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them." Earlier in 2015, five journalists by the names of Musa
Mohamed (the director of the state-run radio station Raja FM), Adam Juma (reporter and presenter for Raja FM), Dalia Marko and Randa George (reporters for Raja FM), and Boutros Martin (a cameraman for the Western Bahr el Ghazal of South Sudan Television) had been murdered while traveling as part of a convoy, along with six other people. Tom Rhodes of the
1136:. International humanitarian advocates stated the famine was manmade and pointed to the country's ongoing conflict for creating the famine conditions. More than 3 million people had been displaced by ongoing violence across the country, forcing families to abandon agricultural land and livestock, leaving them with few food resources to survive with. The worst fighting was in
1106:, however, Kiir's shares are not held directly but may be concealed in the name of a close associate. Ties between Kiir and the company were denied by Kiir's spokesman Ateny Wek. The company was awarded at least $ 161 million in government roads contracts. The president's wife previously held shares in Yanyyom Mineral Water and Beverage Factory located in
524:, as the eighth of nine children (six boys and three girls) in the family. His father, Kuethpiny Thiik Atem (d. 2007), was a cattle herder who belonged to Payum clan. Atem had three wives, Awiei Rou Wol, Adut Makuei Piol and Awien Akoon Deng, along with 16 children. Kiir's mother, Awiei Rou Wol Tong was a farmer, who belonged to the Payii clan.
822:. Kiir had announced that he would no longer tolerate criticism by members of his cabinet. In July, Kiir sacked his entire cabinet, leading experts to warn of upcoming "a full-blown catastrophe". In December 2013, Kiir accused his vice President and other Party members of plotting a coup, leading him to arrest those politicians.
746:
communities. According to investigations carried out by the UN, 800 people from both ethnic groups were killed between
December 2011 and February 2012, while women and children were abducted and property was looted and destroyed. Unbeknownst to large numbers of or the entire child soldier population,
838:
after being shot twice from behind. His murder was committed three days after Kiir publicly and officially threatened journalists, stating that "freedom of the press does not mean that you work against your country. If anybody does not know that this country will kill people, we will demonstrate on
1017:
oil to the world market. In addition, the agreements include an understanding of the parameters to follow in regards to demarcating their border, an economic cooperation agreement and a deal to protect each other's citizens. Certain issues remain unsolved and future talks are scheduled to resolve
675:
became an independent state, with Kiir as its first president. Kiir positioned himself as a reformer, using his inaugural address to call for the South
Sudanese people "to forgive though we shall not forget" injustices imposed at the hands of the northern Sudanese over the preceding decades and
847:
In
December 2022, Kiir lost control of his bladder and involuntarily urinated into his clothing during a road opening ceremony. Six staff of the South Sudan Broadcasting Corporation were subsequently arrested on 7 January 2023 in relation to video of the urination, which was widely distributed
843:
stated after the murders that "The murder of five journalists is a devastating attack on South Sudan's already beleaguered press corps," and that "We urge
Western Bahr el Ghazal authorities to do their utmost to identify the perpetrators and bring them to justice, and to ensure journalists are
806:
in late 2012, Kiir began reorganizing the senior leadership of his government, party and military on an unprecedented scale. In
January 2013, he replaced the inspector general of the national police service with a lieutenant from the army, and dismissed six deputy chiefs of staff and 29 major
1061:
in
December 2013 in the lead-up to a meeting of the National Liberation Council (NLC) of the ruling SPLM party. After two days of NLC meetings, on the night of 15 December 2013 shooting erupted within Salva Kiir's Presidential Guards. The next day, Kiir denounced Machar and other senior SPLM
620:. Although the vote on both the national and sub-national level was criticized by democratic activists and international observers, the overwhelming margin of Kiir's re-election was noted by some media as being "Step One" in the process of secession. Following his re-election,
612:
were expected to further strain political tensions. Reports in
January 2010 that Kiir would not contest April elections for Sudanese president, but would focus on re-election as president of Southern Sudan were interpreted to mean that the SPLM priority was independence.
495:
under the leadership of Garang in July 2005. Following Garang's death at the end of the month, Kiir became the new
President of the Southern Autonomous region, as well as First Vice President of the central government. Kiir won re-election as President following the
958:
Relations between Kiir's government and some erstwhile supporters deteriorated since the start of the civil war. He disclosed in an op-ed published in his name in the
Washington Times in October 2015 that unnamed "international partners in peace" had threatened his
1143:
Days after the declaration of famine, the government raised the price of a business visa from $ 100 to $ 10,000, mostly aimed at aid workers, citing a need to increase government revenue. U.N. officials said that Kiir was blocking food deliveries to some areas.
697:
On 18 June 2013, Kiir issued an order lifting the immunity of two ministers in the national government pending investigations into an alleged corruption case in which they appeared to be implicated. He also issued an order suspending Cabinet Affairs Minister
680:
carried out by armed personnel would be considered criminal acts and prosecuted aggressively by the Ministry of Justice. His presidency was characterized as a period of reconstruction, albeit one marred by internal and foreign disputes. Among these were the
579:
was captured by the SPLA. Kiir eventually rose to head the SPLA, the SPLM's military wing, when Dr. John Garang was killed in a helicopter crash. Rumours to remove Kiir from his post as SPLA Chief of Staff in 2004 nearly caused the organization to split.
