844:
724:
829:
610:. It has been described as an "art gallery for science", and showcases objects from the institution's widely varying collections. "The instruments are only a fraction of the objects on display. The exhibition also includes books, documents, and artwork from CHF's collection, as well as an array of consumer products." The exhibition is organized around thematic arcs illustrative of the history of science, particularly chemistry. Displays include the influence of alchemy in early chemistry, the development of the first plastics, the development of brilliantly colored synthetic dyes, scientific advocacy for public health in the 19th and 20th centuries, and the teaching of chemistry through books and chemistry sets.
743:
422:
organizations, and including biochemistry, materials science, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and instrumentation within its mandate. The
National Foundation for History of Chemistry was established in 1987 as a supporting Pennsylvania nonprofit. The renamed Beckman Center began a major capital campaign, listing as its needs "offices, an exhibit gallery, a reading room, library stacks, and archives and storage areas." It celebrated its inauguration on November 5, 1987. With support from the American Chemical Society's "Campaign for Chemistry", the center was able to move to 3401 Walnut Street, on the University of Pennsylvania campus, as of March 9, 1988.
859:
470:
708:
506:(SAS), to pursue the creation of an instrumentation museum. Edward Brame and other members of that committee connected with Arnold Thackray and formed the nucleus of the institution's Chemical Instrumentation Museum Group (CIMG) in 1994. In 1997, on the recommendation of the CIMG, the Chemical Heritage Foundation's board approved a collections policy for the acquisition of "historically significant chemical instruments and apparatus". Instrumentation, however, was only one of several areas of interest as the institution began to expand its collections.
732:
27:
338:. In December 1981, the ACS approved the establishment of the Center for the History of Chemistry, with support of $ 50,000 per year for five years, in cooperation with the University of Pennsylvania, which was to provide an equivalent in goods and services. An agreement to create the Center for the History of Chemistry was signed by officers of the American Chemical Society and the University of Pennsylvania on January 22 and 26, 1982. A policy council was appointed by the sponsoring institutions to oversee routine operations of the center, and
672:
519:, started collecting alchemical art in the 1920s. In 2000, his collection of alchemical paintings was donated by Fisher Scientific International to the Chemical Heritage Foundation. In 2002, the institution received another gift from Roy Eddleman, founder of Spectrum Laboratories, whose collection contained paintings from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Together, the two collections contain more than 90 paintings and 200 works on paper illustrating the work of alchemists and their influence on the development of chemistry as a science.
478:
684:
586:
696:
3883:
3893:
137:
405:. However, the center did not yet have exhibition or collections space to allow for the acquisition of any but the most limited quantities of documents. The center did curate a number of traveling exhibitions by collaborating with other organizations, including "Joseph Priestley: Enlightened Chemist", "Polymers and People", "Scaling Up", and "Chemical Education in the United States".
263:, creating an organization that covers "the history of the life sciences and biotechnology together with the history of the chemical sciences and engineering." As of February 1, 2018, the organization was renamed the Science History Institute, to reflect its wider range of historical interests, from chemical sciences and engineering to the life sciences and biotechnology.
142:
797:
stone, alchemists created a body of knowledge about the material world through experiments and lab work, setting the stage for modern chemistry. Other highlights of the fine-art collection include oil paintings depicting such early modern chemical activities as distillation and metallurgy and watercolors showing the production process of the textile
461:
buildings were renovated by
Richard Conway Meyer over the next few years. Phase 1, providing temporary office space and book storage, was completed in 1998. Phase 2, a move to more permanent facilities, was completed in 2000. Phase 3, construction of the adjoining Ullyot conference space for meetings and events, began soon after.
804:
Artifacts: The
Science History Institute collects three-dimensional artifacts to create a representative group of material-culture objects that can be used as resources for both research and exhibition. The institute holds a variety of historical artifacts related to chemistry and chemical education,
447:
On July 1, 1992, the
National Foundation for History of Chemistry changed its name to the Chemical Heritage Foundation, in recognition of the international nature of chemical history. By 1994, the organization was searching for a permanent home for the Beckman Center and Othmer Library. One candidate
2052:
Note: This article predates the opening of the 2008 museum by several years; the museum exhibit discussed here was a temporary instrumentation exhibit from 2002, not the permanent museum of 2008. Although the authors refer to the "Chemical
Heritage Foundation Scientific Instrumentation Museum", this
514:
The
Science History Institute is particularly interested in the origins of early science and chemistry. Its varied holdings have considerable depth both in alchemical books and fine-art depictions of early modern alchemists. The institution's collection of alchemy-related artwork, one of the largest
766:
Photographs: The
Science History Institute's Image Archive contains an extensive collection of photographic prints, negatives, and slides reflecting the chemical history of the past century. The institute currently holds more than 20,000 images of notable chemists, laboratories, industrial scenes,
421:
provided a $ 2 million challenge grant in 1986 to stimulate expansion of the center as a research institute, the Arnold and Mabel
Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry (BCHOC). Beckman challenged the center to define its mission more broadly, reaching out to academic, professional and trade
561:
The foundation expanded its instrument collections slowly, mostly through donations of single instruments or small groups of instruments. In 2000, the CIMG was transformed into the
Heritage Council Instruments and Artifacts Committee (HCIAC), which included staff and supporters and began meeting
796:
Fine Art: Strengths of the
Science History Institute's fine-art collection include the Fisher Scientific International Collection and the Roy Eddleman Collection, more than 90 paintings and 200 works on paper that unmask the world of the alchemists. In their pursuit of the elusive philosophers'
460:
facade. The institution bought the bank building and nearby property in 1995, in part with a matching grant from Donald Othmer. Soon afterward, its endowment was expanded by a bequest from Othmer's estate. The Chemical Heritage Foundation moved to 315 Chestnut Street on February 1, 1996. The
434:
and his wife, Mildred Topp Othmer. Donald Othmer was a quiet chemical engineering professor from Polytechnic University in Brooklyn. The Othmers donated $ 5 million towards the creation of the Othmer Library of Chemical History. Again, efforts to match the grant were supported by the National
754:
The Othmer Library: In 2004, the Othmer Library became the steward of the Roy G. Neville Historical Chemical Library, which represents one of the most comprehensive single deposits of books on the history of chemistry in the world. Roughly 6,000 titles in all, the Neville collection comprises
762:
Archives: The Science History Institute collects, preserves, describes, and makes available the unique, unpublished materials that document the past 200 years of scientific history. The institute actively collects archival materials from outstanding scientists, industries, and professional
767:
historic gatherings, and chemical artifacts. These images hold considerable interest for scholars, journalists, and publishers who are active in chemistry-related fields. Informal snapshots and personal photos capture notable scientists at work and at play, such as the polymer chemists
305:
and the ACS' centennial stimulated interest in history and chemistry. As part of the ACS centennial activities, John H. Wotiz of its history-of-chemistry division organized a session on the history of chemistry; he was a strong proponent of a national center for historical chemistry.
