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carry a large load of fuel, a larger size of the aircraft could be permitted without needing to cater for factors such as limited runway and airfield sizes. In addition, for services to far-flung parts of the
British Empire, the ability to land and take-off from any available area of water was a distinct advantage for services to such places, many of which at the time had no airport facilities at all. With the end of the Second World War, flying boats services were resumed with other types being operated, such as the
311:. As such, Saunders-Roe designed the Shetland and manufactured the wing while Shorts produced the remainder of the aircraft. While two examples of the Shetland were completed, the project was considered a failure and the pair of flying boats were scrapped in 1951. Saunders-Roe considered the Shetland to have not resembled the flying boat that they sought to develop, but was otherwise a useful learning experience; even prior to the Shetland, the company had wanted to develop a more revolutionary flying boat.
331:, which had been seeking design submissions from aviation companies for an envisioned new long range civil flying boat, which was to operate in BOAC's fleet to operate its transatlantic passenger services, Saunders-Roe decided to submit a bid based upon the earlier collaborative design specification. Following evaluations of a range of different propulsion methods and configurations, the design team selected the undeveloped
820:
388:. According to aviation author Phillip Kaplan, the Princess had not been intended to fly that day at all and only taxiing tests had been scheduled to take place, and that Tyson had decided to proceed due to the excellent conditions present on the day. The prototype was quickly put through several test flights with the hope of being able to sufficiently ready the flying boat to appear at the 1952
319:'double-bubble' hull, a 214-foot wingspan, a height of 55 feet 9 inches, and a length of 148 feet. The proposed aircraft would be capable of a cruising speed of 340 MPH at an altitude of 37,000 feet, a range (dependent on payload) of 5,190–3,640 miles, and be outfitted with luxurious accommodation for a total of 104 passengers.
562:; these decks had sufficient room to accommodate up to 105 passengers in great comfort. The planing bottom of the hull had only a slight step in the keel to minimize drag in the air. The Princess was powered by an arrangement of ten Bristol Proteus turboprop engines. These engines drove six sets of four-bladed
279:
During the pre-war era, flying boats had been preferred for conducting long-distance flights as, unlike their land-based counterparts, they were not limited by available runway length – the majority of which were still grass-surfaced at this point – and as a long range aeroplane would be required to
355:
In 1951, BOAC re-evaluated its standing requirements, and determined that the airline presently had no need for the
Princess, or any new large flying boat. The airline had already elected to terminate its existing flying boat services during 1950. In late 1951, it was announced that construction of
352:, which was being increasingly regarded as a high-risk initiative with unreliable costing. Specifically, designing and testing of the airframe, as well as the independently conducted development of the Proteus engine to power the SR.45, had been major contributors to the higher-than-expected costs.
597:
implementation, in order that pilots would be able to effectively actuate its large control surfaces, which would have to overcome equally larger forces. However, it was decided to opt for a traditional mechanical linkage approach that was augmented by a series of electrically driven power assist
314:
During 1943, the chief designers of
Saunders-Roe and Short had collaborated to produce a preliminary design specification for an innovative large flying boat. This design specification defined various criteria for the proposed aircraft, which would be the largest all-metal flying boat ever built;
609:
were split into multiple sections in order that, if a part of the servo-powered control system were to fail, a faulty section could be "trailed" so that it did not act against the remaining working sections. While the prototype aircraft had been fitted with advanced (but conventional) hydraulic
399:
continued to be problematic, but not to the extent that flight testing was prevented. Evaluation of the flying boat continued into 1953, during which particular attention was devoted towards addressing the difficulties uncovered. During the 1953 Farnborough
Airshow, the prototype was displayed.
206:
caused by seawater. Following the project's termination, the three airframes were stored with the intention of selling them on; however, upon receipt of a promising offer for the aircraft, it was found that corrosion had set in while in storage. As a result, all three aircraft prototypes were
347:
Work on the SR.45 commenced almost immediately upon receipt of the order. From an early stage in development, progress on the programme was subject to schedule overruns and higher than projected costs being incurred, leading to scepticism of the flying boat's viability within the
483:. When the cocooning was removed, it was found that they were badly corroded (the contract for maintenance and inspection of the stored aircraft had been allowed to lapse, which resulted in the airframes deteriorating rapidly), and all three Princesses were broken up by 1967.
