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them." Earlier in 2015, five journalists by the names of Musa
Mohamed (the director of the state-run radio station Raja FM), Adam Juma (reporter and presenter for Raja FM), Dalia Marko and Randa George (reporters for Raja FM), and Boutros Martin (a cameraman for the Western Bahr el Ghazal of South Sudan Television) had been murdered while traveling as part of a convoy, along with six other people. Tom Rhodes of the
1125:. International humanitarian advocates stated the famine was manmade and pointed to the country's ongoing conflict for creating the famine conditions. More than 3 million people had been displaced by ongoing violence across the country, forcing families to abandon agricultural land and livestock, leaving them with few food resources to survive with. The worst fighting was in
1095:, however, Kiir's shares are not held directly but may be concealed in the name of a close associate. Ties between Kiir and the company were denied by Kiir's spokesman Ateny Wek. The company was awarded at least $ 161 million in government roads contracts. The president's wife previously held shares in Yanyyom Mineral Water and Beverage Factory located in
513:, as the eighth of nine children (six boys and three girls) in the family. His father, Kuethpiny Thiik Atem (d. 2007), was a cattle herder who belonged to Payum clan. Atem had three wives, Awiei Rou Wol, Adut Makuei Piol and Awien Akoon Deng, along with 16 children. Kiir's mother, Awiei Rou Wol Tong was a farmer, who belonged to the Payii clan.
811:. Kiir had announced that he would no longer tolerate criticism by members of his cabinet. In July, Kiir sacked his entire cabinet, leading experts to warn of upcoming "a full-blown catastrophe". In December 2013, Kiir accused his vice President and other Party members of plotting a coup, leading him to arrest those politicians.
735:
communities. According to investigations carried out by the UN, 800 people from both ethnic groups were killed between
December 2011 and February 2012, while women and children were abducted and property was looted and destroyed. Unbeknownst to large numbers of or the entire child soldier population,
827:
after being shot twice from behind. His murder was committed three days after Kiir publicly and officially threatened journalists, stating that "freedom of the press does not mean that you work against your country. If anybody does not know that this country will kill people, we will demonstrate on
1006:
oil to the world market. In addition, the agreements include an understanding of the parameters to follow in regards to demarcating their border, an economic cooperation agreement and a deal to protect each other's citizens. Certain issues remain unsolved and future talks are scheduled to resolve
664:
became an independent state, with Kiir as its first president. Kiir positioned himself as a reformer, using his inaugural address to call for the South
Sudanese people "to forgive though we shall not forget" injustices imposed at the hands of the northern Sudanese over the preceding decades and
836:
In
December 2022, Kiir lost control of his bladder and involuntarily urinated into his clothing during a road opening ceremony. Six staff of the South Sudan Broadcasting Corporation were subsequently arrested on 7 January 2023 in relation to video of the urination, which was widely distributed
832:
stated after the murders that "The murder of five journalists is a devastating attack on South Sudan's already beleaguered press corps," and that "We urge
Western Bahr el Ghazal authorities to do their utmost to identify the perpetrators and bring them to justice, and to ensure journalists are
795:
in late 2012, Kiir began reorganizing the senior leadership of his government, party and military on an unprecedented scale. In
January 2013, he replaced the inspector general of the national police service with a lieutenant from the army, and dismissed six deputy chiefs of staff and 29 major
1050:
in
December 2013 in the lead-up to a meeting of the National Liberation Council (NLC) of the ruling SPLM party. After two days of NLC meetings, on the night of 15 December 2013 shooting erupted within Salva Kiir's Presidential Guards. The next day, Kiir denounced Machar and other senior SPLM
609:. Although the vote on both the national and sub-national level was criticized by democratic activists and international observers, the overwhelming margin of Kiir's re-election was noted by some media as being "Step One" in the process of secession. Following his re-election,
601:
were expected to further strain political tensions. Reports in
January 2010 that Kiir would not contest April elections for Sudanese president, but would focus on re-election as president of Southern Sudan were interpreted to mean that the SPLM priority was independence.
484:
under the leadership of Garang in July 2005. Following Garang's death at the end of the month, Kiir became the new
President of the Southern Autonomous region, as well as First Vice President of the central government. Kiir won re-election as President following the
947:
Relations between Kiir's government and some erstwhile supporters deteriorated since the start of the civil war. He disclosed in an op-ed published in his name in the
Washington Times in October 2015 that unnamed "international partners in peace" had threatened his
1132:
Days after the declaration of famine, the government raised the price of a business visa from $ 100 to $ 10,000, mostly aimed at aid workers, citing a need to increase government revenue. U.N. officials said that Kiir was blocking food deliveries to some areas.
686:
On 18 June 2013, Kiir issued an order lifting the immunity of two ministers in the national government pending investigations into an alleged corruption case in which they appeared to be implicated. He also issued an order suspending Cabinet Affairs Minister
669:
carried out by armed personnel would be considered criminal acts and prosecuted aggressively by the Ministry of Justice. His presidency was characterized as a period of reconstruction, albeit one marred by internal and foreign disputes. Among these were the
568:
was captured by the SPLA. Kiir eventually rose to head the SPLA, the SPLM's military wing, when Dr. John Garang was killed in a helicopter crash. Rumours to remove Kiir from his post as SPLA Chief of Staff in 2004 nearly caused the organization to split.
1045:
party and warned of widespread consequences if party doesn't fix its growing autocratic policies. Duop also predicted negative results the young nation would face if a civil war break out. Tensions rose between Kiir and his former vice president
1186:. Allegedly, a traditional Dinka ceremony was conducted by his brothers. This led to strife between Kiir's eldest daughter and Aluel William Nyuon Bany. Kiir has not publicly commented on the allegation. According to media reports in
755:
to investigate those responsible for the mass murders and murders, but as of January 2013 no finances had been allocated to the "Investigation Committee" or any of its members sworn in to commence the investigation and bring those to
1099:. The factory took its name from Lake Yanyyom, located near the president's hometown Akon in Warrap State. Another owner of the factory was Garang Deng Aguer, a business magnate and former Governor of Northern Bahr el Ghazal State.
