 15,000 students who sit the Selective High School Test. As of 2019 there were 47 fully or partially selective government high schools, including 17 fully selective high schools (some of which are co-educational and others provide a

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has grown from 18th-century foundations to be the second-biggest provider of school-based education in Australia. As of 2018, one in five Australian students attended Catholic schools. There are over 1,700 Catholic schools in Australia with more than 750,000 students enrolled, employing almost 60,000

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is offered for children ages three to five; attendance numbers vary widely between the states, but 85.7% of children attended preschool the year before school. The year before a child is due to attend primary school is the main year for preschool education. This year is far more commonly attended and

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The academic year in Australia varies between States and institutions; however, it generally runs from late January/early February until early/mid-December for primary and secondary schools, with slight variations in the inter-term holidays and TAFE colleges, and from late February until mid-November

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Australia has the highest ratio of international students per head of population in the world by a large margin, with 812,000 international students enrolled in the nation's universities and vocational institutions in 2019. Accordingly, in 2019, international students represented on average 26.7% of

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The majority of single-sex schools in Australia are non-government schools, heavily weighted towards private schools, some of which are Catholic private schools. Some Catholic systemic schools are also single-sex schools; however, like government schools, the overwhelming majority are co-educational

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Government schools are run by the respective state government agency. They offer free education; however, many government schools ask parents to pay a contribution fee and a materials and services charge for stationery, textbooks, sports, uniforms, school camps and other schooling costs that are not

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are schools that have classes from both primary and secondary year levels. These schools may be located in an urban, regional or rural area and can be government or non-government schools. As of 2019 there were approximately 500 Australian combined government schools and approximately 850 Australian

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Australia is a leading global provider of education to international students, and in 2012 was ranked as the third-largest provider of international education after the United States and the United Kingdom. Australia has the highest ratio of international students per head of population in the world

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studying Diploma or above in order to receive a qualification or further skills and training. A higher education provider is a body that is established or recognised by or under the law of the Australian Government, a State, the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory. VET providers,

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classes of no more than 30 minutes per week per student, during lunchtime or in the hour before or after usual school hours. In Western Australia, both special religious education (not part of the general curriculum) and general religious education (as part of the general curriculum) are offered in

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and, if approved, deliver approved religious instruction programs in government schools. In Victoria, legislation prescribes that government schools must not promote any particular religious practice, denomination or sect, and must be open to adherents of any philosophy, religion or faith. However,

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to describe a government school that, while a part of the state education system, was granted a higher degree of decision-making authority than a regular government school. A similar reform was introduced in Queensland and, as of December 2018, 250 government schools commenced as independent public

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are relatively uncommon. Students progress from primary school to secondary school. As an alternative to the middle school model, some secondary schools divided their grades into "junior high school" (Years 7, 8, 9 and 10) and "senior high school" (Years 11 and 12). Some have three levels, "junior"

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Historically, preschool and pre-prep programs in Australia were relatively unregulated and not compulsory. While still not mandatory for children to attend, the Federal Government has had a focus since 2009 on encouraging families to enrol their children (from around 4 years of age) in a preschool

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Nevertheless, Australia maintains one of the highest concentrations of religious schools, when compared with other OECD countries. Historically, the teaching of religion in Australian government schools has been a contentious issue and was a motivator for the foundation of the government schooling

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between the Commonwealth of Australia with each state and territory commenced on 1 January 2019, with the exception of Victoria, whose bilateral agreement commenced on 1 February 2019. The funding agreements provide states with funding for government schools (20 percent) and non-government schools

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schools. As of 2019, of the 10,584 registered schools operating in Australia, approximately 250 schools (or less than 2.5 per cent) were boarding schools. Boarding schools can provide a valuable platform for students to achieve their potential academically along with providing support and guidance

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is renowned for its academic achievements and competitiveness, as well as a near-perfect record of all students gaining university admission, especially in medicine, law and science. The school has outperformed every high school in New South Wales in the past 20 years in public university entrance

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that sets the expectations for what all young Australians should be taught, regardless of where they live in Australia or their background. The development of the Australian Curriculum is based on the principles of improving the quality, equity and transparency of Australia's education system. The

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In the ACT, NSW, the Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia, children are legally required to attend school from the age of six years old, until the minimum leaving age. In Tasmania, the compulsory school starting age is 5 years old. However, most children

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are non-government schools that are not operated by government authority and have a system of governance that ensures their independent operation. Such schools are typically operated by an independently elected school council or board of governors and range broadly in the type of school education

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educational environments for students. The overwhelming number of schools are co-educational, with a small proportion of government schools operating single-sex schools, sometimes with a separate boys' and girls' school in the same suburb. All government single-sex schools are secondary schools.