1709:
In 1982, when the Chemical Heritage Foundation was a fledgling research organization starting out with only $ 50,000, it asked chemical engineers and experts around the country to serve as advisers on its council of friends. One of those who accepted the invitation was
346:
campus. Its "immediate aims" included gathering oral histories of important chemists and inventorying papers and manuscripts in repositories throughout the country to map "the largely unexplored territory of the history of chemistry and chemical technology."
485:
Acquisition of a permanent building finally made it possible for the institution to develop "a public museum and display area". One possible focus was the history of instrumentation. As early as 1989, the Beckman Center had requested the loan or gift of
622:, also founded by Arnold Thackray. Recognizing that the joint organization's interests extended beyond the field of chemistry, the organization began a two-year renaming process, whose outcome required the agreement of its founding partners, the
805:
including instrumentation. It has one of the best public collections of chemistry sets, with approximately 100 different sets from all over the world, including Australia and Germany. Other special artifact collections include The Beauty of
630:. On February 1, 2018, the organization was renamed the Science History Institute, to reflect its wider range of historical interests, extending from the chemical sciences and engineering to the life sciences and biotechnology.
593:
As early as 1996, the Chemical Heritage Foundation had envisioned a broadly-based museum of chemical progress in which instruments would have "a major, but not exclusive role". That vision was followed when Peter Saylor of
2082:
Note: The 2008 museum's focus on the history of science and science's impact on culture is much broader than an "educational display of pioneering and landmark instruments": equating the two is an apples-and-oranges
286:, and relationships between science and art. It supports a community of research scholars and an oral history program. As of 2012, it was the largest U.S. grantor of research fellowships for the history of science.
758:
Center for Oral History: The Center for Oral History at the Science History Institute aims to create a collection of comprehensive, professionally edited interviews with leading figures in chemistry and related
435:
Foundation for History of Chemistry and the American Chemical Society's Campaign for Chemistry. The new library was further supported by the donation of 8,500 monographs, textbooks and reference works from
2369:
326:
Memorial Collection on the history of chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, argued for the formation of such a center in Philadelphia. Thackray obtained promises of private support from chemist
882:, appeared in print three times a year until 2019, when content became digital-only. As an online resource, it continues to present stories about the history of science for a popular readership.
401:
As early as 1983, the Center for the History of Chemistry expressed an interest in "The Conservation of Historic American Chemical Instruments", in discussions of a possible joint project with the
2572:
2607:
499:
378:(AIChE) became a co-founder of the center, signing an agreement on August 27 and 28, 1984. In addition, the institution began to establish relationships with affiliated organizations such as
2657:"Chemical Heritage Foundation names Robert G. W. Anderson as president and CEO The former director of London's British Museum will take permanent helm of the chemical history organization"
577:
In 2004, a list of "50 Instruments That Changed the World" was identified as a basis for further expansion. In 2008, the institution released a list of its ten most wanted instruments.
906:
The Science History Institute presents a number of annual awards to recognize outstanding contributions to science and technology by researchers, business leaders and entrepreneurs.
649:, under whose leadership (2008–2013) the history of science museum opened to the public in its present location, and the fellowship program expanded. Following a global search,
2151:
843:
755:
materials that date from the late 15th century to the early 20th century and includes many of the most important works in the history of science and technology from this period.
2096:
1104:
598:
created the public museum and conference space. The Arnold O. Beckman Permanent Exhibit and the Clifford C. Hach Gallery for rotating exhibitions opened in 2008. The
498:
for display at the center. Some of those instruments were included in an instrumentation exhibition organized by W. Richard Howe of the University of Pittsburgh for the
1078:
1540:
657:, Germany, was chosen in August 2013 as president and CEO of the organization. In 2016, Reinhardt returned to Germany, and his place was taken by interim president
2028:
1290:
1140:
961:
947:
in Bibliography or Biography recognizes a biographical work in the field of chemical or molecular science. Established in 2006, the prize is awarded biennially.
661:. On January 11, 2017, it was announced that Anderson would take the job permanently. As of May 20, 2020, David Allen Cole, previously executive director of the
383:
2381:
2656:
2633:
387:
350:
A National Advisory Board was also formed from a wide-ranging group of people in academia and industry. In 1982, its members included John C. Haas, historians
763:
organizations. Spanning over 5,000 linear shelf feet, these collections are a major attraction for scholars of the history of chemical and molecular sciences.
828:
3868:
1692:
3263:
650:
342:
was appointed part-time director of the center on April 29, 1982. The center was inaugurated on March 11, 1983, in several vacant basement rooms on the
2592:
1784:
2611:
294:
The idea of creating "a library of reference and a chemical museum" in the United States can be found in the Proceedings of the first meeting of the
3952:
3423:
3208:
3610:
3585:
2188:
574:
was curated at the Chemical Heritage Foundation by David Brock, showing fifteen 20th-century instruments, including Arnold Beckman's pH meter.
1426:
1505:
Lewenstein, Bruce V. (January 1989). ""To improve our knowledge in nature and arts": A history of chemical education in the United States".
3917:
3580:
3258:
858:
3947:
3635:
2216:
Transmutations : alchemy in art : selected works from the Eddleman and Fisher collections at the Chemical Heritage Foundation
2162:
1714:, a chemical engineering professor at Polytechnic University in Brooklyn, an unassuming scholar who originally hailed from Omaha, Neb.
3270:
3957:
2100:
971:
627:
375:
237:
3922:
3428:
1455:
Smith, John K. (1986). ""Scaling up: Science, Engineering, and the American Chemical Industry"-Center for History of Chemistry".