1022:
state, killing at least eight people and injuring an equal number. South Sudan treated the attack as a gross violation of the cooperation agreement the two country's leaders signed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 27 September.
665:
announce a general amnesty for South Sudanese groups that had warred against the SPLM in the past. A few weeks later, he publicly addressed members of the military and police to warn them that rape, torture, and other
736:
Kiir planned and had decided to agree to warlike stipends from the Obama administration beginning in 2012, regardless of an American law prohibiting aid to nations utilizing child soldiers created and passed in 2008.
714:
is not in the "character" of Southern Sudanese people. "It is not even something that anybody can talk about here in southern Sudan in particular. It is not there and if anybody wants to import or to export it to
743:, arrest and prosecution of the individuals who carried out the violence against civilians of both the Nuer and Murle ethnic groups is widely believed to have contributed massively to, if not categorically, the
585:
in January 2005, Garang was sworn in as the Vice President of the Republic of Sudan. After the death of John Garang De in a helicopter crash on 30 July 2005, Kiir was chosen to succeed to the post of First
932:
After the outbreak of the South Sudanese civil war, Salva Kiir delivered a speech in January 2014 lashing out at the United Nations and "so-called humanitarian organizations", accusing them of supporting
944:
In March 2014, Kiir's government organized a rally accusing the United Nations of colluding with anti-government forces. Protesters carried signs accusing the UN of arming anti-government forces.
50:
2135:
560:. Garang De Mabior had advanced military knowledge and experience from both the United States and Sudan, and Kiir served as his deputy. In 1997, Kiir commanded the SPLA troops that took part in
868:
719:, it will not get the support and it will always be condemned by everybody," he said. He then went on to refer to homosexuality as a "mental disease" and a "bastion of Western immorality".
800:
but this was viewed as troublesome in regards to a power grab by others. Kiir had also suggested that his rivals were trying to revive the rifts that had provoked infighting in the 1990s.
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allowed to carry out their duties safely." At present, none of the parties responsible for ordering the murders or perpetrators of the crimes have been arrested, charged, or convicted.
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South Sudanese voted overwhelmingly in favor of their independence from Sudan in January 2011, with 98.83% of voters reportedly preferring to split from the North. On 9 July 2011,
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of sheltering his enemies on their bases adding, "There is a problem with the international community, and it is something that people will have to thrash out with them."
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Comments by Kiir in October 2009 that the forthcoming independence referendum was a choice between being "a second class in your own country" or "a free person in your
1041:
News Agency website. The article was authored by a South Sudanese analyst and critical writer by the name Duop Chak Wuol. In his writings, Duop criticized the ruling
1091:
Kiir is reported to be the part-owner of ABMC Thai-South Sudan Construction Company Limited. With Garang Deng Aguer and Benjamin Bol Mel According to a report by
2055:
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in June 2015, the Saudi Arabian embassy in Khartoum had previously alerted the Saudi Arabian government of an assassination plot against Kiir by members of the
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766:"Operation Restore Peace" which began in March 2012 and continued throughout the year, soldiers were ordered to and assumed the responsibility of
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and President of Southern Sudan. Before independence, Kiir was popular among the military wing of the SPLA/M for his loyalty to the vision of the
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officials for staging a failed coup against his government, a claim later denied by Machar and others. These events marked the start of the
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from their duties during the entire duration of the probe. In July 2013, Kiir sacked his entire cabinet, including his vice president,
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throughout the liberation struggle and among those who do not trust the successive governments that have come and gone in the Sudan.
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In a politically charged social issue, it has been claimed that Kiir secretly married the daughter of former comrade, the late
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1055:. About 400,000 people were estimated to have been killed in the war by April 2018, including notable atrocities such as the
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1170:. He reportedly liked it so much that he purchased several. He now rarely makes public appearances without wearing one.
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to be "at the center of our hearts" due to its members' support of South Sudan during the Sudanese civil wars.
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online. The last of the journalists was eventually released on the 18th of March 2023 without charge.
1790:"Five journalists killed when gunmen ambush convoy in South Sudan – Committee to Protect Journalists"
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998:, Ethiopia, which led the way to resume important oil exports and create a 10-kilometre (6 mi)
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1739:"Final report of the African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan – South Sudan | ReliefWeb"
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along their border. The agreements allow for the return of 56,000,000 litres (350,000 barrels) of
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1661:"Hillary Clinton's State Department Gave South Sudan's Military a Pass for Its Child Soldiers"
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following several years of instability in the country's food supply caused by civil war and
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1513:"South Sudan: Salva Kiir Calls for Forgiveness As South now South Sudan Gains Independence"
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2111:"Egyptian intelligence coordinated with Khartoum to assassinate South Sudan's Kiir: cable"
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South Sudan President Salva Kiir told UN of acting like a parallel government JAN 20,2014
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2136:"Special investigation: President Kiir linked to multi-million dollar roads contracts"
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2023:"South Sudan: Juba to File Complaint to UN Security Council Over Khartoum Aggression"
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747:, as well as the continued perpetration of the ethnic violence. Kiir established a
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823:, was found murdered late on the night of 19 August 2015 in a residential area of
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In mid-October 2011, Kiir announced South Sudan had applied for accession to the
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name. According to Dinka custom, this person is properly addressed by the name
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On 26 March 2012, the South Sudanese army attacked the oilfield in the town of
704:
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645:, watches a ceremony celebrating the founding of South Sudan with Kiir in 2011.
