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Sandhills with the vast majority located in northern Garden County. The lakes and ponds are mainly sandy-bottomed and some contain many species of fish. Very few are used to water cattle as the water is usually shallow, warm, brackish, turbid, saline, alkaline or conceals "quicksand" cattle would become stuck in. Windmills and solar-powered submersible electric pumps fed by the easily-accessible aquifer filling cement-bottom steel stock tanks up to 30 feet in diameter are used to supply livestock with cool, fresh water on a daily basis. Some lakes in the area are alkaline and support several species of phyllopod shrimp.
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693:(EIS) about the unique combination of characteristics in the Sand Hills (which includes a high concentration of wetlands of special concern, a sensitive ecosystem, and extensive areas of very shallow groundwater) and provided additional context and information about those characteristics. The concern about the proposed route's impact on the Sand Hills of Nebraska has increased significantly over time, and has resulted in the Nebraska legislature convening a special session to consider the issue."
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567:. The blowout penstemon stabilizes the soil where wind erosion exposes the bare sand and creates a blowout, but is choked out when other species begin to recolonize. Grazing and land management practices used by Sandhills ranchers have reduced natural erosion, thus destroying some of the plant's habitat.
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near
Valentine covers 19,000 acres (77 km). Partnering in the effort to conserve the Sandhills are the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, West Central Research and Extension Station, the Nature Conservancy of Nebraska, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Nebraska Natural
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Many species of insect are found in the
Sandhills, including dragonflies, grasshoppers and mosquitos. There are also many types of spiders. Due to the warm stagnant nature of both alkaline and freshwater lakes throughout the region, coupled with the wetland marsh areas, mosquito populations increase
535:
720 different species of plants are found in the
Sandhills. Most are native, with only 7% exotics — half the percentage of most other prairie systems. Most of the "exotics" are invasive species and considered noxious weeds and must be destroyed by landowners. One species threatening the ecosystem is
570:
Many of the plants of the
Sandhills are sand-tolerant species from short-grass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairies; plants from all three of these can be found within the ecosystem. These plants have helped to stabilize the sand dunes, creating an ecosystem beneficial for other plants and animals.
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Project (Hardisty-Baker-Steele City) proposal. "iven the concentration of concerns regarding the environmental sensitivities of the current proposed route through the Sand Hills area of
Nebraska, the Department has determined it needs to undertake an in-depth assessment of potential alternative
526:
The
Sandhills' thousands of ponds and lakes are spring-fed surface water areas of the Ogallala Aquifer. Precipitation is insufficient to keep ponds and lakes permanent with the low humidity and high evaporation rates. The natural reservoirs are also primarily confined to a few regions of the
363:, distinct from other grasslands of the Great Plains. According to their assessment, as much as 85% of the ecoregion is intact natural habitat, the highest level in the Great Plains. This is chiefly due to the lack of crop production: most of the Sandhills land has never been plowed.
371:
The
Sandhills is classified as a semi-arid region, with average annual rainfall varying from 23 inches (580 mm) in the east to less than 17 inches (430 mm) of rain in the west. Temperatures range from lows of −30 °F (−34 °C) to highs of 105 °F (41 °C).
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announced that an 80,000-acre (32,000 ha) ranch he owns in western
Nebraska would be turned over to the newly created Turner Institute of Ecoagriculture. Turner and the institute publicly announced that the nonprofit would continue to pay property taxes on the land.
478:
ranching area, supporting over 530,000 beef cattle. The human population of the region continues to decline as older generations die out, younger generations move to the cities, and ranches are consolidated. A number of small towns remain in the region.
499:
The
Sandhills contain a large array of plant and animal life. Minimal crop production has led to limited land fragmentation; the resulting extensive and continuous habitat for plant and animal species has largely preserved the biodiversity of the area.
328:
The boundaries of the
Sandhills are variously defined by different organizations. Depending on the definition, the region's area can be as small as 19,600 mi (50,760 km) or as large as 23,600 mi (61,100 km).
456:. Nearly nine million acres (36,000 km) were claimed by "Kinkaiders" between 1910 and 1917. Some of the Kinkaiders farmed the land, but these attempts generally failed. This included Nebraska's largest black settlement,
340:; thus both temporary and permanent shallow lakes are common in low-lying valleys between the grass-stabilized dunes prevalent in the Sandhills. The eastern and central sections of the region are drained by tributaries of the
332:
Dunes in the Sandhills may exceed 330 ft (100 m) in height. The average elevation of the region gradually increases from about 1,800 ft (550 m) in the east to about 3,600 ft (1,100 m) in the west.
