2385:
2396:
2403:
3797:
4529:
136:
1028:
5764:
5758:
3802:
563:
118:
3259:
5753:
3251:
5747:
4521:
3271:
2391:
3265:
4537:
585:
1454:
426:
1126:
possessed crocodile-like armour (osteoderms) 10 to 12 centimetres (4 to 5 in) in diameter. Previously, it had been assumed that size alone was sufficient defence for the massive sauropods. Since then, palaeontologists have investigated the possibility that other sauropods may also have had
1058:
was still graviportal like other sauropods, meaning it could not run because its hindlimbs had to be held straight at the load-bearing phase of their walking cycle. Powell assumed adult individuals were protected against predators by their body armour, while juveniles were protected by the herd as a
671:
The osteoderms came in two types. There were larger oval plates with a length of up to twelve centimetres. These were keeled or spiked and perhaps were ordered in longitudinal rows along the back. The second type consists of small ossicles, rounded or pentagonal, about seven millimetres in diameter,
1386:
Tidwell, V., Carpenter, K. & Meyer, S. 2001. New
Titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. D. H. Tanke & K. Carpenter (eds.). Indiana University Press, Eds. D.H. Tanke & K. Carpenter.
1313:
Navarro, Bruno A.; Ghilardi, Aline M.; Aureliano, Tito; DĂaz, VerĂłnica DĂez; Bandeira, Kamila L. N.; Cattaruzzi, AndrĂ© G. S.; Iori, Fabiano V.; Martine, Ariel M.; Carvalho, Alberto B.; Anelli, Luiz E.; Fernandes, Marcelo A.; Zaher, Hussam (2022-09-15).
502:
of the neck, back, hip and tail, parts of the shoulder girdle and the pelvis, and limb bones — plus various pieces of armour. These bones represent a minimum of five individuals, two adults and three juveniles or subadults.
1210:
J.F. Bonaparte and J.E. Powell, 1980, "A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper
Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda-Coelurosauria-Carnosauria-Aves),"
1156:). Several hundred female saltasaurines dug holes with their back feet, laid eggs in clutches averaging around 25 eggs each, and buried the nests under dirt and vegetation. The small
1194:
J.F. Bonaparte, J.A. Salfity, G. Bossi & J.E. Powell, 1977, "Hallazgo de dinosaurios y aves cretacicas en la
Formación Lecho de El Brete (Salta), proximo al limite con Tucumán",
650:
also had depression-like fossae, but its pleurocoels penetrated deeper into the vertebrae, were divided into two chambers, and extend farther into the vertebral columns. In
672:
that formed a continuous armour between the plates. A study in 2010 concluded that the larger plates had cancellous bone but that the ossicles had a denser bone tissue.
1418:
5940:
1425:
622:
had vertebral lateral fossae, pleurocoels, that resembled shallow depressions. Fossae that similarly resemble shallow depressions are known from
441:, MartĂn Vince and Juan C. Leal between 1975 and 1977 at the Estancia "El Brete". The find was in 1977 reported in the scientific literature.
498:. Under the inventory number PVL 4017 over two hundred additional fossils have been catalogued. These include rear skull elements, teeth,
1487:
5881:
5950:
1435:
5945:
1032:
1508:
1088:, becoming the most abundant (this being most evident by the Late Cretaceous epoch). However, on other landmasses such as
658:
and there were larger air chambers present as well. The limbs were short and stubby with especially short hands and feet.
5975:
5955:
599:
is very small compared to most other members of the
Sauropoda. Powell estimated the adult length at six metres. In 2010,
614:
had a relatively short neck with shortened neck vertebrae. The vertebrae from the middle part of its tail had elongated
5980:
1405:
2395:
2402:
2384:
1233:(Sauropoda Titanosauridae) del Cretácico Superior del noroeste Argentino" In: Sanz, J., Buscalioni, A. (Eds.),
3796:
5970:
5965:
1480:
4528:
405:
was characterized by a short neck and stubby limbs. It was the first genus of sauropod known to possess
135:
1373:
5763:
5757:
1398:
Walking on Eggs: The
Astonishing Discovery of Thousands of Dinosaur Eggs in the Badlands of Patagonia
1175:
impressions showing a mosaic armour of small bead-like scales. The armour pattern resembled that of
5960:
5800:
1575:
1473:
3801:
1374:
Embryonic Skin From Late
Cretaceous Sauropods (Dinosauria) of Auca Mahuevo, Patagonia, Argentina.
460:
5912:
5821:
3270:
3258:
3250:
603:
estimated the maximum length at 8.5 metres (28 ft), the weight at 2.5 tonnes (2.8 short tons).
