524:, the Savannah River Site received contaminated soil from the environmental clean up and remediation. Soil with radiation contamination levels above 1.2 MBq/m2 was placed in 250-litre (66 U.S. gallon) drums and shipped to the Savannah River Plant for burial. A total of 2.2 hectares (5.4 acres) was decontaminated by this technique, producing 6,000 barrels. 17 hectares (42 acres) of land with lower levels of contamination was mixed to a depth of 30 centimeters (12 in) by harrowing and plowing. On rocky slopes with contamination above 120 kBq/m, the soil was removed with hand tools and shipped to the United States in barrels.
81:
59:
969:) - submitted a proposal in June 2007 for the new M&O Contract. A team led by URS and including many of the WSRC partners also submitted a proposal. On January 9, 2008 it was announced that SRNS LLC had won the new contract, with a 90-day transition period to start 24 January 2008. However, the transition was delayed by a protest filed with GAO by the URS team on 22 January 2008. The GAO denied the protest on 25 April. DOE-SR then directed SRNS to start transition on 2 May and take over operation on 1 August 2008.
373:
749:(ARRA) project representing a $ 1.6 billion investment in SRS. This project, expected to run through fiscal year 2011, will result in the accelerated cleanup of nuclear waste at SRS and a significant reduction in the site footprint. In 2009 alone, more than 1,500 new workers were hired and over 800 jobs retained, due to ARRA funding. SRS construction employees reached 23 million hours (11 consecutive years) without a lost time injury case.
88:
788:
time-to-completion of the facility was also contingent upon annual appropriations, with an estimated construction completion date of FY2043 for the $ 500 million annual cap and FY2099 for the $ 375 million annual cap (where completion was indicated to not be possible for annual appropriations below this level).
836:
announced August 31, 2020 that the federal government agreed to pay the state $ 600 million. Wilson described this as "the single largest settlement in South
Carolina's history". The federal government also agreed to remove the remaining 9.5 metric tons of plutonium stored at the site by 2037. At a
791:
The Obama and Trump administrations have proposed cancelling the project, but
Congress continues to fund construction. The Aiken Chamber of Commerce of the state of South Carolina filed a lawsuit against the federal government claiming they have simply become a dumping ground for unprocessed weapons
820:
A Congressional committee in 1988 heard testimony of over 30 significant accidents at the facility that were hidden from the public. These included: a near loss of control of the L Reactor in 1960 when technicians tried to restart it; a "very significant leak" of water from the C Reactor in 1965; a
704:
was used by a
Tennessee Valley Authority nuclear power reactor to generate electricity. The tritium facilities modernization and consolidation project completed start-up and replaced the gas purification and processing that took place in 232-H. WSRC began multi-stage layoffs of permanent employees.
493:
In 1961, the AEC established a permanent ecology laboratory on the site; two Army barracks were converted into laboratory space for the scientists. The next year, the
University of Georgia hired a full-time staff with doctoral degrees to expand the research effort. Known initially as the Laboratory
436:
Production of heavy water for site reactors started in the Heavy Water Rework
Facility in 1952, and the first production reactor, R Reactor, went critical in 1953. P, L, and K Reactors followed in 1954, and the first irradiated fuel was discharged. F Canyon, the world's first operational full-scale
799:
concerning the long-term storage of plutonium in the state and additionally that the government had failed to follow the statutory provisions concerning obtaining a waiver to cease construction on the facility. In
January 2019, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals rejected South Carolina's suit for
703:
in Idaho. This was the last of the USA's neptunium inventory, and the last of the materials to be stabilized to satisfy commitments for stabilizing nuclear materials. F Canyon was the first major nuclear facility at the site to be suspended and deactivated. Low-enriched uranium (LEU) from the site
637:
In 2000, the K-Reactor building was converted to the K Area
Materials Storage Facility. The Savannah River Site was selected as the location of three new plutonium facilities for: a MOX fuel fabrication; pit disassembly and conversion; and plutonium immobilization. WSRC earned the DOE's top safety
787:
estimated the total cost over a 20-year life cycle for the
Savannah river site MOX plant to be $ 47 billion if the annual funding cap was increased to $ 500 million or $ 110 billion if it were increased to $ 375 million. Other studies have disputed this cost assessment as excessive. The estimated
618:
In 1992, the cooling tower was connected to the K Reactor, and the reactor operated briefly for the last time. The
Secretary of Energy announced the phase-out of all uranium processing. Non-radioactive operations began at the Replacement Tritium Facility and the Defense Waste Processing Facility
614:
Roger D. Wensil, a pipe-fitter, worked for the B.F. Shaw Co., a subcontractor at
Savannah River. In 1985, Wensil was dismissed as a whistleblower, after he complained of safety violations and illegal drug use among construction workers building a sensitive nuclear waste-handling facility at the
668:
In January 2003, Westinghouse Savannah River Co. completed transferring the last of F Canyon's radioactive material to H Tank Farm. DWPF began radioactive operations with its second melter, installed during a shutdown. The last depleted uranium metal was shipped from M Area for disposition at
368:
Future plans for the site cover a wide range of options, including host to research reactors, a reactor park for power generation, and other possible uses. DOE and its corporate partners are watched by a combination of local, regional and national regulatory agencies and citizen groups.