1056:
party and warned of widespread consequences if party doesn't fix its growing autocratic policies. Duop also predicted negative results the young nation would face if a civil war break out. Tensions rose between Kiir and his former vice president
1197:. Allegedly, a traditional Dinka ceremony was conducted by his brothers. This led to strife between Kiir's eldest daughter and Aluel William Nyuon Bany. Kiir has not publicly commented on the allegation. According to media reports in
766:
to investigate those responsible for the mass murders and murders, but as of January 2013 no finances had been allocated to the "Investigation Committee" or any of its members sworn in to commence the investigation and bring those to
1110:. The factory took its name from Lake Yanyyom, located near the president's hometown Akon in Warrap State. Another owner of the factory was Garang Deng Aguer, a business magnate and former Governor of Northern Bahr el Ghazal State.
1033:
state, killing at least eight people and injuring an equal number. South Sudan treated the attack as a gross violation of the cooperation agreement the two country's leaders signed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 27 September.
676:
announce a general amnesty for South Sudanese groups that had warred against the SPLM in the past. A few weeks later, he publicly addressed members of the military and police to warn them that rape, torture, and other
747:
Kiir planned and had decided to agree to warlike stipends from the Obama administration beginning in 2012, regardless of an American law prohibiting aid to nations utilizing child soldiers created and passed in 2008.
725:
is not in the "character" of Southern Sudanese people. "It is not even something that anybody can talk about here in southern Sudan in particular. It is not there and if anybody wants to import or to export it to
754:, arrest and prosecution of the individuals who carried out the violence against civilians of both the Nuer and Murle ethnic groups is widely believed to have contributed massively to, if not categorically, the
596:
in January 2005, Garang was sworn in as the Vice President of the Republic of Sudan. After the death of John Garang De in a helicopter crash on 30 July 2005, Kiir was chosen to succeed to the post of First
943:
After the outbreak of the South Sudanese civil war, Salva Kiir delivered a speech in January 2014 lashing out at the United Nations and "so-called humanitarian organizations", accusing them of supporting
955:
In March 2014, Kiir's government organized a rally accusing the United Nations of colluding with anti-government forces. Protesters carried signs accusing the UN of arming anti-government forces.
61:
2146:
571:. Garang De Mabior had advanced military knowledge and experience from both the United States and Sudan, and Kiir served as his deputy. In 1997, Kiir commanded the SPLA troops that took part in
879:
730:, it will not get the support and it will always be condemned by everybody," he said. He then went on to refer to homosexuality as a "mental disease" and a "bastion of Western immorality".
811:
but this was viewed as troublesome in regards to a power grab by others. Kiir had also suggested that his rivals were trying to revive the rifts that had provoked infighting in the 1990s.
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allowed to carry out their duties safely." At present, none of the parties responsible for ordering the murders or perpetrators of the crimes have been arrested, charged, or convicted.
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South Sudanese voted overwhelmingly in favor of their independence from Sudan in January 2011, with 98.83% of voters reportedly preferring to split from the North. On 9 July 2011,
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of sheltering his enemies on their bases adding, "There is a problem with the international community, and it is something that people will have to thrash out with them."
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Comments by Kiir in October 2009 that the forthcoming independence referendum was a choice between being "a second class in your own country" or "a free person in your
1052:
News Agency website. The article was authored by a South Sudanese analyst and critical writer by the name Duop Chak Wuol. In his writings, Duop criticized the ruling
1102:
Kiir is reported to be the part-owner of ABMC Thai-South Sudan Construction Company Limited. With Garang Deng Aguer and Benjamin Bol Mel According to a report by
2066:
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in June 2015, the Saudi Arabian embassy in Khartoum had previously alerted the Saudi Arabian government of an assassination plot against Kiir by members of the
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2008:
777:"Operation Restore Peace" which began in March 2012 and continued throughout the year, soldiers were ordered to and assumed the responsibility of
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and President of Southern Sudan. Before independence, Kiir was popular among the military wing of the SPLA/M for his loyalty to the vision of the
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officials for staging a failed coup against his government, a claim later denied by Machar and others. These events marked the start of the
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from their duties during the entire duration of the probe. In July 2013, Kiir sacked his entire cabinet, including his vice president,
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throughout the liberation struggle and among those who do not trust the successive governments that have come and gone in the Sudan.
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In a politically charged social issue, it has been claimed that Kiir secretly married the daughter of former comrade, the late
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1066:. About 400,000 people were estimated to have been killed in the war by April 2018, including notable atrocities such as the
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1181:. He reportedly liked it so much that he purchased several. He now rarely makes public appearances without wearing one.
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to be "at the center of our hearts" due to its members' support of South Sudan during the Sudanese civil wars.
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online. The last of the journalists was eventually released on the 18th of March 2023 without charge.
1801:"Five journalists killed when gunmen ambush convoy in South Sudan – Committee to Protect Journalists"
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1009:, Ethiopia, which led the way to resume important oil exports and create a 10-kilometre (6 mi)
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1750:"Final report of the African Union Commission of Inquiry on South Sudan – South Sudan | ReliefWeb"
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along their border. The agreements allow for the return of 56,000,000 litres (350,000 barrels) of
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710:, ostensibly to reduce the size of government. However, Machar said that it was a step towards
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1672:"Hillary Clinton's State Department Gave South Sudan's Military a Pass for Its Child Soldiers"
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following several years of instability in the country's food supply caused by civil war and
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1524:"South Sudan: Salva Kiir Calls for Forgiveness As South now South Sudan Gains Independence"
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2122:"Egyptian intelligence coordinated with Khartoum to assassinate South Sudan's Kiir: cable"
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South Sudan President Salva Kiir told UN of acting like a parallel government JAN 20,2014
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2147:"Special investigation: President Kiir linked to multi-million dollar roads contracts"
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2034:"South Sudan: Juba to File Complaint to UN Security Council Over Khartoum Aggression"
1382:
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758:, as well as the continued perpetration of the ethnic violence. Kiir established a
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834:, was found murdered late on the night of 19 August 2015 in a residential area of
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In mid-October 2011, Kiir announced South Sudan had applied for accession to the
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689:, and an internal political crisis in which attempts were made to overthrow him.