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Schools from the non-government sector operate under the authority of state or territory governments but are not operated by government education departments. Schools from the non-government sector may operate as individual schools, in small groups or as a system such as those coordinated by the

345:. This sort of activity is not generally considered schooling, as preschool education is separate from primary school in all states and territories except Western Australia- where pre-school education is taught as part of the primary school system - and Victoria- where the state framework, the 2577:(abbreviated as NAPLAN) is a series of tests focused on basic skills that are administered annually to Australian students. These standardised tests assess students' reading, writing, language (spelling, grammar and punctuation) and numeracy. Introduced in 2008, NAPLAN is administered by the 2176:

and may be operated by the government of the country of origin, the government of the state or territory in which the school is located, or be operated as an private school. International schools include those schools that have received international accreditation such as from the Council of

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Schools are broadly categorised into government and non-government schools. The non-government schools are further categorised into Catholic schools and private schools. As of 2018, 65.7% of students were enrolled in government schools, 19.7% in catholic schools and 14.6% in private schools.

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In Western Australia, selective secondary education (officially named Gifted and Talented Education (GATE)) is operated by the Western Australian Department of Education through the Gifted and Talented Selective Entrance Programs for Year 7, and subject to limited placement availability for

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through the Bishops Commission for Catholic Education, is tasked with maintaining liaison with the federal government and other key national education bodies and complements and supports the work of the state and territory Catholic education commissions. While some Catholic schools operate

2185:, or other similar organisations. As of 2019, approximately 80 Australian schools meet that definition, with the vast majority being schools that offered one or more of the International Baccalaureate programs. Other schools are affiliated with specific cultures or languages, most notably 579:

Government schools receive funding from the relevant state or territory government. Non-government schools receive funding from the Australian Government and relevant state or territory government; and in most cases, parents are required to make a co-payment for their child's education.

1336:). As of 2018, including private schools run by Catholic religious institutes, of the 9,477 schools in Australia 1,140 schools (12 per cent) are in the private sector. In the same year, private schools enrolled over 617,000 students or 16 per cent of the Australian student population. 3009:

testing, despite the NT Indigenous Education Strategic Plan 2006-2009 supporting bilingual instruction, it was mandated by the NT Government that English should be the language of instruction in all NT schools for the first four hours of the school day. After legal challenges, an

2703:(80 percent) taking into consideration annual changes in enrolment numbers, indexation and student or school characteristics. A National School Resourcing Board was charged with the responsibility of independently reviewing each state's compliance with the funding agreement(s). 409:

Non-government schools, both religious or secular typically charge compulsory tuition and other fees. Government schools provide education without compulsory tuition fees, although many government schools ask for payment of 'voluntary' fees to defray particular expenses.

2092:, established in 1921, is partially selective; and the three Queensland Academies which are fully selective and were formed during 2007 and 2008. All require entry based on academic entry tests, NAPLAN results, primary school grades, interviews and other considerations. 572:; and non-government schools, being those schools that are not operated by government departments or agencies. Non-government schools can be further classified, based on self-identification of the school's affiliation. Non-government schools are grouped for reporting as 3106:

The Commonwealth shall not make any law for establishing any religion, or for imposing any religious observance, or for prohibiting the free exercise of any religion, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification for any office or public trust under the

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School education in Australia is compulsory between certain ages as specified by state or territory legislation. Depending on the state or territory, and date of birth of the child, school is compulsory from the age of five to six to the age of fifteen to seventeen.

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Schools that operate specialist education programs exist in all Australian states and territories. These schools are typically associated with the arts or elite sports programs. In South Australia, specialist schools cover the arts, gifted and talented programs,

2346:, offer boarding facilities. The largest peak body for boarding schools in Australia, the Australian Boarding Schools Association, claimed that, in 2017, there were 22,815 students in boarding schools covered by the association, an increase from 19,870 in 2014. 504:

As of 2010, the national apparent retention rate (ARR), a measure of student engagement that provides an indicator of the success of education systems in keeping students in school beyond the minimum leaving age, was 78 per cent for all full-time students in

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Private school fees can vary from under $ 100 per month to $ 3,200, depending on the student's year level, the school's size, and the socioeconomics of the school community. In late 2018 it was reported that the most expensive private schools (such as the

638:, making the duration of primary school eight years; until they are 11, 12 or 13 years of age. Primary schools focus on developing essential literacy, numeracy and social skills, and provide foundational knowledge to children about the world around them. 405:

schools. The major part of government-run schools' costs is met by the relevant state or territory government. The Australian Government provides the majority of public funding for non-government schools, which is supplemented by states and territories.

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There are non-self-accrediting higher education providers accredited by state and territory authorities, numbering more than 132 as listed on state and territory registers. These include several that are registered in more than one state and territory.

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on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander affairs issued a report which included the recommendation that: "Indigenous language education should be introduced to all schools with Aboriginal students, and indigenous languages included as an official

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may take the form of a few hours of activity during weekdays. Most states of Australia now fund government preschools to offer 15 hours per week (600 hours over a year) for each enrolled child in the year before they commence formal schooling

544:, is made up of the following eight learning areas: English; Mathematics; Science; Humanities and Social Sciences; The Arts; Technologies; Health and Physical Education as well as Languages. In the senior secondary Australian Curriculum, for 961:

Also called state schools or public schools, government schools educate approximately two-thirds of all school students in Australia. If a student elects to attend a government school, they are required to attend a school within their local

3267:, higher education and Vocational Education and Training (VET) were projected to be the fastest-growing sectors in onshore international education by 2025. Australian Government is also planning to add another 1.46 billion AUD according to 2942:

From around 2000, most bilingual programs were allowed to continue under the names "two-way education", or "both-ways" learning. Other programs included language maintenance and language revitalisation in remote schools across the NT.