514:
program as efficient air transport of the outsize hardware used in these missions. Conroy quipped that the
British were "offended when we named our aircraft 'The Pregnant Guppy'. Man, can you imagine what they would have said if we produced 'The Pregnant Princess' !"
356:
the three
Princesses would proceed with the intention of using them as transport aircraft in RAF service. However, in March 1952, it was announced that while the first prototype would be completed, the second and third would be suspended to await more powerful engines.
407:
Princess Air
Transport Co Ltd was formed with the object of studying the factors affecting the operation of the Princess flying boats and to tender for their operation should the opportunity have arisen. The company's directors were M D N Wyatt (chairman),
201:
improvements had added to the viability of land-based aircraft, which did not have to compromise to accommodate the additional weight and drag of the boat hulls that were necessary on seaplanes, or the mitigating measures needed against the
498:(Petersen Publications, 1973). Conroy considered the creation of an outsize transport from the Princess to have been basically feasible, in that it shares a sectional 'double-bubble' fuselage construction similar to that of the
339:
engines – to meet the enormous power requirements of the proposed giant flying boat. In May 1946, the bid made by
Saunders-Roe was selected as the winner, leading to the company receiving an order for the production of three
400:
Flight tests of the prototype continued up until 27 May 1954, by which point it had been found that the
Proteus engine, once perfected, would be capable of enabling the type to achieve its envisioned performance figures.
502:, on which the Guppies were based. The reason for considering producing such an aircraft was the desire of NASA to possess a means of transporting first stage of the Saturn V rocket by air, if this were possible, to
424:
Following the completion of flying tests performed by the prototype, the
British government exercised considerable indecision over the fate of the programme. In addition to the prototype, a further two Princesses
185:
Work on the Princess was ultimately cancelled after having produced three examples, only one of which flew. By the mid-1950s, large commercial flying boats were being increasingly overshadowed by land-based
252:, separate bathrooms for men and women, and individual cabins for passengers. However, operations of these flying boats had been disrupted by wartime, during which Imperial Airways had also merged with
457:
had offered £1 million each for the stored Princesses, but this offer was rejected. In 1957, Saro itself had proposed the conversion of the aircraft to serve as landplane troop carriers/freighters.
618:
with hydraulic final control actuators. Such a system had been built and undergone ground-testing, but the Princess had been terminated prior to any aircraft having been fitted with the system.
292:. However, the war had also produced a legacy of large runways and sizable airports formerly used for military purposes that could now meet the needs of a larger generation of land aircraft.
433:) were under construction, but these would ultimately never fly. While a decision from the government was effectively pending, the three existing aircraft were placed into storage, being
244:
which had previously not been served at all, passengers were transported within an unprecedented level of comfort, being provided with luxurious first class accommodation, including a
468:. This interest resulted in a delegation from Saro being dispatched to the US to discuss a sale of the preserved Princesses. However, this interest ultimately amounted to nothing.
449:
Over the ensuing years, several offers were issued with the intention of purchasing the Princesses, including two proposals which would have involved re-engining them with
554:
was a large flying boat, being the largest all-metal flying boat to have ever been constructed. The Princess featured a rounded, bulbous, "double-bubble" pressurized
175:(BOAC). Although the initial development contract had been successfully met, BOAC eventually decided to focus on its land-based routes using the jet-powered
392:, however indications of engine reliability issues were encountered and this led to the intended flight display at Farnborough that year being abandoned.
149:
engine still in development to power the aircraft. The project suffered delays due to difficulties encountered in the development of the Proteus engine.
412:, Geoffrey Tyson, P D Irons and Capt H W C Alger (general manager). 75 per cent of the share capital were held by Saunders-Roe Ltd and the balance by
1806:
299:
was enthusiastic on the prospects for reviving the shuttered flying boat routes. The Ministry approached two British flying boat manufacturers –
890:
Maximum continuous power of a Proteus was 2,050 hp (1,529 kW) + 700 lbf (3.11 kN) residual thrust at 9,500 rpm at sea level.