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for many species of migratory birds, and the region's many bodies of water give them places to rest. The ponds and lakes of the region are lay-over points for migratory cranes (particularly
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Better land management and grazing practices by the ranchers of the region have led to less erosion over time, which has kept the natural landscape of the area mostly intact.
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The fragility of the sandy soil makes the area unsuitable for cultivation of crops. Attempts at farming were made in the region in the late 1870s and again around 1890.
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The plant-anchored dunes of the Sandhills were long considered an irreclaimable desert. In the 1870s, cattlemen began to discover their potential as rangeland for
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species including mule deer, whitetail deer, jackrabbits, pronghorn antelope, elk, coyotes, red fox, Western meadowlarks (the Nebraska state bird), prairie dogs,
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allowed homesteaders to claim 640 acres (260 ha; 2.6 km) of land, rather than the 160 acres (65 ha; 0.65 km) allowed by the 1862
1373:
Department of State Record of Decision and National Interest Determination — TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, L.P. Application for Presidential Permit
986:"Response of Nebraska Sand Hills natural vegetation to drought, fire, grazing, and plant functional type shifts as simulated by the CENTURY model"
647:
Turner Enterprises has acquired 445,000 acres (180,000 ha) of land in Nebraska. His extensive ranches for grazing cattle are known for their
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407:
1599:
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394:, when temperatures in the North Atlantic region were about 1 °C (1.8 °F) warmer than the current climate. Much of the area was a
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in Cherry, Brown, and Keya Paha counties covers 60,000 acres (202 km) and includes a 25-mile (40 km) stretch of the river.
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until the 1930s. Many of the largest ranches broke up about the same time due to regulations against fencing federal range lands.
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540:. Native to the region but controlled by wildfires prior to European settlement, the trees were planted in great numbers as a
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Hughes, Malcolm K.; Diaz, Henry F. (1994). "Was there a 'medieval warm period', and if so, where and when?".
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events during early settlement. Over time, the trees spread to replace large areas of grassland, leading to
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Mangan, Jennifer M.; Overpeck, Jonathan T.; Robert S., Webb; Wessman, Carol; Goetz, Alexander FH (2004).
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1351:"Media Notes on Keystone XL Pipeline Project Review Process: Decision to Seek Additional Information"
615:, located about 20 miles (32 km) south of Valentine, encompasses 71,516 acres (28,941 ha).
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563:) is an endangered species, found only in the Sandhills and in similar environments in central
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1158:"Plant a tree and help the environment, right? In Kansas, it might warm the climate instead"
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Some development of cropland agriculture in the modern era has occurred through the use of
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climate more unstable, giving way to desert given more fires, mild drought and erosion;
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892:; Ding, Y.; Griggs, D.J.; Noguer, M.; van der Linden; Dai; Maskell; Johnson (eds.).
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routes in Nebraska The comments were consistent with the information in the final
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data and computer simulations reveal that the Nebraska Sandhills likely had active
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16:
Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ecoregion of Nebraska, United States
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1404:. New York: Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska at Lincoln.
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1063:(Press release). University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from
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1378:(Report). Washington, DC: U.S. State Department. November 3, 2015. pp. 2–3
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523:, badgers, ground squirrels, skunks, native bat species and many fish species.
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1325:"Ted Turner, Longtime Nebraska Land Baron, Still Buying as Next Chapter Nears"
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285:, covering just over one quarter of the state. The dunes were designated a
596:), geese, and many species of ducks. Species found year-round include the
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Small ponds and lakes are common in the Sand Hills, such as this one near
1353:(Press release). Washington, DC: U.S. State Department. November 10, 2011
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685:
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398:, with desert-like conditions extending to several other states. Current
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On November 3, 2015, the request for a Presidential Permit was denied.
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Climate Change 2001. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA:
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Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands in the United States
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1061:"Climate change: Drought may threaten much of globe within decades"
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282:
145:
886:"2.3.3 Was there a "Little Ice Age" and a "Medieval Warm Period"?"