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funded, meaning that the government funding they nominally attract is provided to the relevant state Catholic Education Commission for needs-based distribution. Sixty-one Australian Catholic schools are non-systemically funded

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in the state were "totally unacceptable" and that not enough had been done to combat violent behaviour. In Queensland, 55,000 school students were suspended in 2008, nearly a third of which were for "physical misconduct".

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commissioned Gonski in 2017 to chair the independent Review to Achieve Educational Excellence in Australian Schools, commonly called Gonski 2.0. The government published the report on 30 April 2018. Following negotiation,

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boarding schools (51 per cent); with multi-modal options, such as full-time boarding and part-time boarding (for example, going home on the weekends) offered by some schools. Some specialist education schools, such as

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away from the 29 bilingual programs to a Territory-wide program teaching English as a second language. Within 12 months though the government had softened its position, after people took to the streets in protest.

2911:(NT), where instruction "should include English Language, Native Language (where appropriate)". Policies and practices varied in the following years, with the first five pilot programs introduced in 1973 after the 401:. As of 2019, government schools educated 65.4% of all students. In 2017, there were just under 282,000 teachers in Australian primary and secondary schools. Of the non-government schools, nearly two-thirds were 229:

For primary and secondary education, government schools educate approximately 65 per cent of Australian students, with approximately 35 per cent in non-government schools. At the tertiary level, the majority of

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In South Australia, 175 violent attacks against students or staff were recorded in 2008. Students were responsible for deliberately causing 3,000 injuries reported by teachers over two years from 2008 to 2009.

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Symposium on Bilingual Education in 2009, media coverage and much debate, the policy was replaced by a new policy: "Literacy for Both Worlds", but that was soon withdrawn again. There was intervention by the

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As of 2019 across primary and secondary education, approximately two-thirds of all school students attended government schools; with the remaining one-third of students educated in non-government schools.

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or kindergarten that delivers quality early childhood education and care Federal and state legislation now requires preschool services to implement and deliver programming based on the nationally approved

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Care, Esther; Griffin, Patrick; Zhang, Zonghua; Hutchinson, Danielle (2014). "Large scale learning and its contribution to learning". In Wyatt-Smith, Claire; Klenowski, Valentina; Colbertb, Peta (eds.).

5982: 3002:. This revitalisation is conceived as part of an effort aimed at "providing effective education from pre-school through to senior secondary at each of the Territory's 15 Community Education Centres". 10881: 9569: 9772: 7459: 2082: 655:

in Australia are also called high schools and colleges (or junior, intermediate, or senior colleges). Secondary schools vary across each Australian state and territory, but they generally cover

10537: 2637: 8596: 3540: : The South Australian Certificate of Education is also taught in Northern Territory secondary schools, where it is known as the Northern Territory Certificate of Education and Training. 2021:

is a government school that enrols students based on some sort of selection criteria, usually academic. The term may have different connotations in different systems and is the opposite of an

6571: 4497: 9613: 9991: 634:. The duration of primary school years varies across each Australian state and territory, with most adopting seven years; except in South Australia, where, until 2022, students finish with 6340: 2946:

Then on 24 August 2005, the Minister for Employment, Education and Training announced that the government would be "revitalising bi-lingual education" at 15 Community Education Centres:

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to pass laws with concerning education. However, the federal government helps to fund non-government schools, helps to fund public universities and subsidises tertiary education through

1365: 501:, between four and a half and five and a half years of age, variously called kindergarten (sometimes called Year K), reception, preparation (also abbreviated as "prep") and transition. 3554: : The initial target of 95% was set in 2008 with the aim to be achieved by 2013. The target was not achieved and was renewed in December 2015 with the aim to be achieved by 2025. 8726: 4671: 6747: 4873: 2150:), and leadership and enterprise (The Alpine School). An alternative model is those sporting organisations that deliver specialist programs to a narrow selection of schools, such as 8538: 3195: 11540: 10931: 10876: 8567: 7208: 3183:

The Education Services for Overseas Students Act 2000 (or ESOS Act) sets out the legal framework governing delivery of education to international students visiting Australia on a

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are predominantly, but not exclusively, government schools located in a rural area that provides both primary and lower secondary education to students, usually concluding at

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Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of four, five, or six and fifteen, sixteen or seventeen, depending on the state or territory and the date of birth.

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unless the student has dispensation to attend another school, usually approved based on academic merit, specialisation, or other reasons, such as a student disability.

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was identified as the first to undergo bilingual accreditation in 1980, and bilingual students outperformed the non-bilingual students. However, by December 1998 the

10532: 8367: 7403: 6579: 6549: 6519: 6375: 6190: 6162: 6133: 5293: 5225: 4120: 3630: 3480: 2578: 1357: 522: 414: 9600: 8510: 7710: 6659: 3982: 3634: 2581:(ACARA) and is overseen by the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) Education Council. The tests are designed to determine if Australian students are achieving 8911:

Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision (December 2018). "National Indigenous Reform Agreement (Closing the Gap) performance reporting".