742:. Savannah River Remediation (SRR) was awarded the contract for the Liquid Waste Operations of SRS. Historical markers were placed in P and R Areas commemorating the role both reactors played towards winning the Cold War. Construction on the Waste Solidification Building (WSB) began.
656:
In 2002, the F Canyon and FB Line facilities completed their last production run. The Savannah River Technology Center participated in a study of using a nuclear power reactor to produce hydrogen from water. Scientists reported finding a new species of radiation-resistant
807:
informed Congress he had effectively ended the about 70% complete project. Perry stated that the cost of a dilute and dispose approach to the plutonium will cost less than half of the remaining lifecycle cost of the MOX plant program. In February 2019, the
601:
for K Reactor began. Saltstone started operation. In 1991, the mixed waste management facility became the first site facility to be closed and certified under the provisions of RCRA. L Reactor and M Area settling basin were shut down. With the end of the
952:
In 2006 DOE decided to split the WSRC contract into two new separate contracts, i.e. the M&O Contract and the Liquid Waste Contract to be awarded before June 2008. Responding to the DOE RFP, the Savannah River Nuclear Solutions (SRNS), LLC - now a
726:
In 2007, the Tritium Extraction Facility (TEF) opened. On 1 August, construction officially began on the $ 4.86 billion MOX facility. Following startup testing, the facility expects a disposition rate of up to 3.5 tons of plutonium oxide each year.
1378:"Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Russian Federation Concerning the Management and Disposition of Plutonium Designated as No Longer Required for Defense Purposes and Related Cooperation"
578:
Construction of Saltstone and of the Replacement Tritium Facility began in 1986. In 1987, DuPont notified DOE that it would not continue to operate and manage the site. The Effluent Treatment Project (ETP) construction began.
800:
lack of standing; in October 2019 the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the state of South Carolina's petition of certiorari, thereby allowing the lower court's ruling to stand and the federal government to terminate construction.
501:(HWCTR) went into operation, testing the heavy water system for use with civilian power reactors. In 1963, Receiving Basin for Off-Site Fuels (RBOF) received its first shipment of off-site spent nuclear fuel. That same year,
792:
grade plutonium for the indefinite future and demanding previously agreed upon payment of contractual non-delivery fines. The federal government filed for dismissal and it was granted in February 2017.
337:, and the Integrated Mission Completion contract (including the former scope of the Liquid Waste Operations contract) is held by Savannah River Mission Completion, which is a team of companies led by
779:
between the Russian Federation and the United States. The Russian Federation has met its obligations of the 2000 treaty, completed its processing facility and commenced processing of plutonium into
676:
In 2004, the site shipped its 10,000th drum of transuranic waste to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), a DOE facility in New Mexico, 12 years ahead of schedule. In a visit, Secretary of Energy
1822:
1186:
1827:
673:. The last unit of spent nuclear fuel from RBOF was shipped across the site to L Reactor in preparation for RBOF's deactivation. Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF) construction began.