1115:
928:
The annual Affiliate Partnership Awards, presented in conjunction with affiliate organizations, recognize achievement with the
453:
3488:
3156:
395:
3705:
3640:
3558:
1579:
1391:
2515:
2681:
2403:
322:, a professor in the Department of History and Sociology of Science at the University of Pennsylvania, and curator of the
3937:
3858:
1548:
1261:
502:(PITTCON) in 1994, and expanded in 1999. In the early 1990s, inspired by John Ferraro, a committee was formed within the
418:
3553:
3438:
3343:
3313:
2541:
449:
1294:
1148:
1048:
3695:
3615:
3308:
2224:
1604:
2932:
3942:
3804:
3715:
3538:
3468:
3248:
503:
3927:
3655:
3548:
3415:
3333:
707:
3789:
3595:
3498:
3473:
3458:
3433:
3328:
3275:
1212:
249:
76:
3932:
3253:
966:
886:
first appeared in spring 2015, as a publication of the Chemical Heritage Foundation. It was predated by the
782:
Williams Haynes Portrait Collection: nearly 1,000 formal portraits of important chemists from the early 1900s
723:
3680:
3625:
3371:
3323:
3318:
3223:
3203:
3198:
1795:
1172:"The American Chemical Society: Proceedings of the first meeting for organization, New York, April 6, 1876"
933:
929:
742:
671:
527:
The Chemical Heritage Foundation's collections include such pioneering and landmark instruments as a 1934
3794:
3645:
3570:
3543:
2706:
2433:
Brock, David (2002). "Revolutionary Tools: Instruments and the Transformation of the Chemical Sciences".
2268:"ALCHEMICAL ART : Chemical Heritage Foundation gets addition to prized collection from Roy Eddleman"
3650:
3575:
3523:
3478:
3149:
914:
607:
457:
343:
302:
225:
535:
900 Differential Thermal Analyzer, an early custom Electro-spray Ionization Mass Spectrometer used by
3443:
3383:
3351:
3303:
3233:
1697:
1427:"Joseph Priestley, enlightened chemist an exhibit celebrating the 250th birthday of Joseph Priestley"
662:
623:
469:
295:
221:
161:
3670:
3366:
3361:
3186:
683:
619:
279:
260:
2066:
1858:
695:
3630:
3228:
3218:
3213:
3181:
402:
391:
355:
1494:. Philadelphia, PA, US: Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania.
3735:
3518:
3483:
3400:
3390:
3378:
3293:
1381:
937:
414:
253:
3285:
3036:
2984:
1171:
3886:
3763:
3758:
3605:
3503:
3298:
3243:
3238:
3142:
3125:
2214:
918:
909:
The annual Heritage Day Awards honor achievements in science and technology and comprise the
658:
595:
563:
436:
379:
363:
275:
2542:"The Chemical Heritage Foundation: Past, Present, and Future Interview with Arnold Thackray"
2267:
3193:
3165:
1639:
Bohning, James J. (1988). "Chemical Instrumentation Symposium Inaugurates Beckman Center".
1514:
944:
922:
750:
The Science History Institute holds many collections relevant to the history of chemistry.
654:
580:
515:
in the world, builds upon two significant collections. Chester Garfield Fisher, founder of
495:
351:
331:
267:
99:
3010:
2311:"The Art of Science: Chemical Heritage Foundation takes a new approach to science museums"
8:
3896:
3825:
3753:
3748:
3720:
3660:
3453:
1726:
Price, Charles C. (1989). "Making History: The Challenge Met - And the Challenge Ahead".
814:
785:
Travis Hignett Collection: images from the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory (1920–1950)
487:
3062:
1518:
898:
The Science History Institute offers many fellowships-in-residence, of varying lengths.
3799:
3768:
3743:
3513:
3493:
3395:
3356:
1472:
1207:
408:
271:
190:
103:
26:
2958:
1659:
3892:
3863:
3830:
3700:
3563:
3448:
3405:
3088:
2840:
2220:
1600:
1575:
1387:
910:
810:
772:
768:
646:
599:
562:
under founding chair W. Richard Howe. In 2002, the institution was given hundreds of
516:
477:
214:
731:
570:, after the company closed a plant in Ăśberlingen, Germany. An interim exhibition of
3850:
3463:
2906:
2584:
2322:
2279:
1711:
1522:
1464:
818:
555:
431:
371:
367:
323:
3620:
1693:"Chemistry Foundation Here Finds Element Of Surprise A Professor Left It Millions"
3820:
3590:
3528:
1859:"The Chemical Heritage Foundation: A growing resource for the chemical community"
638:
528:
339:
319:
117:
107:
2880:
1574:. foreword by James D. Watson. Philadelphia, Pa.: Chemical Heritage Foundation.
248:) in 1992, and moved two years later to the institution's current location, 315
3685:
2588:
2347:
1910:
Asiamah, Akua (2000). "Groundbreaking ceremony kicks off 2000 Ullyot Lecture".
1242:
Wotiz, John H. (2000). "History of Chemistry: The ACS Centre in Philadelphia".
956:
585:
540:
315:
157:
153:
149:
2490:
2326:
2283:
3911:
3845:
3835:
3784:
3533:
2862:
2786:
1079:"Chemical Heritage Foundation is morphing into the Science History Institute"
776:
645:
for his contributions to the history of chemistry. Thackray was succeeded by
2732:
2310:
3840:
3675:
3508:
2707:"David Allen Cole Named President and CEO of the Science History Institute"
642:
544:
536:
327:
198:
194:
84:
80:
32:
2804:
2768:
2573:"Haverford College President Thomas Tritton Will Take CHF Helm in January"
3710:
3665:
2822:
1019:
567:
359:
283:
746:
The experimental blast furnace at the Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory
581:
The Arnold O. Beckman Permanent Exhibit and the Clifford C. Hach Gallery
3725:
3600:
3134:
1745:"The Donald F. & Mildred Topp Othmer Library of Chemical History".
1476:
430:
In 1989, the center received a further challenge grant, this time from
2125:
1444:(1st ed.). Philadelphia: The Center for the History of Chemistry.
618:
On December 1, 2015, the Chemical Heritage Foundation merged with the
500:
Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy
2189:"The Art And Artifacts Of Alchemy Are Relics Of Science's Early Days"
1526:
1141:"Honoring the Othmers: Generosity, Vision, and a Transformative Gift"
2029:"History of the Chemical Heritage Scientific Instrumentation Museum"
1492:
Scaling up: science, engineering, and the American chemical industry
1468:
409:
Arnold and Mabel Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry (BCHOC)
318:
to look at creating a national center for the history of chemistry.
2521:. Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society
1267:. Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society
999:
Chemical Heritage: Newsmagazine of the Chemical Heritage Foundation
806:
491:
189:
is an institution that preserves and promotes understanding of the
3118:
172:
3129:
2750:
735:
210:
202:
95:
1361:"American Institute of Chemical Engineers Joins CHOC Endeavor".
890:, published as a quarterly by the Chemical Heritage Foundation.
301:
The idea of a Science History Institute dates to 1976, when the
809:
and Chemistry and Fashion. Highlights include the Beckman IR-1
532:
335:
206:
1569:
1407:"The Conservation of Historic American Chemical Instruments".