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Regardless of whether a school is government or non-government, it is regulated by the same curriculum standards framework. The framework is administered by the

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Administrative oversight of Catholic education providers varies depending on the origins, ethos, and purpose of each education provider. Oversight of Catholic

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As an alternative form (or as an addition to) the government-endorsed certification path, students, by approval, may elect to receive certification under the

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In Victoria, selective government high schools select all of their students based on an entrance examination. As of 2011, there were four selective schools:

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were educated like non-aboriginal children, with the aim of effectively assimilating them into the non-aboriginal community. This was made illegal in 1969.

349:(VEYLDF) covers children from birth to 8 years old, is used by some schools over the national framework. In Queensland, preschool programs are often called 11557: 9782: 4939: 381: 353:

or Pre-Prep and are usually privately run but attract state government funding if run for at least 600 hours a year and delivered by a registered teacher.

8912: 7367: 7001: 4991: 3476: 2922:(the jurisdiction with the greatest proportion of Indigenous people, and many remote communities), bilingual programs for Indigenous students begun with 2725:

children are at a significant disadvantage when compared to non-Indigenous Australians across a number of key school educational measures. In 2008, the

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reading, writing and numeracy levels: with the goal to halve the gap for Indigenous students in reading, writing and numeracy within a decade (by 2018);

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participation in early childhood education: with the goal of 95 per cent of all Indigenous four-year-olds enrolled in early childhood education by 2025;

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People attending a tertiary institution as a percentage of the local population at the 2011 census, geographically subdivided by statistical local area

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While state and territory governments are responsible for the regulation and delivery of school-based education within their jurisdiction, through the

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single-sex educational environment); 25 partially selective high schools (high schools with both selective and comprehensive classes); four selective

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Catholic Education Commission in each state and territory. All non-government schools in Australia receive funding from the Commonwealth government.

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People attending secondary school as a percentage of the local population at the 2011 census, geographically subdivided by statistical local area

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People attending a primary school as a percentage of the local population at the 2011 census, geographically subdivided by statistical local area

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9.4 billion school funding plan. Despite some states and territories becoming parties to the Agreement, the plan was shelved following the

2358:, each state and territory is responsible for issuing certificates and/or qualifications to secondary students, collectively referred to as the 765:. As of 2019 there were 62 Australian central schools, and all except one were located in rural New South Wales. In Western Australia, the term 306:

96.3% of gross income for government schools was government funds in 2022, as was 76.4% for Catholic schools and 48.7% for independent schools.

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and its sister school ignored the government directive, and has continued to teach its "both ways" methodology. The students' first language,

11443: 10593: 10563: 10227: 8650: 8278: 8250: 8063: 7488: 5628: 4726: 3384: 2556: 1152: 1072: 7736: 5477: 5027: 4437: 3128:, the practices and policies of religious instruction in Australian schools vary significantly from state to state. In New South Wales, the 2896:) groups; and English speakers looking to add another language to their education. The first two are interested in language maintenance and 477:. In the 19th Century, private education emerged due to demand from wealthy Australians who intended to send their children to university. 11708: 9498: 9473: 8086: 6757: 6687: 4882: 3660: 3313: 3090: 2707: 1746: 1373: 8546: 4666: 4220: 3588: 2743:

Year 12 attainment: with the goal to halve the gap for Indigenous 20–24 year olds in year 12 or equivalent attainment rates (by 2020); and

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Best Global Universities Rankings, 38 Australian universities were ranked, ranging from the University of Melbourne, at 25th place, to

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featuring middle schools for Year 7 to Year 9 (approximate age 12–15) and high school for Year 10 to Year 12 (approximate age 15–18).

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school attendance: with the aim to close the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous school attendance within five years (by 2018).

2632:(Cth), the Australian Government regulates the delivery of school and tertiary education to international students who are granted a 2521: 2478: 2359: 2238: 1505: 1120: 1067: 970:

covered under government funding. In 2010 the additional cost for schooling was estimated to be on average $ 316 per year per child.

9285: 5723: 5335: 1002:, announced a $ 70 million Independent Public Schools Initiative to support 1,500 Australian government schools to become more 10247: 9683: 7009: 4598: 3419: 3129: 2178: 1935: 1931: 7620: 257:

by a large margin, with 812,000 international students enrolled in the nation's universities and vocational institutions in 2019.