5935:
5907:
5899:
5859:
5790:
5752:
5481:
1763:
708:
318:
5746:
4520:
3264:
5868:
4536:
2390:
294:
8:
2466:
543:
1235:
Los dinosaurios y su entorno biĂłtico: Actas del
Segundo Curso de PaleontologĂa in Cuenca
5521:
2593:
1343:
722:
343:
130:
1432:
5894:
5657:
5198:
3945:
3586:
3315:
2503:
1401:
1347:
1335:
1316:"A new nanoid titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil"
1315:
1115:
438:
290:
5528:
5373:
5313:
4955:
4847:
4753:
4644:
4446:
4426:
4365:
3484:
3337:
3184:
2901:
2855:
2835:
2779:
2082:
1859:
1839:
1459:
1377:
1327:
615:
487:
406:
394:
401:. Small among sauropods, though still heavy by the standards of modern creatures,
5795:
5665:
5398:
5291:
4987:
4967:
4948:
4906:
4833:
4819:
4702:
4453:
4373:
4020:
3556:
3547:
3408:
3400:
3327:
3087:
2965:
2786:
2642:
2473:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2174:
2091:
1637:
1624:
1587:
1560:
1535:
1496:
1439:
1331:
1136:
A new discovery, from another formation, may shed light on the nesting habits of
1119:
1070:
were no longer the dominant group of herbivorous dinosaurs with the exception of
600:
479:
459:, the region of north-west Argentina where the first fossils were recovered. The
209:
30:
5672:
5587:
5469:
5414:
5364:
5176:
5169:
5115:
5087:
5042:
5015:
4890:
4855:
4797:
4724:
4637:
4401:
4280:
4252:
4231:
4216:
4138:
4111:
3929:
3913:
3879:
3722:
3521:
3393:
3219:
2958:
2937:
2886:
2878:
2730:
2723:
2630:
2529:
2517:
2325:
2297:
2134:
2105:
2098:
2044:
1958:
1944:
1928:
1903:
1733:
456:
5929:
5844:
5715:
5700:
5679:
5595:
5555:
5543:
5513:
5462:
5434:
5407:
5328:
5305:
5253:
5184:
5108:
5074:
5063:
5001:
4920:
4883:
4862:
4812:
4790:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4709:
4674:
4651:
4593:
4460:
4439:
4307:
4298:
4287:
4266:
4245:
4223:
4166:
4043:
3980:
3864:
3687:
3663:
3629:
3600:
3593:
3572:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3458:
3449:
3386:
3378:
3371:
3301:
3288:
3205:
3129:
3072:
3051:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2929:
2908:
2827:
2804:
2651:
2608:
2510:
2487:
2459:
2290:
2283:
2231:
2127:
2064:
2055:
1937:
1811:
1779:
1747:
1708:
1690:
1669:
1339:
1157:
1129:
1089:
1078:
1067:
925:
761:
739:
698:
642:
532:
483:
270:
68:
1027:
5723:
5693:
5686:
5623:
5564:
5490:
5422:
5380:
5349:
5335:
5320:
5298:
5282:
5216:
5205:
5156:
5137:
5130:
5008:
4994:
4980:
4934:
4927:
4898:
4869:
4805:
4746:
4688:
4681:
4630:
4623:
4586:
4568:
4555:
4483:
4467:
4408:
4394:
4358:
4351:
4337:
4315:
4209:
4201:
4194:
4173:
4145:
4093:
4079:
4065:
4050:
4001:
3922:
3894:
3887:
3706:
3695:
3672:
3654:
3579:
3565:
3472:
3429:
3422:
3364:
3357:
3120:
3035:
2843:
2793:
2765:
2758:
2737:
2709:
2695:
2615:
2559:
2538:
2224:
2112:
2016:
1972:
1965:
1917:
1889:
1850:
1676:
1047:
911:
664:
624:
571:
538:
495:
448:
414:
353:
257:
562:
5853:
5708:
5602:
5498:
5387:
5342:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5191:
5123:
5101:
5022:
4913:
4608:
4415:
4380:
4273:
4238:
4180:
4159:
4152:
4124:
4057:
4029:
3994:
3987:
3973:
3872:
3857:
3758:
3680:
3643:
3514:
3465:
3226:
3102:
3065:
3058:
3027:
3011:
2951:
2915:
2893:
2813:
2772:
2716:
2688:
2674:
2622:
2575:
2495:
2480:
2452:
2318:
2276:
2262:
2242:
2216:
2162:
2155:
2071:
2037:
2023:
1866:
1804:
1740:
1717:
1683:
1655:
1084:
1072:
782:
636:
630:
526:
have been suggested but these are now considered to belong to a separate
384:
43:
5886:
5609:
5536:
5505:
5267:
5094:
4941:
4876:
4840:
4826:
4761:
4732:
4695:
4658:
4601:
4187:
4131:
4086:
4036:
4008:
3966:
3902:
3850:
3832:
3819:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3715:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3528:
3440:
3415:
3145:
3095:
3079:
3043:
2944:
2820:
2744:
2658:
2601:
2552:
2304:
2120:
2009:
1873:
1832:
1797:
1526:
1291:
Ignacio A. Cerda and Jaime E. Powell, 2010, "Dermal Armor
Histology of
1105:
1097:
1063:
880:
799:
655:
547:
410:
391:
241:
193:
117:
88:
53:
447:
was named and described by
Bonaparte and Jaime E. Powell in 1980. The
5572:
5454:
5260:
4739:
4717:
4666:
4387:
4344:
4330:
4072:
3765:
3751:
3636:
3350:
3198:
3191:
2922:
2871:
2434:
2421:
2336:
2311:
2269:
2148:
1988:
1755:
1697:
1381:
1149:
1145:
1101:
1043:
863:
684:
577:
398:
225:
147:
93:
37:
5815:
409:
of bony plates embedded in its skin. Such small bony plates, called
5838:
5580:
5246:
5056:
4259:
4100:
3959:
3212:
2702:
2545:
2255:
2030:
2002:
1910:
1825:
1818:
1725:
1662:
1544:
1520:
1443:
1295:, an Upper Cretaceous Sauropod Dinosaur from Northwest Argentina",
1273:"Caudal Vertebrae," Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer (2001). Page 147.
1259:"Caudal Vertebrae," Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer (2001). Page 145.
1161:
1152:(another titanosaur nesting site has reportedly been discovered in
839:
584:
499:
471:
387:
180:
167:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
1465:
4616:
3020:
2864:
2751:
2209:
507:
98:
73:
5873:
5145:
4323:
2141:
1514:
1168:
1165:
1093:
491:
157:
1400:, by Luis Chiappe and Lowell Dingus. June 19, 2001, Scribner.