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he had been sent to put down, Kiir and other Southern leaders joined the rebel
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Moi Peter Julius, who was a political reporter for a South Sudanese newspaper
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1765:"South Sudan reporter killed in apparent targeted attack – Global Journalist"
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Profile: Salva Kiir – South Sudan's Commander-in-chief – image vs reality
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since its independence on 9 July 2011. Prior to independence, he was the
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1014:(UNSC) against Sudan in the wake of aerial bombings carried out by the
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and that he would challenge Kiir for the presidency. He also dismissed
1221:""Our family life is private" Kiir's in-law says – Entertainment News"
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generals in the army. In February 2013 Kiir retired an additional 117
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1972:"South Sudan: the world's youngest nation strives to build democracy"
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On 25 November 2012, South Sudan launched a formal complaint to the
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1558:"Salva Kiir Warns Armed South Sudan Forces Over Human Rights Abuse"
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2085:"Study estimates 190,000 people killed in South Sudan's civil war"
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1477:"Salva Kiir and Ali Osman appointed deputies of Sudan's President"
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family in the village of Akon in the Awan-Chan Dinka community in
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1841:"South Sudan readies for EAC membership which was later rejected"
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1209:, Kenyan police arrest S. Sudan president's son over drunkenness
489:. The following year, South Sudan gained independence after the
476:(SPLA), eventually becoming the head of the SPLA. Following the
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2166:"Special investigation: Kiir did business with ex-NCP governor"
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2377:. Standard Media. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014
2293:"Famine declared in part of South Sudan by government and UN"
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Clooney & Prendergast, George & John (9 March 2017).
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1998:"Negotiating Peace in the Sudans: The Addis Ababa Agreement"
437:, from 2005 to 2011. He was named Commander-in-Chief of the
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2223:"South Sudan famine results from failure of political will"
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2056:"It wasn't a coup: Salva Kiir shot himself in the foot"
1690:"South Sudan president sacks cabinet in power struggle"
978:), located between the border of the Sudanese state of
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A lack of accountability and justice pertaining to the
2441:
Salva Kiir Speaks at the International Peace Institute
1491:"Over 99 Percent in Southern Sudan Vote for Secession"
1432:"Sudan would accept separation, says President Bashir"
1404:"S. Sudan president makes first call for independence"
2271:"South Sudan hikes visa cost to $ 10,000 amid famine"
456:
rebels fighting for Southern independence during the
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1796:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 27 January 2015
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803:On 7 May 2013 Kiir dismissed legal advisor Justice
1995:
1459:"Bashir Wins Election as Sudan Edges Toward Split"
917:from 1956 to 1972, and met with Israeli president
2044:The SPLM and the Rise of Autocracy in South Sudan
1708:
1580:"South Sudan gripped by power struggles – Africa"
1535:"Salva Kiir takes oath, grants amnesty to rebels"
1277:"Sudan: UN mourns death of Vice-President Garang"
460:in the late 1960s. Following the outbreak of the
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2458:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
2395:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2371:""Our family life is private" Kiirs in-law says"
1679:
1311:"Salva Kiir Mayardit: The Joshua of South Sudan"
613:reappointed Kiir as the First Vice President of
605:Kiir was re-elected with 93% of the vote in the
1843:. Busiweek.com. 17 October 2011. Archived from
974:(known also to the Dinka of the Unity state as
751:"Investigation Committee" with an ostentatious
5162:Sudan People's Liberation Movement politicians
1946:"South Sudan Peace Protesters Rail Against UN"
1602:"South Sudan President Condemns Homosexuality"
1037:In September 2013, an article appeared on the
994:Omar al-Bashir and signed eight agreements in
544:, he was a low-ranking officer. In 1983, when
2744:
2610:
2596:
2412:
1969:
1390:
1308:
617:in accordance with the interim constitution.
2416:South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence
1469:
2345:"Battles rock Salva Kiir family in Nairobi"
2263:
1996:Affa'a-Mindzie, Mireille (9 October 2012).
1762:
1190:, "Kiir's in-laws" have requested privacy.
774:, binding people with rope, and torture to
710:Kiir told Radio Netherlands Worldwide that
655:2011 South Sudanese independence referendum
491:2011 South Sudanese independence referendum
2751:
2737:
2603:
2589:
2447:Kiir's Speech on First Visit to Washington
2413:LeRiche, Matthew; Arnold, Matthew (2013).
1944:Rwakaringi, Mugume Davis (14 March 2014).
1943:
1182:, an ethnic Nuer and former leader of the
572:
49:
19:"Kiir" redirects here. For the river, see
5182:SPLM/SPLA Political-Military High Command
2220:
1456:
1018:(SAF) in parts of South Sudan's northern
782:
2320:"Where did Kiir get his ten-gallon hat?"
2295:. WHIO. 20 February 2017. Archived from
1970:Kiir Mayardit, Salva (11 October 2015).
1667:. New Nation, Long War. First Look Media
1145:
937:to try to overthrow him. He accused the
882:
867:
855:
648:
630:
520:
413:(born 13 September 1951), also known as
5177:21st-century South Sudanese politicians
5101:Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
1604:. African Activist News. Archived from
1356:
1247:"Biography of H.E. Salva Kiir Mayardit"
1173:
913:to thank it for its support during the
493:with Kiir as its inaugural President.
441:(SPLA) in 2005, following the death of
5187:People of the South Sudanese Civil War
5129:
2197:"South Sudan's government-made famine"
1763:Raskauskite, Zivile (26 August 2015).
1720:, International Crisis Group, May 2013
1113:In the early months of 2017, parts of
516:
501:Kiir was born in 1951 into a pastoral
2732:
2584:
2243:
1926:from the original on 21 December 2021
1655:
1637:. Human Rights Watch. 10 January 2013
1627:
1625:
1623:
1363:The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars
1324:
1322:
1320:
1102:
1086:
1062:
778:regarding the whereabouts of weapons.
256:9 July 2005 – 11 August 2005
203:11 August 2005 – 9 July 2011
151:Acting: 30 July 2005 – 11 August 2005
2221:MacSorley, Dominic (24 March 2017).
