285:
There are several clusters of
Adamawa languages; among the Gur languages, only the core of that proposal (Central Gur) has been retained, though it is possible that some of the 'peripheral' languages may turn out to be related to each other. Kleinewillinghöfer et al. (2012) note that a reconstruction
254:
The GurâAdamawa link was demonstrated in
Kleinewillinghöfer (1996) and has been accepted as established by later researchers, who have gone further in noting that the Adamawa and Gur languages themselves do not form coherent groups and are not necessarily more closely related internally than they are
520:
Kleinewillinghöfer et al. (2012) note that the reconstruction of the noun-class system indicates that Waja ('TulaâWaja') and LekoâNimbari ('SamaâDuru') (and possibly other
Adamawa groups) belong with Central Gur, and that the noun-class system they reconstruct for these languages is akin to those of
303:
family from NigerâCongo altogether, stating that it "probably constitutes an independent language family that cannot or can no longer be shown to be related to NigerâCongo (or any other family)," though the
Ubangian languages are themselves not a valid group, and the Gbaya branch may turn out to be
307:
Apart from such exceptions, Dimmendaal notes that the
Savanna languages "can be shown to be genetically related beyond any reasonable doubt. The evidence is not only lexical in nature, it is based primarily on a range of cognate grammatical morphemes."
529:
GĂŒldemann (2018) recognises the following coherent "genealogical units" (8 Gur, 14 Adamawa, and 7 Ubangi) but is agnostic about their positions within Niger-Congo.
1057:. âLinguistisches Kolloquiumâ, Seminar fĂŒr Afrikawissenschaften, 04 Februar 2014. Institut fĂŒr Asien- und Afrikawissenschaften, Humboldt-UniversitĂ€t zu Berlin.
1166:
1005:
Bennett, Patrick R. 1983. Adamawa-Eastern: problems and prospects. - in: Dihoff, I. R. (ed.) Current
Approaches to African Linguistics. Vol. 1: 23-48.
1133:
753:
Below is a list of major
Savannas (Adamawa) branches and their primary locations (centres of diversity) within Nigeria based on Blench (2019).
1054:
1015:
1041:
1159:
1084:
1067:
GĂŒldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In GĂŒldemann, Tom (ed.).
2267:
942:
926:
1152:
958:
844:
325:
Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) notes that many "Adamawa" languages in fact share more similarities with various (Central)
1122:
296:(ex-Adamawa) are excluded from Savannas, as they appear to be some of the more divergent branches of NigerâCongo.
2236:
792:
2003:
1184:
411:
243:
58:
2096:
1507:
1493:
824:
399:
2272:
2047:
1996:
1550:
1518:
812:
385:
149:
117:
2210:
1609:
1436:
1427:
1237:
1175:
686:
232:
63:
52:
1897:
1630:
1218:
775:
453:
39:
2246:
1877:
1855:
1697:
1486:
1330:
1287:
1211:
901:
602:
580:
449:
275:
107:
2277:
2010:
1027:
Gerrit
Dimmendaal, 2008, "Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent",
865:
475:
467:
421:
329:
than with other
Adamawa languages, and proposes that early Gur-Adamawa speakers had cultivated
162:
1128:
Rapid appraisal and lexicostatistical analysis surveys of Dama, Mono, Pam, Ndai and Oblo (PDF)
341:
The
Savannas languages, with an agnostic approach to internal classification, are as follows:
2187:
2066:
1868:
1749:
1587:
1477:
1071:. The World of Linguistics series. Vol. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58â444.
546:
319:
992:
Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 1996. 'Relationship between Adamawa and Gur: The case of Waja.'
2241:
619:
267:
8:
1742:
1534:
614:
271:
1682:
1452:
1363:
696:
497:
445:
315:
178:
167:
93:
1130:
by Michael & Charlene Ayotte, 2002. SIL Electronic Survey Reports SILESR 2002-048.