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name. According to Dinka custom, this person is properly addressed by the name
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On 26 March 2012, the South Sudanese army attacked the oilfield in the town of
715:
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656:, watches a ceremony celebrating the founding of South Sudan with Kiir in 2011.
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he had been sent to put down, Kiir and other Southern leaders joined the rebel
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Moi Peter Julius, who was a political reporter for a South Sudanese newspaper
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1776:"South Sudan reporter killed in apparent targeted attack – Global Journalist"
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Profile: Salva Kiir – South Sudan's Commander-in-chief – image vs reality
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since its independence on 9 July 2011. Prior to independence, he was the
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1025:(UNSC) against Sudan in the wake of aerial bombings carried out by the
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and that he would challenge Kiir for the presidency. He also dismissed
1232:""Our family life is private" Kiir's in-law says – Entertainment News"
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generals in the army. In February 2013 Kiir retired an additional 117
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1983:"South Sudan: the world's youngest nation strives to build democracy"
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On 25 November 2012, South Sudan launched a formal complaint to the
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1569:"Salva Kiir Warns Armed South Sudan Forces Over Human Rights Abuse"
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2096:"Study estimates 190,000 people killed in South Sudan's civil war"
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1488:"Salva Kiir and Ali Osman appointed deputies of Sudan's President"
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family in the village of Akon in the Awan-Chan Dinka community in
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1852:"South Sudan readies for EAC membership which was later rejected"
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1220:, Kenyan police arrest S. Sudan president's son over drunkenness
500:. The following year, South Sudan gained independence after the
487:(SPLA), eventually becoming the head of the SPLA. Following the
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2177:"Special investigation: Kiir did business with ex-NCP governor"
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2388:. Standard Media. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014
2304:"Famine declared in part of South Sudan by government and UN"
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Clooney & Prendergast, George & John (9 March 2017).
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2009:"Negotiating Peace in the Sudans: The Addis Ababa Agreement"
448:, from 2005 to 2011. He was named Commander-in-Chief of the
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2234:"South Sudan famine results from failure of political will"
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575:, a very successful rebel offensive during which most of
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2067:"It wasn't a coup: Salva Kiir shot himself in the foot"
1701:"South Sudan president sacks cabinet in power struggle"
989:), located between the border of the Sudanese state of
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A lack of accountability and justice pertaining to the
2452:
Salva Kiir Speaks at the International Peace Institute
1502:"Over 99 Percent in Southern Sudan Vote for Secession"
1443:"Sudan would accept separation, says President Bashir"
1415:"S. Sudan president makes first call for independence"
2282:"South Sudan hikes visa cost to $ 10,000 amid famine"
467:
rebels fighting for Southern independence during the
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1807:. Committee to Protect Journalists. 27 January 2015
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970:
814:On 7 May 2013 Kiir dismissed legal advisor Justice
2006:
1470:"Bashir Wins Election as Sudan Edges Toward Split"
928:from 1956 to 1972, and met with Israeli president
2055:The SPLM and the Rise of Autocracy in South Sudan
1719:
1591:"South Sudan gripped by power struggles – Africa"
1546:"Salva Kiir takes oath, grants amnesty to rebels"
1288:"Sudan: UN mourns death of Vice-President Garang"
471:in the late 1960s. Following the outbreak of the
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2469:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
2406:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2382:""Our family life is private" Kiirs in-law says"
1690:
1322:"Salva Kiir Mayardit: The Joshua of South Sudan"
624:reappointed Kiir as the First Vice President of
616:Kiir was re-elected with 93% of the vote in the
1854:. Busiweek.com. 17 October 2011. Archived from
985:(known also to the Dinka of the Unity state as
762:"Investigation Committee" with an ostentatious
5173:Sudan People's Liberation Movement politicians
1957:"South Sudan Peace Protesters Rail Against UN"
1613:"South Sudan President Condemns Homosexuality"
1048:In September 2013, an article appeared on the
1005:Omar al-Bashir and signed eight agreements in
555:, he was a low-ranking officer. In 1983, when
2755:
2621:
2607:
2423:
1980:
1401:
1319:
628:in accordance with the interim constitution.
2427:South Sudan: From Revolution to Independence
1480:
2356:"Battles rock Salva Kiir family in Nairobi"
2274:
2007:Affa'a-Mindzie, Mireille (9 October 2012).
1773:
1201:, "Kiir's in-laws" have requested privacy.
785:, binding people with rope, and torture to
721:Kiir told Radio Netherlands Worldwide that
666:2011 South Sudanese independence referendum
502:2011 South Sudanese independence referendum
2762:
2748:
2614:
2600:
2458:Kiir's Speech on First Visit to Washington
2424:LeRiche, Matthew; Arnold, Matthew (2013).
1955:Rwakaringi, Mugume Davis (14 March 2014).