1556:Wadu, Waakhe Simon (1 August 2011).
1555:
1457:Gettleman, Jeffrey (26 April 2010).
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
487:2010 South Sudanese general election
2760:Current heads of state of republics
2419:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1594:
1026:
532:In the late 1960s, Kiir joined the
472:as a member of its armed wing, the
368:South Sudan People's Defence Forces
149:30 July 2005 – 9 July 2011
16:President of South Sudan since 2011
13:
5192:Recipients of the Collar of Honour
2062:, 20 December 2013, archived from
1620:
1317:
1309:WĂ«l, PaanLuel (24 February 2016).
864:in Washington, D.C., 5 August 2014
840:
681:
554:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
466:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
372:South Sudan People's Defence Force
332:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
14:
5203:
4728:Transitional Presidential Council
2434:
2317:
2025:. allAfrica.com. 25 November 2012
1887:
1869:. Alarabiya.net. 20 December 2011
1295:
815:Murder and torture of journalists
674:, which caused a border war with
474:Sudanese People's Liberation Army
5108:
5094:
5080:
5066:
5052:
5038:
5024:
5010:
4985:
4971:
4957:
4943:
4929:
4915:
4901:
4887:
4873:
4859:
4845:
4831:
4806:
4792:
4778:
4764:
4750:
4736:
4721:
4707:
4693:
4679:
4665:
4651:
4637:
4623:
4598:
4584:
4568:
4530:
4514:
4500:
4486:
4472:
4454:
4440:
4426:
4412:
4398:
4382:
4368:
4354:
4340:
4326:
4312:
4298:
4282:
4268:
4254:
4240:
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4212:
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4156:
4142:
4128:
4114:
4100:
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3865:
3851:
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3793:
3779:
3765:
3751:
3736:
3722:
3708:
3693:
3679:
3665:
3651:
3637:
3623:
3609:
3595:
3581:
3567:
3553:
3539:
3514:
3500:
3486:
3472:
3458:
3444:
3436:Transitional Sovereignty Council
3429:
3415:
3401:
3387:
3371:
3357:
3343:
3329:
3315:
3299:
3285:
3271:
3256:
3242:
3228:
3214:
3200:
3185:
3171:
3157:
3142:
3128:
3114:
3100:
3086:
3071:
3057:
3043:
3028:
3014:
3000:
2986:
2972:
2958:
2944:
2930:
2916:
2902:
2888:
2874:
2860:
2846:
2831:
2817:
2803:
2789:
2775:
2697:
2619:Southern Sudan Autonomous Region
2499:Vice President of Southern Sudan
2246:"Famine declared in South Sudan"
1893:"South Sudan, Israel's New Ally"
1136:
982:and the South Sudanese state of
960:Heglig crisis and war with Sudan
830:Committee to Protect Journalists
2468:United Nations General Assembly
2464:Address by President Salva Kiir
2363:
2337:
2311:
2285:
2237:
2214:
2188:
2158:
2128:
2103:
2077:
2037:
2015:
1989:
1963:
1937:
1910:
1881:
1859:
1833:
1808:
1782:
1756:
1731:
1649:
1572:
1549:
1527:
1505:
1483:
1450:
1424:
1012:United Nations Security Council
5157:South Sudanese Roman Catholics
2406:
2244:Quinn, B. (20 February 2017).
2172:. 24 June 2015. Archived from
2142:. 16 June 2015. Archived from
1634:World Report 2013: South Sudan
1396:
1350:
1269:
1239:
1213:
1199:
1166:as a gift from U.S. President
1141:
1033:Ethnic violence in South Sudan
439:Sudan People's Liberation Army
1:
2993:Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
2542:First Vice President of Sudan
1479:. Sudan Tribune. 29 May 2010.
1193:
787:After rumors about a planned
620:
579:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
577:Following the signing of the
496:
478:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
464:in 1983, Kiir joined the new
435:First Vice President of Sudan
191:First Vice President of Sudan
2470:, 23 September 2011 (video;
1537:. Sudan Tribune. 9 July 2011
990:. On 27 September, Kiir met
807:and deputy Foreign Minister
707:as Governor of Unity State.