1127:
210:
2075:
1982:
1651:
1466:
1320:
1294:
1274:
1202:
1139:
1080:
724:
675:
634:
594:
551:
355:
123:
111:
89:
2143:
2089:
2082:
2040:
1989:
1805:
1665:
1658:
1594:
1566:
1527:
1459:
1399:
1393:
1337:
1268:
1255:
1072:
853:
719:
629:
608:
585:
457:
415:
300:
289:
279:
236:
2126:
2119:
2113:
2034:
1887:
1883:
1839:
1825:
1712:
1637:
1580:
1573:
1559:
1500:
1412:
1379:
1372:
729:
709:
704:
557:
503:
490:
362:
172:
129:
47:
2202:
2195:
2157:
2149:
1975:
1931:
1863:
1780:
1724:
1676:
1623:
1617:
1540:
1405:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1280:
1261:
967:
889:
833:
734:
640:
624:
575:
569:
563:
471:
463:
425:
407:
403:
392:
378:
370:
293:
155:
143:
136:
1076:
517:
was left unclassified within Adamawa, and has not been addressed in Savannas.
2261:
2218:
2164:
2029:
1941:
1936:
1927:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1872:
1818:
1812:
1798:
1791:
1736:
1730:
1719:
1706:
1644:
1386:
1325:
1314:
1305:
1250:
1244:
1225:
971:
963:
919:
915:
893:
883:
871:
837:
797:
785:
714:
651:
646:
538:
514:
433:
429:
350:
326:
286:
of proto-Central Gur noun classes needs to include several Adamawa families.
239:
194:
185:
102:
85:
1945:
1909:
1905:
1785:
1755:
1671:
1231:
951:
947:
935:
931:
911:
907:
875:
817:
801:
664:
657:
483:
438:
311:
262:
branch consisting of Gurunsi, "Ubangian", and Trans-Benue groups, with the
35:
1771:
857:
330:
1144:
829:
1134:
Vocabulaires comparés des instruments aratoires dans le Nord-Cameroun
204:
849:
805:
1014:
Miehe, Kleinewillinghöfer, von Roncador, & Winkelmann, 2012. "
1107:(4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
2180:
781:
1766:
748:
2259:
521:Bantu, Senufo, Tiefo, Vyemo, Tusya, and "Samu".
1098:
1096:
1160:
761:Distributions of Adamawa branches in Nigeria
333:and millet in a wooded savanna environment.
249:
1093:
1167:
1153:
1066:
322:) rather than an actual coherent branch.
266:group consisting of the Burak-Jen (i.e.,
1174:
1060:
1069:The Languages and Linguistics of Africa
2260:
1102:
1148:
314:(2012) considers Gur-Adamawa to be a
1016:Overview of noun classes in Gur (II)
532:
258:Bennett (1983) had also mentioned a
524:
13:
1053:Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014.
14:
2289:
1115:
402:a.k.a. LekoâNimbari (ex-Adamawa:
358:(a.k.a. "KulangoâLorhon": ex-Gur)
1042:Niger-Congo: an alternative view
1029:Language and Linguistics Compass
749:Branches and locations (Nigeria)
994:Gur Papers / Cahiers Voltaiques
299:Dimmendaal (2008) excludes the
1105:An Atlas of Nigerian Languages
1047:
1034:
1021:
1008:
999:
986:
1:
2041:Samogo (partial: DuunâSembla)
979:
336:
7:
1997:SosoâJalonke (SusuâYalunka)
10:
2294:
366:(a.k.a. "BaatonƩ": ex-Gur)
2229:
2173:
2136:
2106:
2065:
2020:
1965:
1958:
1896:
1854:
1847:
1838:
1764:
1696:
1608:
1549:
1517:
1476:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1362:
1304:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1123:List of Adamawa languages
1077:10.1515/9783110421668-002
260:North Central Niger-Congo
250:History of classification
203:
80:
48:Linguistic classification
46:
28:
23:
18:
1103:Blench, Roger (2019).
396:(a.k.a. "Win": ex-Gur)
2268:VoltaâCongo languages
1140:Adamawa-Gur languages
1040:Blench, Roger. 2012.