1139:
719:
fabrication facility by a company now known as Shaw AREVA MOX Services. The SRNL was designated as the Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management's "Corporate Laboratory."
534:
1817:
626:
In 1994, the Savannah River Site Citizens Advisory Board was established. The Replacement Tritium Facility saw its startup. In 1996, DWPF introduced radioactive material into the
1837:
619:(DWPF). K Reactor was placed in cold standby condition in 1993. Non-radioactive test runs of the Defense Waste Processing Facility began. Construction began on the Consolidated
1411:
512:-252, the heaviest isotope produced at SRP, was separated as a byproduct of the curium program. Beginning in 1969, californium-252 was made in a separate production program.
1438:
1852:
711:(SWPF), a facility designed to process radioactive liquid waste stored in underground storage tanks at the site. The SWPF project work is performed by a group anchored by
460:
facilities became operational and the first shipment of tritium to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was made. In 1956, the construction of the basic plant was complete.
494:
of Radiation Ecology, it was renamed in the mid-1960s the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, reflecting the broad spectrum of ecological studies carried out on the site.
345:, and Fluor. A major focus is cleanup activities related to work done in the past for American nuclear buildup. Currently none of the reactors on-site are operating (see
1427:"Comparative Economic Analysis of the MOX Fuel Program and WIPP Dilute and Dispose Options for Surplus Weapons Plutonium Disposition" High Bridge Associates, May 5, 2016
1363:
623:
Facility. Tritium introduced into the Replacement Tritium Facility and radioactive operations began. The Workforce Transition and Community Assistance was started.
795:
The State of South Carolina similarly sued the federal government over the termination of the project, arguing that the Department of Energy had not prepared an
456:
In 1955, C Reactor went critical. The first plutonium shipment left the site. H Canyon, a chemical separation facility, began radioactive operations. Permanent
1882:
1862:
594:(WSRC) assumed management and operation of site facilities. The name of the facility changed from Savannah River Plant (SRP) to Savannah River Site (SRS).
544:
The Savannah River Archaeological Program (SRARP) was established onsite in 1978 to perform data analysis of prehistoric and historic sites on SRP land.
1767:
1602:
1574:
505:-244 was produced as a heat source for space exploration. This was the first full scale conversion of an SRP reactor load to non-weapons materials.
730:
In 2008, Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC (SRNS) was awarded the contract for Maintenance and Operation of SRS. SRNS is a partnership between
1463:
109:
1867:
433:, began ecological studies of local plants and animals in 1951 creating Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL), and plant construction began.
1542:
776:
653:, with the first shipments beginning in 2001. DWPF completed production of four million pounds of environmentally acceptable classified waste.
1276:
1147:
821:
large radiation release in November, 1970, into the interior of the facility; and a melting of fuel rods in the C Reactor in December, 1970.
587:
389:
build and operate a nuclear facility to make heavy water and tritium near the Savannah River in South Carolina. The company had expertise in
361:(MOX) manufacturing plant was being constructed at SRS, but construction was terminated in February 2019. Construction was overseen by the
1093:
1245:
556:(RCRA). The heavy water rework facility was closed in 1982. Construction of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) began in 1983.
1857:
1488:
783:
with experimental quantities produced in 2014 for a cost of about $ 200 million, reaching industrial capacity in 2015. A report by the
586:
from the F and H Area Separations facilities. In 1989, the site was included on the National Priority List and became regulated by the
1777:
80:
1307:
934:
784:
362:
346:
185:
767:. Transition from the Liquid Waste Operations contract to the Integrated Mission Completion Contract was completed in early 2022.
357:
facilities are also the United States' only source of tritium, an essential component in nuclear weapons. The United States' only
1505:
1047:
833:
691:
2005 saw the Tritium Extraction Facility (TEF) completed for the purpose of extracting tritium from materials irradiated in the
1519:
746:
553:
422:
322:
527:
In 1968, L Reactor was shut down for upgrades, and, in 1971, K Reactor became the first reactor to be controlled by computer.