425:
1153:
527:
464:
380:
376:
1312:
5447:
1951:
1282:"Forelimb," Tidwell, Carpenter, and Meyer (2001). Page 148.
1212:
Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, Nouvelle Série
1172:
1141:
1114:
was one such titanosaur sauropod, and lived around 70
490:
period, about seventy million years old. It consists of a
3109:
1076:, with the ornithopod and ceratopsian dinosaurs, such as
536:. Earlier, armour plates from the area had been named as
550:. It has been suggested these plates were in fact from
5780:
1449:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1160:, about 11–12 cm (4–5 in) in
1118:. When it was first discovered, in 1975, it forced
5649:
1354:
1276:
1122:to reconsider some assumptions about sauropods as
1046:. Because of its barrel-like rump, shaped like a
5927:
3176:
1433:The late Cretaceous nesting grounds of Patagonia
1262:
1253:
1635:
1559:
463:means "protected by small armoured plates" in
1481:
1419:Sauropodomorpha: Titanosauridae: 'Saltasaurus
3299:
1225:
1223:
4566:
1108:, continued to be the dominant herbivores.
5941:Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of South America
1488:
1474:
1144:ground was discovered in Auca Mahuevo, in
116:
3830:
1376:Journal of Paleontology v81(6):1528-1532
1220:
610:were cylindrical, with spatulate points.
2432:
1054:was aquatic. Despite its small stature,
1026:
583:
561:
546:who assumed them to be from an armoured
424:
1306:
5928:
1248:The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs
5820:
5819:
5779:
4553:
3817:
3286:
2419:
1622:
1507:
1469:
1033:North American Museum of Ancient Life
1623:
1495:
1372:Coria, R.A. and Chiappe, L.M. 2007.
1250:, Princeton University Press p. 213
1229:Powell, J.E., 1992, "OsteologĂa de
654:, the vertebral bone was generally
455:. Its generic name is derived from
13:
1391:
1387:Indiana University Press. 139–165.
14:
5992:
5781:Topics in sauropodomorph research
3287:
1412:
413:, have since been found on other
5762:
5756:
5751:
5745:
4554:
4535:
4527:
4519:
3800:
3795:
3269:
3263:
3257:
3249:
2401:
2394:
2389:
2383:
1452:
1022:
668:. The belly was extremely wide.
592:, size based on Donald Henderson
134:
41:
1104:) sauropods, in particular the
3818:
1285:
1240:
1204:
1188:
557:
506:Currently the only recognised
478:, was found in a layer of the
1:
5946:Fossil taxa described in 1980
2420:
1366:
1297:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
5951:Taxa named by José Bonaparte
1332:10.5710/AMGH.25.08.2022.3477
1182:
675:
420:
337:Bonaparte & Powell, 1980
7:
662:had more robust radii than
10:
5997:
5976:Sauropods of South America
5956:Taxa named by Jaime Powell
375:(which means "lizard from
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
5981:Monotypic sauropod genera
5828:
5786:
5775:
5743:
5645:
5554:
5480:
5442:
5433:
5397:
5363:
5281:
5215:
5164:
5155:
5082:
5073:
5051:
5040:
4975:
4966:
4581:
4577:
4562:
4549:
4516:
4482:
4434:
4425:
4297:
4119:
4110:
4019:
3954:
3943:
3912:
3845:
3841:
3826:
3813:
3793:
3705:
3662:
3653:
3555:
3546:
3483:
3448:
3439:
3345:
3336:
3325:
3310:
3295:
3282:
3246:
3172:
3144:
3128:
3119:
3010:
2854:
2803:
2683:
2672:
2641:
2588:
2584:
2573:
2528:
2447:
2443:
2428:
2415:
2381:
2335:
2250:
2241:
2182:
2173:
2081:
2054:
1997:
1986:
1927:
1898:
1887:
1849:
1792:
1788:
1777:
1707:
1650:
1646:
1631:
1618:
1586:
1568:
1555:
1503:
1360:Coria and Chiappe (2007).
959:
946:
939:
922:
915:
877:
860:
853:
836:
829:
822:
796:
779:
772:
765:
736:
719:
712:
702:
349:
342:
324:
317:
131:Scientific classification
129:
124:
115:
23:
5801:List of sauropod species
1050:, Powell suggested that
1446:, from his art gallery.