1105:"A philanthropic career: Arnold Beckman and chemical heritage"
1170:
Chandler, Charles Frederick; Chandler, William Henry (1876).
798:
145:
141:
791:
Dow Historical Collection: 20th-century industrial images
2682:"David Cole President and CEO at Science History Institute"
2370:"Perkin-Elmer donates analytical instruments to collection"
2634:"Chemical Heritage Foundation Names Carsten Reinhardt CEO"
2219:. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 37.
1657:
641:, the institution's first president, was awarded the 1983
2126:"First Monday Library Chat: Chemical Heritage Foundation"
1948:"A Museum of Chemical Progress: A Future Option at CHF".
2097:"Alchemy is Front-Page News, Again in the Science Times"
1572:
Arnold O. Beckman : one hundred years of excellence
240:(AIChE) became a co-founder in 1984. It was renamed the
3529:
Grand Army of the Republic Civil War Museum and Library
2008:
Swan, Elizabeth (1997). "A Letter from the Librarian".
962:
Harvard Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments
779:
and his wife on their wedding day. Highlights include:
384:
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
2933:"Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award for Supporting Industries"
1620:"CHOC becomes the Beckman Center - A Landmark Event".
1429:. Philadelphia: Center for History of Chemistry. 1983.
413:
During the 1980s, the center came to the attention of
388:
American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
309:
52:
Chemical Heritage Foundation (1992 – February 1, 2018)
727:
An RCA Model EMT3 Desktop electron microscope in 1950
425:
3869:
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
2951:
2067:"Setting The Record Straight (letter to the editor)"
1969:
The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry News
1766:
The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry News
1747:
The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry News
1728:
The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry News
1641:
The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry News
1622:
The Beckman Center for the History of Chemistry News
915:
Richard J. Bolte Sr. Award for Supporting Industries
547:
Model 125 Infrared Grating Spectrophotometer, and a
3089:"Roy G. Neville Prize in Bibliography or Biography"
589:
Exhibition gallery of the Science History Institute
1594:
1379:
220:It was founded in 1982 as a joint venture of the
3909:
3424:Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University
1595:Achilladelis, Basil; Bowden, Mary Ellen (1989).
1380:Bowden, Mary Ellen; Flaumenhaft, Daniel (1997).
1169:
1096:
788:Joseph Labovsky Collection: the history of nylon
314:In 1979, the ACS formed a task force chaired by
2026:
1690:
1490:Heitmann, John Alfred; Rhees, David J. (1990).
1342:"Center for History of Chemistry Inaugurated".
481:"Old Faithful" bakelite cooker model, in museum
442:
50:Center for the History of Chemistry (1982–1992)
2610:. Chemical Heritage Foundation. Archived from
2599:
2508:
2212:
2027:Ferraro, John R.; Brame Jr, Edward G. (2002).
1386:. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation.
1293:. Chemical Heritage Foundation. Archived from
3150:
3029:
2977:
2833:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2213:Principe, Lawrence M.; DeWitt, Lloyd (2002).
1658:University of Pennsylvania (March 15, 1988).
1489:
1284:
1282:
653:, a professor of the history of science from
2626:
1929:"CHF Move to Independence Park Draws Near".
1588:
1541:"Arnold O. Beckman and CHF: A Brief History"
1208:"ACS History Society Reaches 125th Birthday"
1201:
1199:
1197:
992:
990:
988:
986:
613:
554:'s Automated Peptide Synthesizer created by
2539:
2533:
2064:
2003:
2001:
1851:
1691:Quinones Miller, Karen E. (July 14, 1988).
1448:
1323:"Center for History of Chemistry Created".
1254:
1072:
1070:
464:
3636:National Museum of American Jewish History
3157:
3143:
2881:"Science History Institute Awards Program"
2445:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2362:
2297:
2119:
2117:
1533:
1504:
1498:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1279:
1237:
1235:
878:The Science History Institute's magazine,
25:
2464:
2426:
2265:
2259:
2247:"Famed Fisher Collection A Gift to CHF".
2143:
1891:"CHF Headquarters - Under construction".
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1651:
1570:Arnold Thackray; Minor Myers Jr. (2000).
1419:
1194:
1076:
1014:
1012:
983:
522:
509:
259:On December 1, 2015, CHF merged with the
3164:
3003:
2309:Arnaud, Celia Henry (October 27, 2008).
2206:
1998:
1832:
1813:
1738:
1442:Polymers and People: An Informal History
1433:
1400:
1373:
1067:
1043:
1041:
972:Whipple Museum of the History of Science
835:Pandora, das ist, Die edleste Gab Gottes
775:on a fishing trip and chemical engineer
741:
730:
722:
628:American Institute of Chemical Engineers
584:
476:
468:
376:American Institute of Chemical Engineers
238:American Institute of Chemical Engineers
3953:Research libraries in the United States
3429:African American Museum in Philadelphia
3081:
3055:
2843:. Science History Institute. 2016-07-05
2605:
2564:
2483:
2388:
2180:
2149:
2114:
2094:
1960:
1909:
1757:
1719:
1638:
1632:
1613:
1563:
1483:
1439:
1354:
1335:
1309:
1291:"The Power of John C. Haas's Good Name"
1232:
1205:
1102:
3910:
3489:Edgar Allan Poe National Historic Site
2899:
2654:
2648:
2570:
2308:
2240:
1979:
1941:
1922:
1903:
1884:
1782:
1677:
1163:
1133:
1077:Salisbury, Stephan (January 3, 2018).
1009:
817:'s electrospray mass spectrometer and
396:American Society for Mass Spectrometry
3706:Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial
3641:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
3559:Independence National Historical Park
3138:
2925:
2432:
2404:"Making Modernity: A Gallery Preview"
2401:
2065:Jarnutowski, Robert J. (2 Feb 2009).
2053:was never the museum's official name.
1725:
1454:
1241:
1038:
850:The Alchemist's Experiment Takes Fire
473:Chemical Heritage Foundation building
136:
2674:
2266:Morrissey, Susan R. (July 8, 2002).
2007:
1792:Historical American Buildings Survey
1776:
1764:"The Chemical Heritage Foundation".
932:, the Franklin-Lavoisier Prize, the
566:by Stephen P. DeFalco, president of
452:building at 315 Chestnut Street, an
3918:1982 establishments in Pennsylvania
3859:2016 Democratic National Convention
3611:Masonic Temple, Library, and Museum
2186:
1288:
821:'s solid-phase peptide synthesizer.
419:Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation
330:and institutional support from the
310:Center for the History of Chemistry
230:Center for the History of Chemistry
13:
3554:Historical Society of Pennsylvania
3439:American Swedish Historical Museum
2797:
2655:Everts, Sarah (January 12, 2017).