1796:
1305:
506:; the ability for the aircraft to conduct a water landing would also be advantageous for proximity landing at sea, or on nearby lakes in
117:
The Princess had been developed to serve as a larger and more luxurious successor to the pre-war commercial flying boats, such as the
518:
They were the last fixed-wing commercial aircraft produced by Saunders-Roe. The company constructed one more fixed-wing design, the
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307:– requesting that the two firms collaborate on the development and manufacture of a new aircraft, which would emerge as the
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160:. Between 1952 and 1954, the first prototype performed a total of 47 test flights, including two public appearances at the
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turboprop, 5,000 hp (3,700 kW) each + 1,660 lbf (7.38 kN) residual thrust at 10,000 rpm at sea level
677:
219 ft 6 in (66.90 m) with wingtip floats retracted. 209 ft 6 in (63.86 m) floats extended.
510:. Ultimately, this plan was deemed to be impractical, though the existing Guppies continued to function throughout the
240:
to build up a network of long-distance routes. These flying boats had not only pioneered new aerial routes across the
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1418:
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574:, each engine drove one of the propellers. The two outer propellers were single and each powered by a single engine.
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was the only model to fly, performing 46 test flights in total during which 100 hours flight hours were accumulated.
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1786:
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Turboprop engines, 2,500 hp (1,900 kW) each + 820 lbf (3.65 kN) residual thrust at 10,000 rpm
384:. The initial flight lasted for 35 minutes, in which the flying boat performed a complete circumnavigation of the
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in spacious and comfortable conditions. To achieve this, it was decided early on to make use of newly developed
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14,000 imp gal (63,645.3 L; 16,813.3 US gal) in four integral inner wing tanks.
464:, who were at the time examining the possibility of converting the three stored aircraft to make use of
260:(BOAC) in 1940. While restricted operations of commercial flying boats did continue, such as the use of
567:
1686:
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105 passengers in tourist and first class cabins / 137,000 lb (62,142.2 kg) disposable load
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instead. The era of the large flying boat had effectively ended prior to the aircraft's completion.
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1,900 ft/min (9.7 m/s) at 184 mph (296 km/h; 160 kn) at sea level
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441:; it had been hoped that work on the programme would be restarted when a buyer was found.
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1218:
Air Progress, World's Greatest Aircraft, Chapter: 'The Guppies', concluding paragraph.
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589:. Early on, it had been intended for the aircraft to be outfitted with some form of
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design; aside from that venture, the company primarily concentrated its efforts on
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490:, constructor Jack Conroy discussed his concepts for other outsize transports with
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As further testing of the prototype continued, the reliability of the engines and
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The cockpit of the Princess was designed to be operated by a pair of pilots, two
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each two Proteus engines feeding a common gearbox and contra-rotating propellers
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In 1964, the three Princesses were all purchased by Eoin Mekie on behalf of
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380 mph (610 km/h, 330 kn) at 37,000 ft (11,000 m)
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698:"Saro-modified Goldstein section" to "modified N.A.C.A. 4415 Series" at tip
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360 mph (580 km/h, 310 kn) at 32,500 ft (9,900 m)
475:, who planned to use them as heavy-duty freight aircraft for transporting
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114:. It is the largest all-metal flying boat to have ever been constructed.
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1456:. 26 September 1952. pp. 411–422 – via Flightglobal Archive.
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142:
1448:"The Princess: Design Details of the Great Saunders-Roe Flying boat"
1377:
Flying Boats of the Solent: A Portrait of a Golden Age of Air Travel
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53:
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controls, Saunders-Roe had intended production aircraft to use an
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164:. This work was carried out under a development contract for the
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Saunders and Saro Aircraft since 1917 British Flying Boats and
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194:
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113 mph (181 km/h, 98 kn) flaps and floats down
570:
which were driven by a twin version of the Proteus, named the
368:
Saro Princess G-ALUN at the East Cowes works in September 1954
107:
327:
During 1945, in response to an approach made by the British
480:
1167:"U.S. Given Data on Flying-Boats – Use of Nuclear Power".
659:
2 pilots, 2 flight engineers, radio operator and navigator
460:
In 1958, information on the Princess was shared with the
36:
displaying at the Farnborough SBAC Show in September 1953
756:
propellers., 16 ft 6 in (5.03 m) diameter
1173:, Monday 3 February 1958, Issue 54065. p. 5, column A.
910:"In pictures: Flying boat's maiden flight celebrated."
315:
performance criteria included a weight of 140 tons, a
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Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
566:; of these, the inner four propellers were double,
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546:A Saunders-Roe SR.45 Princess during a taxiing run
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228:had successfully used large long-range passenger
152:On 22 August 1952, the first prototype Princess,
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1318:
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598:units to effectively support actuation instead.