1196:Acta Geològica Lilloana
1140:. A large titanosaurid
1127:armour; for example,
1035:
1031:Egg on display at the
593:
581:
482:dating from the early
430:
5908:Paleobiology Database
5791:Sauropod neck posture
5482:Opisthocoelicaudiinae
1293:Saltasaurus loricatus
1231:Saltasaurus loricatus
1066:Period, sauropods in
1030:
709:Opisthocoelicaudiinae
587:
565:
453:Saltasaurus loricatus
428:
331:Saltasaurus loricatus
5971:Maastrichtian genera
5966:Cretaceous Argentina
1038:Like all sauropods,
5650:Dubious titanosaurs
2467:Chinshakiangosaurus
1096:(which were island
588:Size comparison of
544:Friedrich von Huene
5522:Opisthocoelicaudia
2594:Archaeodontosaurus
1438:2008-10-28 at the
1246:Paul, G.S., 2010,
1036:
723:Opisthocoelicaudia
594:
582:
437:were excavated by
431:
5923:
5922:
5895:Open Tree of Life
5822:Taxon identifiers
5813:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5771:
5770:
5741:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5658:Bruhathkayosaurus
5641:
5640:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5359:
5358:
5277:
5276:
5199:Panamericansaurus
5036:
5035:
5032:
5031:
4545:
4544:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4478:
4477:
3946:Titanosauriformes
3939:
3938:
3809:
3808:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3587:Brachytrachelopan
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3316:Haplocanthosaurus
3278:
3277:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3177:Dubious sauropods
3168:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
2668:
2667:
2569:
2568:
2504:Protognathosaurus
2411:
2410:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2354:
1982:
1981:
1883:
1882:
1773:
1772:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1116:million years ago
1100:much like modern
1019:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
983:
982:
974:
973:
901:
900:
892:
891:
811:
810:
751:
750:
494:connected to two
429:A large osteoderm
368:
367:
362:
310:S. loricatus
298:
125:Life restoration
5988:
5916:
5915:
5903:
5902:
5890:
5889:
5877:
5876:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5817:
5816:
5777:
5776:
5766:
5760:
5755:
5749:
5647:
5646:
5529:Pellegrinisaurus
5440:
5439:
5395:
5394:
5374:Bustingorrytitan
5314:Futalognkosaurus
5162:
5161:
5080:
5079:
5049:
5048:
4973:
4972:
4956:Diamantinasauria
4848:Pellegrinisaurus
4754:Jiangshanosaurus
4645:Baotianmansaurus
4579:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4564:
4563:
4551:
4550:
4540:
4539:
4532:
4531:
4524:
4523:
4447:Diamantinasaurus
4432:
4431:
4427:Diamantinasauria
4366:Jiangshanosaurus
4117:
4116:
3952:
3951:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3828:
3827:
3815:
3814:
3804:
3799:
3660:
3659:
3553:
3552:
3485:Rebbachisaurinae
3446:
3445:
3343:
3342:
3338:Rebbachisauridae
3334:
3333:
3308:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3267:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3253:
3185:Bothriospondylus
3174:
3173:
3126:
3125:
2902:Eomamenchisaurus
2856:Mamenchisauridae
2836:Lapparentosaurus
2780:Spinophorosaurus
2681:
2680:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2429:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2248:
2247:
2180:
2179:
2083:Massospondylidae
1995:
1994:
1925:
1924:
1896:
1895:
1860:Jaklapallisaurus
1840:Thecodontosaurus
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1505:
1504:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:Dinosaurs portal
1457:
1456:
1455:
1382:10.1666/05-150.1
1361:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1310:
1304:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1244:
1238:
1227:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1192:
1171:, complete with
1120:palaeontologists
942:
941:
918:
917:
856:
855:
832:
831:
825:
824:
775:
774:
768:
767:
715:
714:
705:
704:
695:
694:
488:Upper Cretaceous
360:
333:
329:
289:
282:
269:
256:
240:
224:
208:
139:
138:
120:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
5996:
5995:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5961:Lecho Formation
5926:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5911:
5906:
5898:
5893:
5885:
5880:
5872:
5867:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5843:
5842:
5837:
5824:
5814:
5805:
5796:Sauropod hiatus
5782:
5767:
5729:
5666:Campylodoniscus
5629:
5550:
5476:
5429:
5399:Nemegtosauridae
5393:
5355:
5292:Argentinosaurus
5273:
5211:
5151:
5069:
5045:
5028:
4988:Atsinganosaurus
4968:Lirainosaurinae
4962:
4949:Xianshanosaurus
4834:Normanniasaurus
4820:Narambuenatitan
4703:Dongyangosaurus
4571:
4558:
4541:
4534:
4526:
4518:
4498:
4474:
4454:Sarmientosaurus
4421:
4374:Phuwiangosaurus
4293:
4106:
4021:Brachiosauridae
4015:
3948:
3935:
3908:
3835:
3822:
3805:
3771:
3701:
3649:
3557:Dicraeosauridae
3548:Flagellicaudata
3534:
3479:
3435:
3409:Nopcsaspondylus
3401:Maraapunisaurus
3330:
3328:Diplodocimorpha
3321:
3304:
3291:
3274:
3256:
3248:
3232:
3156:
3140:
3115:
3088:Tehuelchesaurus
3006:
2966:Tienshanosaurus
2850:
2799:
2787:Tehuelchesaurus
2677:
2664:
2643:Vulcanodontidae
2637:
2578:
2565:
2524:
2474:Gongxianosaurus
2437:
2424:
2407:
2400:
2351:
2331:
2237:
2196:Jingshanosaurus
2188:Chuxiongosaurus
2175:Sauropodiformes
2169:
2092:Adeopapposaurus
2077:
2050:
1991:
1978:
1923:
1892:
1879:
1845:
1782:
1769:
1703:
1640:
1638:Sauropodomorpha
1627:
1625:Sauropodomorpha
1602:
1588:Sauropodomorpha
1582:
1576:Avemetatarsalia
1561:Avemetatarsalia
1551:
1536:Avemetatarsalia
1510:
1509:
1499:
1497:Sauropodomorpha
1494:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1440:Wayback Machine
1415:
1394:
1392:Further reading
1369:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1311:
1307:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1241:
1228:
1221:
1209:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1025:
1020:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
975:
948:MACN-PV-RN 233
902:
893:
812:
752:
678:
601:Gregory S. Paul
560:
480:Lecho Formation
433:The fossils of
423:
361:von Huene, 1929
359:
338:
335:
327:
326:
313:
288:
280:
267:
254:
238:
222:
210:Sauropodomorpha
206:
133:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
31:Late Cretaceous
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5994:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5921:
5920:
5918:
5917:
5904:
5891:
5878:
5865:
5850:
5834:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5811:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5773:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5720:
5712:
5705:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5673:Clasmodosaurus
5669:
5662:
5653:
5651:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5628:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5588:Maxakalisaurus