1986:"Pittcon looks back at 50 years".
426:Othmer Library of Chemical History
14:
3969:
3948:Organizations established in 1982
3696:Shofuso Japanese House and Garden
3616:Museum of the American Revolution
3110:
2636:. Chemical Processing. 2013-06-05
2123:
1599:. Philadelphia, Pa.: The Center.
31:The Science History Institute in
16:U,S, library, museum, and archive
3891:
3882:
3881:
3716:Wagner Free Institute of Science
3606:Marian Anderson Residence Museum
2608:"Tritton to retire in June 2013"
2491:"25 June 08: Chemical substance"
2374:Pharmaceutical Technology Europe
2161:. October: 18–21. Archived from
1114:. October: 32–33. Archived from
871:
857:
842:
827:
706:
694:
682:
670:
504:Society for Applied Spectroscopy
454:1866 masonry-and-brick structure
140:
135:
3958:Science museums in Pennsylvania
3549:Historical Society of Frankford
2873:
2855:
2815:
2779:
2761:
2743:
2725:
2699:
2661:Chemical & Engineering News
2577:Chemical & Engineering News
2340:
2315:Chemical & Engineering News
2272:Chemical & Engineering News
2088:
2071:Chemical & Engineering News
2058:
2020:
1967:"Wanted: Beckman Instruments".
1820:"CHF Approaches Independence".
1213:Chemical & Engineering News
1206:Reese, K. M.; Ritter, Stephen.
3923:Chestnut Street (Philadelphia)
3596:La Salle University Art Museum
3434:American Philosophical Society
3037:"Petrochemical Heritage Award"
2985:"Biotechnology Heritage Award"
2571:Reisch, Marc S. (2007-06-25).
893:
865:Trouble Comes to the Alchemist
718:
543:B5 Single-Pan Balance, a 1963
1:
3581:Institute of Contemporary Art
2546:Chemical Information Bulletin
2380:(9): 10. 2002. Archived from
2152:"Chemical heritage in the US"
1660:"Moves to 3401 Walnut Street"
1507:Journal of Chemical Education
1049:"CHF and LSF Announce Merger"
977:
967:Ullyot Public Affairs Lecture
548:
266:The institute focuses on the
3681:Rosenbach Museum and Library
3656:Philadelphia's Magic Gardens
3626:National Constitution Center
2606:Gussman, Neil (2012-10-09).
2540:Baykoucheva, Svetla (2008).
2187:Woo, Kelly (June 19, 2000).
2095:Gussman, Neil (2010-10-15).
1545:Chemical Heritage Foundation
1145:Chemical Heritage Foundation
934:Petrochemical Heritage Award
930:Biotechnology Heritage Award
665:, became president and CEO.
443:Chemical Heritage Foundation
242:Chemical Heritage Foundation
7:
3646:Philadelphia History Museum
3571:Independence Seaport Museum
3544:Historic Strawberry Mansion
1262:"John H. Wotiz (1919–2001)"
950:
10:
3974:
3938:History of science museums
3651:Philadelphia Museum of Art
3524:Glen Foerd on the Delaware
3499:Fabric Workshop and Museum
3479:Eastern State Penitentiary
3011:"Franklin-Lavoisier Prize"
2589:10.1021/cen-v085n026.p011a
2408:Chemical Heritage Magazine
2350:. University of Pittsburgh
1783:Overby, Osmund R. (2013).
888:Chemical Heritage Magazine
633:
608:Ralph Appelbaum Associates
344:University of Pennsylvania
289:
226:University of Pennsylvania
3877:
3813:
3777:
3734:
3691:Science History Institute
3686:Ryerss Museum and Library
3444:Athenaeum of Philadelphia
3414:
3342:
3284:
3174:
3126:Science History Institute
3093:Science History Institute
3067:Science History Institute
3041:Science History Institute
3015:Science History Institute
2989:Science History Institute
2963:Science History Institute
2937:Science History Institute
2911:Science History Institute
2885:Science History Institute
2867:Science History Institute
2827:Science History Institute
2809:Science History Institute
2791:Science History Institute
2773:Science History Institute
2755:Science History Institute
2751:"Center for Oral History"
2737:Science History Institute
2711:Science History Institute
2327:10.1021/cen-v086n043.p034
2284:10.1021/cen-v080n027.p030
2193:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1698:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1024:Science History Institute
917:and, in conjunction with
901:
663:Hagley Museum and Library
624:American Chemical Society
614:Science History Institute
296:American Chemical Society
222:American Chemical Society
187:Science History Institute
167:
131:
123:
113:
91:
71:
60:22 January 1982
56:
44:
40:
24:
20:Science History Institute
3539:Hill–Physick–Keith House
3484:Ebenezer Maxwell Mansion
3063:"Pittcon Heritage Award"
2516:"Arnold Thackray 1939–)"
620:Life Sciences Foundation
465:Creating a public museum
280:research and development
261:Life Sciences Foundation
3943:Museums in Philadelphia
3631:National Liberty Museum
1866:Chemistry International
1005:(1): 16–22. 2000-02-01.
596:Dagit•Saylor Architects
392:Electrochemical Society
356:Alfred D. Chandler, Jr.
3928:Heritage organizations
3519:Germantown White House
3401:Southwest Philadelphia
3391:Northwest Philadelphia
3379:Northeast Philadelphia
2959:"Winthrop-Sears Medal"
2841:"Distillations: About"
2159:Chemistry in Australia
2150:Gussman, Neil (2012).
1457:Technology and Culture
1440:Elliott, Eric (1986).
1383:Chemistry is electric!
1112:Chemistry in Australia
1103:Gussman, Neil (2012).
997:"The History of CHF".
938:Pittcon Heritage Award
747:
739:
728:
602:permanent exhibition,
590:
523:Instrument collections
510:Alchemical collections
482:
474:
415:Arnold Orville Beckman
213:, research center and
3504:Fairmount Water Works
2452:"CHF's Most Wanted".
2402:Greco, JoAnn (2008).
1785:"First National Bank"
1083:Philadelphia Inquirer
745:
734:
726:
659:Robert G. W. Anderson
588:
480:
472:
364:Christian B. Anfinsen
303:nation's bicentennial
276:history of technology
162:Market–Frankford Line
132:Public transit access
3933:History of chemistry
3167:City of Philadelphia
2471:"A Museum at CHF?".
1839:"CHF on the Move!".