607:2010 South Sudanese election
421:politician who has been the
7:
4757:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
4375:Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
2526:President of Southern Sudan
2466:to the 66th session of the
1493:. FOX News. 30 January 2011
1391:LeRiche & Arnold (2013)
1158:In 2006, when visiting the
921:to discuss establishing an
891:in Sochi on 24 October 2019
627:Human rights in South Sudan
10:
5208:
5147:People from Warrap (state)
1106:
1030:
963:
906:On 20 December 2011, Kiir
624:
540:. By the time of the 1972
468:(SPLM) rebel group led by
366:Commander-in-Chief of the
118:Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior
25:
18:
5167:Presidents of South Sudan
5001:
4866:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
4822:
4614:
4557:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
3969:
3530:
2895:Faustin-Archange Touadéra
2766:
2706:
2695:
2670:
2627:
2618:
2612:Presidents of South Sudan
2572:
2563:
2558:
2548:
2539:
2523:
2515:
2505:
2496:
2491:
2486:
889:Russia–Africa Summit 2019
462:Second Sudanese Civil War
404:
390:Second Sudanese Civil War
381:
362:
352:
347:
337:
327:
301:
296:
292:
280:
270:
260:
249:
241:
229:
217:
207:
196:
189:
179:
167:
155:
142:
134:
124:
95:
83:
72:
64:
60:
48:
41:
5172:Vice presidents of Sudan
4219:Katerina Sakellaropoulou
4029:Alexander Van der Bellen
2566:President of South Sudan
1867:"Al Arabiya, 12/20/2011"
1368:Indiana University Press
1162:, Kiir received a black
1152:President George W. Bush
1150:Kiir with United States
1069:Saudi Arabian diplomatic
1053:South Sudanese Civil War
915:First Sudanese Civil War
723:In December 2011, 6,000
538:First Sudanese Civil War
458:First Sudanese Civil War
452:ethnic group and joined
423:President of South Sudan
399:South Sudanese Civil War
386:First Sudanese Civil War
343:Aluel William Nyuon Bany
67:President of South Sudan
26:This article contains a
4419:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
4205:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2708:Republic of South Sudan
2273:. Alaraby. 5 March 2017
1109:2017 South Sudan famine
860:Kiir with US President
667:human rights violations
588:Vice President of Sudan
573:South Sudanese politics
525:Salva Kiir Mayardit in
3830:Tharman Shanmugaratnam
3207:Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
2621:(1972–1983; 2005–2011)
2472:summary and transcript
2351:. Standard Media Group
2002:IPI Global Observatory
1155:
901:East African Community
897:East African Community
892:
880:
865:
783:Consolidation of power
768:extrajudicial killings
657:
646:
529:
4644:Rodrigo Chaves Robles
4333:Myriam Spiteri Debono
4121:Nikos Christodoulides
3916:Serdar Berdimuhamedow
3729:Ukhnaagiin KhĂĽrelsĂĽkh
3658:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
3394:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
3336:Bassirou Diomaye Faye
3263:Abdourahamane Tchiani
3221:Prithvirajsing Roopun
2853:Évariste Ndayishimiye
1330:"Profile: Salva Kiir"
1251:www.presidency.gov.ss
1149:
1081:Sudanese intelligence
886:
871:
859:
776:extract "information"
691:and Finance Minister
652:
634:
625:Further information:
562:Operation Thunderbolt
542:Addis Ababa Agreement
524:
448:Kiir was born to the
429:of the Government of
395:Operation Thunderbolt
4591:Recep Tayyip ErdoÄźan
4191:Salome Zourabichvili
4057:Alexander Lukashenko
3858:Ranil Wickremesinghe
3546:Mohammed Shahabuddin
3093:Umaro Sissoco EmbalĂł
2979:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
2951:Denis Sassou Nguesso
2782:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
2452:16 July 2011 at the
1582:. Al Jazeera English
1174:Marriage controversy
1057:2014 Bentiu massacre
581:formally ending the
322:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
276:Position established
130:Position established
5115:Nikenike Vurobaravu
5087:Surangel Whipps Jr.
4605:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
4541:Karin Keller-Sutter
4015:Vahagn Khachaturyan
3686:Thongloun Sisoulith
3451:Samia Suluhu Hassan
3422:Salva Kiir Mayardit
2965:IsmaĂŻl Omar Guelleh
2534:Position abolished
2443:, 22 September 2010
2299:on 21 February 2017
2201:The Washington Post
2091:. 26 September 2018
1608:on 3 September 2011
1358:Johnson, Douglas H.
809:Elias Nyamlell Wako
653:Kiir voting in the
517:Sudanese civil wars
480:, the South gained
411:Salva Kiir Mayardit
43:Salva Kiir Mayardit
5017:Wiliame Katonivere
4799:Christine Kangaloo
4576:Vadim Krasnoselsky
4261:Michael D. Higgins
3930:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
3758:Ram Chandra Poudel
3630:Abdul Latif Rashid
3521:Emmerson Mnangagwa
3507:Hakainde Hichilema
2487:Political offices
2176:on 31 January 2016
2146:on 12 January 2016
2066:on 12 October 2017
2060:South Sudan nation
1847:on 21 October 2011
1463:The New York Times
1180:William Nyuon Bany
1156:
1154:, 15 November 2007
1103:South Sudan famine
1087:Business interests
1071:cable released by
1063:Assassination plot
1016:Sudan Armed Forces
1000:demilitarized zone
992:Sudanese President
899:. He declared the
893:
881:
866:
658:
647:
643:President of Sudan
599:independent state"
530:
393: •
341:Mary Ayen Mayardit
242:Vice President of
185:Position abolished
5124:
5123:
4658:Miguel DĂaz-Canel
4507:Nataša Pirc Musar
4275:Sergio Mattarella
4247:Halla TĂłmasdĂłttir
4075:Željka Cvijanović
3107:Alassane Ouattara
2824:Mokgweetsi Masisi
2726:
2725:
2693:
2692:
2579:
2578:
2549:Succeeded by
2506:Succeeded by
2480:, 13 October 2014
2460:, 4 November 2005
2225:. The Irish Times
1769:Global Journalist
1438:. 19 January 2010
1412:. 31 October 2009
1257:on 11 August 2021
986:, triggering the
879:, 30 October 2016
872:Kiir with Indian
693:Kosti Manibe Ngai
566:Western Equatoria
536:battalion in the
408:
407:
376:Anyanya Battalion
312:13 September 1951
114:Hussein Abdelbagi
5199:
5117:
5113:
5112:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5033:
5029:
5028:
5019:
5015:
5014:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4980:
4978:Luis Lacalle Pou
4976:
4975:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4924:
4920:
4919:
4910:
4906:
4905:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4882:
4878:
4877:
4868:
4864:
4863:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4787:
4785:José Raúl Mulino
4783:
4782:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4716:
4714:Bernardo Arévalo
4712:
4711:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4646:
4642:
4641:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4593:
4589:
4588:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4563:
4535:
4534:
4525:
4519:
4518:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4495:
4493:Peter Pellegrini
4491:
4490:
4481:
4479:Aleksandar Vučić
4477:
4476:
4467:
4465:Milena Gasperoni
4461:Alessandro Rossi
4459:
4458:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4435:
4431:
4430:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4407:
4403:
4402:
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4377:
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4359:
4358:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4321:
4317:
4316:
4307:
4305:Edgars Rinkēvičs
4303:
4302:
4293:
4287:
4286:
4277:
4273:
4272:
4263:
4259:
4258:
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4017:
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3999:
3998:
3989:
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3928:
3927:
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3842:
3841:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3788:
3786:Asif Ali Zardari
3784:
3783:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3760:
3756:
3755:
3746:
3741:
3740:
3731:
3727:
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3717:
3713:
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3703:
3698:
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3656:
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3632:
3628:
3627:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3604:
3600:
3599:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3576:
3574:José Ramos-Horta
3572:
3571:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3467:
3465:Faure Gnassingbé
3463:
3462:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3439:
3434:
3433:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3396:
3392:
3391:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3366:
3364:Julius Maada Bio
3362:
3361:
3352:
3350:Wavel Ramkalawan
3348:
3347:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3324:
3322:Carlos Vila Nova
3320:
3319:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3261:
3260:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3180:
3178:Lazarus Chakwera
3176:
3175:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3152:
3149:Mohamed al-Menfi
3147:
3146:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3081:
3078:Mamady Doumbouya
3076:
3075:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3023:
3021:Sahle-Work Zewde
3019:
3018:
3009:
3005:
3004:
2995:
2991:
2990:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2953:
2949:
2948:
2939:
2937:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
2935:
2934:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2883:
2881:José Maria Neves
2879:
2878:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2812:
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2798:
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2784:
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2779:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2701:
2625:
2624:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2516:Preceded by
2484:
2483:
2430:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2341:
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2315:
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2304:
2289:
2283:
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2267:
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2256:
2241:
2235:
2234:
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2230:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
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2162:
2156:
2155:
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2151:
2132:
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2121:
2107:
2101:
2100:
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2096:
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2073:
2071:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1976:Washington Times
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1950:Voice of America
1941:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1629:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1326:
1315:
1314:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1253:. Archived from
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1223:. Archived from
1217:
1211:
1203:
1027:Political crisis
853:
852:
848:
558:second civil war
527:military uniform
348:Military service
315:
311:
309:
297:Personal details
287:Riek Machar Teny
283:
273:
254:
232:
220:
201:
182:
170:
162:Riek Machar Teny
158:
147:
127:
98:
88:
53:
39:
38:
5207:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5120:
5107:
5106:
5093:
5092:
5079:
5078:
5065:
5064:
5051:
5050:
5037:
5036:
5023:
5022:
5009:
5008:
4997:
4984:
4983:
4970:
4969:
4956:
4955:
4942:
4941:
4928:
4927:
4914:
4913:
4900:
4899:
4886:
4885:
4872:
4871:
4858:
4857:
4844:
4843:
4830:
4829:
4818:
4805:
4804:
4791:
4790:
4777:
4776:
4763:
4762:
4749:
4748:
4735:
4734:
4720:
4719:
4706:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4678:
4677:
4672:Sylvanie Burton
4664:
4663:
4650:
4649:
4636:
4635:
4622:
4621:
4610:
4597:
4596:
4583:
4582:
4567:
4566:
4529:
4528:
4513:
4512:
4499:
4498:
4485:
4484:
4471:
4470:
4453:
4452:
4439:
4438:
4425:
4424:
4411:
4410:
4397:
4396:
4381:
4380:
4367:
4366:
4361:Jakov Milatović
4353:
4352:
4339:
4338:
4325:
4324:
4319:Gitanas NausÄ—da
4311:
4310:
4297:
4296:
4281:
4280:
4267:
4266:
4253:
4252:
4239:
4238:
4225:
4224:
4211:
4210:
4197:
4196:
4183:
4182:
4177:Emmanuel Macron
4169:
4168:
4163:Alexander Stubb
4155:
4154:
4141:
4140:
4127:
4126:
4113:
4112:
4107:Zoran Milanović
4099:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4071:Denis Bećirović
4063:
4062:
4049:
4048:
4035:
4034:
4021:
4020:
4007:
4006:
3993:
3992:
3977:
3976:
3965:
3959:Rashad al-Alimi
3951:
3950:
3936:
3935:
3922:
3921:
3908:
3907:
3894:
3893:
3878:
3877:
3872:Bashar al-Assad
3864:
3863:
3850:
3849:
3836:
3835:
3822:
3821:
3816:Bongbong Marcos
3808:
3807:
3792:
3791:
3778:
3777:
3764:
3763:
3750:
3749:
3743:Min Aung Hlaing
3735:
3734:
3721:
3720:
3707:
3706:
3692:
3691:
3678:
3677:
3664:
3663:
3650:
3649:
3636:
3635:
3622:
3621:
3608:
3607:
3594:
3593:
3580:
3579:
3566:
3565:
3552:
3551:
3538:
3537:
3526:
3513:
3512:
3499:
3498:
3493:Yoweri Museveni
3485:
3484:
3471:
3470:
3457:
3456:
3443:
3442:
3428:
3427:
3414:
3413:
3408:Cyril Ramaphosa
3400:
3399:
3386:
3385:
3370:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3342:
3341:
3328:
3327:
3314:
3313:
3298:
3297:
3284:
3283:
3270:
3269:
3255:
3254:
3241:
3240:
3227:
3226:
3213:
3212:
3199:
3198:
3184:
3183:
3170:
3169:
3164:Andry Rajoelina
3156:
3155:
3141:
3140:
3127:
3126:
3113:
3112:
3099:
3098:
3085:
3084:
3070:
3069:
3064:Nana Akufo-Addo
3056:
3055:
3042:
3041:
3027:
3026:
3013:
3012:
2999:
2998:
2985:
2984:
2971:
2970:
2957:
2956:
2943:
2942:
2929:
2928:
2923:Azali Assoumani
2915:
2914:
2901:
2900:
2887:
2886:
2873:
2872:
2859:
2858:
2845:
2844:
2830:
2829:
2816:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2788:
2787:
2774:
2773:
2762:
2757:
2727:
2722:
2710:
2702:
2689:
2666:
2620:
2614:
2609:
2569:
2554:
2545:
2529:
2521:
2511:
2502:
2454:Wayback Machine
2437:
2427:
2409:
2404:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2326:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2254:
2252:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2069:
2067:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2038:
2028:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1994:
1990:
1980:
1978:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1942:
1938:
1929:
1927:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1901:
1899:
1897:danielpipes.org
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1799:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1723:
1721:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1670:
1668:
1659:(9 June 2016).