1085:
711:
564:
1132:"Ted Turner plans 'ecoagriculture' institute on Nebraska ranch"
680:
Project Presidential Permit Review Process, announced that the
475:
113:
The Sandhills covers portions of northern and western Nebraska.
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648:
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lower than -15, many times more severe than Texas during the
1298:"Ted Turner to give land to nonprofit but keep paying taxes"
726:
278:
348:, while the western section is largely composed of small
871:
1343:
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In the 21st century, the Sandhills are a productive
1448:
1427:. Camden Maine: Ragged Mountain Press McGraw Hill.
1086:Nebraska State Historical Society (June 29, 1998).
1420:
1222:. US Center for Plant Conservation. Archived from
1088:"U.S. Government Land Laws in Nebraska, 1854-1904"
1027:
671:
1249:(1st ed.). Grand Island, Neb.: Harrier Pub.
1094:. Archived from the original on November 15, 2006
2439:
1125:
1123:
1451:"Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands (NA0809)"
821:"Nebraska Sand Hills mixed grasslands (NA0809)"
2458:Grasslands of the North American Great Plains
1507:
1457:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
1155:
1120:
865:
742:List of ecoregions in the United States (WWF)
1247:Birding crane river : Nebraska's Platte
924:
796:Partners for Fish & Wildlife — Nebraska
1514:
1500:
1488:- photos of plants, animals and landscapes
1220:"National Collection of Endangered Plants"
1030:Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet
930:
623:covers 45,849 acres (18,554 ha). The
375:
1476:Amphibians and Reptiles of the Sand Hills
1466:Nebraska Sand Hills - Virtual Field Trips
952:
900:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
880:; Clarke, R.A.; Gruza, G.V.; Jouzel, J.;
845:
676:A November 10, 2011 press release on the
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
1285:"Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge"
1181:
884:; Oerlemans, J.; Salinger, M.J. (2001).
481:
424:
308:
296:
32:This article includes a list of general
642:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
122:19,600 sq mi (51,000 km)
2468:National Natural Landmarks in Nebraska
2440:
1244:
1129:
633:Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge
617:Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge
1741:Kearney Micropolitan Statistical Area
1521:
1495:
1418:
1399:
1322:
1022:
895:Working Group I: The Scientific Basis
815:
813:
786:
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429:Sand Hills from space, September 2001
359:(WWF) designated the Sandhills as an
1304:. The Associated Press. July 8, 2021
1156:Llopis-Jepsen, Celia (May 8, 2024).
1092:Official Nebraska Government Website
1058:
18:
1323:Mejia, Evelyn (December 29, 2023).
846:Macoubrie, Monica (June 19, 2023).
608:Conservation efforts and protection
544:around homesteads and during early
336:The Sandhills sit atop the massive
13:
1393:
1273:Valentine National Wildlife Refuge
1002:10.1023/B:CLIM.0000018516.53419.90
848:"Prairies Here and Prairies There"
810:
781:
613:Valentine National Wildlife Refuge
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2509:
1471:Dunes were mobile 1,000 years ago
1449:World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001).
1442:
460:, which was located in southeast
2389:
1034:. National Geographic. pp.
798:. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
107:
91:
23:
2473:Geologic formations of Nebraska
1365:
1316:
1290:
1278:
1263:
1238:
1212:
1175:
1149:
1079:
672:TransCanada Keystone XL Project
1736:Grand Island metropolitan area
1182:Breining, Greg (Autumn 2023).
1052:
1016:
977:
839:
759:
691:Environmental Impact Statement
588:The Sandhills are part of the
503:The Sandhills are home to 314
241:U.S. National Natural Landmark
1:
1130:Hammel, Paul (July 8, 2021).
753:
292:
7:
2483:Natural history of Nebraska
1585:Speakers of the Legislature
1455:WildWorld Ecoregion Profile
699:
10:
2514:
2498:Flora of the United States
2453:Dunes of the United States
1402:An Atlas of the Sand Hills
1198:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1184:"Battling a Green Glacier"
1162:The Topeka Capital-Journal
904:Cambridge University Press
771:National Natural Landmarks
580:during the summer months.
574:
494:
433:
366:
357:World Wide Fund for Nature
2385:
1907:
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1746:Lincoln metropolitan area
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1481:Mammals of the Sand Hills
1287:. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
1275:. Retrieved May 2, 2017.