1954:
1193:, an ethnic Nuer and former leader of the
583:
60:
30:"Kiir" redirects here. For the river, see
5193:SPLM/SPLA Political-Military High Command
2231:
1467:
1029:(SAF) in parts of South Sudan's northern
793:
2331:"Where did Kiir get his ten-gallon hat?"
2306:. WHIO. 20 February 2017. Archived from
1981:Kiir Mayardit, Salva (11 October 2015).
1678:. New Nation, Long War. First Look Media
1156:
948:to try to overthrow him. He accused the
893:
878:
866:
659:
641:
531:
424:(born 13 September 1951), also known as
5188:21st-century South Sudanese politicians
5112:Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
1615:. African Activist News. Archived from
1367:
1258:"Biography of H.E. Salva Kiir Mayardit"
1184:
924:to thank it for its support during the
504:with Kiir as its inaugural President.
452:(SPLA) in 2005, following the death of
14:
5198:People of the South Sudanese Civil War
5140:
2208:"South Sudan's government-made famine"
1774:Raskauskite, Zivile (26 August 2015).
1731:, International Crisis Group, May 2013
1124:In the early months of 2017, parts of
527:
512:Kiir was born in 1951 into a pastoral
2743:
2595:
2254:
1937:from the original on 21 December 2021
1666:
1648:. Human Rights Watch. 10 January 2013
1638:
1636:
1634:
1374:The Root Causes of Sudan's Civil Wars
1335:
1333:
1331:
1113:
1097:
1073:
789:regarding the whereabouts of weapons.
267:9 July 2005 – 11 August 2005
214:11 August 2005 – 9 July 2011
162:Acting: 30 July 2005 – 11 August 2005
2232:MacSorley, Dominic (24 March 2017).
1567:Wadu, Waakhe Simon (1 August 2011).
1566:
1468:Gettleman, Jeffrey (26 April 2010).
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
498:2010 South Sudanese general election
2771:Current heads of state of republics
2430:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1605:
1037:
543:In the late 1960s, Kiir joined the
483:as a member of its armed wing, the
379:South Sudan People's Defence Forces
160:30 July 2005 – 9 July 2011
27:President of South Sudan since 2011
24:
5203:Recipients of the Collar of Honour
2073:, 20 December 2013, archived from
1631:
1328:
1320:WĂ«l, PaanLuel (24 February 2016).
875:in Washington, D.C., 5 August 2014
851:
692:
565:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
477:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
383:South Sudan People's Defence Force
343:Sudan People's Liberation Movement
25:
5214:
4739:Transitional Presidential Council
2445:
2328:
2036:. allAfrica.com. 25 November 2012
1898:
1880:. Alarabiya.net. 20 December 2011
1306:
826:Murder and torture of journalists
685:, which caused a border war with
485:Sudanese People's Liberation Army
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5105:
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3483:
3469:
3455:
3447:Transitional Sovereignty Council
3440:
3426:
3412:
3398:
3382:
3368:
3354:
3340:
3326:
3310:
3296:
3282:
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2899:
2885:
2871:
2857:
2842:
2828:
2814:
2800:
2786:
2708:
2630:Southern Sudan Autonomous Region
2510:Vice President of Southern Sudan
2257:"Famine declared in South Sudan"
1904:"South Sudan, Israel's New Ally"
1147:
993:and the South Sudanese state of
971:Heglig crisis and war with Sudan
841:Committee to Protect Journalists
2479:United Nations General Assembly
2475:Address by President Salva Kiir
2374:
2348:
2322:
2296:
2248:
2225:
2199:
2169:
2139:
2114:
2088:
2048:
2026:
2000:
1974:
1948:
1921:
1892:
1870:
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1819:
1793:
1767:
1742:
1660:
1583:
1560:
1538:
1516:
1494:
1461:
1435:
1023:United Nations Security Council
5168:South Sudanese Roman Catholics
2417:
2255:Quinn, B. (20 February 2017).
2183:. 24 June 2015. Archived from
2153:. 16 June 2015. Archived from
1645:World Report 2013: South Sudan
1407:
1361:
1280:
1250:
1224:
1210:
1177:as a gift from U.S. President
1152:
1044:Ethnic violence in South Sudan
450:Sudan People's Liberation Army
13:
1:
3004:Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
2553:First Vice President of Sudan
1490:. Sudan Tribune. 29 May 2010.
1204:
798:After rumors about a planned
631:
590:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
588:Following the signing of the
507:
489:Comprehensive Peace Agreement
475:in 1983, Kiir joined the new
446:First Vice President of Sudan
202:First Vice President of Sudan
2481:, 23 September 2011 (video;
1548:. Sudan Tribune. 9 July 2011
1001:. On 27 September, Kiir met
818:and deputy Foreign Minister
718:as Governor of Unity State.