591:
755:
In 2021, DOE awarded the new Integrated Mission Completion Contract to Savannah River Mission Completion, an LLC comprising
365:. The MOX facility was intended to convert legacy weapons-grade plutonium into fuel suitable for commercial power reactors.
349:), although two of the reactor buildings are being used to consolidate and store nuclear materials. SRS is also home to the
1832:
1847:
498:
1877:
1842:
1116:
978:
946:
681:
350:
318:
279:
175:
1689:(University of Georgia Press; 2013) 256 pages; the economic, social, environmental, and political impact of the Plant
630:
process. K Reactor was shut down. F Canyon was restarted and began stabilizing nuclear materials. In 1997, the first
723:'s new Center for Hydrogen Research opened its doors. F-Area deactivation work was completed as was T-Area closure.
295:
32:
1751:
830:
299:
215:
165:
36:
1203:
Phillips, R. W.; Wiegel, J.; Berry, C. J.; Fliermans, C.; Peacock, A. D.; White, D. C.; Shimkets, L. J. (2002),
796:
708:
962:
809:
735:
330:
1802:
1017:
720:
631:
291:
28:
700:
646:
583:
414:
65:
1778:
National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA): Mixed Oxide (MOX) Fuel Fabrication Facility reports and studies
846:
692:
582:
In 1988, K, L and P Reactors were shut down. An Effluent Treatment Facility began operations to treat
1707:
1007:
662:
571:'s deep-space exploration program. The L-Reactor was restarted and C-Reactor shut down. A full-scale
521:
410:
259:
1756:
1284:
406:
1872:
1807:
572:
1668:
1654:
1399:
We built our plant in 2.5 years at a cost of a little over $ 200 million, or 9.6 billion rubles.
1068:
453:
EXtraction) extracted plutonium and uranium products from materials irradiated in the reactors.
421:, and the site of 310 square miles (800 km) became the Savannah River Site, managed by the
1377:
1253:
685:
552:
In 1981, an environmental cleanup program began. M Area Settling Basin cleanup began under the
321:(DOE). The management and operating contract is held by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions LLC (
426:
634:
tanks were closed, numbers 17 and 20. The Cold War Historic Preservation Program was begun.
1752:
Annotated bibliography for Savannah River from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
557:
8:
712:
390:
1315:
480:
using the flux from P Reactor, with confirmation published in the 20 July 1956 issue of
1397:. Kremlin: Official Internet Resources of the President of Russia. September 25, 2015.
1364:"Savannah River Mission Completion takes over liquid waste cleanup, talks staff issues"
670:
1204:
615:
plant. In 1992, the U.S. Congress enacted "nuclear weapons whistleblower protection".
1761:
1575:"U.S. to pay SC $ 600M in settlement over remaining plutonium at Savannah River Site"
1550:
1227:
954:
838:
764:
731:
481:
398:
326:
1205:"Kineococcus radiotolerans sp. Nov., a radiation-resistant, Gram-positive bacterium"
310:. The site was built during the 1950s to refine nuclear materials for deployment in
1812:
1772:
Physics Assembly Laboratory, Area A/M, Savannah River Site, Aiken, Aiken County, SC
1394:
1338:
1219:
966:
756:
338:
307:
58:
45:
1603:"McMaster leads discussion on investing funds from Savannah River Site settlement"
1711:
677:
1172:
752:
M Area closure was completed in 2010, with the P and R Areas following in 2011.
314:. It covers 310 square miles (800 km) and employs more than 10,000 people.
1731:
1630:
1028:, a 1991 documentary film by Atlanta filmmakers Mark Mori and Susan J. Robinson
1024:
849:
418:
311:
303:
287:
40:
1395:"Meeting with CEO of Rosatom State Atomic Energy Corporation Sergei Kiriyenko"
1223:
393:
operations, having designed and built the plutonium production complex at the
353:
and the United States' only operating radiochemical separations facility. Its
1796:
1554:
1464:"Judge dismisses SC claim to $ 100 million in MOX, defense plutonium lawsuit"
949:
extended the contract with the existing partners for 18 months to June 2008.
812:(NRC) granted a request to terminate the plant's construction authorization.