10739: 10473: 2138:, and trade training centres. In Victoria, examples of specialist government schools include those focused on science and maths ( 1532: 1448: 316:

The Australian Government's involvement in education has been the responsibility of several departments over the years, with the

6724: 2657:), the proportion of students who are proficient in maths, reading and science has actually declined over that same period. The 313:, a unified system of national qualifications in schools, vocational education and training, and the tertiary education sector. 11942: 11485: 11295: 11103: 11017: 4785: 3957: 3379: 3292: 2299: 1681: 1345: 1246: 8219: 6631: 4752: 4640: 11381: 11221: 10605: 10463: 10428: 10055: 9066: 8929: 8401: 6831: 5497: 5075: 4842: 2893: 2889: 2722: 2319: 1656: 1560: 1341: 9963: 9907: 6283: 6033: 4238: 3843: 11497: 11037: 11032: 11027: 10641: 10625: 10615: 10573: 10503: 10453: 10448: 10392: 10189: 7599: 7151: 6807: 6009: 4562: 3454: 2218: 1730: 1513: 1471: 300: 235: 9853: 7571: 5060: 3992: 3813: 3746: 3530: 11937: 11884: 11828: 11723: 11229: 11063: 10977: 10524: 10433: 10344: 10276: 9753: 9234: 4915: 4378:"COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA CONSTITUTION ACT – SECT 51 Legislative powers of the Parliament [see Notes 10 and 11]" 4013: 3032: 2594: 2459: 2355: 2303: 2062: 2050: 1021: 995: 910: 310: 292: 242: 216: 104: 8799: 7235: 11891: 11022: 11002: 10656: 10588: 10583: 10412: 10359: 10354: 9124:"Fifty years after starting a bilingual education program, Areyonga School looks to the future of 'both-ways' learning" 8458: 7897: 7594: 5167: 4822: 4757: 3117: 3080: 3016: 2515: 2496: 2206: 2029: 1793: 1595: 1541: 1497: 1215: 1201: 1147: 1132: 573: 402: 51: 4965: 2888:

in Australia may be divided into three different types, or target audiences, each having somewhat different purposes:

11433: 11334: 11234: 11154: 11088: 10921: 10780: 10677: 10402: 9803: 9159: 8193: 6481: 5125: 3210: 2726: 2682: 1625: 1556: 1551: 1013:

are located at some major hospitals and provide access to tuition for students who have extended stays in hospitals.

528: 231: 9452: 4078: 11161: 11098: 11083: 10508: 10438: 9748: 9123: 8011: 7846: 7820: 6076: 3444: 3220: 3068: 2690: 2222: 2058: 1704: 1586: 1501: 1463: 1428: 470: 342: 212: 8331: 7013: 4614: 4171: 11932: 11602: 11401: 11391: 11327: 11068: 11042: 10498: 10387: 10182: 8758: 7395: 7040: 5301: 4816: 3809: 3775: 3742: 3449: 3204: 2983: 2267: 1797: 1760: 1479: 1458: 1436: 1419: 1209: 835: 245:, implemented in 1995, Australia has adopted a national system of qualifications, encompassing higher education, 7952: 6097: 260:

However, Australian students placed 16th in the world in reading, 29th in maths and 17th in science in the 2018

11688: 11587: 11307: 11285: 11191: 10997: 10957: 10620: 10269: 6367: 4547: 4064: 3409: 2975: 2967: 2963: 2955: 2947: 2283: 2275: 1883: 1859: 1630: 1576: 334: 8112: 5000: 11838: 11755: 11631: 11480: 11473: 11344: 11290: 11093: 11073: 10891: 10843: 10800: 10397: 10318: 10297: 8737: 8712: 6860: 6105: 5978: 5781: 3429: 2991: 2959: 2931: 2615: 2271: 2198: 2147: 1768: 943: 725: 686: 8058: 6802: 6228: 11823: 11617: 11354: 11317: 11196: 11186: 11058: 10553: 10254: 10232: 8789:"Through Growth to Achievement: Report of the Review to Achieve Education Excellence in Australian Schools" 8624: 7184: 6127: 6072: 3547: : Initially six targets were set; with the school attendance target set at a subsequent COAG meeting. 3434: 3394: 3284: 3052: 2999: 2995: 2971: 2951: 2417: 2394: 2234: 2226: 2123: 1772: 1723: 1708: 1700: 1646: 1483: 1467: 1193: 1052: 1047: 9719: 7761: 7642: 6154: 337:

The first exposure many Australian children have to learn with others outside of traditional parenting is

11592: 11550: 11545: 11492: 11239: 11206: 11134: 10866: 10732: 9524: 8036: 7493: 7266: 6688:"'Public schooling in Australia attracts $ 1 billion bill in fees for parents despite 'voluntary' status" 5665: 5520: 5197: 3703: 3301: 3296: 2987: 2685:

the Gillard government sought to implement the National Education Reform Agreement that would deliver an

1895: 1887: 1789: 1564: 1369: 449: 5607: 5388: 4415: 4038: 2194: 1380:

and New South Wales) charge fees of up to $ 500,000 for the thirteen years of private school education.