618:2010 South Sudanese election
432:politician who has been the
7:
4768:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
4386:Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
2537:President of Southern Sudan
2477:to the 66th session of the
1504:. FOX News. 30 January 2011
1402:LeRiche & Arnold (2013)
1169:In 2006, when visiting the
932:to discuss establishing an
902:in Sochi on 24 October 2019
638:Human rights in South Sudan
10:
5219:
5158:People from Warrap (state)
1117:
1041:
974:
917:On 20 December 2011, Kiir
635:
551:. By the time of the 1972
479:(SPLM) rebel group led by
377:Commander-in-Chief of the
129:Rebecca Nyandeng De Mabior
36:
29:
5178:Presidents of South Sudan
5012:
4877:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
4833:
4625:
4568:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
3980:
3541:
2906:Faustin-Archange Touadéra
2777:
2717:
2706:
2681:
2638:
2629:
2623:Presidents of South Sudan
2583:
2574:
2569:
2559:
2550:
2534:
2526:
2516:
2507:
2502:
2497:
900:Russia–Africa Summit 2019
473:Second Sudanese Civil War
415:
401:Second Sudanese Civil War
392:
373:
363:
358:
348:
338:
312:
307:
303:
291:
281:
271:
260:
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207:
200:
190:
178:
166:
153:
145:
135:
106:
94:
83:
75:
71:
59:
52:
5183:Vice presidents of Sudan
4230:Katerina Sakellaropoulou
4040:Alexander Van der Bellen
2577:President of South Sudan
1878:"Al Arabiya, 12/20/2011"
1379:Indiana University Press
1173:, Kiir received a black
1163:President George W. Bush
1161:Kiir with United States
1080:Saudi Arabian diplomatic
1064:South Sudanese Civil War
926:First Sudanese Civil War
734:In December 2011, 6,000
549:First Sudanese Civil War
469:First Sudanese Civil War
463:ethnic group and joined
434:President of South Sudan
410:South Sudanese Civil War
397:First Sudanese Civil War
354:Aluel William Nyuon Bany
78:President of South Sudan
37:This article contains a
4430:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
4216:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2719:Republic of South Sudan
2284:. Alaraby. 5 March 2017
1120:2017 South Sudan famine
871:Kiir with US President
678:human rights violations
599:Vice President of Sudan
584:South Sudanese politics
536:Salva Kiir Mayardit in
3841:Tharman Shanmugaratnam
3218:Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
2632:(1972–1983; 2005–2011)
2483:summary and transcript
2362:. Standard Media Group
2013:IPI Global Observatory
1166:
912:East African Community
908:East African Community
903:
891:
876:
794:Consolidation of power
779:extrajudicial killings
668:
657:
540:
4655:Rodrigo Chaves Robles
4344:Myriam Spiteri Debono
4132:Nikos Christodoulides
3927:Serdar Berdimuhamedow
3740:Ukhnaagiin KhĂĽrelsĂĽkh
3669:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
3405:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
3347:Bassirou Diomaye Faye
3274:Abdourahamane Tchiani
3232:Prithvirajsing Roopun
2864:Évariste Ndayishimiye
1341:"Profile: Salva Kiir"
1262:www.presidency.gov.ss
1160:
1092:Sudanese intelligence
897:
882:
870:
787:extract "information"
702:and Finance Minister
663:
645:
636:Further information:
573:Operation Thunderbolt
553:Addis Ababa Agreement
535:
459:Kiir was born to the
440:of the Government of
406:Operation Thunderbolt
4602:Recep Tayyip ErdoÄźan
4202:Salome Zourabichvili
4068:Alexander Lukashenko
3869:Ranil Wickremesinghe
3557:Mohammed Shahabuddin
3104:Umaro Sissoco EmbalĂł
2990:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
2962:Denis Sassou Nguesso
2793:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
2463:16 July 2011 at the
1593:. Al Jazeera English
1185:Marriage controversy
1068:2014 Bentiu massacre
592:formally ending the
333:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
287:Position established
141:Position established
5126:Nikenike Vurobaravu
5098:Surangel Whipps Jr.
4616:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
4552:Karin Keller-Sutter
4026:Vahagn Khachaturyan
3697:Thongloun Sisoulith
3462:Samia Suluhu Hassan
3433:Salva Kiir Mayardit
2976:IsmaĂŻl Omar Guelleh
2545:Position abolished
2454:, 22 September 2010
2310:on 21 February 2017
2212:The Washington Post
2102:. 26 September 2018
1619:on 3 September 2011
1369:Johnson, Douglas H.
820:Elias Nyamlell Wako
664:Kiir voting in the
528:Sudanese civil wars
491:, the South gained
422:Salva Kiir Mayardit
54:Salva Kiir Mayardit
5028:Wiliame Katonivere
4810:Christine Kangaloo
4587:Vadim Krasnoselsky
4272:Michael D. Higgins
3941:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
3769:Ram Chandra Poudel
3641:Abdul Latif Rashid
3532:Emmerson Mnangagwa
3518:Hakainde Hichilema
2498:Political offices
2187:on 31 January 2016
2157:on 12 January 2016
2077:on 12 October 2017
2071:South Sudan nation
1858:on 21 October 2011
1474:The New York Times
1191:William Nyuon Bany
1167:
1165:, 15 November 2007
1114:South Sudan famine
1098:Business interests
1082:cable released by
1074:Assassination plot
1027:Sudan Armed Forces
1011:demilitarized zone
1003:Sudanese President
910:. He declared the
904:
892:
877:
669:
658:
654:President of Sudan
610:independent state"
541:
404: •
352:Mary Ayen Mayardit
253:Vice President of
196:Position abolished
5135:
5134:
4669:Miguel DĂaz-Canel
4518:Nataša Pirc Musar
4286:Sergio Mattarella
4258:Halla TĂłmasdĂłttir
4086:Željka Cvijanović
3118:Alassane Ouattara
2835:Mokgweetsi Masisi
2737:
2736:
2704:
2703:
2590:
2589:
2560:Succeeded by
2517:Succeeded by
2491:, 13 October 2014
2471:, 4 November 2005
2236:. The Irish Times
1780:Global Journalist
1449:. 19 January 2010
1423:. 31 October 2009
1268:on 11 August 2021
997:, triggering the
890:, 30 October 2016
883:Kiir with Indian
704:Kosti Manibe Ngai
577:Western Equatoria
547:battalion in the
419:
418:
387:Anyanya Battalion
323:13 September 1951
125:Hussein Abdelbagi
16:(Redirected from
5210:
5128:
5124:
5123:
5114:
5110:
5109:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5086:
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5054:
5053:
5044:
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5026:
5025:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4991:
4989:Luis Lacalle Pou
4987:
4986:
4977:
4973:
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4959:
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4949:
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4851:
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4826:
4822:
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4812:
4808:
4807:
4798:
4796:José Raúl Mulino
4794:
4793:
4784:
4780:
4779:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4756:
4752:
4751:
4742:
4737:
4736:
4727:
4725:Bernardo Arévalo
4723:
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4709:
4708:
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4695:
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4506:
4504:Peter Pellegrini
4502:
4501:
4492:
4490:Aleksandar Vučić
4488:
4487:
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4476:Milena Gasperoni
4472:Alessandro Rossi
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4316:Edgars Rinkēvičs
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3808:
3799:
3797:Asif Ali Zardari
3795:
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3629:
3625:
3624:
3615:
3611:
3610:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3587:
3585:José Ramos-Horta
3583:
3582:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3520:
3516:
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3506:
3502:
3501:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3478:
3476:Faure Gnassingbé
3474:
3473:
3464:
3460:
3459:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3377:
3375:Julius Maada Bio
3373:
3372:
3363:
3361:Wavel Ramkalawan
3359:
3358:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3335:
3333:Carlos Vila Nova
3331:
3330:
3321:
3315:
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3305:
3301:
3300:
3291:
3287:
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3277:
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3257:
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3244:
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3234:
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3220:
3216:
3215:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3191:
3189:Lazarus Chakwera
3187:
3186:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3163:
3160:Mohamed al-Menfi
3158:
3157:
3148:
3144:
3143:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3092:
3089:Mamady Doumbouya
3087:
3086:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3049:
3044:
3043:
3034:
3032:Sahle-Work Zewde
3030:
3029:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2950:
2948:FĂ©lix Tshisekedi
2946:
2945:
2936:
2932:
2931:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2894:
2892:José Maria Neves
2890:
2889:
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2750:
2741:
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2636:
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2616:
2609:
2602:
2593:
2592:
2527:Preceded by
2495:
2494:
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2411:
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2397:
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2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1987:Washington Times
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1961:Voice of America
1952:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1697:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1640:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1337:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1264:. Archived from
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1234:. Archived from
1228:
1222:
1214:
1038:Political crisis
864:
863:
859:
569:second civil war
538:military uniform
359:Military service
326:
322:
320:
308:Personal details
298:Riek Machar Teny
294:
284:
265:
243:
231:
212:
193:
181:
173:Riek Machar Teny
169:
158:
138:
109:
99:
64:
50:
49:
21:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5207:
5138:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5118:
5117:
5104:
5103:
5090:
5089:
5076:
5075:
5062:
5061:
5048:
5047:
5034:
5033:
5020:
5019:
5008:
4995:
4994:
4981:
4980:
4967:
4966:
4953:
4952:
4939:
4938:
4925:
4924:
4911:
4910:
4897:
4896:
4883:
4882:
4869:
4868:
4855:
4854:
4841:
4840:
4829:
4816:
4815:
4802:
4801:
4788:
4787:
4774:
4773:
4760:
4759:
4746:
4745:
4731:
4730:
4717:
4716:
4703:
4702:
4689:
4688:
4683:Sylvanie Burton
4675:
4674:
4661:
4660:
4647:
4646:
4633:
4632:
4621:
4608:
4607:
4594:
4593:
4578:
4577:
4540:
4539:
4524:
4523:
4510:
4509:
4496:
4495:
4482:
4481:
4464:
4463:
4450:
4449:
4436:
4435:
4422:
4421:
4408:
4407:
4392:
4391:
4378:
4377:
4372:Jakov Milatović
4364:
4363:
4350:
4349:
4336:
4335:
4330:Gitanas NausÄ—da
4322:
4321:
4308:
4307:
4292:
4291:
4278:
4277:
4264:
4263:
4250:
4249:
4236:
4235:
4222:
4221:
4208:
4207:
4194:
4193:
4188:Emmanuel Macron
4180:
4179:
4174:Alexander Stubb
4166:
4165:
4152:
4151:
4138:
4137:
4124:
4123:
4118:Zoran Milanović
4110:
4109:
4096:
4095:
4082:Denis Bećirović
4074:
4073:
4060:
4059:
4046:
4045:
4032:
4031:
4018:
4017:
4004:
4003:
3988:
3987:
3976:
3970:Rashad al-Alimi
3962:
3961:
3947:
3946:
3933:
3932:
3919:
3918:
3905:
3904:
3889:
3888:
3883:Bashar al-Assad
3875:
3874:
3861:
3860:
3847:
3846:
3833:
3832:
3827:Bongbong Marcos
3819:
3818:
3803:
3802:
3789:
3788:
3775:
3774:
3761:
3760:
3754:Min Aung Hlaing
3746:
3745:
3732:
3731:
3718:
3717:
3703:
3702:
3689:
3688:
3675:
3674:
3661:
3660:
3647:
3646:
3633:
3632:
3619:
3618:
3605:
3604:
3591:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3563:
3562:
3549:
3548:
3537:
3524:
3523:
3510:
3509:
3504:Yoweri Museveni
3496:
3495:
3482:
3481:
3468:
3467:
3454:
3453:
3439:
3438:
3425:
3424:
3419:Cyril Ramaphosa
3411:
3410:
3397:
3396:
3381:
3380:
3367:
3366:
3353:
3352:
3339:
3338:
3325:
3324:
3309:
3308:
3295:
3294:
3281:
3280:
3266:
3265:
3252:
3251:
3238:
3237:
3224:
3223:
3210:
3209:
3195:
3194:
3181:
3180:
3175:Andry Rajoelina
3167:
3166:
3152:
3151:
3138:
3137:
3124:
3123:
3110:
3109:
3096:
3095:
3081:
3080:
3075:Nana Akufo-Addo
3067:
3066:
3053:
3052:
3038:
3037:
3024:
3023:
3010:
3009:
2996:
2995:
2982:
2981:
2968:
2967:
2954:
2953:
2940:
2939:
2934:Azali Assoumani
2926:
2925:
2912:
2911:
2898:
2897:
2884:
2883:
2870:
2869:
2856:
2855:
2841:
2840:
2827:
2826:
2813:
2812:
2799:
2798:
2785:
2784:
2773:
2768:
2738:
2733:
2721:
2713:
2700:
2677:
2631:
2625:
2620:
2580:
2565:
2556:
2540:
2532:
2522:
2513:
2465:Wayback Machine
2448:
2438:
2420:
2415:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2365:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2327:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2160:
2158:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2005:
2001:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1963:
1953:
1949:
1940:
1938:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1912:
1910:
1908:danielpipes.org
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1670:(9 June 2016).