658:
627:
598:
283:
124:
111:
49:
1412:"Plutonium Disposition Study Options Independent Assessment Phase 1 Report"
1231:
620:
530:
The site was designated as a National Environmental Research Park in 1972.
402:
394:
372:
1010:
for reactor safety analysis and reactor design at the Savannah River Site
642:
509:
487:
477:
473:
442:
430:
1771:
695:'s commercial nuclear reactors. Savannah River Site's first shipment of
541:
1977 saw the startup of the Plutonium Fuel Fabrication (PUFF) Facility.
1094:"DOE Awards Savannah River Site Integrated Mission Completion Contract"
1013:
804:
650:
1687:
Cold War Dixie: Militarization and Modernization in the American South
533:
983:
958:
945:
Management of the Savannah River Site was to be bid in 2006, but the
842:
739:
696:
564:
446:
334:
1774:", 107 photos, 123 data pages, 14 photo caption pages
1543:"Severe Accidents at Nuclear Plant Were Kept Secret Up to 31 Years"
780:
716:
603:
537:
L Reactor Facility: L Area, Savannah River Site, September 16, 1982
469:
358:
1717:
Official website of the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL)
1579:
1212:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
457:
450:
354:
1732:
Official website of Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC (SRNS)
829:
After six years of litigation over plutonium moved to the site,
645:
waste were contained and sent by truck and by rail to the DOE's
1722:
Official website of the Savannah River Site Heritage Foundation
1541:
Schneider, Keith; Times, Special To the New York (1988-10-01).
1020:
developed for emergency response use at the Savannah River Site
852:
led a discussion on how to spend $ 525 million of that amount.
502:
386:
1764:
from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1721:
1336:
1063:
1061:
775:
The MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility was created to satisfy the
760:
438:
342:
1823:
Buildings and structures in Allendale County, South Carolina
1783:
Official website of Savannah River Ecology Laboratory (SREL)
1704:
1202:
1828:
Buildings and structures in Barnwell County, South Carolina
1607:
684:(SRNL), one of 12 DOE national laboratories. Two prototype
568:
1788:
Official website of Savannah River Mission Completion, LLC
1787:
1655:"Savannah River Site (SRS) - United States Nuclear Forces"
1167:
1165:
1058:
860:
Savannah River is home to the following nuclear reactors:
688:
developed by SRNL were deployed for military use in Iraq.
606:, production of nuclear materials for weapons use ceased.
1746:
1741:
1818:
Buildings and structures in Aiken County, South Carolina
1782:
1494:. United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
560:(WSI) began providing security support services at SRP.
1736:
1162:
1838:
Historic American Engineering Record in South Carolina
1716:
1699:
508:
R-Reactor and HWCTR were shut down in 1964. In 1965,
16:
US Department of Energy reservation in South Carolina
1737:
Official website of Washington Division of URS Corp.
1726:
220:(For geography, ground waters, terrains and mapping)
1853:
Nuclear weapons infrastructure of the United States
1140:"A Botched Plan to Turn Nuclear Warheads Into Fuel"
417:, Leigh, Robbins, and Hawthorne were bought under
1705:Official website of the MOX (Mixed Oxide) Project
1337:Jo Becker and William J. Broad (April 10, 2011).
1794:
1339:"New Doubts About Turning Plutonium Into a Fuel"
1308:"Official says MOX project is right on schedule"
770:
1246:"Organism found at SRS amazes scientific world"
1137:
385:In 1950, the federal government requested that
1540:
1111:
1109:
1048:"South Carolina site chosen to develop H-bomb"
734:, Newport News Nuclear, Inc. (a subsidiary of
329:, Newport News Nuclear, Inc. (a subsidiary of
1883:Continuity of government in the United States
1863:United States Department of Energy facilities
376:Sign near entrance to the Savannah River Site
306:. It lies 25 miles (40 km) southeast of
1727:Official website of the Department of Energy
1520:"Perry scraps completion of US MOX facility"
1512:
1330:
1088:
1086:
405:. A large portion of farmland, the towns of
1700:Official website of the Savannah River Site
1268:
1196:
1117:"NRC terminates US MOX plant authorisation"
1106:
87:
1274:
1131:
413:, and several other communities including
1083:
1461:
785:National Nuclear Security Administration
707:In 2006, design work took place for the
532:
371:
363:National Nuclear Security Administration
186:National Nuclear Security Administration
64:The Savannah River Site viewed from the
1439:"Documents favor MOX over downblending"
1071:. Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC
1054:. (Idaho). Associated Press. p. 2.