233:NigerâCongo languages
231:, is a branch of the
34:West Africa, around
1394:Ngbaka (MunduâBaka)
763:
2004:Southwestern Mande
770:Primary locations
759:
316:language continuum
221:Savannas languages
2273:Adamawa languages
2255:
2254:
2237:Proto-NigerâCongo
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
1954:
1953:
1834:
1833:
1692:
1691:
1604:
1603:
1508:Upper Cross River
1494:Lower Cross River
1422:
1421:
1262:Mbum (KebiâBenue)
1086:978-3-11-042606-9
977:
976:
745:
744:
270:), Yungur (i.e.,
217:
216:
2285:
2211:Serengeti-Dorobo
2023:(SamogoâSoninke)
1968:(MandingâKpelle)
1963:
1962:
1852:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1551:Southern Bantoid
1519:Northern Bantoid
1442:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1189:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1146:
1145:
1109:
1108:
1100:
1091:
1090:
1064:
1058:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
990:
764:
758:
533:
525:GĂŒldemann (2018)
304:related to Gur.
223:, also known as
213:
16:
15:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2230:Proto-languages
2225:
2169:
2132:
2102:
2053:
2022:
2016:
1967:
1950:
1892:
1830:
1769:
1760:
1688:
1600:
1545:
1513:
1472:
1418:
1358:
1300:
1179:
1173:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1065:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
991:
987:
982:
756:
751:
746:
527:
511:
346:Savannas
339:
255:to each other.
252:
244:AdamawaâUbangui
209:
98:
97:
38:in the west to
30:
12:
11:
5:
2291:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2247:Proto-Yoruboid
2244:
2239:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2206:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1902:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1881:
1878:Samo (Burkina)
1875:
1866:
1860:
1858:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1702:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1448:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1331:Samo (Burkina)
1328:
1323:
1318:
1310:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1295:Yendang (Maya)
1291:
1284:
1277:
1275:Nyingwom (Kam)
1272:
1265:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1185:AtlanticâCongo
1181:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1121:Blench (2004)
1117:
1116:External links
1114:
1111:
1110:
1092:
1085:
1059:
1046:
1033:
1020:
1007:
998:
984:
983:
981:
978:
975:
974:
961:
955:
954:
945:
939:
938:
929:
923:
922:
905:
897:
896:
887:
879:
878:
869:
861:
860:
847:
841:
840:
827:
821:
820:
815:
809:
808:
795:
789:
788:
779:
772:
771:
768:
750:
747:
743:
742:
738:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
700:
692:
691:
690:
683:
672:
661:
654:
649:
644:
638:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
605:
599:
598:
590:
589:
588:
583:
578:
573:
566:
561:
554:
549:
543:
542:
531:
526:
523:
510:
509:
508:
507:
500:
494:
488:
487:(a.k.a. "Kwa")
479:
461:
443:
419:
397:
389:
383:
375:
367:
359:
353:
343:
338:
335:
251:
248:
235:that includes
215:
214:
207:
201:
200:
199:
198:
190:
181:
175:
170:
165:
160:
152:
147:
140:
133:
126:
121:
120:(close to Gur)
115:
114:(close to Gur)
105:
82:
78:
77:
76:
75:
74:
73:
72:
71:
59:AtlanticâCongo
50:
44:
43:
32:
26:
25:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2290:
2279:
2278:Gur languages
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2097:TalodiâHeiban
2094:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1698:West Atlantic
1695:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1487:Central Delta
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1106:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1050:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1002:
995:
989:
985:
973:
972:Adamawa State
969:
965:
962:
960:
957:
956:
953:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
937:
933:
930:
928:
925:
924:
921:
920:Adamawa State
917:
913:
909:
906:
904:
903:
899:
898:
895:
894:Adamawa State
891:
888:
886:
885:
881:
880:
877:
873:
870:
868:
867:
863:
862:
859:
855:
851:
848:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:Adamawa State
835:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
819:
816:
814:
811:
810:
807:
803:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:Adamawa State
783:
780:
777:
774:
773:
769:
766:
765:
762:
757:
754:
741:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
698:
695:
694:
693:
689:
688:
684:
682:
678:
677:
673:
671:
667:
666:
662:
660:
659:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
610:
606:
604:
601:
600:
596:
593:
592:
591:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
571:
567:
565:
562:
560:
559:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:(Central) Gur
545:
544:
540:
537:
536:
535:
534:
530:
522:
518:
516:
515:Oblo language
513:The moribund
506:(ex-Ubangian)
505:
501:
499:
495:
493:(ex-Ubangian)
492:
489:
486:
485:
480:
477:
473:
470:(ex-Adamawa:
469:
465:
462:
459:
455:
451:
448:(ex-Adamawa:
447:
444:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
424:(ex-Adamawa:
423:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:ChambaâMumuye
398:
395:
394:
390:
387:
384:
381:
380:
376:
373:
372:
368:
365:
364:
360:
357:
354:
352:
348:
347:
345:
344:
342:
334:
332:
328:
327:Gur languages
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:
297:
295:
292:(ex-Gur) and
291:
287:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
256:
247:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
212:
208:
206:
202:
197:
196:
191:
189:
187:
182:
180:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
157:
153:
151:
148:
146:
145:
141:
139:
138:
134:
132:
131:
127:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
104:
100:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
70:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
60:
57:
56:
54:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
27:
22:
17:
2217:
2209:
2194:
2188:Dima-Bottego
2186:
2174:Unclassified
2156:
2148:
2125:
2118:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2048:SoninkeâBozo
2046:
2039:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1966:Central West
1817:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1748:
1741:
1729:
1705:
1681:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1533:
1526:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1465:
1458:
1451:
1411:
1406:Sere (Ndogo)
1404:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1336:
1313:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1267:
1260:
1243:
1236:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1193:
1104:
1068:
1062:
1049:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1010:
1001:
993:
988:
952:Taraba State
948:Karim Lamido
936:Taraba State
932:Karim Lamido
912:Taraba State
908:Karim Lamido
900:
882:
876:Taraba State
864:
818:Taraba State
760:
755:
752:
739:
685:
680:
674:
669:
663:
656:
607:
568:
556:
528:
519:
512:
482:
437:
391:
386:WaraâNatyoro
377:
369:
361:
340:
324:
312:Roger Blench
310:
306:
298:
288:
284:
263:
259:
257:
253:
228:
224:
220:
218:
193:
184:
154:
150:WaraâNatyoro
142:
135:
128:
118:LekoâNimbari
81:Subdivisions
68:
36:Burkina Faso
31:distribution
2242:Proto-Bantu
2067:Kordofanian
2035:Jowulu (JÉ)
1772:Ivory Coast
1750:Senegambian
1610:VoltaâNiger
1588:Grassfields
1478:Cross River
1437:BenueâCongo
1428:VoltaâCongo
1315:Central Gur
1176:NigerâCongo
1136:, Tourneaux
858:Gombe State
637:(Yendangic)
331:guinea corn
282:subgroups.
264:Trans-Benue
237:Greenberg's
229:AdamawaâGur
225:GurâAdamawa
92:, possibly
64:VoltaâCongo
53:NigerâCongo
42:in the east
24:GurâAdamawa
2262:Categories
1631:AyereâAhan
1281:SambaâDuru
1251:Kwah (Baa)
1219:BikwinâJen
980:References
830:Mayo Belwa
720:Mundu-Baka
641:Kebi-Benue
625:Samba-Duru
620:Bikwin-Jen
349:(Central)
268:Bikwin-Jen
246:families.
101:(Central)
88:, most ex-
29:Geographic
2021:Northwest
1848:Southeast
1743:Rio Nunez
1535:Mambiloid
1288:TulaâWaja
1212:BenaâMboi
615:Bena-Mboi
603:Tula-Waja
552:Kulangoic
337:Languages
272:Bena-Mboi
205:Glottolog
2214:" ?
2137:Isolates
2011:VaiâKono
1898:Southern
1765:Others (
1683:Yoruboid
1453:Jukunoid
1364:Ubangian
1194:Savannas
1178:branches
1031:2/5:841.
996:1.25â46.
850:Kaltungo
806:Cameroon
804:States;
725:Ngbandic
676:Nyingwom
643:(Mbumic)
498:Ubangian
446:Bambukic
436:, &
422:MbumâDay
388:(ex-Gur)
382:(ex-Gur)
374:(ex-Gur)
301:Ubangian
211:nort3149
179:Ubangian
168:Bambukic
163:MbumâDay
94:Ubangian
84:most ex-
69:Savannas
19:Savannas
2222: ?
2205: ?
2199: ?
2191: ?
2183: ?
2161: ?
2153: ?
2144:Bangime
1983:Manding
1880: ?
1856:Eastern
1822: ?