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1642:
1641:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1366:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1349:. 2 August 2005
1339:
1338:
1329:
1318:
1307:
1297:
1295:
1294:. 1 August 2005
1286:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1238:on 30 June 2019
1230:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1187:
1155:
1150:
1122:
1116:
1100:
1078:According to a
1076:
1046:
1040:
979:
973:
865:
861:
857:
855:
854:
852:Foreign policy
828:
816:Ajonye Perpetua
796:
770:Throughout the
695:
693:Domestic policy
640:
634:
586:
559:joined an army
530:
510:
408:
403:
399:
385:
381:
353:
339:Political party
327:
324:
318:
316:
292:
282:
266:
261:
241:
229:
213:
208:
191:
179:
167:
161:
159:
154:
136:
131:
127:
123:
119:
117:James Wani Igga
115:
107:
101:
95:
90:
67:
55:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5216:
5206:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5129:
5115:
5101:
5087:
5073:
5059:
5045:
5031:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5003:Nicolás Maduro
4992:
4978:
4964:
4950:
4936:
4922:
4908:
4894:
4880:
4866:
4852:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4813:
4799:
4785:
4771:
4757:
4754:Xiomara Castro
4743:
4728:
4714:
4700:
4686:
4672:
4658:
4644:
4629:
4627:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4605:
4591:
4575:
4560:Ignazio Cassis
4537:
4521:
4507:
4493:
4479:
4461:
4458:Vladimir Putin
4447:
4444:Klaus Iohannis
4433:
4419:
4405:
4389:
4375:
4361:
4347:
4333:
4319:
4305:
4289:
4275:
4261:
4247:
4233:
4219:
4205:
4191:
4177:
4163:
4149:
4135:
4121:
4107:
4093:
4071:
4057:
4043:
4029:
4015:
4001:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3959:
3944:
3930:
3916:
3913:Emomali Rahmon
3902:
3886:
3872:
3858:
3844:
3830:
3816:
3800:
3786:
3772:
3758:
3743:
3729:
3726:Mohamed Muizzu
3715:
3700:
3686:
3672:
3658:
3644:
3630:
3616:
3602:
3599:Droupadi Murmu
3588:
3574:
3560:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3521:
3507:
3493:
3479:
3465:
3451:
3436:
3422:
3408:
3394:
3390:Muse Bihi Abdi
3378:
3364:
3350:
3336:
3322:
3306:
3292:
3278:
3263:
3260:Nangolo Mbumba
3249:
3235:
3221:
3207:
3192:
3178:
3164:
3149:
3135:
3121:
3107:
3093:
3078:
3064:
3050:
3035:
3021:
3018:Isaias Afwerki
3007:
2993:
2979:
2965:
2951:
2937:
2923:
2909:
2895:
2881:
2867:
2853:
2849:Ibrahim Traoré
2838:
2824:
2810:
2796:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2722:(2011–present)
2715:
2714:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2619:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2563:Ali Osman Taha
2561:
2558:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2533:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2515:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2472:
2455:
2447:
2446:External links
2444:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:
2373:
2347:
2335:Foreign Policy
2329:Lynch, Colum.
2321:
2295:
2273:
2247:
2224:
2198:
2168:
2138:
2113:
2087:
2058:
2047:
2025:
1999:
1973:
1947:
1920:
1891:
1869:
1843:
1818:
1792:
1766:
1741:
1718:
1707:. 24 July 2013
1689:
1659:
1630:
1604:
1582:
1559:
1537:
1515:
1493:
1479:
1460:
1434:
1406:
1404:, p. 104.
1394:
1387:
1381:. p. 66.