1039:
815:
1868:1950s establishments in South Carolina
1795:
1119:. World Nuclear News. 13 February 2019
747:American Reinvestment and Recovery Act
661:inside one of the tanks. It was named
554:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
486:. Reines was awarded the 1995 Physics
1462:Gardiner, Thomas (February 8, 2017).
1436:
1305:
1243:
1187:DOE orders rehiring of whistle-blower
1045:
1768:Historic American Engineering Record
1762:Savannah River Site Mortality Study
940:
777:nuclear non-proliferation agreement
592:Westinghouse Savannah River Company
499:Heavy Water Components Test Reactor
13:
1679:
1277:"TVA might use MOX fuels from SRS"
1046:Carey, Frank (November 29, 1950).
979:Savannah River National Laboratory
715:. Work continued on design of the
682:Savannah River National Laboratory
638:performance honor of Star Status.
351:Savannah River National Laboratory
176:United States Department of Energy
14:
1894:
1858:Superfund sites in South Carolina
1742:Official website of Parsons Corp.
1693:
1522:. World Nuclear News. 16 May 2018
1138:Matthew Philips (24 April 2014).
563:In 1985, HB-Line began producing
445:operations on 4 November. PUREX (
152:310 sq mi (800 km)
609:
584:low-level radioactive wastewater
144:Nuclear Weapons Research Complex
95:Map showing location of the site
86:
79:
57:
1757:Official EPA Tritium Fact Sheet
1661:
1647:
1631:"Plutonium: The First 50 Years"
1623:
1595:
1567:
1534:
1498:
1481:
1455:
1437:Smith, Michael (11 July 2017).
1430:
1421:
1404:
1387:
1370:
1356:
1299:
831:South Carolina Attorney General
558:Wackenhut Services Incorporated
216:United States Geological Survey
166:Government of the United States
1508:. United States Supreme Court.
1237:
1179:
803:In May 2018, Energy Secretary
797:environmental impact statement
709:Salt Waste Processing Facility
575:system constructed in M-Area.
547:
463:
1:
1669:"SRNS - Our Parent Companies"
1244:Pavey, Rob (April 30, 2007).
1069:"SRNS - Our Parent Companies"
1032:
963:Huntington Ingalls Industries
824:
810:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
771:MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility
736:Huntington Ingalls Industries
423:U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
331:Huntington Ingalls Industries
1306:Novit, Rob (July 17, 2007).
1275:Pavey, Rob (June 10, 2009).
1018:atmospheric dispersion model
632:high-level radioactive waste
515:
7:
1833:Economy of Augusta, Georgia
1747:Official website of Bechtel
1146:. Bloomberg. Archived from
972:
855:
647:Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
597:In 1990, construction of a
66:International Space Station
10:
1901:
1848:Nuclear reprocessing sites
1173:"SRS - History Highlights"
693:Tennessee Valley Authority
641:Thousands of shipments of
490:; Cowan had already died.
380:
286:, located in the state of
1878:Economy of South Carolina
1843:Military nuclear reactors
1224:10.1099/00207713-52-3-933
1008:Idaho National Laboratory
663:Kineococcus radiotolerans
522:1966 Palomares B-52 crash
325:), a partnership between
319:U.S. Department of Energy
302:counties adjacent to the
282:(DOE) reservation in the
280:U.S. Department of Energy
258:
253:
245:
230:
225:
211:
203:
191:
181:
171:
161:
156:
148:
140:
103:
74:
56:
26:
21:
1770:(HAER) No. SC-43, "
1052:Lewiston Morning Tribune
935:list of nuclear reactors
441:separation plant, began
347:list of nuclear reactors
1417:. NNSA. April 13, 2015.