1395:"Big Wings: The Largest Aeroplanes Ever Built."
268:, many were requisitioned for service with the
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75:1 (2 additional airframes cancelled mid-build)
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789:5,720 mi (9,210 km, 4,970 nmi)
125:route, carrying up to 100 passengers between
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1497:"Saunders Roe and the Princess Flying Boat"
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1304:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1027:
1461:"Ten Turboprops Power Giant Flying Boat."
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295:Even prior to the war's end, the British
1807:Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers
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272:(RAF) where they were typically used as
1340:Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1952–53
801:39,000 ft (12,000 m) absolute
410:Sir Archibald Philip Hope, 17th Baronet
322:
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437:and retained, one at Cowes and two at
1797:Ten-engined six-prop tractor aircraft
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1432:. London: Conway Maritime Press Ltd.
1430:Saunders and Saro Aircraft since 1917
1292:Saunders-Roe Report FT/15/0/24 Part 1
1374:
1284:
1089:
863:List of flying boats and floatplanes
689:5,019 sq ft (466.3 m)
258:British Overseas Airways Corporation
173:British Overseas Airways Corporation
1494:
1182:
936:
924:
683:55 ft 9 in (16.99 m)
13:
1370:. 16 March 1950. pp. 344–345.
522:mixed-power (rocket and turbojet)
486:In the wake of the success of his
372:On 22 August 1952, the prototype,
14:
1833:
1525:"Britain's Biggest Flying Boat,"
1508:
1413:. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing.
752:constant speed, quick-feathering
716:345,025 lb (156,501 kg)
710:330,000 lb (149,685 kg)
621:
359:
1502:. Solent Aeromarine Enterprises.
1495:Wealthy, Bob (29 January 2009).
1294:. MAEE Felixstowe. January 1955.
818:
704:190,000 lb (86,183 kg)
102:aircraft developed and built by
26:
1475:, 7 December 1951, p. 724.
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1129:"Saunders-Roe S.R.4S Princess."
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969:Kaplan 2005, pp. 197, 200, 204.
884:
875:
121:. It was intended to serve the
1802:Six-engined turboprop aircraft
1490:(2038): 63–68, 15 January 1948
1379:. Silver Link Publishing Ltd.
1356:. 6 July 1951. pp. 10–11.
903:
210:
1:
868:
1822:Aircraft first flown in 1952
897:
839:Saunders-Roe Duchess project
614:system featuring electrical
7:
1817:Cancelled aircraft projects
1515:Sea Wings Gallery of Images
1470:"A winged ship takes form."
1362:"Flying ship on the stocks"
1134:, 3 September 1954, p. 338.
811:
730:Bristol Coupled-Proteus 610
145:technology, opting for the
96:Saunders-Roe SR.45 Princess
10:
1838:
1338:Bridgman, Leonard (1953).
568:contra-rotating propellers
215:
1746:
1715:
1674:
1593:
1572:
1348:"Concerning flying boats"
960:Kaplan 2005, pp. 196–197.
537:
496:World's Greatest Aircraft
420:Termination of production
84:
79:
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20:
560:two full passenger decks
500:Boeing 377 Stratocruiser
274:maritime patrol aircraft
1787:1950s British airliners
671:148 ft (45 m)
650:General characteristics
591:powered flight controls
572:Bristol Coupled Proteus
207:subsequently scrapped.
1428:London, Peter (1988).
1409:London, Peter (2003).
635:
547:
494:in their publication,
479:rocket components for
369:
32:Saunders-Roe Princess
1397:Pen and Sword, 2005.
1375:Hull, Norman (2002).
629:
593:, including an early
545:
367:
1411:British Flying Boats
1281:FLIGHT, 9 April 1954
1063:Flight International
1050:Kaplan 2005, p. 205.
1009:Kaplan 2005, p. 204.
983:Kaplan 2005, p. 200.
951:Kaplan 2005, p. 196.
323:Selection and delays
1641:A.22 Segrave Meteor
1158:, pp. 312–313.
1119:, pp. 230–231.
1065:, 16 November 1951.