1360:
1327:
1305:
1279:
1249:
1223:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1186:
1183:
1179:George W. Bush
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1128:experienced a
1115:
1112:
1099:
1096:
1075:
1072:
1039:
1036:
1031:Bahr el Ghazal
1015:South Sudanese
991:South Kordofan
975:Main article:
972:
969:
885:Prime Minister
853:
850:
827:
824:
795:
792:
791:
790:
768:
748:
740:child soldiers
716:Taban Deng Gai
700:Deng Alor Kuol
694:
691:
647:Omar al-Bashir
633:
630:
622:Omar al-Bashir
585:
582:
567:(SPLM) in the
529:
526:
520:County, South
509:
506:
442:Southern Sudan
430:South Sudanese
417:
416:
413:
412:
394:
390:
389:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
335:
314:
310:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:
295:
289:
288:
285:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
258:
257:
255:Southern Sudan
250:
249:
247:Ali Osman Taha
244:
238:
237:
232:
226:
225:
223:Omar al-Bashir
220:
216:
215:
205:
204:
198:
197:
194:
188:
187:
182:
176:
175:
170:
168:Vice President
164:
163:
151:
150:
148:Southern Sudan
143:
142:
139:
133:
132:
121:Taban Deng Gai
110:
108:Vice President
104:
103:
97:Assumed office
92:
91:
84:
81:
80:
73:
72:
69:
68:
65:
57:
56:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5215:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Living people
5151:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5127:
5122:
5116:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5085:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5070:Wesley Simina
5066:
5060:
5057:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5042:Taneti Maamau
5038:
5032:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5004:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4975:Chan Santokhi
4971:
4965:
4962:
4961:Dina Boluarte
4957:
4951:
4948:
4947:Santiago Peña
4943:
4937:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4906:
4905:Gustavo Petro
4901:
4895:
4892:
4891:Gabriel Boric
4887:
4881:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4859:
4853:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4834:South America
4832:
4825:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4782:Daniel Ortega
4778:
4772:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4697:Luis Abinader
4693:
4687:
4684:
4679:
4673:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:North America
4624:
4617:
4612:
4606:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4582:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4500:
4494:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4477:
4473:
4468:
4462:
4459:
4454:
4448:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4326:
4320:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4302:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4282:
4276:
4273:
4268:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4226:
4220:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4189:
4184:
4178:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4133:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4114:
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1900:Pipes, Daniel
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1827:"EAC History"
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1754:reliefweb.int
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4641:Sandra Mason
4585:
4564:Albert Rösti
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4548:Viola Amherd
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4531:
4416:Andrzej Duda
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4301:Vjosa Osmani
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4244:Tamás Sulyok
4054:Ilham Aliyev
4012:Bajram Begaj
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3711:Najib Mikati
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3627:Ali Khamenei
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756:mass murders
720:
712:dictatorship
696:
670:
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393:Battles/wars
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242:Succeeded by
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155:
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85:
66:Kiir in 2014
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42:
32:Bahr al-Arab
5148:1951 births
5056:Hilda Heine
4401:Ersin Tatar
4104:Rumen Radev
3783:Kim Jong Un
3613:Joko Widodo
3303:Paul Kagame
3289:Bola Tinubu
2530:John Garang
2520:Riek Machar
2418:Works cited
2314:20 February
2266:18 November
2240:17 November
2217:17 November
2081:12 November
1831:www.eac.int
1728:South Sudan
1668:Turse, Nick
1242:31 December
1171:White House
1153:Stetson hat
1138:Unity State
1126:South Sudan
1059:Riek Machar
1050:South Sudan
1007:Addis Ababa
946:Riek Machar
775:disarmament
728:South Sudan
708:Riek Machar
673:South Sudan
557:John Garang
481:John Garang
454:John Garang
368:South Sudan
283:Preceded by
276:John Garang
235:John Garang
230:Preceded by
185:John Garang
180:Preceded by
137:Preceded by
113:Riek Machar
102:9 July 2011
5142:Categories
4933:Irfaan Ali
4358:Maia Sandu
4160:Alar Karis
4146:Petr Pavel
3571:Xi Jinping
3490:Kais Saied
2571:New office
2557:2005–2011
2541:2005–2011
2504:New office
2191:15 October
2161:15 October
2040:21 January
2018:31 January
1992:16 October
1966:15 October
1941:15 October
1913:21 January
1884:21 January
1862:6 December
1759:19 January
1711:19 January
1597:21 January
1453:26 January
1427:26 January
1353:26 January
1205:References
1118:See also:
1094:agencies.
1042:See also:
961:government
760:figurehead
632:Presidency
508:Early life
426:Salva Kiir
364:Allegiance
319:1951-09-13
18:Salva Kiir
4863:Luis Arce
4824:Joe Biden
4572:Beat Jans
2878:Paul Biya
2683:2005–2011
2640:1972–1983
2585:Incumbent
1575:18 August
1552:25 August
1530:25 August
1508:25 August
1272:4 January
1084:WikiLeaks
965:sanctions
938:Jerusalem
781:, severe
742:attacked
438:President
349:Spouse(s)
272:President
263:In office
219:President
210:In office
156:In office
87:Incumbent
2658:Gatkuoth
2461:Archived
2402:cite web
2392:21 April
2366:16 April
1935:archived
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1371:(2003).
1346:BBC News
1088:Egyptian
783:beatings
767:justice.
736:Lou Nuer
493:autonomy
374:Commands
5013:Oceania
2673:Tombura
2340:11 July
2288:6 March
2131:20 June
2100:Reuters
1811:23 July
1805:cpj.org
1785:23 July
1682:15 July
1652:16 July
1420:Reuters
1292:UN News
1175:stetson
1134:drought
987:Panthou
934:embassy
919:visited
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