745:In 2009, SRS began The
740:Honeywell International
701:Argonne West Laboratory
573:groundwater remediation
335:Honeywell International
1006:rogram), developed at
538:
425:. Biologists from the
377:
1318:on September 28, 2007
1281:The Augusta Chronicle
536:
427:University of Georgia
375:
1685:Frederickson, Kari.
1506:"Docket No. 18-1531"
1489:"Docket No. 18-1684"
947:Department of Energy
845:on August 20, 2021,
816:History of Accidents
686:bomb disposal robots
1803:Savannah River Site
429:, led by professor
317:It is owned by the
272:Savannah River Site
121: /
22:Savannah River Site
1710:2019-01-24 at the
1547:The New York Times
965:(formerly part of
671:Envirocare of Utah
649:(WIPP) Project in
539:
472:was discovered by
378:
212:Defining authority
182:Controlled by
48:, Georgia in
1611:. August 20, 2021
1583:. August 31, 2020
1468:Augusta Chronicle
1250:Augusta Chronicle
1150:on April 26, 2014
957:partnership with
931:
930:
839:town hall meeting
732:Fluor Corporation
399:Manhattan Project
327:Fluor Corporation
268:
267:
125:33.246°N 81.668°W
1890:
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359:mixed oxide fuel
339:BWX Technologies
308:Augusta, Georgia
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1316:the original
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1285:the original
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1254:the original
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1148:the original
1144:Businessweek
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1097:. Retrieved
1073:. Retrieved
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721:Aiken County
713:Parsons Corp
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249:1951–Present
226:Site history
197:
192:Open to
1123:14 February
924:March 1955
834:Alan Wilson
643:transuranic
548:Remediation
510:californium
488:Nobel Prize
478:Clyde Cowan
474:Fred Reines
464:Nobel Prize
443:radioactive
431:Eugene Odum
415:Meyers Mill
290:on land in
260:Remediation
246:In use
128: /
104:Coordinates
1797:Categories
1640:2021-03-04
1615:August 24,
1587:August 24,
1560:2023-05-09
1448:2021-03-04
1099:2022-04-07
1033:References
1014:PUFF-PLUME
927:June 1985
921:C Reactor
916:June 1988
913:July 1954
910:L Reactor
905:July 1992
899:K Reactor
888:P Reactor
883:June 1964
877:R Reactor
825:Litigation
805:Rick Perry
651:New Mexico
116:81°40′05″W
113:33°14′46″N
1555:0362-4331
1348:April 11,
984:RELAP5-3D
959:Honeywell
843:USC-Aiken
567:-238 for
565:plutonium
516:Palomares
447:Plutonium
411:Dunbarton
296:Allendale
33:Allendale
1708:Archived
1473:March 7,
1322:March 8,
1232:12054260
1154:26 April
1002:nalysis
973:See also
856:Reactors
781:MOX fuel
717:MOX fuel
604:Cold War
470:neutrino
407:Ellenton
397:for the
300:Barnwell
172:Operator
37:Barnwell
1813:Bechtel
1635:fas.org
1580:WSPA-TV
1075:7 April
990:eactor
483:Science
458:tritium
451:Uranium
401:during
391:nuclear
381:History
355:tritium
278:) is a
236: (
46:Augusta
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1526:17 May
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961:, and
763:, and
738:) and
503:curium
387:DuPont
333:) and
298:, and
207:Active
204:Status
35:, and
1492:(PDF)
1415:(PDF)
1381:(PDF)
1016:, an
955:Fluor
933:(see
765:Fluor
761:AECOM
439:PUREX
343:AECOM
292:Aiken
231:Built
162:Owner
44:Near
29:Aiken
1617:2021
1608:WCIV
1589:2021
1551:ISSN
1528:2018
1475:2017
1350:2011
1324:2021
1293:2021
1262:2021
1228:PMID
1156:2014
1125:2019
1077:2022
998:eak
569:NASA
476:and
468:The
449:and
409:and
323:SRNS
270:The
264:1981
238:1951
234:1951
149:Area
141:Type
1220:doi
1208:(l)
841:at
588:EPA
276:SRS
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