5584:
5577:
5569:
5560:
5558:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5540:
5533:
5525:
5518:
5510:
5502:
5495:
5486:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5470:Quaesitosaurus
5466:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5419:
5415:Quaesitosaurus
5411:
5403:
5401:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5369:
5367:
5365:Saltasauroidea
5361:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5325:
5317:
5310:
5302:
5295:
5287:
5285:
5279:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5221:
5219:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5177:Maxakalisaurus
5173:
5170:Adamantisaurus
5165:
5159:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5142:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5116:Epachthosaurus
5112:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5088:Antarctosaurus
5083:
5077:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5067:
5060:
5052:
5046:
5043:Eutitanosauria
5041:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5026:
5019:
5016:Mansourasaurus
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4976:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4895:
4891:Tastavinsaurus
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4856:Petrobrasaurus
4852:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4798:Malarguesaurus
4794:
4787:
4779:
4772:
4765:
4758:
4750:
4743:
4736:
4729:
4725:Epachthosaurus
4721:
4714:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4663:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4638:Austroposeidon
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4605:
4598:
4590:
4582:
4572:
4567:
4560:
4559:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4488:
4486:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4402:Tangvayosaurus
4398:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4303:
4301:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4284:
4281:Tastavinsaurus
4277:
4270:
4263:
4256:
4253:Pukyongosaurus
4249:
4242:
4235:
4232:Liubangosaurus
4228:
4220:
4217:Liaoningotitan
4213:
4206:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4139:Astrophocaudia
4135:
4128:
4120:
4114:
4112:Somphospondyli
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4025:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3955:
3949:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3930:Lourinhasaurus
3926:
3918:
3916:
3914:Camarasauridae
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3899:
3891:
3884:
3880:Dashanpusaurus
3876:
3869:
3861:
3854:
3846:
3836:
3831:
3824:
3823:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3723:Dinheirosaurus
3719:
3711:
3709:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3692:
3684:
3677:
3668:
3666:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3561:
3559:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3525:
3522:Rebbachisaurus
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3469:
3462:
3454:
3452:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3394:Lavocatisaurus
3390:
3383:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3346:
3340:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3311:
3305:
3300:
3293:
3292:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3220:Qinlingosaurus
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3180:
3178:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3153:(see below ↓ )
3150:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3137:(see below ↓ )
3134:
3132:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3084:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3040:
3032:
3024:
3016:
3014:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2959:Rhomaleopakhus
2955:
2948:
2941:
2938:Mamenchisaurus
2934:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2887:Chuanjiesaurus
2883:
2879:Cetiosauriscus
2875:
2868:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2731:Dashanpusaurus
2727:
2724:Cetiosauriscus
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2631:Zizhongosaurus
2627:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2589:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2534:
2532:
2530:Lessemsauridae
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:Tuebingosaurus
2514:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2448:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2425:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2326:Sefapanosaurus
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2298:Melanorosaurus
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2135:Massospondylus
2131:
2124:
2117:
2109:
2106:Glacialisaurus
2102:
2099:Coloradisaurus
2095:
2087:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2045:Tuebingosaurus
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1959:Pachysauriscus
1955:
1948:
1945:Gresslyosaurus
1941:
1933:
1931:
1929:Plateosauridae
1922:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1904:Plateosauravus
1899:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1855:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1783:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1737:
1734:Chromogisaurus
1730:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1651:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1569:
1563:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1448:
1447:
1430:
1428:, from Palæos.
1426:M. Alan Kazlev
1414:
1413:External links
1411:
1410:
1409:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1326:(5): 317–354.
1305:
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1024:
1021:
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748:
745:
744:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
718:
713:
711:
703:
701:
693:
687:after Navarro
677:
674:
559:
556:
457:Salta Province
439:José Bonaparte
422:
419:
415:titanosaurians
366:
365:
364:
363:
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28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5993:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5933:
5931:
5914:
5909:
5905:
5901:
5896:
5892:
5888:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5866:
5861:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5840:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5818:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5788:
5785:
5778:
5774:
5765:
5761:
5759:
5754:
5748:
5726:
5725:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5716:Mongolosaurus
5713:
5711:
5710:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5701:Macrurosaurus
5698:
5696:
5695:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5680:Hypselosaurus
5677:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5596:Neuquensaurus