1220:(13): March 26, 2001
1176:The American Chemist
945:Roy G. Neville Prize
923:Winthrop-Sears Medal
655:Bielefeld University
531:Model G pH Meter, a
496:DU spectrophotometer
490:such as the Beckman
352:Margaret W. Rossiter
332:Dow Chemical Company
268:history of chemistry
100:History of chemistry
3721:Woodmere Art Museum
3661:Please Touch Museum
2907:"Othmer Gold Medal"
2130:The Recipes Project
1801:on 14 December 2013
1628:(1): 1,11,14. 1988.
1519:1989JChEd..66...37L
1331:(1): 1–3, 11. 1982.
572:Revolutionary Tools
488:Beckman Instruments
450:First National Bank
358:and at least three
21:
3586:John Johnson House
3514:Franklin Institute
3396:South Philadelphia
3357:North Philadelphia
3264:Historic Landmarks
2686:People on the Move
2103:on August 14, 2013
1753:(2): insert. 1989.
1597:Structures of life
921:of New York, the
919:The Chemists' Club
748:
740:
729:
606:, was designed by
591:
483:
475:
437:The Chemists' Club
380:The Chemists' Club
284:science on society
272:history of science
191:history of science
104:History of science
19:
3905:
3904:
3864:Philadelphia Mint
3831:Independence Hall
3564:Independence Hall
3449:Barnes Foundation
3406:West Philadelphia
3329:Police Department
3309:District Attorney
3259:Sites of interest
2595:on July 12, 2016.
2473:Chemical Heritage
2454:Chemical Heritage
2435:Chemical Heritage
2384:on July 12, 2016.
2348:"W. Richard Howe"
2249:Chemical Heritage
2124:DiMeo, Michelle.
2010:Chemical Heritage
1988:Chemical Heritage
1950:Chemical Heritage
1931:Chemical Heritage
1912:Chemical Heritage
1893:Chemical Heritage
1841:Chemical Heritage
1822:Chemical Heritage
1772:(2): 1, 16. 1992.
1581:978-0-941901-23-9
1393:978-0-941901-17-8
1244:Chemical Heritage
911:Othmer Gold Medal
811:spectrophotometer
773:Carl Shipp Marvel
769:Wallace Carothers
701:Carsten Reinhardt
651:Carsten Reinhardt
647:Thomas R. Tritton
600:Arnold O. Beckman
517:Fisher Scientific
456:with a two-story
215:conference center
183:
182:
3965:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3826:Carpenters' Hall
3469:Civil War Museum
3464:Betsy Ross House
3454:Bartram's Garden
3168:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3122:
3121:
3119:Official website
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2837:
2831:
2830:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2614:on July 12, 2016
2603:
2597:
2596:
2591:. Archived from
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2520:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2399:
2386:
2385:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2306:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2168:on March 4, 2016
2167:
2156:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2099:. Archived from
2092:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2033:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1800:
1794:. Archived from
1789:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1712:Donald F. Othmer
1706:
1705:
1688:
1675:
1674:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1636:
1630:
1629:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1551:on July 12, 2016
1547:. Archived from
1537:
1531:
1530:
1527:10.1021/ed066p37
1502:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1320:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1297:on July 12, 2016
1286:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1203:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1147:. Archived from
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1016:
1007:
1006:
994:
861:
846:
831:
819:Bruce Merrifield
710:
698:
686:
674:
604:Making Modernity
556:Bruce Merrifield
553:
550:
432:Donald F. Othmer
372:Glenn T. Seaborg
368:Herbert C. Brown
324:Edgar Fahs Smith
282:, the impact of
201:, it includes a
179:
176:
174:
144:
139:
138:
127:David Allen Cole
67:
65:
29:
22:
18:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3873:
3821:Delaware Valley
3809:
3773:
3730:
3671:RittenhouseTown
3591:John Ruan House
3494:Elfreth's Alley
3459:Belmont Mansion
3410:
3338:
3334:School district
3319:Fire Department
3280:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2665:
2663:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2604:
2600:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2479:(2): 8–9. 1996.
2470:
2469:
2465:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2431:
2427:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2389:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2307:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2264:
2260:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2185:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2154:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2093:
2089:
2075:
2073:
2063:
2059:
2045:
2043:
2031:
2025:
2021:
2006:
1999:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1908:
1904:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1847:(2): 7–8. 1996.
1838:
1837:
1833:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1787:
1781:
1777:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1724:
1720:
1703:
1701:
1689:
1678:
1662:
1656:
1652:
1637:
1633:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1552:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1503:
1499:
1488:
1484:
1469:10.2307/3105331
1453:
1449:
1438:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1378:
1374:
1369:(1): 1–3. 1984.
1360:
1359:
1355:
1350:(3): 1–3. 1983.
1341:
1340:
1336:
1322:
1321:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1289:Gussman, Neil.
1287:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1240:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1204:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1075:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1010:
996:
995:
984:
980:
953:
904:
896:
876:
867:
862:
853:
847:
838:
832:
721:
714:
713:Robert Anderson
711:
702:
699:
690:
687:
678:
677:Arnold Thackray
675:
639:Arnold Thackray
636:
616:
583:
551:
525:
512:
467:
445:
428:
411:
340:Arnold Thackray
320:Arnold Thackray
312:
298:(ACS) in 1876.
292:
250:Chestnut Street
175:.sciencehistory
171:
118:Arnold Thackray
108:Instrumentation
77:Chestnut Street
63:
61:
51:
47:
36:
35:in October 2019
17:
12:
11:
5:
3971:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3889:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3372:Olney-Oak Lane
3369:
3364:
3354:
3348:
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3276:Transportation
3273:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3256:
3251:
3249:Notable people
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3123:
3112:
3111:External links
3109:
3107:
3106:
3080:
3054:
3028:
3002:
2976:
2950:
2924:
2898:
2872:
2854:
2832:
2814:
2796:
2778:
2760:
2742:
2724:
2698:
2673:
2647:
2625:
2598:
2563:
2532:
2507:
2495:Philly Skyline
2482:
2463:
2460:(2): 16. 2008.
2444:
2425:
2387:
2361:
2339:
2296:
2258:
2255:(2): 11. 2000.
2239:
2225:
2205:
2179:
2142:
2113:
2087:
2057:
2019:
1997:
1994:(1): 35. 1999.
1978:
1959:
1940:
1921:
1902:
1899:(2): 13. 1998.
1883:
1850:
1831:
1812:
1775:
1756:
1737:
1718:
1676:
1650:
1631:
1612:
1605:
1587:
1580:
1562:
1532:
1497:
1482:
1463:(4): 832–834.
1447:
1432:
1418:
1415:(3): 12. 1983.