1112:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1059:UCAR (October 19, 2010).
684:would assess TransCanada
530:
287:National Natural Landmark
277:on grass-stabilized sand
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247:
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161:
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131:
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1245:Lingle, Gary R. (1994).
629:Niobrara Valley Preserve
583:
101:, near sunset in October
1751:Omaha metropolitan area
1605:Congressional districts
1419:Jones, Stephen (2000).
469:center-pivot irrigation
376:Paleoclimate and future
53:more precise citations.
2488:Ecoregions of Nebraska
1600:Supreme Court justices
1486:The Nebraska Sandhills
1331:. Flatwater Free Press
1329:DTN Progressive Farmer
825:Terrestrial Ecoregions
682:U. S. State Department
638:University of Nebraska
636:Heritage Program, the
491:
430:
325:
306:
2478:Landforms of Nebraska
1731:Dissected Till Plains
852:Nebraskaland Magazine
827:. World Wildlife Fund
775:National Park Service
767:"Nebraska Sand Hills"
653:sustainable practices
485:
428:
410:simulations based on
312:
300:
792:"Sand Hills Program"
513:prairie rattlesnakes
416:Palmer Drought Index
392:Medieval Warm Period
2420: /
2396:Nebraska portal
1632:Tourist attractions
1400:Bleed, Ann (1990).
1270:"About the Refuge".
1226:on October 23, 2008
1067:on January 14, 2012
945:1994ClCh...26..109H
521:sharp-tailed grouse
517:ringnecked pheasant
390:as recently as the
275:mixed-grass prairie
181: /
1136:Omaha World-Herald
963:10.1007/BF01092410
657:rotational grazing
651:while focusing on
625:Nature conservancy
598:western meadowlark
561:Penstemon haydenii
550:ecosystem collapse
492:
431:
412:evapotranspiration
326:
307:
2493:Flora of Nebraska
2448:Hills of Nebraska
2403:
2402:
1461:on March 8, 2010.
1434:978-0-07-135347-2
1411:978-1-56161-002-0
1196:(4). Ithaca, NY:
1045:978-1-4262-0385-5
917:978-0-521-80767-8
707:Aeolian processes
678:Keystone Pipeline
557:blowout penstemon
350:interior drainage
317:, Sandhills, and
281:in north-central
273:, is a region of
263:
262:
224:Middle Loup River
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2424:42.13°N 102.19°W
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1894:South Sioux City
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486:Sand Hills near
338:Ogallala Aquifer
269:, often written
221:North Loup River
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185:42.13°N 102.19°W
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97:Sandhills in
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2307:Scotts Bluff
1874:North Platte
1834:Grand Island
1775:
1698:Homelessness
1673:Demographics
1535:
1459:the original
1454:
1422:
1401:
1382:September 4,
1380:. Retrieved
1367:
1355:. Retrieved
1345:
1335:December 31,
1333:. Retrieved
1328:
1318:
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1301:
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1224:the original
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1177:
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1161:
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1139:. Retrieved
1135:
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1091:
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1071:September 4,
1069:. Retrieved
1065:the original
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851:
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802:September 4,
800:. Retrieved
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396:scrub desert
381:Paleoclimate
379:
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335:
331:
327:
315:Dismal River
270:
266:
264:
227:Dismal River
80:
65:
56:
37:
2427: /
1889:Scottsbluff
1703:LGBT rights
1580:Legislature
1189:Living Bird
1024:Lynas, Mark
737:Kinkaid Act
686:Keystone XL
663:. In 2021,
509:bull snakes
450:Kinkaid Act
217:Snake River
188: /
163:Coordinates
156:High Plains
51:introducing
2442:Categories
2357:Washington
2282:Richardson
2277:Red Willow
1766:Pine Ridge
1565:Government
1256:0964121905
906:. p.
882:Mann, M.E.
874:Karl, T.R.
754:References
665:Ted Turner
661:grasslands
640:, and the
602:state bird
505:vertebrate
490:, May 2005
414:support a
388:sand dunes
342:Loup River
271:Sand Hills
248:Designated
34:references
2212:McPherson
2187:Lancaster
2172:Keya Paha
2152:Jefferson
2132:Hitchcock
1947:Box Butte
1884:Papillion
1854:Lexington
1781:Siouxland
1776:Sandhills
1761:Panhandle
1688:Elections
1683:Education
1570:Governors
1560:Geography
1540:(capital)
1357:March 22,
1206:1059-521X
1200:: 28–40.