5593:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5556:Saltasaurinae
5553:
5546:
5545:
5544:Zhuchengtitan
5541:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5514:Dreadnoughtus
5511:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5479:
5472:
5471:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5463:Qingxiusaurus
5460:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5450:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:Saltasauridae
5432:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5408:Nemegtosaurus
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5352:
5351:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5329:Mendozasaurus
5326:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5306:Dzharatitanis
5303:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5280:
5270:
5269:
5265:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5256:
5255:
5254:Gondwanatitan
5251:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5201:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5187:
5186:
5185:Muyelensaurus
5182:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5154:
5148:
5147:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5125:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5111:
5110:
5109:Chucarosaurus
5106:
5104:
5103:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5089:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5075:Colossosauria
5072:
5066:
5065:
5064:Menucocelsior
5061:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5039:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5004:
5003:
5002:Lirainosaurus
4999:
4997:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4944:
4943:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4921:Trigonosaurus
4918:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4888:
4886:
4885:
4884:Ruyangosaurus
4881:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4863:Pitekunsaurus
4860:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4813:Mnyamawamtuka
4810:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4791:Magyarosaurus
4788:
4785:
4784:
4783:Ligabuesaurus
4780:
4778:
4777:
4776:Laplatasaurus
4773:
4771:
4770:
4769:Karongasaurus
4766:
4764:
4763:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4742:
4741:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4710:Dreadnoughtus
4707:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4675:Borealosaurus
4672:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4652:Barrosasaurus
4649:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4594:Aegyptosaurus
4591:
4589:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4533:
4530:
4522:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4461:Savannasaurus
4458:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4440:Australotitan
4437:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4308:Australodocus
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4299:Euhelopodidae
4296:
4290:
4289:
4288:Triunfosaurus
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4268:
4267:Sauroposeidon
4264:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4246:Padillasaurus
4243:
4241:
4240:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:Ligabuesaurus
4221:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4168:
4167:Chubutisaurus
4164:
4162:
4161:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4084:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4044:Brachiosaurus
4041:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3981:Fushanosaurus
3978:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3942:
3932:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:Bashunosaurus
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3803:
3798:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3688:Atlantosaurus
3685:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3664:Apatosaurinae
3661:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3630:Smitanosaurus
3627:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:Dyslocosaurus
3598:
3596:
3595:
3594:Dicraeosaurus
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:Amargatitanis
3570:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:Katepensaurus
3505:
3503:
3502:
3501:Itapeuasaurus
3498:
3496:
3495:
3494:Demandasaurus
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:Cathartesaura
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3450:Limaysaurinae
3447:
3444:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3396:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3387:Histriasaurus
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:Dzharatitanis
3376:
3374:
3373:
3372:Comahuesaurus
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3360:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3302:Diplodocoidea
3298:
3294:
3290:
3289:Diplodocoidea
3285:
3281:
3272:
3268:
3266:
3260:
3252:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3206:Gigantosaurus
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3130:Diplodocoidea
3127:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:Narindasaurus
3070:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3052:Losillasaurus
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3003:
3002:
3001:Zigongosaurus
2998:
2996:
2995:
2994:Yuanmousaurus
2991:
2989:
2988:
2987:Xinjiangtitan
2984:
2982:
2981:
2980:Wamweracaudia
2977:
2975:
2974:
2973:Tonganosaurus
2970:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:Klamelisaurus
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2909:Huangshanlong
2906:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:Ferganasaurus
2825:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2805:Cetiosauridae
2802:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2789:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2671:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2652:Tazoudasaurus
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2609:Ohmdenosaurus
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2511:Schleitheimia
2508:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:Leonerasaurus
2485:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2460:Blikanasaurus
2457:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2399:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2291:Leonerasaurus
2288:
2286:
2285:
2284:Lamplughsaura
2281:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2232:Yunnanosaurus
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2164:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2128:Lufengosaurus
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2065:Eucnemesaurus
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2056:Riojasauridae