1399:
1392:
1372:
1353:
1334:
1308:
1278:
1253:
1231:
1193:
1162:
1132:
1095:
1066:
1055:. Oct 14, 2015
1037:
1008:
981:
979:
976:
975:
974:
969:
964:
959:
957:Burndy Library
952:
949:
903:
900:
895:
892:
875:
870:
869:
868:
863:
856:
854:
848:
841:
839:
833:
826:
823:
822:
802:
794:
793:
792:
789:
786:
783:
764:
760:
756:
720:
717:
716:
715:
712:
705:
703:
700:
693:
691:
688:
681:
679:
676:
669:
635:
632:
615:
612:
582:
579:
524:
521:
511:
508:
466:
463:
444:
441:
427:
424:
410:
407:
316:Ned D. Heindel
311:
308:
291:
288:
181:
180:
169:
165:
164:
133:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
93:
89:
88:
73:
69:
68:
58:
54:
53:
48:
45:
42:
41:
38:
37:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3970:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:United States
3849:
3847:
3846:Syng inkstand
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Congress Hall
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3621:MĂĽtter Museum
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Grumblethorpe
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3344:Neighborhoods
3341:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3148:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3068:
3064:
3058:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3016:
3012:
3006:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2869:. 2016-05-31.
2868:
2864:
2863:"Fellowships"
2858:
2842:
2836:
2829:. 2016-05-31.
2828:
2824:
2818:
2811:. 2016-05-31.
2810:
2806:
2800:
2793:. 2016-05-31.
2792:
2788:
2787:"Photographs"
2782:
2775:. 2016-05-31.
2774:
2770:
2764:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2739:. 2016-06-27.
2738:
2734:
2728:
2713:. 18 May 2020
2712:
2708:
2702:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2635:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2567:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2517:
2511:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2349:
2343:
2328:
2324:
2321:(43): 34–36.
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2285:
2281:
2278:(27): 30–32.
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2243:
2228:
2226:9780941901321
2222:
2218:
2217:
2209:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2164:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1975:(3): 9. 1989.
1974:
1970:
1963:
1956:(1): 7. 1995.
1955:
1951:
1944:
1937:(2): 3. 1995.
1936:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1887:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1828:(2): 1. 1992.
1827:
1823:
1816:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1713:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:(2): 1,11–15.
1646:
1642:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1606:9780941901079
1602:
1598:
1591:
1583:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1486:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1410:
1403:
1395:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1263:
1257:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1236:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1182:(11): 401–402
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1151:on 2016-07-12
1150:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1121:on 2016-03-04
1117:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1071:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1042:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
1004:
1000:
993:
991:
989:
987:
982:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
948:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
907:
899:
891:
889:
885:
884:Distillations
881:
880:Distillations
874:
873:Distillations
866:
860:
855:
851:
845:
840:
836:
830:
825:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
800:
795:
790:
787:
784:
781:
780:
778:
777:Donald Othmer
774:
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
752:
751:
744:
737:
733:
725:
709:
704:
697:
692:
685:
680:
673:
668:
667:
666:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
631:
629:
625:
621:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
587:
578:
575:
573:
569:
565:
559:
557:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
520:
518:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
479:
471:
462:
459:
455:
451:
440:
439:of New York.
438:
433:
423:
420:
416:
406:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
307:
304:
299:
297:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
193:. Located in
192:
188:
178:
170:
166:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
130:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:, 19106, U.S.
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
59:
55:
49:
43:
39:
34:
28:
23:
3852:
3841:Liberty Bell
3690:
3676:Rodin Museum
3509:Fort Mifflin
3324:Free Library
3304:City Council
3224:Demographics
3204:Bibliography
3199:Architecture
3097:. Retrieved
3095:. 2016-07-05
3092:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3069:. 2016-05-31
3066:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3043:. 2016-05-31
3040:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3017:. 2016-05-31
3014:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2991:. 2016-05-31
2988:
2979:
2967:. Retrieved
2965:. 2016-05-31
2962:
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2939:. 2016-05-31
2936:
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2913:. 2016-05-31
2910:
2901:
2889:. Retrieved
2887:. 2016-06-27
2884:
2875:
2866:
2857:
2845:. Retrieved
2835:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2763:
2754:
2745:
2736:
2733:"Rare Books"
2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2710:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:
2676:
2664:. Retrieved
2660:
2650:
2638:. Retrieved
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:the original
2601:
2593:the original
2580:
2576:
2566:
2554:. Retrieved
2549:
2545:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2494:
2485:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2411:
2407:
2382:the original
2377:
2373:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2318:
2314:
2287:. Retrieved
2275:
2271:
2261:
2252:
2248:
2242:
2230:. Retrieved
2215:
2208:
2196:. Retrieved
2192:
2182:
2170:. Retrieved
2163:the original
2158:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2129:
2105:. Retrieved
2101:the original
2090:
2081:
2074:. Retrieved
2070:
2060:
2051:
2044:. Retrieved
2039:
2036:Spectroscopy
2035:
2022:
2013:
2009:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1972:
1968:
1962:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1869:
1865:
1853:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1796:the original
1791:
1778:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1708:
1702:. Retrieved
1696:
1670:
1666:
1653:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1596:
1590:
1571:
1565:
1553:. Retrieved
1549:the original
1544:
1535:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1421:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1382:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1328:
1324:
1301:23 September
1299:. Retrieved
1295:the original
1269:. Retrieved
1256:
1247:
1243:
1222:. Retrieved
1217:
1211:
1184:. Retrieved
1179:
1175:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:the original
1144:
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1116:the original
1111:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1057:. Retrieved
1052:
1028:. Retrieved
1026:. 2016-05-31
1023:
1002:
998:
942:
927:
908:
905:
897:
887:
883:
879:
877:
872:
864:
849:
834:
749:
643:Dexter Award
637:
617:
603:
592:
576:
571:
560:
545:Perkin-Elmer
537:John B. Fenn
526:
513:
484:
446:
429:
412:
400:
349:
328:John C. Haas
313:
300:
293:
278:, trends in
265:
258:
245:
241:
233:
229:
219:
199:Pennsylvania
195:Philadelphia
186:
184:
92:Key holdings
85:Pennsylvania
81:Philadelphia
33:Philadelphia
3800:Rittenhouse
3711:Penn Museum
3666:Powel House
3576:Insectarium
3384:River Wards
3367:Upper North
3362:Lower North
3352:Center City
3271:Skyscrapers
2083:comparison.
1918:(4): 10–11.
1805:15 November
1250:(3): 45–46.