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1455:
1451:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1355:
1351:
1341:
1339:
1338:. 2 August 2005
1328:
1327:
1318:
1307:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1283:. 1 August 2005
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1227:on 30 June 2019
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1176:
1144:
1139:
1111:
1105:
1089:
1067:According to a
1065:
1035:
1029:
968:
962:
854:
850:
846:
844:
843:
841:Foreign policy
817:
805:Ajonye Perpetua
785:
759:Throughout the
684:
682:Domestic policy
629:
623:
575:
548:joined an army
519:
499:
397:
392:
388:
374:
370:
342:
328:Political party
316:
313:
307:
305:
281:
271:
255:
250:
230:
218:
202:
197:
180:
168:
156:
150:
148:
143:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
106:James Wani Igga
104:
96:
90:
84:
79:
56:
44:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5205:
5195:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5104:
5090:
5076:
5062:
5048:
5034:
5020:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4992:Nicolás Maduro
4981:
4967:
4953:
4939:
4925:
4911:
4897:
4883:
4869:
4855:
4841:
4826:
4824:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4802:
4788:
4774:
4760:
4746:
4743:Xiomara Castro
4732:
4717:
4703:
4689:
4675:
4661:
4647:
4633:
4618:
4616:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4594:
4580:
4564:
4549:Ignazio Cassis
4526:
4510:
4496:
4482:
4468:
4450:
4447:Vladimir Putin
4436:
4433:Klaus Iohannis
4422:
4408:
4394:
4378:
4364:
4350:
4336:
4322:
4308:
4294:
4278:
4264:
4250:
4236:
4222:
4208:
4194:
4180:
4166:
4152:
4138:
4124:
4110:
4096:
4082:
4060:
4046:
4032:
4018:
4004:
3990:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3948:
3933:
3919:
3905:
3902:Emomali Rahmon
3891:
3875:
3861:
3847:
3833:
3819:
3805:
3789:
3775:
3761:
3747:
3732:
3718:
3715:Mohamed Muizzu
3704:
3689:
3675:
3661:
3647:
3633:
3619:
3605:
3591:
3588:Droupadi Murmu
3577:
3563:
3549:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3510:
3496:
3482:
3468:
3454:
3440:
3425:
3411:
3397:
3383:
3379:Muse Bihi Abdi
3367:
3353:
3339:
3325:
3311:
3295:
3281:
3267:
3252:
3249:Nangolo Mbumba
3238:
3224:
3210:
3196:
3181:
3167:
3153:
3138:
3124:
3110:
3096:
3082:
3067:
3053:
3039:
3024:
3010:
3007:Isaias Afwerki
2996:
2982:
2968:
2954:
2940:
2926:
2912:
2898:
2884:
2870:
2856:
2842:
2838:Ibrahim Traoré
2827:
2813:
2799:
2785:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2733:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2712:
2711:(2011–present)
2704:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2552:Ali Osman Taha
2550:
2547:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2504:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2461:
2444:
2436:
2435:External links
2433:
2432:
2431:
2425:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2362:
2336:
2324:Foreign Policy
2318:Lynch, Colum.
2310:
2284:
2262:
2236:
2213:
2187:
2157:
2127:
2102:
2076:
2047:
2036:
2014:
1988:
1962:
1936:
1909:
1880:
1858:
1832:
1807:
1781:
1755:
1730:
1707:
1696:. 24 July 2013
1678:
1648:
1619:
1593:
1571:
1548:
1526:
1504:
1482:
1468:
1449:
1423:
1395:
1393:, p. 104.
1383:
1376:
1370:. p. 66.
1349:
1316:
1294:
1268:
1238:
1212:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1175:
1172:
1168:George W. Bush
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1117:experienced a
1104:
1101:
1088:
1085:
1064:
1061:
1028:
1025:
1020:Bahr el Ghazal
1004:South Sudanese
980:South Kordofan
964:Main article:
961:
958:
874:Prime Minister
842:
839:
816:
813:
784:
781:
780:
779:
757:
737:
729:child soldiers
705:Taban Deng Gai
689:Deng Alor Kuol
683:
680:
636:Omar al-Bashir
622:
619:
611:Omar al-Bashir
574:
571:
556:(SPLM) in the
518:
515:
509:County, South
498:
495:
431:Southern Sudan
419:South Sudanese
406:
405:
402:
401:
383:
379:
378:
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
349:
345:
344:
339:
335:
334:
329:
325:
324:
303:
299:
298:
294:
293:
290:
289:
284:
278:
277:
274:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
247:
246:
244:Southern Sudan
239:
238:
236:Ali Osman Taha
233:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
212:Omar al-Bashir
209:
205:
204:
194:
193:
187:
186:
183:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
159:
157:Vice President
153:
152:
140:
139:
137:Southern Sudan
132:
131:
128:
122:
121:
110:Taban Deng Gai
99:
97:Vice President
93:
92:
86:Assumed office
81:
80:
73:
70:
69:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
46:
45:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5204:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5142:Living people
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5102:
5097:
5091:
5088:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5069:
5063:
5060:
5059:Wesley Simina
5055:
5049:
5046:
5041:
5035:
5032:
5031:Taneti Maamau
5027:
5021:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5000:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4965:
4964:Chan Santokhi
4960:
4954:
4951:
4950:Dina Boluarte
4946:
4940:
4937:
4936:Santiago Peña
4932:
4926:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4894:Gustavo Petro
4890:
4884:
4881:
4880:Gabriel Boric
4876:
4870:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:South America
4821:
4814:
4809:
4803:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4786:
4781:
4775:
4772:
4771:Daniel Ortega
4767:
4761:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4739:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4686:Luis Abinader
4682:
4676:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4626:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:North America
4613:
4606:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4508:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4451:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4434:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4376:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4285:
4279:
4276:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4229:
4223:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4181:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4164:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4079:Željko Komšić
4076:
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2426:9780199333400
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2375:The Nairobian
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2170:Radio Tamazuj
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2140:Radio Tamazuj
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2115:Sudan Tribune
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1889:Pipes, Daniel
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1816:"EAC History"
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1743:reliefweb.int
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1093:Radio Tamazuj
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966:Heglig Crisis
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798:army generals
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712:homosexuality
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5152:Dinka people
5073:David Adeang
4908:Daniel Noboa
4838:Javier Milei
4700:Nayib Bukele
4630:Sandra Mason
4574:
4553:Albert Rösti
4545:Guy Parmelin
4537:Viola Amherd
4522:Alan Gagloev
4520:
4405:Andrzej Duda
4388:
4290:Vjosa Osmani
4288:
4233:Tamás Sulyok
4043:Ilham Aliyev
4001:Bajram Begaj
3984:
3887:Lai Ching-te
3885:
3799:
3700:Najib Mikati
3644:Isaac Herzog
3616:Ali Khamenei
3421:
3377:
3307:Brahim Ghali
3305:
3235:Filipe Nyusi
3192:Assimi GoĂŻta
3121:William Ruto
3050:Adama Barrow
3035:Brice Oligui
2909:Mahamat DĂ©by
2717:
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1633:
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1596:
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1574:
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1551:
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1333:
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1280:
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1157:
1131:
1112:
1090:
1066:
1036:
1009:
969:
946:
943:
931:
919:Shimon Peres
905:
894:
887:Kiir at the
862:Barack Obama
835:
820:
818:
802:
791:surfaced in
786:
745:mass murders
709:
701:dictatorship
685:
659:
638:
604:
596:
576:
531:
500:
447:
414:
410:
409:
382:Battles/wars
282:Succeeded by
251:
231:Succeeded by
198:
181:Succeeded by
144:
85:
74:
55:Kiir in 2014
36:
31:
21:Bahr al-Arab
5137:1951 births
5045:Hilda Heine
4390:Ersin Tatar
4093:Rumen Radev
3772:Kim Jong Un
3602:Joko Widodo
3292:Paul Kagame
3278:Bola Tinubu
2519:John Garang
2509:Riek Machar
2407:Works cited
2303:20 February
2255:18 November
2229:17 November
2206:17 November
2070:12 November
1820:www.eac.int
1717:South Sudan
1657:Turse, Nick
1231:31 December
1160:White House
1142:Stetson hat
1127:Unity State
1115:South Sudan
1048:Riek Machar
1039:South Sudan
996:Addis Ababa
935:Riek Machar
764:disarmament
717:South Sudan
697:Riek Machar
662:South Sudan
546:John Garang
470:John Garang
443:John Garang
357:South Sudan
272:Preceded by
265:John Garang
224:John Garang
219:Preceded by
174:John Garang
169:Preceded by
126:Preceded by
102:Riek Machar
91:9 July 2011
5131:Categories
4922:Irfaan Ali
4347:Maia Sandu
4149:Alar Karis
4135:Petr Pavel
3560:Xi Jinping
3479:Kais Saied
2560:New office
2546:2005–2011
2530:2005–2011
2493:New office
2180:15 October
2150:15 October
2029:21 January
2007:31 January
1981:16 October
1955:15 October
1930:15 October
1902:21 January
1873:21 January
1851:6 December
1748:19 January
1700:19 January
1586:21 January
1442:26 January
1416:26 January
1342:26 January
1194:References
1107:See also:
1083:agencies.
1031:See also:
950:government
749:figurehead
621:Presidency
497:Early life
415:Salva Kiir
353:Allegiance
308:1951-09-13
4852:Luis Arce
4813:Joe Biden
4561:Beat Jans
2867:Paul Biya
2672:2005–2011
2629:1972–1983
2574:Incumbent
1564:18 August
1541:25 August
1519:25 August
1497:25 August
1261:4 January
1073:WikiLeaks
954:sanctions
927:Jerusalem
770:, severe
731:attacked
427:President
338:Spouse(s)
261:President
252:In office
208:President
199:In office
145:In office
76:Incumbent
2647:Gatkuoth
2450:Archived
2391:cite web
2381:21 April
2355:16 April
1924:archived
1436:BBC News
1360:(2003).
1335:BBC News
1077:Egyptian
772:beatings
756:justice.
725:Lou Nuer
482:autonomy
363:Commands
5002:Oceania
2662:Tombura
2329:11 July
2277:6 March
2120:20 June
2089:Reuters
1800:23 July
1794:cpj.org
1774:23 July
1671:15 July
1641:16 July
1409:Reuters
1281:UN News
1164:stetson
1123:drought
976:Panthou
923:embassy
908:visited
761:Jonglei
753:mandate
639:(right)
534:Anyanya
507:Gogrial
454:Anyanya
417:, is a
4559:, and
4077:, and
3970:Europe
3944:Tô Lâm
2767:Africa
2680:Garang
2657:Rassas
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1612:2 June
1374:
1119:famine
1007:them.
972:Heglig
911:Israel
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727:armed
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733:Murle
676:Sudan
615:Sudan
511:Sudan
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2685:Kiir
2642:Lagu
2421:ISBN
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2357:2014
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2072:2015
2031:2014
2009:2019
1983:2015
1957:2015
1932:2015
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1263:2021
1233:2018
1184:SPLA
1097:Juba
1079:and
1043:SPLM
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