2053:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:Euskelosaurus
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1886:
1876:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1812:Bagualosaurus
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1780:Bagualosauria
1776:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1748:Pampadromaeus
1745:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1709:Saturnaliidae
1706:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1691:Pampadromaeus
1688:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1670:Gigantoscelus
1667:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1649:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1461:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1407:
1406:0-7432-1211-8
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1256:
1249:
1243:
1237:, pp. 165-230
1236:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1130:Laplatasaurus
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:South America
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1079:Edmontosaurus
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:North America
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1023:Palaeobiology
1015:
1014:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
988:
987:
979:
978:
970:
969:
966:
965:
964:
957:
956:
953:
952:
949:
944:
943:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
927:
926:Neuquensaurus
920:
919:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
897:
896:
888:
887:
884:
883:
882:
875:
874:
871:
870:
867:
866:
865:
858:
857:
851:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
841:
834:
833:
827:
826:
820:
819:
816:
815:
807:
806:
803:
802:
801:
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
784:
777:
776:
770:
769:
763:
762:Saltasaurinae
760:
759:
756:
755:
747:
746:
743:
742:
741:
740:Nemegtosaurus
734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
725:
724:
717:
716:
710:
707:
706:
700:
699:Saltasauridae
697:
696:
692:
690:
686:
682:
673:
669:
667:
666:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:
643:Gondwanatitan
639:
638:
633:
632:
627:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
606:The teeth of
604:
602:
598:
591:
586:
580:
579:
574:
573:
568:
564:
555:
553:
549:
548:ankylosaurian
545:
541:
540:
535:
534:
533:Neuquensaurus
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
504:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:stage of the
485:
484:Maastrichtian
481:
477:
473:
468:
466:
462:
461:specific name
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
440:
436:
427:
418:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
393:
389:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
357:
355:
351:
350:
348:
345:
341:
334:
332:
323:
320:
319:Binomial name
316:
312:
311:
305:
302:
301:
296:
292:
287:
286:
279:
276:
275:
272:
271:Saltasauridae
266:
263:
262:
259:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
237:
234:
231:
230:
227:
221:
218:
215:
214:
211:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
137:
132:
128:
123:
119:
114:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
22:
19:
5936:Saltasaurids
5829:
5750:
5724:Titanosaurus
5722:
5714:
5707:
5699:
5694:Loricosaurus
5692:
5687:Iuticosaurus
5685:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5656:
5624:Yamanasaurus
5622:
5616:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5565:Abditosaurus
5563:
5542:
5535:
5527:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5497:
5491:Abditosaurus
5489:
5468:
5461:
5453:
5446:
5423:Tapuiasaurus
5421:
5413:
5406:
5386:
5381:Titanomachya
5379:
5372:
5350:Puertasaurus
5348:
5341:
5336:Notocolossus
5334:
5327:
5321:Jiangxititan
5319:
5312:
5304:
5299:Drusilasaura
5297:
5290:
5283:Lognkosauria
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:Aeolosaurini
5206:Rinconsaurus
5204:
5197:
5190:
5183:
5175:
5168:
5157:Rinconsauria
5144:
5138:Tengrisaurus
5136:
5131:Quetecsaurus
5129:
5122:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5062:
5055:
5021:
5014:
5009:Lohuecotitan
5007:
5000:
4995:Garrigatitan
4993:
4986:
4981:Ampelosaurus
4979:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4935:Uberabatitan
4933:
4928:Sonidosaurus
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4899:Tengrisaurus
4897:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4870:Rapetosaurus
4868:
4861:
4854:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4811:
4806:Malawisaurus
4804:
4796:
4789:
4781:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4752:
4747:Huabeisaurus
4745:
4738:
4731:
4723:
4716:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4689:Choconsaurus
4687:
4682:Brasilotitan
4680:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4631:Atacamatitan
4629:
4624:Argyrosaurus
4622:
4615:
4607:
4600:
4592:
4587:Abdarainurus
4585:
4569:Titanosauria
4556:Titanosauria
4525:
4484:Titanosauria
4468:Wintonotitan
4466:
4459:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4414:
4409:Yongjinglong
4407:
4400:
4395:Tambatitanis
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4364:
4359:Huanghetitan
4357:
4352:Huabeisaurus
4350:
4343:
4338:Gannansaurus
4336:
4329:
4322:
4316:Chiayusaurus
4314:
4306:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4222:
4215:
4210:Jiutaisaurus
4208:
4202:Jiangxititan
4200:
4195:Garumbatitan
4193:
4186:
4179:
4174:Dongbeititan
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4146:Austrosaurus
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4099:
4094:Venenosaurus
4092:
4085:
4080:Sonorasaurus
4078:
4071:
4066:Giraffatitan
4064:
4056:
4051:Cedarosaurus
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4007:
4002:Pelorosaurus
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3928:
3923:Camarasaurus
3921:
3901:
3895:Haestasaurus
3893:
3888:Europasaurus
3886:
3878:
3871:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:Diplodocinae
3696:Brontosaurus
3694:
3686:
3679:
3673:Amphicoelias
3671:
3655:Diplodocidae
3642:
3635:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3580:Bajadasaurus
3578:
3571:
3566:Amargasaurus
3564:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3473:Rayososaurus
3471:
3464:
3457:
3430:Zapalasaurus
3428:
3423:Xenoposeidon
3421:
3414:
3407:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3370:
3365:Campananeyen
3363:
3358:Amazonsaurus
3356:
3349:
3314:
3255:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3121:Neosauropoda
3108:
3101:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3042:
3036:Haestasaurus
3034:
3026:
3019:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2971:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2892:
2885:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2844:Patagosaurus
2842:
2834:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2794:Volkheimeria
2792:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2766:Perijasaurus
2764:
2759:Nebulasaurus
2757:
2750:
2743:
2738:Dystrophaeus
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2710:Barapasaurus
2708:
2701:
2696:Asiatosaurus
2694:
2687:
2657:
2650:
2629:
2621:
2616:Rhoetosaurus
2614:
2607:
2600:
2592:
2560:Lessemsaurus
2558:
2551:
2544:
2539:Antetonitrus
2537:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2388:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2275:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2230:
2225:Yizhousaurus
2223:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2113:Ignavusaurus
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2070:
2063:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2017:Ignavusaurus
2015:
2008:
2001:
1973:Yimenosaurus
1971:
1966:Plateosaurus
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1918:Xixiposaurus
1916:
1909:
1902:
1890:Plateosauria
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:Unaysauridae
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1677:Guaibasaurus
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1540:
1531:
1423:
1420:
1397:
1356:
1323:
1319:
1308:
1303:(3): 389-398
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1278:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1234:
1230:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1195:
1190:
1176:
1164:, contained
1137:
1135:
1128:
1123:
1111:
1110:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1048:hippopotamus
1039:
1037:
962:
961:
960:
947:
924:
923:
912:Saltasaurini
879:
878:
862:
861:
838:
837:
798:
797:
781:
780:
738:
737:
721:
720:
688:
680:
679:
670:
665:Venenosaurus
663:
659:
651:
648:Venenosaurus
647:
641:
635:
629:
625:Malawisaurus
623:
619:
611:
607:
605:
596:
595:
589:
576:
572:Quilmesaurus
570:
569:herd passes
566:
551:
539:Loricosaurus
537:
531:
524:S. australis
523:
519:
516:S. loricatus
515:
511:
505:
475:
469:
452:
449:type species
444:
443:
434:
432:
402:
390:of the Late
371:
370:
369:
354:Loricosaurus
352:
330:
325:
309:
308:
284:
283:
258:Titanosauria
248:
232:
216:
200:
187:
174:
24:
18:
5860:Saltasaurus
5854:Wikispecies
5830:Saltasaurus
5709:Microcoelus
5617:Saltasaurus
5603:Paralititan
5499:Alamosaurus
5388:Udelartitan
5343:Patagotitan
5240:Bravasaurus
5233:Arrudatitan
5226:Aeolosaurus
5192:Overosaurus
5124:Jainosaurus
5102:Bonitasaura
5023:Paludititan
4914:Traukutitan
4609:Angolatitan
4416:Yunmenglong
4381:Qiaowanlong
4274:Sibirotitan
4239:Oceanotitan
4181:Europatitan
4160:Brontomerus
4153:Brohisaurus
4125:Angolatitan
4058:Galvesaurus
4030:Abydosaurus
3995:Ornithopsis
3988:Fusuisaurus
3974:Eucamerotus
3873:Daanosaurus
3858:Aragosaurus
3759:Supersaurus
3681:Apatosaurus
3644:Tharosaurus
3515:Nigersaurus
3466:Limaysaurus
3227:Ultrasaurus
3103:Turiasaurus
3066:Moabosaurus
3059:Mierasaurus
3028:Bellusaurus
3012:Turiasauria
2952:Qijianglong
2916:Hudiesaurus
2894:Datousaurus
2814:Cetiosaurus
2773:Shunosaurus
2717:Bellusaurus
2689:Algoasaurus
2675:Eusauropoda
2623:Sanpasaurus
2576:Gravisauria
2496:Pulanesaura
2481:Isanosaurus
2453:Amygdalodon
2319:Pulanesaura
2277:Irisosaurus
2263:Anchisaurus
2243:Anchisauria
2217:Xingxiulong
2163:Xingxiulong
2156:Sarahsaurus
2072:Riojasaurus
2038:Sarahsaurus
2024:Kholumolumo
1867:Macrocollum
1805:Asylosaurus
1741:Nhandumirim
1718:Buriolestes
1684:Mbiresaurus
1656:Buriolestes
1444:Luis V. Rey
1320:Ameghiniana
1177:Saltasaurus
1138:Saltasaurus
1124:Saltasaurus
1112:Saltasaurus
1106:titanosaurs
1085:Triceratops
1073:Alamosaurus
1056:Saltasaurus
1052:Saltasaurus
1044:herbivorous
1040:Saltasaurus
963:Saltasaurus
783:Alamosaurus
681:Saltasaurus
660:Saltasaurus
652:Saltasaurus
637:Aeolosaurus
631:Alamosaurus
620:Saltasaurus
612:Saltasaurus
608:Saltasaurus
597:Saltasaurus
590:Saltasaurus
567:Saltasaurus
558:Description
552:Saltasaurus
520:S. robustus
512:Saltasaurus
476:PVL 4017-92
445:Saltasaurus
435:Saltasaurus
403:Saltasaurus
385:saltasaurid
372:Saltasaurus
285:Saltasaurus
36:70–68
25:Saltasaurus
5930:Categories
5610:Rocasaurus
5537:Qunkasaura
5506:Baurutitan
5268:Shingopana
5095:Baalsaurus
4942:Volgatitan
4877:Rukwatitan
4841:Nullotitan
4827:Ninjatitan
4762:Kaijutitan
4733:Gandititan
4696:Daxiatitan
4659:Baurutitan
4602:Andesaurus
4493:see below↓
4188:Fukuititan
4132:Arkharavia
4087:Soriatitan
4037:Atlasaurus
4009:Rugocaudia
3967:Duriatitan
3903:Yuzhoulong
3851:Abrosaurus
3833:Macronaria
3820:Macronaria
3744:Kaatedocus
3737:Galeamopus
3730:Diplodocus
3716:Barosaurus
3623:Pilmatueia
3616:Lingwulong
3609:Kaatedocus
3529:Tataouinea
3441:Khebbashia
3416:Sidersaura
3146:Macronaria
3096:Tendaguria
3080:Oplosaurus
3044:Janenschia
2945:Omeisaurus
2821:Chebsaurus
2745:Janenschia
2659:Vulcanodon
2602:Kotasaurus
2553:Ledumahadi
2346:see below↓
2305:Meroktenos
2121:Leyesaurus
2010:Gyposaurus
1874:Unaysaurus
1833:Pantydraco
1798:Arcusaurus
1764:Saturnalia
1597:see below↓
1545:Dinosauria
1527:Sauropsida
1367:References
1166:fossilised
1098:continents
1064:Cretaceous
881:Rocasaurus
800:Baurutitan
656:cancellous
411:osteoderms
392:Cretaceous
242:Macronaria
194:Saurischia
181:Dinosauria
5573:Bonatitan
5455:Isisaurus
5261:Punatitan
4740:Hamititan
4718:Elaltitan
4667:Bonatitan
4388:Silutitan
4345:Gobititan
4331:Euhelopus
4073:Lusotitan
3766:Tornieria
3752:Leinkupal
3637:Suuwassea
3351:Agustinia
3199:Dinodocus
3192:Cardiodon
2923:Jingiella
2872:Anhuilong
2435:Sauropoda
2422:Sauropoda
2337:Sauropoda
2312:Mussaurus
2270:Camelotia
2149:Pradhania
1989:Massopoda
1756:Panphagia
1698:Panphagia
1513:Kingdom:
1348:251875979
1340:1851-8044
1183:Footnotes
1150:Argentina
1146:Patagonia
1102:Australia
864:Bonatitan
691:., 2022:
685:cladogram
676:Phylogeny
578:Noasaurus
500:vertebrae
421:Discovery
399:Argentina
303:Species:
291:Bonaparte
226:Sauropoda
154:Kingdom:
148:Eukaryota
5839:Wikidata
5581:Ibirania
5247:Caieiria
5057:Inawentu
4260:Ruixinia
4101:Vouivria
3960:Astrodon
3213:Neosodon
2703:Bagualia
2546:Ingentia
2256:Aardonyx
2203:Qianlong
2031:Musankwa
2003:Gryponyx
1911:Ruehleia
1826:Nambalia
1819:Efraasia
1726:Eoraptor
1663:Eoraptor
1521:Chordata
1519:Phylum:
1515:Animalia
1436:Archived
1162:diameter
840:Ibirania
472:holotype
388:dinosaur
379:") is a
356:scutatus
344:Synonyms
264:Family:
168:Chordata
164:Phylum:
158:Animalia
144:Domain:
5900:4129299
5887:4822761
5874:4657972
5845:Q131111
4617:Arackar
3021:Amanzia
2865:Analong
2752:Jobaria
2210:Seitaad
1525:Class:
1217:: 19-28
1169:embryos
1142:nesting
1062:In the
1059:whole.
508:species
328:†
307:†
277:Genus:
105:↓
5146:Vahiny
4907:Tiamat
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