1010:154441811
971:128680153
949:CiteSeerX
732:Dust Bowl
621:Panhandle
546:Arbor Day
542:windbreak
471:systems.
448:The 1904
420:Dust Bowl
404:grassland
361:ecoregion
293:Geography
289:in 1984.
267:Sandhills
127:Geography
86:Sandhills
2415:102°11′W
2347:Thurston
2317:Sheridan
2302:Saunders
2237:Nuckolls
2117:Hamilton
2092:Garfield
2072:Frontier
2067:Franklin
2062:Fillmore
1997:Cheyenne
1922:Antelope
1909:Counties
1849:La Vista
1839:Hastings
1819:Columbus
1814:Bellevue
1809:Beatrice
1804:Alliance
1708:Politics
1693:Gun laws
1653:Cannabis
1648:Abortion
1527:Nebraska
1302:ABC News
1108:cite web
1098:July 21,
1026:(2008).
857:June 20,
831:July 21,
747:Sandhill
700:See also
655:such as
352:basins.
344:and the
283:Nebraska
176:102°11′W
146:Nebraska
59:May 2017
2412:42°08′N
2372:Wheeler
2367:Webster
2332:Stanton
2322:Sherman
2252:Perkins
2222:Morrill
2217:Merrick
2207:Madison
2192:Lincoln
2177:Kimball
2162:Kearney
2157:Johnson
2107:Greeley
2052:Douglas
1962:Buffalo
1869:Norfolk
1859:Lincoln
1844:Kearney
1824:Fremont
1756:Outback
1718:Regions
1678:Economy
1668:Culture
1641:Society
1627:Symbols
1612:History
1537:Lincoln
1308:July 9,
1167:May 13,
1141:July 8,
941:Bibcode
717:Blowout
712:Barchan
659:of the
575:Insects
565:Wyoming
495:Ecology
488:Bingham
458:DeWitty
434:History
367:Climate
303:Antioch
197:
173:42°08′N
132:Country
47:improve
2352:Valley
2342:Thomas
2337:Thayer
2312:Seward
2292:Saline
2267:Platte
2262:Pierce
2257:Phelps
2247:Pawnee
2232:Nemaha
2147:Howard
2142:Hooker
2122:Harlan
2097:Gosper
2087:Garden
2077:Furnas
2032:Dawson
2022:Dakota
2017:Custer
2012:Cuming
2007:Colfax
1992:Cherry
1972:Butler
1937:Blaine
1932:Banner
1927:Arthur
1864:McCook
1829:Gering
1622:People
1547:Topics
1431:
1408:
1253:
1230:May 3,
1204:
1042:
1008:
969:
951:
914:
600:, the
531:Plants
476:cattle
202:Rivers
152:Region
36:, but
2362:Wayne
2327:Sioux
2297:Sarpy
2227:Nance
2197:Logan
2167:Keith
2127:Hayes
2102:Grant
2057:Dundy
2047:Dodge
2042:Dixon
2037:Deuel
2027:Dawes
1987:Chase
1982:Cedar
1957:Brown
1942:Boone
1917:Adams
1879:Omaha
1663:Crime
1617:Music
1555:Index
1523:State
1376:(PDF)
1006:S2CID
967:S2CID
888:. In
649:bison
584:Birds
384:proxy
279:dunes
142:State
2377:York
2287:Rock
2272:Polk
2242:Otoe
2202:Loup
2182:Knox
2137:Holt
2112:Hall
2082:Gage
2002:Clay
1977:Cass
1967:Burt
1952:Boyd
1899:York
1429:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1384:2018
1359:2012
1337:2023
1310:2021
1251:ISBN
1232:2008
1202:ISSN
1169:2024
1143:2021
1114:link
1100:2007
1073:2018
1040:ISBN
912:ISBN
859:2023
833:2007
804:2018
727:Dune
555:The
536:the
408:UCAR
355:The
265:The
251:1984
208:List
119:Area
1525:of
1036:336
998:doi
959:doi
908:881
627:'s
321:in
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