11658: 11562: 11416: 11371: 11275: 6184: 5694: 5578: 3593: 2706:

Australian students placed 16th in the world in reading, 29th in maths and 17th in science in the 2018

2653:

Despite a substantial increase in government spending per student over ten years (after correcting for

2139: 2089: 2078: 1821: 1801: 1738: 1734: 1661: 1634: 1302: 990: 6317: 5868: 5839: 5810: 5752: 4385: 11778: 11735: 11683: 11582: 11428: 11396: 11312: 11302: 11270: 10950: 9882: 9574: 9151:

Two Way Teaching and Learning: Toward Culturally Reflective and Relevant Education [abstract]

8655: 7991: 7930: 7548: 7520: 7318: 6664: 5104: 3272: 3247: 3137: 3055:, was still using both-ways education in August 2023, 50 years since it had begun there, teaching in 2678: 2333:

with their psychological, social, emotional and spiritual development. Some Australian schools offer

2279: 2263: 2210: 2109: 1992: 1986: 1817: 1811: 1785: 1677: 1669: 1642: 1568: 1287: 531:, the Commonwealth Government has, since 2014, played an increasing role in the establishment of the 192: 10028: 9322: 9182: 8990: 8489: 8361: 4475: 3268: 2907:

in 1950, when the first government schools for Aboriginal students were opened at four sites in the

2628: 11693: 11678: 11525: 11361: 11322: 11149: 10790: 9749:"Record number of international students sticking around on visas with full work rights - ABC News" 9385: 8283: 6441: 3439: 2362:. The following table serves as a summary of the qualifications issued by each state or territory: 2291: 2259: 2070: 1948: 1855: 1673: 1603: 1475: 1259: 576:

schools (including Catholic-affiliated private schools) or private (other non-government schools).

5636: 4736: 11843: 11718: 11698: 11673: 11653: 11406: 11376: 11201: 11078: 11007: 10237: 10128: 10114: 10000: 9423: 9293: 9019: 8962: 8921: 8910: 8141: 5397: 5036: 4445: 4204:"Subscribe to The Australian | Newspaper home delivery, website, iPad, iPhone & Android apps" 3779: 3332: 3098: 3056: 2897: 2662: 2582: 2287: 2173: 1952: 1918: 1891: 1863: 1842: 1779: 1750: 1712: 1696: 1424: 280: 5252: 3668: 11750: 11728: 11703: 11648: 11612: 11450: 11421: 11411: 11386: 11349: 11280: 11117: 11012: 10725: 10672: 10065: 4676: 1665: 1607: 1491: 78: 9654: 8305: 8245: 7438: 6004: 5489: 3695: 3335:

in 2018, based on data from 2017, listed Australia as 0.929, the second-highest in the world.

3235:

and 2 international private universities. As of 2015, the largest university in Australia was

283:

in 2018, based on data from 2017, listed Australia as 0.929, the second-highest in the world.

11813: 11745: 11643: 11597: 11460: 11366: 11253: 11139: 10775: 10313: 10292: 10264: 10259: 8167: 4086: 3404: 3399: 3125: 2923: 2295: 1996: 1914: 1615: 1611: 1024: 974: 937: 914: 652: 647: 565: 532: 518: 250: 220: 9554: 4145: 4124: 368:

where they are more often run by local councils, community groups or private organisations.

11877: 11848: 11770: 11607: 11577: 11513: 11468: 11181: 11176: 11144: 11129: 10985: 10926: 10825: 10369: 9549: 9227:"At Yirrkala School, bilingual education has become a model for remote Aboriginal learning" 6953: 6836: 6692: 5571:"EDUCATION ACT 2004 – SECT 10 Child of compulsory education age—enrolment and registration" 3389: 3232: 2600: 2508: 2334: 2254: 2169: 2163: 2022: 1879: 1849: 1825: 1517: 1432: 1321: 1291: 1197: 1142: 1027:

are responsible for the administration of education within their respective jurisdictions:

729: 627: 357: 246: 10090:

The National Case Study: An Empirical Comparative Study of Twenty-One Educational Systems.

7155: 8: 11798: 11740: 11572: 11535: 11265: 10901: 10820: 9207: 7868: 4650: 3526: 3228: 3153:

individual school principals may permit approved organisations to deliver non-compulsory

3132:

classes are held in the government school sector that enable students to learn about the

3036: 2885: 2699: 2694: 2338: 2250: 2190: 2127: 2097: 2034: 1599: 1537: 1440: 1404: 1317: 1235: 1020:

sets the overall national policy and direction for education in Australia. The following

926: 623: 200: 8914:

National Agreement Performance Information 2017–18: National Indigenous Reform Agreement

1320:; others have no religious affiliation and are driven by a national philosophy (such as 448:

Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

11900: 11858: 11833: 11818: 11808: 11803: 11793: 11760: 11663: 11567: 11171: 11166: 10815: 10805: 10795: 10785: 10093: 10016: 9363: 9342: 9149: 8978: 7628: 5545: 5418: 3896: 3533:

administered by a diocese, Catholic Education Office, or Catholic Education Commission.

3149: 2919: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2670: 2611: 2434: 2085:

which cater to students opting for focused education in arts and science respectively.

2066: 1079: 711: 481: 204: 94: 8450:

Designing Assessment for Quality Learning Volume 1 of The Enabling Power of Assessment

8445: 5943: 11788: 11530: 10896: 10848: 10770: 10051: 9155: 9062: 8925: 8858: 8454: 8397: 8015: 7987: 6604: 5687:"EDUCATION (GENERAL PROVISIONS) ACT 2006 – SECT 9 9 Meaning of compulsory school age" 5493: 5071: 4541: 4324: 4058: 3923: 3236: 2979: 2623: 2534: 2343: 2214: 2151: 2116: 1873: 1742: 1591: 1329: 1159: 986: 956: 948: 810: 569: 561: 398: 196: 8883: 4795: 4146:"Australian school year begins amid unprecedented crisis of public education system" 3868: 1282: 608:

St Patricks Primary in Murrumbeena one of many Catholic primary schools in Australia

238:

where payment becomes due when debtors reach a certain income level, known as HECS.