833:Related development
740:Bristol Proteus 620
714:Max takeoff weight:
445:Proposals for reuse
390:Farnborough Airshow
335:– one of the first
266:transatlantic route
254:British Airways Ltd
162:Farnborough Airshow
42:General information
1812:High-wing aircraft
1747:Cancelled projects
1527:Popular Mechanics,
1245:, pp. 210–235
1104:, pp. 229–230
636:
548:
534:after this point.
520:Saunders-Roe SR.53
462:United States Navy
370:
329:Ministry of Supply
224:, British airline
193:. Factors such as
166:Ministry of Supply
1769:
1768:
1565:Saunders-Roe/Saro
1342:. London: Jane's.
1270:26 September 1952
1231:26 September 1952
1078:26 September 1952
915:, 18 August 2012.
451:Rolls-Royce Tynes
286:Short Sandringham
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1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1311:
1283:
1274:
1259:
1257:, p. 282.
1247:
1235:
1220:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1185:, p. 187.
1175:
1160:
1148:
1146:, p. 246.
1136:
1121:
1106:
1094:
1082:
1067:
1052:
1026:
1011:
985:
971:
962:
953:
941:
939:, p. 154.
929:
927:, p. 155.
917:
901:
899:
896:
893:
892:
883:
873:
872:
870:
867:
866:
865:
854:
853:
842:
841:
830:
829:
813:
810:
809:
808:
805:Rate of climb:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
769:Maximum speed:
758:
757:
743:
733:
723:
720:Fuel capacity:
717:
711:
705:
699:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
623:
622:Specifications
620:
587:radio operator
539:
536:
504:Cape Canaveral
488:Pregnant Guppy
455:Aquila Airways
446:
443:
421:
418:
382:Geoffrey Tyson
361:
360:Flight testing
358:
344:flying boats.
324:
321:
309:Short Shetland
242:British Empire
217:
214:
212:
209:
131:United Kingdom
98:was a British
90:
89:
88:22 August 1952
86:
82:
81:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
63:
57:
56:
48:
44:
43:
39:
38:
31:
23:
22:
21:SR.45 Princess
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1834:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:Saro aircraft
1780:
1779:
1777:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:SR.36 Lerwick
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1439:0-8517-7814-3
1435:
1431:
1426:
1422:
1420:0-7509-2695-3
1416:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1403:1-84415-178-6
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1386:1-85794-161-6
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1324:, p. 345
1323:
1322:16 March 1950
1321:
1315:
1307:
1301:
1293:
1287:
1278:
1272:, p. 413
1271:
1269:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1239:
1233:, p. 412
1232:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1209:, p. 250
1208:
1203:
1197:, p. 234
1196:
1191:
1184:
1179:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1145:
1140:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1080:, p. 422
1079:
1077:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1022:Bridgman 1953
1018:
1016:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
980:
978:
976:
966:
957:
948:
946:
938:
933:
926:
921:
914:
911:
906:
902:
887:
878:
874:
864:
861:
860:
859:
858:
857:Related lists
852:
849:
848:
847:
846:
840:
837:
836:
835:
834:
827:
816:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
775:Cruise speed:
773:
770:
767:
766:
765:
763:
755:
751:
747:
744:
741:
737:
734:
731:
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
708:Gross weight:
706:
703:
702:Empty weight:
700:
697:
695:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:
653:
651:
646:
644:
640:
633:
628:
619:
617:
613:
608:
604:
599:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
544:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
516:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
484:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
466:nuclear power
463:
458:
456:
452:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
417:
415:
411:
405:
403:
398:
393:
391:
387:
386:Isle of Wight
383:
380:, piloted by
379:
378:maiden flight
375:
366:
357:
353:
351:
345:
343:
338:
334:
330:
320:
318:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
208:
205:
200:
196:
192:
189:
183:
181:
180:
177:De Havilland
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:maiden flight
155:
150:
148:
144:
140:
139:United States
136:
135:New York City
132:
128:
124:
123:transatlantic
120:
115:
113:
112:Isle of Wight
109:
105:
101:
97:
87:
83:
78:
74:
70:
67:
64:
62:
58:
55:
52:
49:
45:
40:
35:
29:
24:
19:
16:
1792:Flying boats
1696:
1601:A.3 Valkyrie
1526:
1487:
1483:
1472:
1466:August 1949.
1463:
1451:
1429:
1410:
1376:
1365:
1351:
1339:
1331:Bibliography
1319:
1314:
1291:
1286:
1277:
1267:
1262:
1250:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1214:
1202:
1190:
1178:
1168:
1163:
1151:
1139:
1131:
1124:
1097:
1092:, p. ?.
1085:
1075:
1070:
1062:
1060:"Cover Art."
1055:
1024:, p. 88
965:
956:
932:
920:
912:
905:
886:
877:
856:
855:
844:
843:
832:
831:
804:
798:
792:
786:
781:Stall speed:
780:
774:
768:
761:
759:
750:de Havilland
745:
735:
725:
719:
713:
707:
701:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
649:
647:
642:
638:
637:
600:
576:
571:
551:
549:
517:
495:
492:Air Progress
491:
485:
470:
459:
448:
439:Calshot Spit
430:
426:
423:
406:
401:
394:
373:
371:
354:
346:
341:
326:
313:
301:Saunders-Roe
297:Air Ministry
294:
290:Short Solent
278:
234:Short Empire
232:such as the
230:flying boats
219:
184:
178:
170:flag carrier
153:
151:
119:Short Empire
116:
104:Saunders-Roe
95:
93:
85:First flight
72:Number built
66:Saunders-Roe
61:Manufacturer
33:
15:
1716:Helicopters
1666:A.37 Shrimp
1651:A.27 London
1255:London 2003
1243:London 1988
1207:London 2003
1195:London 1988
1156:London 1988
1144:London 2003
1117:London 1988
1102:London 1988
762:Performance
746:Propellers:
736:Powerplant:
726:Powerplant:
632:wind tunnel
595:fly-by-wire
528:helicopters
453:. In 1954,
317:pressurised
303:(Saro) and
282:Short Hythe
262:Boeing 314s
220:Before the
211:Development
127:Southampton
100:flying boat
51:Flying boat
1776:Categories
1723:Helicogyre
1656:A.29 Cloud
1631:A.19 Cloud
1611:A.7 Severn
1606:A.4 Medina
869:References
793:Endurance:
687:Wing area:
564:propellers
550:The SR.45
532:hovercraft
248:, sizable
238:Short S.26
1675:SR-series
1585:Kittiwake
1300:cite book
1170:The Times
1090:Hull 2002
898:Citations
754:Duralumin
748:4-bladed
675:Wingspan:
663:Capacity:
639:Data from
583:navigator
397:gearboxes
337:turboprop
246:promenade
204:corrosion
191:airliners
143:turboprop
106:at their
1594:A-series
1567:aircraft
913:BBC News
812:See also
795:15 hours
612:analogue
603:ailerons
585:, and a
556:fuselage
552:Princess
477:Saturn V
435:cocooned
264:for the
256:to form
54:airliner
1762:(P.192)
1756:(P.131)
1754:Duchess
1733:Skeeter
1480:"SR/45"
1183:Wealthy
937:Wealthy
925:Wealthy
694:Airfoil
681:Height:
669:Length:
634:testing
524:fighter
508:Florida
414:Airwork
216:Origins
199:airport
80:History
1738:XROE-1
1707:SR.177
1682:SR.A/1
1484:Flight
1473:Flight
1453:Flight
1436:
1417:
1401:
1383:
1367:Flight
1353:Flight
1320:Flight
1268:Flight
1229:Flight
1132:Flight
1076:Flight
787:Range:
643:Flight
616:servos
607:rudder
538:Design
512:Apollo
431:G-ALUP
427:G-ALUO
402:G-ALUN
374:G-ALUN
305:Shorts
288:, and
250:galley
195:runway
154:G-ALUN
34:G-ALUN
1760:Queen
1728:P.531
1702:SR.53
1692:SR.44
1500:(PDF)
657:Crew:
416:Ltd.
342:SR.45
179:Comet
108:Cowes
1661:A.33
1621:A.14
1616:A.10
1488:LIII
1434:ISBN
1415:ISBN
1399:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1306:link
738:2 ×
728:4 ×
645:1952
605:and
601:The
581:, a
530:and
481:NASA
429:and
236:and
197:and
133:and
94:The
47:Type
1580:T.1
188:jet
1778::
1486:,
1482:,
1450:.
1364:.
1350:.
1302:}}
1298:{{
1109:^
1029:^
1014:^
988:^
974:^
944:^
284:,
276:.
137:,
129:,
1557:e
1550:t
1543:v
1442:.
1423:.
1405:.
1389:.
1308:)
696::
425:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