1809: ?
1806:Mangree
1652:Idomoid
1467:Plateau
1445:Platoid
1400:Ngbandi
1333: ?
1321:Kulango
1256:Longuda
1203:Adamawa
1055:Adamawa
854:Balanga
825:Yendang
798:Adamawa
735:Ndogoic
730:Bandaic
705:Gbayaic
630:Mumuyic
609:Longuda
595:Adamawa
356:Kulango
320:linkage
280:Longuda
274:), and
124:Kulango
90:Adamawa
2181:Degere
2114:Defaka
2107:Others
2090:Rashad
2083:Lafofa
1990:Mokole
1888:Tyenga
1884:Shanga
1826:Siamou
1713:Bijago
1666:Nupoid
1659:Igboid
1595:Tivoid
1567:Beboid
1528:Dakoid
1460:Kainji
1349:Tusian
1338:Senufo
1326:Miyobe
1269:Mumuye
1083:
970:LGAs,
959:Yungur
943:Bikwin
856:LGAs,
836:LGAs,
813:Mumuye
802:Taraba
782:Fufore
778:(Vere)
767:Branch
740:
710:Zandic
697:Ubangi
586:Senufo
581:Samuic
576:Tusian
558:Miyobe
363:Bariba
290:Senufo
130:Bariba
2203:Rimba
2196:Omaio
2158:Komta
2150:Jalaa
2127:Ijoid
2120:Dogon
2076:Katla
1932:Yaure
1864:Bissa
1840:Mande
1781:Dompo
1767:Ghana
1725:Limba
1677:Ukaan
1638:Edoid
1624:Akpes
1618:Akoko
1581:Ekoid
1574:Bendi
1560:Bantu
1541:Tikar
1501:Ogoni
1413:Zande
1380:Gbaya
1373:Banda
1354:Viemo
1344:Tiefo
968:Guyuk
950:LGA,
934:LGA,
918:LGA,
910:LGA,
892:LGA,
890:Numan
874:LGA,
834:Numan
784:LGA,
715:Mbaic
652:Buaic
647:Kimic
570:Viemo
564:Tiefo
504:Zande
491:Gbaya
393:Tusya
379:Tiefo
371:Vyemo
188:(Kwa)
173:Gbaya
158:(Win)
156:Tusya
144:Tiefo
137:Vyemo
2219:Wawu
2165:Laal
2030:Bobo
1976:Jogo
1959:West
1937:Mano
1928:Guro
1923:Beng
1919:Gban
1914:Tura
1873:Boko
1869:Busa
1819:Mpra
1813:Mbre
1770:and
1737:Nalu
1720:Gola
1238:Fali
1081:ISBN
966:and
964:Song
916:Yola
914:and
902:Laka
872:Bali
852:and
845:Waja
832:and
800:and
793:Leko
776:Duru
699:area
687:Fali
635:Maya
597:area
541:area
464:Waja
294:Fali
276:Tula
242:and
219:The
195:Oblo
108:Waja
1946:Wan
1942:Mwa
1910:Goo
1906:Dan
1799:Kwa
1792:Kru
1786:Ega
1756:Sua
1731:Mel
1707:Bak
1672:Oko
1645:Gbe
1387:Mba
1306:Gur
1245:Kim
1232:Day
1226:Bua
1073:doi
927:Jen
884:Baa
866:Kam
681:Kam
670:Kwa
665:Baa
658:Day
539:Gur
484:Baa
468:Kam
458:G10
439:Day
434:G14
430:G13
416:G12
351:Gur
240:Gur
227:or
186:Baa
112:Kam
103:Gur
86:Gur
40:CAR
2264::
1095:^
1079:.
679:=
668:=
502:?
496:?
481:?
476:G8
474:,
472:G1
456:,
454:G9
452:,
450:G7
432:,
428:,
426:G6
414:,
412:G5
410:,
408:G4
406:,
404:G2
192:?
183:?
177:?
2208:"
1944:â
1930:â
1921:â
1912:â
1908:â
1886:â
1871:â
1774:)
1168:e
1161:t
1154:v
1089:.
1075::
1044:.
1018:"
478:)
466:â
460:)
442:)
418:)
318:(
278:-
110:â
96::
55:?
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.