11905: 11339: 10077: 9529: 9054: 9046: 8423: 7902: 7372: 7342:"Estimated total cost of a government, Catholic and independent education revealed" 5485: 4852: 4762: 3916:"The parents fleeing Australia's public school system – and those choosing to stay" 3368: 3354: 3166:

In July 2009, the Queensland Minister for Education said that the rising levels of

3141: 2018: 2012: 1838: 1638: 1572: 999: 978: 604: 397:

10,584 registered schools were operating in Australia in 2019, of which 7,092 were

324:

for universities with seasonal holidays and breaks for each educational institute.

6312: 6261:, National Catholic Education Commission, 31 March 2011, p. 1, archived from 5658:"EDUCATION (GENERAL PROVISIONS) ACT 2006 – SECT 176 176 Obligation of each parent" 3299:

achieving the highest global ranking, at 35th. In the same year, according to the

905: 721:(Years 7 and 8), "intermediate" (Years 9 and 10), and "senior" (Years 11 and 12). 10693: 10242: 9973: 9919: 9050: 9041:

Lo Bianco, Joseph; Slaughter, Yvette (2017). "Bilingual Education in Australia".

8622: 8448: 6832:"Christopher Pyne announces $ 70 million fund to help public schools go it alone" 3842:. Australian Government. Department of Education. 29 October 2015. Archived from 3522: 3324: 3306: 3167: 3025: 2927: 2730: 2471: 2412: 2329: 2202: 2186: 2041:

selective high school. Of the 47 schools, 34 are located in greater metropolitan

1509: 1444: 1308: 1250:

independently via religious institutes, the majority of Catholic schools, called

1231: 1110: 1062: 1010: 963: 857: 751: 741: 365: 361: 291:

The regulation, operation, and funding of education is the responsibility of the

272: 249:(VET), and school-based education. For primary and secondary schools, a national 9359:"Religious education in NSW schools 'inappropriate' but government vows support" 8511:"ESOS Agency for Schools Regulator Performance Framework; Annual Report 2017-18" 8014:

This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the

6660:"'Public schools should be free': parent outrage at invoices for voluntary fees" 4572: 3586: 3291:

in the same year. As of 2020, 34 Australian universities were listed in China's

989:

schools; all defined below. In 2009 the Western Australia government introduced

11783: 9861: 8601: 5356: 4317:"Australian education in long-term decline due to poor curriculum, report says" 4221:"Australian universities double down on international students - MacroBusiness" 3471:

These include: Department of Education, Employment and Training (DEET) (1988),

3328: 2677:

to the chair a committee to review funding of Australian schools. Entitled the

2038: 1831: 1487: 1333: 1313: 982: 758: 745: 613: 418: 276: 6921: 2610:

if he/she studies at an approved educational institution and he/she is not an

1189: 215:). Regulation and funding of education is primarily the responsibility of the 11926: 9093:"Government Support for NT Bilingual Education after 1950: A Longer Timeline" 8862: 6949:"Perth Children's Hospital school helping students stay on track and smiling" 4328: 4239:"Australia drops in PISA rankings: Should we be worried? - Education Matters" 3927: 3121: 3044: 3040: 3031:

Prominent schools involved in bilingual education programs in the NT include

2903:

The first recorded government support for bilingual education came under the

2619: 2135: 1962:

Schools that cater for students at severe educational risk due to a range of

717: 356:

Preschools are usually run by the state and territory governments, except in

10704: 10081: 8597:"Despite schools funding obsession, extra billions failed to lift standards" 7289: 3215:

Tertiary education (or higher education) in Australia is primarily study at

1995:

is a school catering for students who have special educational needs due to

921: 36: 10651: 10646: 6780: 3507: 3224:

both public and private are registered by state and territory governments.

3184: 3048: 2674: 2000: 537: 498: 474: 350: 6489: 5774:"EDUCATION AND TRAINING REFORM ACT 2006 – SECT 2.1.1 Attendance at school" 5134: 4408:"AUSTRALIAN EDUCATION ACT 2013 – SECT 21 Financial assistance for schools" 3148:

of a chosen religion. In Queensland, religious organisations may apply to

1945:

Schools that specialise in meeting the needs of students with disabilities

663:(compulsory period of education) and senior secondary schools continue to 11853: 11713: 10174: 9969: 5219: 5096: 4090: 3414: 3317: 2633: 2588: 2381: 2375: 1295: 664: 588: 549: 545: 506: 421:. A school year in Australia starts in January and finishes in December. 56: 9058: 8824:"Australian students slip in global maths, reading and science rankings" 7787:"List of secondary schools with special interest or specialist programs" 4265:"'Alarm bells': Australian students record worst result in global tests" 674: 10717: 10538:

Commonwealth Register of Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students

9260:"Religion in Australian schools: an historical and contemporary debate" 8623:

Counihan, Bella; Gallardo, Francisca; Creagh, Sunanda (23 April 2013).