1059:19 November
1053:PR Newswire
894:Fellowships
719:Collections
689:Tom Tritton
568:PerkinElmer
564:instruments
552: 1980
403:Smithsonian
360:Nobel Prize
57:Established
46:Former name
3912:Categories
3805:Washington
3726:Wyck House
3601:Lemon Hill
3286:Government
2805:"Fine Art"
2769:"Archives"
2666:17 January
2583:(26): 11.
2552:(2): 10–13
2414:(1): 21–25
2107:2013-06-24
1704:2008-10-22
1088:1 February
978:References
64:1982-01-22
3294:City Hall
3234:Education
3209:Companies
2823:"Objects"
2525:1 January
1872:(1). 1998
1734:(2): 1–2.
1513:(1): 37.
1409:CHOC News
1363:CHOC News
1344:CHOC News
1325:CHOC News
1271:1 January
1020:"History"
815:John Fenn
539:, a 1947
362:winners,
228:, as the
124:President
3887:Category
3790:Franklin
3764:Phillies
3759:Freedoms
3474:Cliveden
3187:Timeline
3099:23 March
3073:23 March
3047:24 March
3021:24 March
2995:24 March
2969:23 March
2943:23 March
2917:23 March
2891:24 March
2847:June 15,
2556:19 March
2500:17 March
2441:(3): 39.
2418:10 March
2354:18 March
2332:17 March
2289:18 March
2232:18 March
2198:17 March
2172:10 March
2135:19 March
2016:(1): 15.
1876:18 March
1555:12 March
1224:11 March
1186:19 March
1155:11 March
1125:10 March
1030:27 March
951:See also
936:and the
807:Bakelite
626:and the
494:and the
492:pH meter
448:was the
394:and the
254:Old City
224:and the
72:Location
3814:Related
3778:Squares
3701:Stenton
3416:Museums
3314:Airport
3229:Economy
3219:Culture
3214:Cuisine
3182:History
3130:YouTube
2640:26 June
2618:26 June
1667:Almanac
1515:Bibcode
1477:3105331
913:, the
759:fields.
738:buttons
736:Catalin
634:Leaders
541:Mettler
529:Beckman
458:Palazzo
290:History
236:). The
211:archive
203:library
168:Website
114:Founder
96:Alchemy
62: (
3897:Portal
3785:Centre
3754:Flyers
3749:Eagles
3736:Sports
3194:Accent
3175:Topics
2717:26 May
2691:26 May
2223:
1603:
1578:
1475:
1390:
902:Awards
852:, 1687
837:, 1582
533:DuPont
417:. The
390:, the
386:, the
382:, the
374:. The
370:, and
336:DuPont
274:, the
270:, the
207:museum
3795:Logan
3769:Union
3744:76ers
3299:Mayor
3254:Riots
3244:Music
3239:Media
2519:(PDF)
2166:(PDF)
2155:(PDF)
2076:2 May
2046:2 May
2032:(PDF)
1862:(PDF)
1799:(PDF)
1788:(PDF)
1673:(25).
1663:(PDF)
1473:JSTOR
1265:(PDF)
1119:(PDF)
1108:(PDF)
799:ramie
148:bus:
146:SEPTA
3101:2018
3075:2018
3049:2018
3023:2018
2997:2018
2971:2018
2945:2018
2919:2018
2893:2018
2849:2017
2719:2020
2693:2020
2668:2017
2642:2013
2620:2013
2558:2015
2527:2006
2502:2015
2420:2015
2356:2015
2334:2015
2291:2015
2234:2015
2221:ISBN
2200:2015
2174:2015
2137:2015
2078:2014
2048:2014
2042:(34)
1878:2015
1807:2013
1601:ISBN
1576:ISBN
1557:2015
1388:ISBN
1303:2013
1273:2006
1226:2015
1188:2015
1157:2015
1127:2015
1090:2018
1061:2016
1032:2018
943:The
771:and
354:and
334:and
234:CHOC
185:The
177:.org
75:315
3851:SS
3128:at
2585:doi
2323:doi
2280:doi
1523:doi
1465:doi
252:in
246:CHF
173:www
3914::
3091:.
3065:.
3039:.
3013:.
2987:.
2961:.
2935:.
2909:.
2883:.
2865:.
2825:.
2807:.
2789:.
2771:.
2753:.
2735:.
2709:.
2684:.
2659:.
2581:85
2579:.
2575:.
2550:60
2548:.
2544:.
2493:.
2477:13
2475:.
2458:26
2456:.
2439:20
2437:.
2412:26
2410:.
2406:.
2390:^
2378:14
2376:.
2372:.
2319:86
2317:.
2313:.
2299:^
2276:80
2274:.
2270:.
2253:18
2251:.
2191:.
2157:.
2128:.
2116:^
2080:.
2069:.
2050:.
2040:17
2038:.
2034:.
2014:15
2012:.
2000:^
1992:17
1990:.
1971:.
1954:13
1952:.
1935:12
1933:.
1916:18
1914:.
1897:16
1895:.
1870:20
1868:.
1864:.
1845:13
1843:.
1826:11
1824:.
1790:.
1768:.
1749:.
1730:.
1707:.
1695:.
1679:^
1671:34
1669:.
1665:.
1643:.
1624:.
1543:.
1521:.
1511:66
1509:.
1471:.
1461:27
1459:.
1411:.
1365:.
1346:.
1327:.
1311:^
1281:^
1248:18
1246:.
1234:^
1218:79
1216:.
1210:.
1196:^
1178:.
1174:.
1143:.
1110:.
1081:.
1069:^
1051:.
1040:^
1022:.
1011:^
1003:18
1001:.
985:^
940:.
925:.
813:,
558:.
549:c.
398:.
366:,
256:.
217:.
209:,
205:,
197:,
160:,
158:57
156:,
154:42
152:,
150:21
106:,
102:,
98:,
83:,
79:,
3158:e
3151:t
3144:v
3103:.
3077:.
3051:.
3025:.
2999:.
2973:.
2947:.
2921:.
2895:.
2851:.
2757:.
2721:.
2695:.
2670:.
2644:.
2622:.
2587::
2560:.
2529:.
2504:.
2422:.
2358:.
2336:.
2325::
2293:.
2282::
2236:.
2202:.
2176:.
2139:.
2110:.
1973:6
1880:.
1809:.
1770:9
1751:6
1732:6
1645:5
1626:5
1609:.
1584:.
1559:.
1529:.
1525::
1517::
1479:.
1467::
1413:1
1396:.
1367:2
1348:1
1329:1
1305:.
1275:.
1228:.
1190:.
1180:7
1159:.
1129:.
1092:.
1063:.
1034:.
801:.
244:(
232:(
66:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