8339: 4624: 3589:"Three charts on: how much Australia spends on all levels of education" 3216: 3086: 2638:

Commonwealth Register of Institutions and Courses for Overseas Students

2451: 2325: 1383:

Australian private schools broadly fall into the following categories:

1093: 1003: 930: 656: 635: 208: 8766: 7407: 6781:"Enacting the Independent Public Schools program in Western Australia" 6379: 1245:

The National Catholic Education Commission (NCEC), established by the

10973: 10942: 9338:"School chaplains agency faces tax challenge over $ 33m in donations" 7898:"Australia's boarding schools reflecting the values of the community" 3587:

Edwards, Daniel; Rice, James Mahmud; McMillan, Julie (24 July 2019).

2654: 2258:

Examples of adjacent single-sex government secondary schools include

1349: 1255: 369: 7958: 6291: 4875:

Summary of 2010 Principal Academic Dates for Australian Universities

3567:

2017-18 National Indigenous Reform Agreement Performance data report

2402:

ACT Senior Secondary Certificate and Record of Achievement (ACT SSC)

2233:; or may generally be international in their outlook, including the 1771:, Life Church Brisbane, and Christian Education Ministries via the 1290:, a well-known Australian private school, that enrols students from 560:

The types of schools in Australia fall broadly into two categories:

10168: 9777: 9768: 9009: 8704: 8539:"English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas Students (ELICOS)" 7090: 4847: 3511: 3283:

36 Australian tertiary educational institutions were listed in the

3264: 3260: 3145: 2488: 1691: 1525: 1361: 1325: 1258:

jurisdiction of an ecclesiastical public juridic person, such as a

1127: 762: 660: 631: 541: 473:. The first schools were either built by ex-convicts or members of 338: 7845:. WACA Western Australia Cricket Association. 2019. Archived from 7121:, National Catholic Education Commission, May 2002, archived from 7061: 4672:

Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (Victoria)

3667:. Internet Family History Association of Australia. Archived from 2154:'s Specialist School Program to three Western Australian schools. 9767: 9703: 8851:"Australian universities brace for 'ugly' 2022 after budget cuts" 7544:"Top marks again, but class is over for high-achieving principal" 7437:, Association of Children with a Disability, n.d., archived from 6752: 6636: 4790: 3246:

All students doing nationally recognised training need to have a

3011: 2324:

In Australia, both government and non-government schools operate

2249:

In Australia, both government and non-government schools operate

1521: 770: 9147: 8419:"School flouts NAPLAN; Principal 'doesn't believe in' the tests" 7213:, Independent Schools Council of Australia, 2019, archived from 6897:. Government of South Australia. 6 December 2018. Archived from 6488:. Northern Territory Government. 15 January 2008. Archived from 1316:

of the school community served. Some private schools are run by

434: 211:

and other higher education providers) and vocational education (

10323: 9727: 7002:"The Purple Economy: Supernatural Charities, Tax and the State" 6976: 4468:"NATIONAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING REGULATOR ACT 2011" 3562: 3473:

Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs

3348: 3133: 3006: 2042: 1835: 1377: 1227: 786:

Student enrolments by school affiliation, Australia, 2014–2018

619: 9773:"Growth and opportunity in Australian international education" 7368:"'Mind blowing': Top private school education nears $ 500,000" 7311: 6227:, National Catholic Education Commission, 2018, archived from 4352: 3895:

Rice, James; Edwards, Daniel; McMillan, Julie (24 July 2019).

3521: : The schools listed here are Catholic schools that are 10045: 7262:"$ 500,000 a child: How much private schooling costs parents" 2717: 2028:

In New South Wales, student placement in fully and partially

295:, because the Australian Government does not have a specific 253:

has been progressively developed and implemented since 2010.

7314:"Sydney private school fees hit $ 38,000 for the first time" 6290:, Home Education Association Inc (Australia), archived from 5446:"What schooling and training is there for my family and me?" 3062: 2088:

In Queensland, there are four selective entry high schools.

2025:

school, which accepts all students, regardless of aptitude.

1137:

Office of Tasmanian Assessment, Standards and Certification

618:

Also sometimes called infants schools, Australia adopts the

10146:

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade: Diplomatic Academy

10132: 9650:

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations

9619:

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations

8224:

Office of Tasmanian Assessment, Standards and Certification

8198:

Office of Tasmanian Assessment, Standards and Certification

6409:

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade: Diplomatic Academy

6251: 6249: 6247: 6245: 3485:

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations

2711: 2539:

Western Australian Statement of Student Achievement (WASSA)

424: 268:. This continues a sharp decline in educational standards. 265: 8765:. Independent Schools Council of Australia. Archived from 8391: 7873:, International Association of School Librarianship (IASL) 6542:"Search: combined schools (filter non-government schools)" 6034:"School starting age changes in Tasmania versus Australia" 5061:"Victorian Early Years Learning and Development Framework" 4940:"Australia's children, Early childhood education and care" 4522: 2800:

in reading, writing and numeracy for Years 3, 5, 7 & 9

10584:

Department for Education, Children and Young People (TAS)

10533: