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1922:, Germany, and France. In March 2023, the Government announced it would file two lawsuits with the Constitutional Court against the President over her decision to go on an unauthorized visit to Brussels and Paris and over her refusal to sign outright decrees appointing ambassador candidates nominated by the Government, before dismissing the lawsuits several months later. Zourabichvili has increasingly used her veto power against the Parliament, as such, she has vetoed the bill changing the composition of
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1938:. On 3 October, the Constitutional Court launched the impeachment hearing. On 16 October 2023, in a first impeachment trial against President in Georgia's history, the Constitutional Court of Georgia ruled that Zourabichvili violated the Constitution, authorizing the Parliament to finalize her impeachment. On 18 October, the Parliament held a vote to impeach Zourabichvili but failed to collect 100 votes needed to impeach her with 86 votes in favor, 1 vote against, and 57 abstentions.
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945:. In 1997–1998, she was Inspector at the MFA, still in Paris, before she was appointed Under-Director of Strategic Affairs at the Management of Strategic Affairs, Security and Disarmament of the MFA, a post she leaves in 2001 to become director of International and Strategic Affairs at the General Secretariat of National Defense. She also works with the Bureau of Strategic Affairs of NATO.
2107:
1073:, criticizing the country's "de facto one-party system." Although Zourabichvili enjoyed some degree of reputation in Georgia she was long unable to establish herself in the political field. At the city council elections in Tbilisi on 5 October 2006, only 2.77% of the constituency voted for her party. Six months before, an opinion poll conducted by the Georgian weekly
1961:
any further provocation from any side of the LGBTQ debate." This comment was met with criticism by LGBTQ organizations across the country, as well as some members of the civil society. Tbilisi Pride co-founder Tamaz
Sozashvili wrote: "How can she consider peaceful citizens and aggressive fundamentalists as equal sides?" She made no response to the criticism.
1934:
representative powers in foreign relations only with the consent of the
Government. Against this, Zourabichvili launched a series of visits to Europe to meet the European leaders despite the government's refusal to authorize her visits. On 22 September, a petition signed by 80 parliamentary deputies to impeach President Zourabichvili was submitted to the
739:(Sciences Po) in September 1969, a program out of which only half of participants reach the Institute after a year. In May 1970, her final exam topic choice on "Revolution and Counter-Revolution in Europe between 1917 and 1923" guaranteed her a spot at the Institute. Later in 2019, the school would describe her results on the topics on the
1476:
As president, Zourabichvili inherited a new
Constitution that entered into force the day of her inauguration and which significantly removed several powers from the Presidency, concentrating them within Parliament and the Prime Minister's Office. However, this did not stop her from using her position
1960:
Amid the controversy around the 2019 Tbilisi Pride Parade, Zourabichvili said: “I am everyone's president, regardless of sexual orientation or religious affiliation. No human should be discriminated against. I must also emphasize that our country is dealing with enough controversies and doesn't need
1735:
On 10 March 2020, President
Zurabishvili canceled scheduled visits to Bulgaria, Belgium, and Ukraine due to the coronavirus threat. On 21 March that year she declared a state of emergency in the country. The state of emergency was to last for a month, although on 21 April 2020, the president signed
1440:
On 16 December, the inauguration of the 5th
President of Georgia was held at the Erekle II Palace in Telavi. Zurabishvili wore a white and red ensemble, the colors of the Georgian flag, to the ceremony, designed by Jaba Diasamidze, a Georgian designer working in France. The president-elect was taken
2041:
After almost a year, on 14 May 2024, the draft was re-submitted and passed in the parliament with 84 votes in favor and 30 against. Zurabishvili promptly announced she was vetoing the bill. In doing so, she stated that the law "in its essence and spirit, is fundamentally
Russian, contradicting our
1884:
Besides moving to the smaller residence, Zourabichvili's office faced significant budget cutbacks. According to the 2019 budget, funding for the presidential administration is being reduced by just over €3.5 million. As a result, the vast majority of former employees were fired with only 60 of
1822:
called for EU bodies to review application "in an emergency manner and to make the decision to grant
Georgia the status of an EU membership candidate", while Zurabishvili said, "You can try to frighten countries but that doesn't mean you change their orientation, that you change their determination
1787:
As
President of Georgia, Zurabishvili has visited many countries where she has represented her homeland and advocated for its interests, and met with foreign leaders. On 25 September 2019, Zurabishvili addressed the 74th session of the UN General Assembly in New York. In her speech, she spoke about
1951:
As the first popularly elected woman president of
Georgia, Zourabichvili has advocated for women's rights and equality through social media and from political tribunes. She has organized a number of meetings and attended conferences aiming for the empowerment of women and young girls. On 5 October
1052:
late on 19 October 2005 after a series of disputes with members of
Parliament. She had also been heavily criticized by a number of Georgian ambassadors. Shortly before her dismissal was announced, Zourabichvili resigned from the French foreign service, which had continued to pay her a salary while
563:
in the 1970s and over three decades went on to occupy a variety of increasingly senior diplomatic positions. From 2003 to 2004, she served as the Ambassador of France to Georgia. In 2004, by mutual agreement between the presidents of France and Georgia, she accepted Georgian nationality and became
1236:
On 20 April 2017, during a TV interview, Zurabishvili said that "nothing is out of the question" about her participation in the 2018 presidential elections. At a briefing in her backyard on 6 August 2018, she voiced her desire to run in the election. On 16 August 2018, she officially launched her
1933:
announced that his party would launch impeachment proceedings against Zourabichvili, alleging violation of Constitution on her behalf. Kobakhidze claimed that the President violated Article 52 Paragraph A of the Constitution of Georgia, which stipulates that the President of Georgia may exercise
1255:
were held on 23 October 2018. Zurabishvili received 38.64% of the vote (615,572 votes) and secured a place in the second round of elections against the United Opposition candidate. The second round of the presidential election was held on 28 November. Zurabishvili received 59.52% of the vote
1968:"Violence is unacceptable. I condemn today's events and any form of violence over difference of ideas or gender identity. Everyone has the constitutional right to express their opinion. I call on all to act within the Constitution and not provoke violence through radical actions.
3434:"Violence is unacceptable. I condemn today's events and any form of violence over difference of ideas or gender identity. Everyone has the constitutional right to express their opinion. I call on all to act within the Constitution and not provoke violence through radical actions"
758:
In 1970, she joined the International Section of Sciences Po, a path toward diplomatic service accessed only by a minority of the 4,000 students at the Institute, of which a third were women. She studied under a number of well-known French professors, such as historians
1964:
Following attacks on the offices of Tbilisi Pride by anti-LGBT protesters on 5 July 2021, in which a number of journalists, activists and passersby were injured, Zourabichvili condemned the violence and visited injured journalists in hospital. She subsequently tweeted:
1952:
2019, she hosted a meeting of women leaders from Georgia, Belgium and France, later saying on Twitter: "The role of women in our society is crucial and their contribution to our political, cultural, entrepreneurial and educational circles is key to our development."
1905:
Despite being endorsed by the ruling Georgian Dream party during the 2018 presidential election, Zourabichvili has become increasingly alienated from the governing party in the following years, which led to the President's inter-institutional conflict with the
1598:
Zurabishvili's first annual report as President was presented to the 9th convocation of Parliament on 6 March 2019. The European Georgia faction did not attend the president's speech. In her speech, Zurabishvili focused on her visits abroad.
691:
since the 1921 fall of the Democratic Republic of Georgia. Raised in a prominent emigrant family with close ties to the government-in-exile of Georgia, the diaspora was the only contact she had in her childhood with the country, once stating:
1077:
suggested that she would garner 23.1% of the votes at presidential elections. Since October 2007, her party was part of the United Opposition alliance which nominated Zourabichvili as a Prospective Prime Minister in case of their candidate
1444:
The event was attended by a total of 1800 guests. According to the decision of the organizers, all guests, except those with health problems, stood on their feet. Among those present at the inauguration were the 4th President of Georgia
1248:, dual citizens cannot hold the office of president, prime minister or Speaker of Parliament. On 9 September 2018, the Georgian Dream party announced its support for Zurabishvili's independent candidacy for the presidential elections.
700:
At 8 years old, she met her first visitor from Georgia during a visit to Paris by a Georgian ballet troupe, a meeting held in secret because of the repressive nature of the Soviet authorities organizing the visit. In an interview with
778:
In a letter of recommendation by Sciences Po Secretary-General René Henry-Gréard, the latter described her as a student who, despite her "shyness", possessed "exceptional qualities" and predicted a great future for her. She joined
1888:
Changes have also led to abolishing the presidential fund which amounted to ₾5 million and funded scholarships, educational programs and various other projects. This decision has been widely criticized with former President
1000:
As foreign minister of Georgia, Zourabichvili was the main negotiator of the agreement for the withdrawal of Russian military bases from the territory of Georgia, which was signed with Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs
2046:. The EU had already warned Georgia's parliament against passing the law. Two weeks later, on 28 May, the parliament by a vote of 84 to 4 overturned the presidential veto and irrevocably approved the legislation.
6785:
843:
journalist) and Théïmouraz (a French diplomat). In 1993 she married her second husband Janri Kashia, an influential Georgian writer and journalist who was a political refugee in France. Kashia died in 2012.
822:, and the causes for that fall. In that post, she academically analyzed the progress of the European Union in times of crisis. A student would later describe her classes as "encouraging important debates".
1791:
In January 2020 she visited Belgium, and in February she visited France and Afghanistan. She has also visited the leaders of Ukraine, Armenia, Germany, Poland, Latvia, Azerbaijan and many other countries.
2031:
and media outlets to disclose the sources of their funding and, if they receive more than 20% of their funding from abroad, to register themselves as "agents of foreign influence". This caused the
1096:
On 12 November 2010, Zourabichvili announced her withdrawal from the leadership of Georgia's Way. She was succeeded by Kakha Seturidze. After a two-year leave from politics, she publicly endorsed
1085:
As part of a 2009 campaign of the Georgian opposition to force President Mikheil Saakashvili to resign, Zourabichvili led a protest march together with three other prominent opposition figures –
1244:
On 23 August 2018, two months before the elections, Zurabishvili relinquished her French citizenship, which she had to renounce to participate in the presidential election. According to the
4196:
1830:
in May 2022, Zourabichvili stated that Georgia was in full compliance with the international financial sanctions on Russia and wanted a "quicker and shorter path towards integration"
2294:
1751:. During the meeting, the health measures taken by Georgia during the pandemic and issues related to the COVID-19 vaccine were discussed. On 26 January 2021, Zurabishvili met with
696:
In the years before the Iron Curtain fell, there was no contact with Georgia – no letters, no newspapers, no visits. For us, it was a mythical country, which only existed in books.
2378:
2341:
864:
Zourabichvili abandoned her studies to join the French diplomatic service in 1974. She quickly became a career diplomat and was sent as Third Secretary to the French Embassy in
3128:
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2027:
propaganda, requires people to disclose when they lobby in the U.S. on behalf of foreign governments or foreign political entities. The bill, in draft form, would oblige all
648:. Her father, Levan Zourabichvili, a career engineer, served for many years as chairman of the Georgian Association of France (AGF). Levan is the maternal grandson of
1069:
In November 2005, Zourabichvili set up the organization 'Salomé Zourabichvili's Movement'. In January 2006 she announced the establishment of a new political party
6805:
6725:
6645:
1881:. On 18 December 2018 she visited the Atoneli residence for the first time. The media met her at the entrance, emphasizing the fact that she walked to the office.
986:
nominated her as Minister of Foreign Affairs in his new government. Zourabichvili became the first woman to be appointed to this post in Georgia on 18 March 2004.
3058:
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544:, in office since December 2018. She is the first woman to be elected as Georgia's president, a position she will occupy for a term of six years. As a result of
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2155:
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1104:. Shortly after, Georgia's Central Election Commission refused to register her as a presidential candidate due to her dual Georgian-French citizenship.
3106:
755:'s reforms as a "triumph", while a professor described her as a "very smart student who quickly learned the methodology and know-how of the program".
904:
873:
2038:
Salome Zurabishvili, supported the protesters and said she would veto the bill if it came to that. The parliament withdrew the bill after protests.
6840:
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3451:"ქვეყანაში, რომლის მოსახლეობის 80% ევროპული გზის მომხრეა, წარმოუდგენელია პრორუსული, ჰომოფობური და ძალადობრივი ჯგუფების მოქმედება იყოს არამართული"
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agreed. He not only liked the idea, but was enthusiastic about trying it out...This was not a defection, it was the marriage of both my parts...
1290:
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Salome Zourabichvili has one brother, Othar Zourabichvili, a doctor, writer and chairman of the AGF since 2006. They are cousins of historian
660:. Her mother Zeïnab Kedia (1921–2016) was a daughter of Melkisedek Kedia, head of the Security Service of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
4246:
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1119:. She became MP on 18 November. During her term as MP, She was Deputy chairwoman of parliamentary committee on Diaspora and Caucasus Issues.
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In June 2022, Zourabichvili condemned the homophobic protest by far-right groups in front of the EU delegation offices in Tbilisi.
1703:
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1408:
1204:
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1618:. By signing the document of Charles Michel, the representatives of the opposition and the government made political concessions.
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1640:
1538:
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568:(MFA), she negotiated a treaty that led to the withdrawal of Russian forces from the undisputed parts of the Georgian mainland.
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6845:
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2079:
895:, working in the political and military section and focusing on US-Soviet affairs. It was during this posting that she visited
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on 19 May 2005. During her tenure as Foreign Minister, the "New Group of Friends of Georgia" was created, bringing together
4223:
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584:
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1755:, Co-Chair of the Geneva International Talks, EU Special Representative for the South Caucasus and the Crisis in Georgia.
664:
652:(1843–1928), a businessman, philanthropist and Georgian politician of the late 19th century who served as a member of the
632:
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1992:
1980:
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She has said that choosing a career in diplomacy was linked with hopes to one day being instrumental in helping Georgia.
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1914:. In at least two occasions, the Government banned the President from traveling abroad, preventing her from visiting
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2020:
1935:
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Zourabichvili returned to Sciences Po in 2006, this time as a professor shortly after her departure as Georgian
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were present at the dinner at the Presidential Palace. The dinner was attended by the EU Ambassador to Georgia
884:
645:
3367:"Today, I had the pleasure to host women leaders from Georgia, Belgium, and France at the @GeorgiaPres Palace"
2559:
1606:. Representatives of the ruling team as well as the opposition parties who signed the Charles Michel document
919:
6825:
4479:
2028:
1237:
presidential campaign from the house-museum of her ancestor Niko Nikoladze in the village of Didi Jikhaishi,
771:, the latter two being the only women teaching at Sciences Po. Zourabichvili concentrated her studies on the
4803:
1877:
in the Avlabari Palace, but her administration moved into the Orbeliani Palace on Atoneli street in Central
1602:
On 20 April 2021, Zurabishvili hosted an official dinner in honor of the President of the European Council,
1477:
to call for historically-important decisions, including a new investigation into the controversial death of
953:
Between 2003 and 2004, Zourabichvili was Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of France to Georgia.
719:
4521:
1866:
1261:
707:, she said she felt comfortable "straddling the two cultures", attending French schools while going to the
641:
6352:
6043:
4381:
2764:
540:; born 18 March 1952) is a French-Georgian politician and former diplomat, currently serving as the fifth
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2008:
1807:
1278:
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to the palace by car, and her children – Teimuraz and Ketevan Gorgestani – drove her to the red carpet.
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Zourabichvili announced during the presidential campaign that, if elected, she would not work from the
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results that allowed her "the privilege of a direct admission in the terrible preparatory year" of the
3757:"Anastasiadis: The demands of the Turkish side for changing the agreed solution base are unacceptable"
3408:"Media Attacked, Hospitalized While Covering Violent Protests in Tbilisi | Voice of America – English"
559:
Zourabichvili was born in Paris, France, into a family of Georgian political refugees. She joined the
3690:
2712:
1744:
2993:
640:
Salome Zourabichvili was born into a family of Georgian emigrants that fled to France following the
619:
against Zourabichvili in September 2023, but they failed to gather sufficient votes to impeach her.
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1984:
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1983:, Zourabichvili and many other opposition politicians voiced support for the establishment of a
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for the first time in 1986, taking her mother with her. Between 1988 and 1989, she was sent to
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until 1980. Working under seasoned diplomat Jacques Leprette, she saw France twice preside the
752:
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348:
260:
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3107:"New Georgian president will have less funding: details on the inauguration and new residence"
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2016:
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1446:
788:
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580:
217:
116:
5565:
3288:"Hearings on the presidential impeachment case begin in the Constitutional Court of Georgia"
3181:"Georgian government to file lawsuit against president for allegedly violating constitution"
41:
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Will Georgia's Ruling Party Use Super-Majority For Common Good Or To Further Own Interests?
2348:, June 4, 2004 : "I was surprised. But without thinking I said yes, on condition that
2088:
1788:
the occupation, the ongoing political processes in Georgia, healthcare and climate change.
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In 1992, Zourabichvili was appointed First Secretary to the Permanent Mission of France to
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8:
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2433:"Georgian president: in my childhood I never thought I'd return to France as a president"
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2270:
Zourabichvili uses the French transliteration of her surname; English transliteration is
1870:
1772:
1466:
1319:
1079:
979:
814:, teaching the foreign policy of large powers, the post-Soviet world, the development of
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Salomé Nino Zourabichvili was born in Paris on 18 March 1952 and was raised within the
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176:
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1926:, the bill extending scope and time limits for covert investigations and other bills.
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she was minister, and announced that she would remain in Georgia to go into politics.
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3262:"Updated: Day 3 of the Constitutional Court Deliberation on President's Impeachment"
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and the EU. She remarked that both France under Macron and Germany under Scholz had
1814:
the country made a formal application to the EU for membership. The chairman of the
1806:
Popular opinion in Georgia hardened against Russia in the wake of the February 2022
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3314:"Georgia's Constitutional Court authorizes impeachment procedure against president"
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constitution and all European standards,” suggesting it could prevent Georgia from
1854:
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changes coming into effect in 2024, Zourabichvili is expected to be Georgia's last
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4059:
4024:
3583:
2928:
2855:
2328:
1615:
1470:
1295:
1283:
1257:
1086:
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615:. The inter-institutional conflict eventually led to the Parliament launching an
596:
520:
512:
96:
6039:
5719:
4678:
4395:
3872:
2662:
907:, leading the French negotiating team for the reduction of conventional forces.
730:
656:
and was an influential leader of the Georgian liberal intelligentsia during the
6229:
6035:
5933:
5919:
5616:
5388:
5201:
5074:
4865:
4735:
4493:
4034:
4014:
3932:
3823:
3794:
3468:
2905:
2890:
2349:
2012:
1815:
1776:
1659:. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced
1603:
1522:. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced
1462:
1364:. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced
1307:
1160:. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced
1097:
1030:
941:
In 1996 and 1997, she held the post of Technical Adviser at the Cabinet of the
825:
She is the first student and professor of Sciences Po to become head of state.
768:
657:
649:
600:
441:
296:
156:
3756:
3044:
934:
in Brussels, before becoming Deputy Permanent Representative of France to the
915:
579:
political party, which she led until 2010. Ultimately, she was elected to the
6714:
6545:
6517:
6450:
6436:
6380:
6366:
6294:
6257:
6172:
6002:
5472:
5330:
5287:
5158:
4621:
4574:
4296:
3937:
3045:"Putin's next target? Interview with Georgian President Salome Zourabichvili"
2125:
1611:
1002:
869:
741:
6687:
6559:
6394:
6324:
6186:
6116:
6056:
6031:
6023:
6008:
5891:
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5529:
5487:
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5186:
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5102:
4889:
4845:
4793:
4721:
4607:
4536:
4319:
2869:
1894:
1800:
971:
599:. During her presidential campaign Zurabichvili was endorsed by the ruling
3156:"Georgian president breaks with ruling party in bid to boost EU prospects"
966:
6531:
6181:
6018:
5876:
5579:
5430:
5325:
5297:
5258:
5253:
5088:
4903:
4778:
4764:
4588:
2488:[Leuville-sur-Orge, cradle of the Georgian community in France].
837:
economist Nicolas Gorjestani, Zourabichvili has two children: Kéthévane (
772:
747:
736:
480:
3603:"EU urges Georgia to withdraw 'foreign agent' bill as protests continue"
2977:
Former Georgian Foreign Minister Zurabishvili Endorses Saakashvili Rival
989:
Zourabichvili was the Coordinator of the Panel of Experts assisting the
591:
as an independent candidate and prevailed in a run-off vote against the
6699:
6682:
6408:
6125:
5942:
5842:
5833:
5635:
5621:
5524:
5411:
5383:
5153:
5139:
5055:
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5027:
4965:
4859:
4831:
4716:
4688:
4645:
4531:
4362:
3519:"Georgian police use tear gas on protests against 'foreign agents' law"
2687:
1768:
1740:
1112:
887:, she went back to the United States in 1984 as First Secretary to the
834:
6786:
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni
3390:"Organizers of Georgia's first Pride defiant amid threats of violence"
2295:"Presidential Candidate Apologizes for Unethical Address to Reporters"
6473:
6338:
6319:
6299:
6252:
6195:
6047:
5800:
5339:
5311:
5083:
4702:
4353:
3454:
3450:
2486:"Leuville-sur-Orge, berceau de la communauté géorgienne francilienne"
2432:
2023:
of 1938, still in force, which, with the aim of exposing at the time
1010:
839:
66:
3469:"Civil.Ge – Politicians Comment on Constitutional Monarchy Proposal"
767:, her cousin Hélène Carrère d'Encausse and the international lawyer
6512:
6445:
6417:
6375:
6224:
6153:
6111:
5988:
5974:
5900:
5574:
5466:
5267:
5210:
5196:
5002:
4932:
4502:
4446:
4348:
4305:
3559:
3261:
3233:"Georgian Dream Launches Impeachment Proceedings Against President"
3232:
1850:
1026:
872:
and François Puaux, after which she became Second Secretary to the
792:
564:
the Foreign Minister of Georgia. During her tenure at the Georgian
552:
president; future heads of state are to be elected indirectly by a
2461:[Zeinab Kedia, mother of Salome Zourabichvili, has died].
6694:
6670:
6596:
6459:
6389:
6333:
6086:
5914:
5828:
5728:
5714:
5686:
5644:
5630:
5588:
5538:
5510:
5496:
5482:
5425:
5224:
5181:
4960:
4875:
4817:
4759:
4730:
4616:
4488:
4404:
4334:
4263:
3789:
3640:
3607:
3374:
2960:"The Messenger – Opposition Leader takes UN Security Council job"
1996:
1915:
1878:
1858:
1827:
1811:
1454:
1238:
1116:
1022:
1018:
1006:
910:
In 1989–1992, she became Second Adviser to the French Embassy in
815:
469:
3805:
3785:
3129:"Margvelashvili Calls on Gov't Not to Abolish Presidential Fund"
6403:
6347:
6266:
6238:
6072:
5960:
5928:
5886:
5786:
5770:
5700:
5658:
5602:
5367:
5125:
4988:
4974:
4773:
4659:
4559:
4277:
2170:
1919:
1780:
1034:
1014:
900:
885:
Policy Planning Staff of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
883:
After returning to Paris where she worked as an officer of the
3664:[17 April 2003 Decree on Promotions and Nominations].
3340:"Georgian parliament fails to impeach President Zourabichvili"
2002:
1282:
Zourabichvili addressing the nation on the anniversary of the
6582:
6568:
6554:
6361:
6209:
5814:
5756:
5440:
5353:
5239:
5069:
5041:
4917:
4744:
4630:
4602:
4545:
4516:
4460:
4291:
2611:"PRESIDENT ZOURABICHVILI'S DAUGHTER APPOINTED TO WHITE HOUSE"
1111:
Zourabichvili won a seat as an independent, representing the
723:
Salome Zourabichvili studied at Sciences Po from 1969 to 1972
3085:"Salome Zurabishvili arrives at Atoneli Presidential Palace"
2638:"Inside Macron's diplomacy: Tension, turf wars and burnouts"
1065:
Zourabichvili with opposition leader Goga Khaindrava in 2009
6498:
6431:
6139:
5167:
5111:
5097:
4946:
4673:
4390:
2106:
2024:
1038:
931:
911:
865:
607:, Zourabichvili has become increasingly alienated from the
3537:"Georgians protest against draft law on media, nonprofits"
2851:
Frenchwoman frontrunner to become Georgia's next president
3662:"Décret du 17 avril 2003 portant promotion et nomination"
3635:
3631:"Georgia parliament overturns veto on foreign agents law"
3491:"Georgia drops foreign agents law after massive protests"
2586:"SALOMÉ ZOURABICHVILI A PORTRAIT AND EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW"
1306:
Zourabichvili with the President of the European Council
914:. Her term there coincided with the takeover of power by
6646:
GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development
2246:
by Salome Zourabichvili (Édition François Bourin, 2010)
2220:
by Salome Zourabichvili (Édition François Bourin, 2008)
4245:
3731:"VISIT OF THE PRESIDENT OF GEORGIA AT THE PATRIARCHATE"
2942:
Georgian Opposition Mulls More Radical Forms Of Protest
1042:
2994:
Georgia Election Board Rejects Former Foreign Minister
2787:
2785:
1929:
On 1 September 2023, the head of Georgian Dream party
1267:
1082:'s victory in the January 2008 presidential election.
6731:
21st-century women politicians from Georgia (country)
2515:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 38.
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2007:
In 2023, a law draft was submitted by the parties of
3555:"Thousands protest at Georgian 'foreign agent' bill"
2459:"სალომე ზურაბიშვილის დედა, ზეინაბ კედია გარდაიცვალა"
3584:"Georgia drops 'foreign agents' law after protests"
3131:. Georgiatoday.ge. 10 December 2018. Archived from
3061:. Georgiatoday.ge. 29 November 2018. Archived from
3031:"Georgia speeds up EU application in policy U-turn"
2782:
2331:
briefly served as acting president on two occasions
2156:
Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
851:, Zourabichvili speaks fluent English and Italian.
2922:Quentin Peel and Isabel Gorst (31 October 2007), "
2906:"Civil.Ge – Foreign Minister Zourabichvili Sacked"
2379:"A Georgian Reborn, Still Straddling Two Cultures"
2355:
571:After a falling-out with Georgia's then president
3902:
2765:"Opposition Leader takes UN Security Council job"
2738:"Extrait de la fiche de Mme Salomé ZOURABICHVILI"
905:Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
6712:
2342:A Georgian Reborn, Still Straddling Two Cultures
2233:by Salome Zourabichvili (Édition Grasset, 2009)
2194:by Salome Zourabichvili (Édition Grasset, 2006)
1873:. After her election, she met with the outgoing
903:as First Secretary to the French Mission to the
6806:Women government ministers of Georgia (country)
6726:21st-century politicians from Georgia (country)
3364:
2554:
2552:
1093:and Eka Beselia – in Tbilisi on 26 March 2009.
925:
2887:A Georgian victory as Russia will quit 2 bases
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
1946:
1122:
961:
529:
6629:
4231:
3985:First Secretaries of Georgian Communist Party
3888:
3466:
2762:
2510:
2035:in the country and the draft was withdrawn.
3153:
2560:"SALOMÉ ZOURABICHVILI, ALUMNA AND PRESIDENT"
1779:during the 2021 International Conference in
833:From her first marriage to Iranian-American
728:
668:
230:18 November 2016 – 22 December 2018
3717:"Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana"
3547:
3525:. 7 March 2023 – via www.reuters.com.
3387:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2529:
2019:. The law was ostensibly based on the U.S.
1318:Zourabichvili with the Ukrainian president
1260:to become the first woman president in the
1048:Zourabichvili was sacked by Prime Minister
970:Zourabichvili with U.S. Secretary of State
622:
6736:Ambassadors of France to Georgia (country)
6636:
6622:
4238:
4224:
3895:
3881:
3601:Gray, Andrew; Light, Felix (16 May 2024).
3488:
3059:"Where Will Georgia's New President Live?"
2483:
1869:, opened in 2009 during the Presidency of
1857:is the official presidential residence in
1481:, the country's first president, in 1993.
1473:and representatives of other delegations.
1256:(1,147,625 votes), defeating her opponent
828:
675:, and philosopher François Zourabichvili.
587:as an independent. In 2018, Zourabichvili
40:
3600:
3207:"Georgian president to go on veto streak"
2763:Tsotniashvili, Etuna (12 November 2010).
2667:National Parliamentary Library of Georgia
1767:Salome Zourabichvili, Moldovan President
1739:On 22 December 2020, Zurabishvili hosted
1723:Learn how and when to remove this message
1586:Learn how and when to remove this message
1428:Learn how and when to remove this message
1224:Learn how and when to remove this message
868:until 1977, under the ambassadorships of
727:At the age of 17, Zourabichvili received
189:11 March 2006 – 12 November 2010
3628:
3529:
3484:
3482:
2811:
2376:
2151:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem
1849:
1845:
1842:and now embraced expansionary policies.
1794:
1762:
1313:
1301:
1294:Zourabichvili with the French president
1289:
1277:
1060:
965:
948:
938:, still in Brussels, from 1993 to 1996.
859:
718:
631:
136:20 March 2004 – 18 October 2005
6841:Members of the Georgian Orthodox Church
6836:Eastern Orthodox Christians from France
6756:Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
6588:Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II
3952:Chairmen of the Revolutionary Committee
3256:
3254:
2862:
2583:
2207:by Salome Zourabichvili (Litera, 2005)
1621:
427: 1993; died 2012)
6801:Women diplomats from Georgia (country)
6713:
3685:
3683:
3594:
2635:
2136:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
2134:Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the
2080:National Order of the Legion of Honour
1941:
1775:and President of the European Council
1037:to help Georgia's aspirations towards
611:, which has also heightened after the
6617:
4219:
3876:
3581:
3489:Megrelidze, Sophiko (10 March 2023).
3479:
3028:
2843:
874:Permanent Mission of France to the UN
812:Paris School of International Affairs
791:, trained her on Soviet politics and
535:
519:
288:October 2003 – 20 March 2004
3622:
3251:
3037:
3033:. Guardian News & Media Limited.
3022:
1625:
1488:
1330:
1126:
956:
943:Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris
737:Paris Institute of Political Studies
4247:Current heads of state of republics
3680:
3365:@Zourabichvili_S (5 October 2019).
3154:Gabritchidze, Nini (23 June 2022).
2924:Liberal laboratory at Russia's door
2903:
1981:2008 Georgian presidential election
1747:Regional Office for Europe, at the
1451:Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia
1268:President of Georgia (2018–present)
1056:
854:
714:
636:Niko Nikoladze and his family, 1902
605:2020–2021 Georgian political crisis
13:
6766:Monarchists from Georgia (country)
4096:
4088:
3995:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
3990:
3962:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
3957:
3922:
2513:Deleuze: A Philosophy of the Event
2484:Piffaretti, Alain (22 July 2022).
1885:them remaining in administration.
1484:
1274:Presidency of Salomé Zourabichvili
889:French Embassy in Washington, D.C.
880:in October 1978 and January 1980.
801:
14:
6857:
6751:French people of Georgian descent
6215:Transitional Presidential Council
3779:
2049:
2003:Anti-"foreign agents" bill vetoed
1838:which ante-dated the August 2008
1758:
554:parliamentary college of electors
521:[sa.lɔ.mezu.ʁa.biʃ.vi.li]
6831:First women presidents in Europe
6771:Feminists from Georgia (country)
6693:
6681:
6669:
6657:
6595:
6581:
6567:
6553:
6539:
6525:
6511:
6497:
6472:
6458:
6444:
6430:
6416:
6402:
6388:
6374:
6360:
6346:
6332:
6318:
6293:
6279:
6265:
6251:
6237:
6223:
6208:
6194:
6180:
6166:
6152:
6138:
6124:
6110:
6085:
6071:
6055:
6017:
6001:
5987:
5973:
5959:
5941:
5927:
5913:
5899:
5885:
5869:
5855:
5841:
5827:
5813:
5799:
5785:
5769:
5755:
5741:
5727:
5713:
5699:
5685:
5671:
5657:
5643:
5629:
5615:
5601:
5587:
5573:
5551:
5537:
5523:
5509:
5495:
5481:
5465:
5439:
5424:
5410:
5396:
5382:
5366:
5352:
5338:
5324:
5310:
5296:
5280:
5266:
5252:
5238:
5223:
5209:
5195:
5180:
5166:
5152:
5138:
5124:
5110:
5096:
5082:
5068:
5054:
5040:
5026:
5001:
4987:
4973:
4959:
4945:
4931:
4923:Transitional Sovereignty Council
4916:
4902:
4888:
4874:
4858:
4844:
4830:
4816:
4802:
4786:
4772:
4758:
4743:
4729:
4715:
4701:
4687:
4672:
4658:
4644:
4629:
4615:
4601:
4587:
4573:
4558:
4544:
4530:
4515:
4501:
4487:
4473:
4459:
4445:
4431:
4417:
4403:
4389:
4375:
4361:
4347:
4333:
4318:
4304:
4290:
4276:
4262:
3735:Jerusalem Patriarchate News Gate
3629:Demytrie, Rayhan (28 May 2024).
3467:Civil Georgia (8 October 2007).
2511:Zourabichvili, François (2012).
2163:
2143:
2124:
2105:
2087:
2068:
1630:
1493:
1335:
1131:
616:
575:, in 2006 Zourabichvili founded
494:
403:
3749:
3723:
3709:
3654:
3575:
3511:
3460:
3444:
3426:
3400:
3381:
3358:
3332:
3306:
3280:
3225:
3199:
3173:
3147:
3121:
3109:. jam-news.net. 4 December 2018
3099:
3077:
3051:
3047:. DW News. YouTube. 3 May 2022.
3016:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3004:
2998:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2987:
2981:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2970:
2952:
2946:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2935:
2916:
2897:
2880:
2756:
2730:
2705:
2680:
2655:
2636:Momtaz, Rym (28 October 2020).
2629:
2603:
2577:
2504:
2465:(in Georgian). 22 February 2016
2021:Foreign Agents Registration Act
1955:
1936:Constitutional Court of Georgia
1810:, and on 3 March together with
1326:
920:coup d'état supported by France
810:. She worked until 2014 at the
424:
399:
277:Ambassador of France to Georgia
16:President of Georgia since 2018
6796:The Way of Georgia politicians
3927:Democratic Republic of Georgia
3913:Democratic Republic of Georgia
3010:Liz Fuller (1 November 2016),
2849:Henry Foy (25 October 2018), "
2717:Council of Women World Leaders
2477:
2451:
2425:
2396:
2377:Boustany, Nora (4 June 2004).
2334:
2317:
2287:
2264:
2029:non-governmental organizations
1908:Second Garibashvili government
1900:
1897:campaigning for it to remain.
787:, at the time director of the
646:Democratic Republic of Georgia
603:party; however, following the
1:
6846:21st-century women presidents
4480:Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
3029:Beard, Nadia (7 March 2022).
2799:(in French). 29 November 2001
2584:Gibbons, Jim (9 March 2020).
2404:"Mort de Levan Zourabichvili"
2280:
1823:to keep their independence."
537:[ˈsaɫomeˈzuɾabiʃʷili]
6746:Foreign ministers of Georgia
3582:Kirby, Paul (9 March 2023).
3388:Alex Cooper (19 June 2019).
1867:Avlabari Presidential Palace
1641:biography of a living person
1504:biography of a living person
1346:biography of a living person
1142:biography of a living person
1109:2016 parliamentary elections
926:Brussels and return to Paris
775:and graduated in July 1972.
687:, settled between Paris and
685:Georgian community in France
7:
6244:Andrés Manuel López Obrador
5862:Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova
4093:Flag of Georgia (1990–2004)
3831:Minister of Foreign Affairs
2870:"სალომე ზურაბიშვილი (1952)"
1974:
1947:Women's rights and equality
1808:Russian invasion of Ukraine
1736:an extension until 21 May.
1661:must be removed immediately
1524:must be removed immediately
1366:must be removed immediately
1162:must be removed immediately
1123:2018 presidential candidacy
1102:2013 presidential elections
962:Minister of Foreign Affairs
808:Minister of Foreign Affairs
627:
566:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
124:Minister of Foreign Affairs
10:
6862:
6816:Women presidents in Europe
3668:(in French). 17 April 2003
3087:. 1tv.ge. 18 December 2018
2413:. 1 April 1975. p. 16
2218:Les cicatrices des nations
2117:Order of the Star of Italy
2044:joining the European Union
1271:
667:, who was a member of the
6652:
6488:
6353:Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
6309:
6101:
6044:Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
5456:
5017:
4382:Faustin-Archange Touadéra
4253:
4204:
4150:
4101:Standard of the President
4077:
3979:
3946:
3911:
3864:
3855:
3847:
3837:
3828:
3820:
3815:
1826:During an interview with
669:
665:Hélène Carrère d'Encausse
561:French diplomatic service
530:
502:
490:
476:
461:
453:
447:Hélène Carrère d'Encausse
437:
380:
364:
354:
331:
326:
322:
312:
302:
292:
281:
276:
266:
254:
244:
234:
223:
215:
205:
193:
182:
174:
162:
150:
140:
129:
122:
110:
86:
74:
63:
55:
51:
39:
30:
23:
6821:French women ambassadors
6741:Female foreign ministers
5706:Katerina Sakellaropoulou
5516:Alexander Van der Bellen
2299:Georgia Today on the Web
2257:
2192:Une femme pour deux pays
2185:
2099:Ordre national du Mérite
995:Iran Sanctions Committee
709:Georgian church of Paris
678:
623:Family and personal life
593:United National Movement
31:
5906:Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
5692:Frank-Walter Steinmeier
2244:L’exigence démocratique
1985:constitutional monarchy
1924:Georgia's National Bank
1608:Charles Michel document
1246:Constitution of Georgia
829:Family and private life
761:Jean-Baptiste Duroselle
654:Social-Democratic Party
46:Official portrait, 2024
6776:Politicians from Paris
5317:Tharman Shanmugaratnam
4694:Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
4207:* Acting head of state
4102:
4094:
3996:
3963:
3928:
3691:"Zourabichvili Salomé"
2793:"Salomé Zourabichvili"
2615:Business Media Georgia
2231:La tragédie géorgienne
1893:and former First Lady
1862:
1803:
1784:
1771:, Ukrainian President
1672:"Salome Zourabichvili"
1655:Please help by adding
1614:and the US Ambassador
1535:"Salome Zourabichvili"
1518:Please help by adding
1377:"Salome Zourabichvili"
1360:Please help by adding
1323:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1253:presidential elections
1173:"Salome Zourabichvili"
1156:Please help by adding
1066:
975:
936:Western European Union
729:
724:
698:
642:1921 Red Army invasion
637:
617:impeachment proceeding
613:2023 Georgian protests
516:
6811:Female heads of state
6781:Presidents of Georgia
6131:Rodrigo Chaves Robles
5820:Myriam Spiteri Debono
5608:Nikos Christodoulides
5403:Serdar Berdimuhamedow
5216:Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh
5145:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
4881:Hassan Sheikh Mohamud
4823:Bassirou Diomaye Faye
4750:Abdourahamane Tchiani
4708:Prithvirajsing Roopun
4340:Évariste Ndayishimiye
4100:
4092:
3994:
3961:
3926:
3851:Giorgi Margvelashvili
2325:Speaker of Parliament
2177:Order of Makarios III
2017:Parliament of Georgia
1979:In the course of the
1891:Giorgi Margvelashvili
1853:
1846:Residence and funding
1798:
1766:
1650:references or sources
1513:references or sources
1447:Giorgi Margvelashvili
1355:references or sources
1317:
1305:
1293:
1281:
1151:references or sources
1064:
969:
949:Ambassador to Georgia
860:Diplomatic beginnings
789:Trilateral Commission
722:
694:
635:
218:Parliament of Georgia
117:Giorgi Margvelashvili
6826:Zourabichvili family
6664:Salome Zourabichvili
6078:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
5678:Salome Zourabichvili
5544:Alexander Lukashenko
5345:Ranil Wickremesinghe
5033:Mohammed Shahabuddin
4580:Umaro Sissoco Embaló
4466:Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
4438:Denis Sassou Nguesso
4269:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
3858:President of Georgia
3795:Salome Zourabichvili
3786:Salome Zourabichvili
3318:The Kyiv Independent
2964:www.messenger.com.ge
2830:Sciences Po Academia
2411:Tavisuplebis Tribuna
2175:Grand Collar of the
1993:Patriarch of Georgia
1836:shifted their stance
1622:Coronavirus pandemic
1459:President of Armenia
1043:European integration
893:Emmanuel de Margerie
542:president of Georgia
517:Salomé Zourabichvili
509:Salome Zourabichvili
402: 1981;
58:President of Georgia
25:Salome Zourabichvili
6676:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
6602:Nikenike Vurobaravu
6574:Surangel Whipps Jr.
6092:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
6028:Karin Keller-Sutter
5502:Vahagn Khachaturyan
5173:Thongloun Sisoulith
4938:Samia Suluhu Hassan
4909:Salva Kiir Mayardit
4452:Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
3697:. 29 September 2019
3394:washingtonblade.com
3135:on 26 December 2018
3065:on 26 December 2018
3019:, 3 September 2013.
3001:, 3 September 2013.
2797:Intelligence Online
2383:The Washington Post
2346:The Washington Post
2323:In her capacity as
1942:Political positions
1871:Mikheil Saakashvili
1799:Zourabichvili with
1773:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
1467:President of France
1320:Volodymyr Zelenskyy
1080:Levan Gachechiladze
991:UN Security Council
980:Mikhail Saakashvili
878:UN Security Council
847:Besides French and
785:Zbigniew Brzezinski
783:in 1972–1973 where
781:Columbia University
704:The Washington Post
609:Georgian government
581:Georgian Parliament
573:Mikheil Saakashvili
485:Columbia University
444:(great-grandfather)
360:French (until 2018)
256:Parliamentary group
145:Mikheil Saakashvili
101:Irakli Garibashvili
6791:Sciences Po alumni
6504:Wiliame Katonivere
6286:Christine Kangaloo
6063:Vadim Krasnoselsky
5748:Michael D. Higgins
5417:Shavkat Mirziyoyev
5245:Ram Chandra Poudel
5117:Abdul Latif Rashid
5008:Emmerson Mnangagwa
4994:Hakainde Hichilema
4103:
4095:
3997:
3964:
3929:
3904:Leaders of Georgia
3816:Political offices
3761:News Bulletin 24/7
3695:Mémoires de Guerre
3666:Legifrance.gouv.fr
3239:. 1 September 2023
3213:. 24 February 2023
2826:"Curriculum Vitae"
2742:LesBiographies.com
2439:. 18 February 2019
2305:on 31 October 2020
2078:Chevalière of the
1989:Bagrationi dynasty
1863:
1840:Russo-Georgian War
1804:
1785:
1743:, Director of the
1639:This section of a
1502:This section of a
1479:Zviad Gamsakhurdia
1449:and his wife, the
1344:This section of a
1324:
1312:
1300:
1288:
1262:History of Georgia
1140:This section of a
1067:
976:
725:
671:Académie Française
638:
577:The Way of Georgia
531:სალომე ზურაბიშვილი
389:Nicolas Gorjestani
177:The Way of Georgia
33:სალომე ზურაბიშვილი
6708:
6707:
6611:
6610:
6145:Miguel Díaz-Canel
5994:Nataša Pirc Musar
5762:Sergio Mattarella
5734:Halla Tómasdóttir
5562:Željka Cvijanović
4594:Alassane Ouattara
4311:Mokgweetsi Masisi
4213:
4212:
4208:
4084:
3986:
3953:
3918:
3871:
3870:
3841:Gela Bezhuashvili
3838:Succeeded by
3763:. 9 November 2021
3737:. 22 January 2020
3346:. 18 October 2023
3320:. 16 October 2023
2590:Europe Diplomatic
2522:978-0-7486-4562-6
2213:978-9941-21-321-2
2183:
2182:
2097:Officière of the
1999:, had advocated.
1931:Irakli Kobakhidze
1820:Irakli Kobakhidze
1733:
1732:
1725:
1707:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1570:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1412:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1208:
1107:In the 8 October
1091:David Gamkrelidze
957:Georgian politics
891:under Ambassador
711:on the weekends.
689:Leuville-sur-Orge
589:ran for president
550:popularly elected
506:
505:
200:Party established
169:Gela Bezhuashvili
105:Irakli Kobakhidze
6853:
6698:
6697:
6686:
6685:
6674:
6673:
6662:
6661:
6638:
6631:
6624:
6615:
6614:
6604:
6600:
6599:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6576:
6572:
6571:
6562:
6558:
6557:
6548:
6544:
6543:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6520:
6516:
6515:
6506:
6502:
6501:
6481:
6477:
6476:
6467:
6465:Luis Lacalle Pou
6463:
6462:
6453:
6449:
6448:
6439:
6435:
6434:
6425:
6421:
6420:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6397:
6393:
6392:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6355:
6351:
6350:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6327:
6323:
6322:
6302:
6298:
6297:
6288:
6284:
6283:
6274:
6272:José Raúl Mulino
6270:
6269:
6260:
6256:
6255:
6246:
6242:
6241:
6232:
6228:
6227:
6218:
6213:
6212:
6203:
6201:Bernardo Arévalo
6199:
6198:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6161:
6157:
6156:
6147:
6143:
6142:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6119:
6115:
6114:
6094:
6090:
6089:
6080:
6076:
6075:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6050:
6022:
6021:
6012:
6006:
6005:
5996:
5992:
5991:
5982:
5980:Peter Pellegrini
5978:
5977:
5968:
5966:Aleksandar Vučić
5964:
5963:
5954:
5952:Milena Gasperoni
5948:Alessandro Rossi
5946:
5945:
5936:
5932:
5931:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5908:
5904:
5903:
5894:
5890:
5889:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5822:
5818:
5817:
5808:
5804:
5803:
5794:
5792:Edgars Rinkēvičs
5790:
5789:
5780:
5774:
5773:
5764:
5760:
5759:
5750:
5746:
5745:
5736:
5732:
5731:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5708:
5704:
5703:
5694:
5690:
5689:
5680:
5676:
5675:
5666:
5662:
5661:
5652:
5648:
5647:
5638:
5634:
5633:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5596:
5592:
5591:
5582:
5578:
5577:
5568:
5556:
5555:
5546:
5542:
5541:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5504:
5500:
5499:
5490:
5486:
5485:
5476:
5470:
5469:
5449:
5444:
5443:
5434:
5429:
5428:
5419:
5415:
5414:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5361:
5357:
5356:
5347:
5343:
5342:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5319:
5315:
5314:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5275:
5273:Asif Ali Zardari
5271:
5270:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5247:
5243:
5242:
5233:
5228:
5227:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5204:
5200:
5199:
5190:
5185:
5184:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5161:
5157:
5156:
5147:
5143:
5142:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5077:
5073:
5072:
5063:
5061:José Ramos-Horta
5059:
5058:
5049:
5045:
5044:
5035:
5031:
5030:
5010:
5006:
5005:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4982:
4978:
4977:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4954:
4952:Faure Gnassingbé
4950:
4949:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4897:
4893:
4892:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4869:
4863:
4862:
4853:
4851:Julius Maada Bio
4849:
4848:
4839:
4837:Wavel Ramkalawan
4835:
4834:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4811:
4809:Carlos Vila Nova
4807:
4806:
4797:
4791:
4790:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4753:
4748:
4747:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4724:
4720:
4719:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4682:
4677:
4676:
4667:
4665:Lazarus Chakwera
4663:
4662:
4653:
4649:
4648:
4639:
4636:Mohamed al-Menfi
4634:
4633:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4568:
4565:Mamady Doumbouya
4563:
4562:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4539:
4535:
4534:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4510:
4508:Sahle-Work Zewde
4506:
4505:
4496:
4492:
4491:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4454:
4450:
4449:
4440:
4436:
4435:
4426:
4424:Félix Tshisekedi
4422:
4421:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4384:
4380:
4379:
4370:
4368:José Maria Neves
4366:
4365:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4328:
4323:
4322:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4299:
4295:
4294:
4285:
4281:
4280:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4206:
4082:
3984:
3951:
3916:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3874:
3873:
3848:Preceded by
3821:Preceded by
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:Official website
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3658:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3598:
3592:
3591:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3568:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3497:Associated Press
3486:
3477:
3476:
3464:
3458:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3294:. 3 October 2023
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3268:. 5 October 2023
3258:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3020:
3008:
3002:
2991:
2985:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2956:
2950:
2939:
2933:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2904:Georgia, Civil.
2901:
2895:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2866:
2860:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2822:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2617:. 19 August 2022
2607:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2556:
2527:
2526:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2374:
2353:
2350:President Chirac
2338:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2301:. Archived from
2291:
2274:
2268:
2167:
2147:
2128:
2109:
2091:
2072:
2054:
2053:
1875:fourth President
1855:Orbeliani Palace
1749:Orbeliani Palace
1728:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1665:
1657:reliable sources
1634:
1633:
1626:
1609:
1591:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1528:
1520:reliable sources
1497:
1496:
1489:
1433:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1370:
1362:reliable sources
1339:
1338:
1331:
1229:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1207:
1166:
1158:reliable sources
1135:
1134:
1127:
1057:Political career
855:Career in France
820:fall of the USSR
734:
715:Higher education
674:
673:
539:
533:
532:
523:
498:
466:Orbeliani Palace
428:
426:
407:
405:
401:
345:
341:
339:
327:Personal details
315:
305:
286:
247:
240:Zaza Papuashvili
237:
228:
208:
196:
187:
165:
153:
134:
113:
93:Mamuka Bakhtadze
89:
82:16 December 2018
79:
44:
34:
21:
20:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6850:
6711:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6692:
6680:
6668:
6656:
6648:
6644:Leaders of the
6642:
6612:
6607:
6594:
6593:
6580:
6579:
6566:
6565:
6552:
6551:
6538:
6537:
6524:
6523:
6510:
6509:
6496:
6495:
6484:
6471:
6470:
6457:
6456:
6443:
6442:
6429:
6428:
6415:
6414:
6401:
6400:
6387:
6386:
6373:
6372:
6359:
6358:
6345:
6344:
6331:
6330:
6317:
6316:
6305:
6292:
6291:
6278:
6277:
6264:
6263:
6250:
6249:
6236:
6235:
6222:
6221:
6207:
6206:
6193:
6192:
6179:
6178:
6165:
6164:
6159:Sylvanie Burton
6151:
6150:
6137:
6136:
6123:
6122:
6109:
6108:
6097:
6084:
6083:
6070:
6069:
6054:
6053:
6016:
6015:
6000:
5999:
5986:
5985:
5972:
5971:
5958:
5957:
5940:
5939:
5926:
5925:
5912:
5911:
5898:
5897:
5884:
5883:
5868:
5867:
5854:
5853:
5848:Jakov Milatović
5840:
5839:
5826:
5825:
5812:
5811:
5806:Gitanas Nausėda
5798:
5797:
5784:
5783:
5768:
5767:
5754:
5753:
5740:
5739:
5726:
5725:
5712:
5711:
5698:
5697:
5684:
5683:
5670:
5669:
5664:Emmanuel Macron
5656:
5655:
5650:Alexander Stubb
5642:
5641:
5628:
5627:
5614:
5613:
5600:
5599:
5594:Zoran Milanović
5586:
5585:
5572:
5571:
5558:Denis Bećirović
5550:
5549:
5536:
5535:
5522:
5521:
5508:
5507:
5494:
5493:
5480:
5479:
5464:
5463:
5452:
5446:Rashad al-Alimi
5438:
5437:
5423:
5422:
5409:
5408:
5395:
5394:
5381:
5380:
5365:
5364:
5359:Bashar al-Assad
5351:
5350:
5337:
5336:
5323:
5322:
5309:
5308:
5303:Bongbong Marcos
5295:
5294:
5279:
5278:
5265:
5264:
5251:
5250:
5237:
5236:
5230:Min Aung Hlaing
5222:
5221:
5208:
5207:
5194:
5193:
5179:
5178:
5165:
5164:
5151:
5150:
5137:
5136:
5123:
5122:
5109:
5108:
5095:
5094:
5081:
5080:
5067:
5066:
5053:
5052:
5039:
5038:
5025:
5024:
5013:
5000:
4999:
4986:
4985:
4980:Yoweri Museveni
4972:
4971:
4958:
4957:
4944:
4943:
4930:
4929:
4915:
4914:
4901:
4900:
4895:Cyril Ramaphosa
4887:
4886:
4873:
4872:
4857:
4856:
4843:
4842:
4829:
4828:
4815:
4814:
4801:
4800:
4785:
4784:
4771:
4770:
4757:
4756:
4742:
4741:
4728:
4727:
4714:
4713:
4700:
4699:
4686:
4685:
4671:
4670:
4657:
4656:
4651:Andry Rajoelina
4643:
4642:
4628:
4627:
4614:
4613:
4600:
4599:
4586:
4585:
4572:
4571:
4557:
4556:
4551:Nana Akufo-Addo
4543:
4542:
4529:
4528:
4514:
4513:
4500:
4499:
4486:
4485:
4472:
4471:
4458:
4457:
4444:
4443:
4430:
4429:
4416:
4415:
4410:Azali Assoumani
4402:
4401:
4388:
4387:
4374:
4373:
4360:
4359:
4346:
4345:
4332:
4331:
4317:
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4261:
4260:
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4209:
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3915:
3907:
3901:
3861:
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3804:
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3782:
3777:
3776:
3766:
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3755:
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3729:
3728:
3724:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3689:
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3681:
3671:
3669:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3645:
3643:
3627:
3623:
3613:
3611:
3599:
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3580:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3487:
3480:
3465:
3461:
3449:
3445:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3417:
3415:
3412:www.voanews.com
3406:
3405:
3401:
3386:
3382:
3363:
3359:
3349:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3252:
3242:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3190:
3188:
3187:. 15 March 2022
3179:
3178:
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3162:
3152:
3148:
3138:
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3127:
3126:
3122:
3112:
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3100:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3027:
3023:
3009:
3005:
2992:
2988:
2984:, 12 July 2012.
2975:
2971:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2940:
2936:
2929:Financial Times
2921:
2917:
2902:
2898:
2885:
2881:
2874:www.nplg.gov.ge
2868:
2867:
2863:
2856:Financial Times
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2824:
2823:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2761:
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2747:
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2736:
2735:
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2721:
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2711:
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2696:
2694:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2642:Politico Europe
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2592:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2530:
2523:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2442:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2375:
2356:
2339:
2335:
2329:Nino Burjanadze
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2188:
2052:
2005:
1977:
1958:
1949:
1944:
1903:
1848:
1761:
1729:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1666:
1664:
1654:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1607:
1592:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1529:
1527:
1517:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1485:Domestic policy
1471:Nicolas Sarkozy
1434:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1371:
1369:
1359:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1296:Emmanuel Macron
1284:April 9 tragedy
1276:
1270:
1258:Grigol Vashadze
1230:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1087:Nino Burjanadze
1059:
1050:Zurab Nogaideli
964:
959:
951:
928:
862:
857:
831:
804:
802:Teaching career
765:Louis Chevalier
717:
681:
630:
625:
597:Grigol Vashadze
483:
445:
433:
430:
422:
418:
415:
409:
406: 1992)
397:
393:
390:
372:
365:Political party
359:
346:
343:
337:
335:
318:Philippe Lefort
313:
303:
287:
282:
245:
235:
229:
224:
211:Kakha Seturidze
206:
194:
188:
183:
163:
151:
135:
130:
111:
103:
99:
97:Giorgi Gakharia
95:
87:
81:
75:
70:
47:
35:
32:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6859:
6849:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6702:
6690:
6678:
6666:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6641:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6618:
6609:
6608:
6606:
6605:
6591:
6577:
6563:
6549:
6535:
6521:
6507:
6492:
6490:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6479:Nicolás Maduro
6468:
6454:
6440:
6426:
6412:
6398:
6384:
6370:
6356:
6342:
6328:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6303:
6289:
6275:
6261:
6247:
6233:
6230:Xiomara Castro
6219:
6204:
6190:
6176:
6162:
6148:
6134:
6120:
6105:
6103:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6081:
6067:
6051:
6036:Ignazio Cassis
6013:
5997:
5983:
5969:
5955:
5937:
5934:Vladimir Putin
5923:
5920:Klaus Iohannis
5909:
5895:
5881:
5865:
5851:
5837:
5823:
5809:
5795:
5781:
5765:
5751:
5737:
5723:
5709:
5695:
5681:
5667:
5653:
5639:
5625:
5611:
5597:
5583:
5569:
5547:
5533:
5519:
5505:
5491:
5477:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5435:
5420:
5406:
5392:
5389:Emomali Rahmon
5378:
5362:
5348:
5334:
5320:
5306:
5292:
5276:
5262:
5248:
5234:
5219:
5205:
5202:Mohamed Muizzu
5191:
5176:
5162:
5148:
5134:
5120:
5106:
5092:
5078:
5075:Droupadi Murmu
5064:
5050:
5036:
5021:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
4997:
4983:
4969:
4955:
4941:
4927:
4912:
4898:
4884:
4870:
4866:Muse Bihi Abdi
4854:
4840:
4826:
4812:
4798:
4782:
4768:
4754:
4739:
4736:Nangolo Mbumba
4725:
4711:
4697:
4683:
4668:
4654:
4640:
4625:
4611:
4597:
4583:
4569:
4554:
4540:
4526:
4511:
4497:
4494:Isaias Afwerki
4483:
4469:
4455:
4441:
4427:
4413:
4399:
4385:
4371:
4357:
4343:
4329:
4325:Ibrahim Traoré
4314:
4300:
4286:
4272:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4243:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4220:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4140:
4138:Margvelashvili
4135:
4130:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4108:
4087:
4085:
4079:Modern Georgia
4075:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4020:Kartvelishvili
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3989:
3987:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3956:
3954:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3921:
3919:
3917:Prime Minister
3909:
3908:
3900:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3854:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3827:
3824:Tedo Japaridze
3822:
3818:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3801:
3792:
3781:
3780:External links
3778:
3775:
3774:
3748:
3722:
3708:
3679:
3653:
3621:
3593:
3574:
3563:. 8 March 2022
3546:
3528:
3510:
3478:
3459:
3457:: June 6, 2022
3443:
3425:
3399:
3380:
3373:) – via
3357:
3331:
3305:
3279:
3250:
3224:
3198:
3172:
3146:
3120:
3098:
3076:
3050:
3036:
3021:
3003:
2986:
2969:
2951:
2949:, 27 May 2009.
2934:
2915:
2896:
2894:, 31 May 2005.
2891:New York Times
2879:
2861:
2842:
2810:
2781:
2755:
2729:
2704:
2679:
2654:
2628:
2602:
2576:
2528:
2521:
2503:
2476:
2450:
2424:
2395:
2354:
2333:
2316:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2252:978-2849412206
2241:
2239:978-2246753919
2228:
2226:978-2849410752
2215:
2205:საქართველოსკენ
2202:
2200:978-2246695615
2187:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2132:
2129:
2121:
2120:
2115:Knight of the
2113:
2110:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2060:Country/Entity
2058:
2051:
2050:Foreign honors
2048:
2033:massive unrest
2013:Georgian Dream
2009:People's Power
2004:
2001:
1976:
1973:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1902:
1899:
1847:
1844:
1816:Georgian Dream
1777:Charles Michel
1760:
1759:Foreign policy
1757:
1731:
1730:
1638:
1636:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1604:Charles Michel
1594:
1593:
1501:
1499:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1463:Armen Sargsyan
1436:
1435:
1343:
1341:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1308:Charles Michel
1272:Main article:
1269:
1266:
1239:Imereti region
1232:
1231:
1139:
1137:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1098:Georgian Dream
1075:Kviris Palitra
1058:
1055:
1031:Czech Republic
963:
960:
958:
955:
950:
947:
927:
924:
861:
858:
856:
853:
830:
827:
803:
800:
769:Suzanne Bastid
716:
713:
680:
677:
658:Russian Empire
650:Niko Nikoladze
629:
626:
624:
621:
601:Georgian Dream
546:constitutional
504:
503:
500:
499:
492:
488:
487:
478:
474:
473:
463:
459:
458:
455:
451:
450:
442:Niko Nikoladze
439:
435:
434:
432:
431:
420:
416:
413:
412:
410:
395:
391:
388:
387:
384:
382:
378:
377:
376:(2011–present)
369:Way of Georgia
366:
362:
361:
356:
352:
351:
333:
329:
328:
324:
323:
320:
319:
316:
310:
309:
308:Mireille Musso
306:
300:
299:
297:Jacques Chirac
294:
290:
289:
279:
278:
274:
273:
268:
264:
263:
258:
252:
251:
248:
242:
241:
238:
232:
231:
221:
220:
216:Member of the
213:
212:
209:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
180:
179:
172:
171:
166:
160:
159:
157:Tedo Japaridze
154:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
127:
126:
120:
119:
114:
108:
107:
90:
88:Prime Minister
84:
83:
77:Assumed office
72:
71:
64:
61:
60:
53:
52:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6858:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6761:Living people
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
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6722:
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6701:
6696:
6691:
6689:
6684:
6679:
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6672:
6667:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6654:
6651:
6647:
6639:
6634:
6632:
6627:
6625:
6620:
6619:
6616:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6589:
6584:
6578:
6575:
6570:
6564:
6561:
6556:
6550:
6547:
6546:Wesley Simina
6542:
6536:
6533:
6528:
6522:
6519:
6518:Taneti Maamau
6514:
6508:
6505:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6480:
6475:
6469:
6466:
6461:
6455:
6452:
6451:Chan Santokhi
6447:
6441:
6438:
6437:Dina Boluarte
6433:
6427:
6424:
6423:Santiago Peña
6419:
6413:
6410:
6405:
6399:
6396:
6391:
6385:
6382:
6381:Gustavo Petro
6377:
6371:
6368:
6367:Gabriel Boric
6363:
6357:
6354:
6349:
6343:
6340:
6335:
6329:
6326:
6321:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:South America
6308:
6301:
6296:
6290:
6287:
6282:
6276:
6273:
6268:
6262:
6259:
6258:Daniel Ortega
6254:
6248:
6245:
6240:
6234:
6231:
6226:
6220:
6216:
6211:
6205:
6202:
6197:
6191:
6188:
6183:
6177:
6174:
6173:Luis Abinader
6169:
6163:
6160:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6132:
6127:
6121:
6118:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:North America
6100:
6093:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6074:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6058:
6052:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6020:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6004:
5998:
5995:
5990:
5984:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5967:
5962:
5956:
5953:
5949:
5944:
5938:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5921:
5916:
5910:
5907:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5888:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5844:
5838:
5835:
5830:
5824:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5807:
5802:
5796:
5793:
5788:
5782:
5779:
5778:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5758:
5752:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5735:
5730:
5724:
5721:
5716:
5710:
5707:
5702:
5696:
5693:
5688:
5682:
5679:
5674:
5668:
5665:
5660:
5654:
5651:
5646:
5640:
5637:
5632:
5626:
5623:
5618:
5612:
5609:
5604:
5598:
5595:
5590:
5584:
5581:
5576:
5570:
5567:
5566:Željko Komšić
5563:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5526:
5520:
5517:
5512:
5506:
5503:
5498:
5492:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:Aslan Bzhania
5468:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5455:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5432:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5369:
5363:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5346:
5341:
5335:
5332:
5331:Yoon Suk Yeol
5327:
5321:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5288:Mahmoud Abbas
5283:
5277:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5212:
5206:
5203:
5198:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5174:
5169:
5163:
5160:
5159:Sadyr Japarov
5155:
5149:
5146:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5113:
5107:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4962:
4956:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4905:
4899:
4896:
4891:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4789:
4783:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4766:
4761:
4755:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4723:
4718:
4712:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4695:
4690:
4684:
4680:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4661:
4655:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4626:
4623:
4622:Joseph Boakai
4618:
4612:
4609:
4604:
4598:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4533:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4509:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4490:
4484:
4481:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4462:
4456:
4453:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4378:
4372:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4336:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4307:
4301:
4298:
4297:Patrice Talon
4293:
4287:
4284:
4283:João Lourenço
4279:
4273:
4270:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4241:
4236:
4234:
4229:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4203:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4143:Zourabichvili
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4086:
4080:
4076:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3978:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3914:
3910:
3905:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3867:
3862:2018–present
3860:
3859:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3833:
3832:
3825:
3819:
3814:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3712:
3696:
3692:
3686:
3684:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3625:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3597:
3589:
3585:
3578:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3499:
3498:
3492:
3485:
3483:
3474:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3452:
3447:
3439:
3435:
3429:
3414:. 6 July 2021
3413:
3409:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3361:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3267:
3266:Civil Georgia
3263:
3257:
3255:
3238:
3237:Civil Georgia
3234:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3202:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3108:
3102:
3086:
3080:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3046:
3040:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2990:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2965:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2858:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2770:
2769:The Messenger
2766:
2759:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2668:
2664:
2663:"ჯანრი კაშია"
2658:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2491:
2487:
2480:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2273:
2267:
2263:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1724:
1716:
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674: –
1673:
1669:
1668:Find sources:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1612:Carl Hartzell
1605:
1600:
1590:
1587:
1579:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1537: –
1536:
1532:
1531:Find sources:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1465:, the former
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1432:
1429:
1421:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379: –
1378:
1374:
1373:Find sources:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1242:
1240:
1228:
1225:
1217:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175: –
1174:
1170:
1169:Find sources:
1163:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1100:ahead of the
1099:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1071:Georgia's Way
1063:
1054:
1051:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1003:Sergey Lavrov
998:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
973:
968:
954:
946:
944:
939:
937:
933:
923:
921:
917:
913:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
870:Charles Lucet
867:
852:
850:
845:
842:
841:
836:
826:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
799:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
756:
754:
750:
749:
744:
743:
742:Rerum novarum
738:
733:
732:
721:
712:
710:
706:
705:
697:
693:
690:
686:
676:
672:
666:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
634:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
567:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:
482:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
440:
436:
411:
386:
385:
383:
379:
375:
370:
367:
363:
357:
353:
350:
344:(age 72)
342:18 March 1952
334:
330:
325:
321:
317:
311:
307:
301:
298:
295:
291:
285:
280:
275:
272:
269:
265:
262:
259:
257:
253:
250:Lado Kakhadze
249:
243:
239:
233:
227:
222:
219:
214:
210:
204:
201:
198:
192:
186:
181:
178:
173:
170:
167:
161:
158:
155:
149:
146:
143:
139:
133:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
109:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
85:
78:
73:
69:
68:
62:
59:
54:
50:
43:
38:
29:
22:
19:
6688:Ilham Aliyev
6663:
6560:David Adeang
6395:Daniel Noboa
6325:Javier Milei
6187:Nayib Bukele
6117:Sandra Mason
6061:
6040:Albert Rösti
6032:Guy Parmelin
6024:Viola Amherd
6009:Alan Gagloev
6007:
5892:Andrzej Duda
5875:
5777:Vjosa Osmani
5775:
5720:Tamás Sulyok
5677:
5530:Ilham Aliyev
5488:Bajram Begaj
5471:
5374:Lai Ching-te
5372:
5286:
5187:Najib Mikati
5131:Isaac Herzog
5103:Ali Khamenei
4864:
4794:Brahim Ghali
4792:
4722:Filipe Nyusi
4679:Assimi Goïta
4608:William Ruto
4537:Adama Barrow
4522:Brice Oligui
4396:Mahamat Déby
4142:
4111:Shevardnadze
4106:Gamsakhurdia
4050:Shevardnadze
4040:Mirtskhulava
3981:Georgian SSR
3948:Georgian SSR
3865:
3856:
3829:
3767:26 September
3765:. Retrieved
3760:
3751:
3741:26 September
3739:. Retrieved
3734:
3725:
3711:
3701:26 September
3699:. Retrieved
3694:
3672:26 September
3670:. Retrieved
3665:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3634:
3624:
3612:. Retrieved
3606:
3596:
3587:
3577:
3565:. Retrieved
3558:
3549:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3494:
3473:www.civil.ge
3472:
3462:
3446:
3437:
3428:
3416:. Retrieved
3411:
3402:
3393:
3383:
3360:
3348:. Retrieved
3343:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3317:
3308:
3296:. Retrieved
3291:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3265:
3241:. Retrieved
3236:
3227:
3215:. Retrieved
3210:
3201:
3189:. Retrieved
3184:
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3159:
3149:
3137:. Retrieved
3133:the original
3123:
3111:. Retrieved
3101:
3089:. Retrieved
3079:
3067:. Retrieved
3063:the original
3053:
3039:
3024:
3014:
3006:
2996:
2989:
2979:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2944:
2937:
2927:
2918:
2910:www.civil.ge
2909:
2899:
2889:
2882:
2873:
2864:
2854:
2845:
2835:26 September
2833:. Retrieved
2829:
2803:26 September
2801:. Retrieved
2796:
2774:26 September
2772:. Retrieved
2768:
2758:
2748:26 September
2746:. Retrieved
2741:
2732:
2722:26 September
2720:. Retrieved
2716:
2707:
2697:26 September
2695:. Retrieved
2692:President.ge
2691:
2682:
2672:26 September
2670:. Retrieved
2666:
2657:
2647:26 September
2645:. Retrieved
2641:
2631:
2621:26 September
2619:. Retrieved
2614:
2605:
2595:26 September
2593:. Retrieved
2589:
2579:
2569:26 September
2567:. Retrieved
2563:
2512:
2506:
2496:26 September
2494:. Retrieved
2489:
2479:
2469:26 September
2467:. Retrieved
2462:
2453:
2443:26 September
2441:. Retrieved
2436:
2427:
2417:26 September
2415:. Retrieved
2410:
2398:
2388:26 September
2386:. Retrieved
2382:
2336:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:the original
2298:
2289:
2272:Zurabishvili
2271:
2266:
2243:
2230:
2217:
2204:
2191:
2040:
2037:
2006:
1991:, which the
1978:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:LGBTQ rights
1950:
1928:
1904:
1895:Maka Chichua
1887:
1883:
1864:
1825:
1805:
1801:Nancy Pelosi
1790:
1786:
1738:
1734:
1719:
1710:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1667:
1660:
1643:
1616:Kelly Degnan
1601:
1597:
1582:
1573:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1530:
1523:
1506:
1475:
1443:
1439:
1424:
1415:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1372:
1365:
1348:
1327:Inauguration
1250:
1243:
1235:
1220:
1211:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1168:
1161:
1144:
1115:district of
1106:
1095:
1084:
1074:
1068:
1047:
999:
988:
977:
972:Colin Powell
952:
940:
929:
909:
882:
863:
846:
838:
832:
824:
805:
797:
777:
773:Soviet world
757:
753:Alexander II
746:
740:
731:baccalauréat
726:
702:
699:
695:
682:
662:
639:
570:
558:
508:
507:
462:Residence(s)
414:Janri Kashia
314:Succeeded by
283:
267:Constituency
246:Succeeded by
225:
207:Succeeded by
199:
184:
164:Succeeded by
131:
76:
65:
18:
6721:1952 births
6532:Hilda Heine
5877:Ersin Tatar
5580:Rumen Radev
5259:Kim Jong Un
5089:Joko Widodo
4779:Paul Kagame
4765:Bola Tinubu
4133:Saakashvili
4122:Saakashvili
4055:Patiashvili
4045:Mzhavanadze
4010:Gogoberidze
3139:26 December
3113:26 December
3091:26 December
3069:26 December
2744:(in French)
2713:"Biography"
2688:"Biography"
2564:Sciences Po
2492:(in French)
1901:Impeachment
1753:Toivo Klaar
1041:and foster
916:Idriss Déby
795:diplomacy.
748:Kulturkampf
481:Sciences Po
374:Independent
371:(2006–2011)
355:Citizenship
304:Preceded by
261:Independent
236:Preceded by
195:Preceded by
152:Preceded by
112:Preceded by
6715:Categories
6700:Maia Sandu
6409:Irfaan Ali
5834:Maia Sandu
5636:Alar Karis
5622:Petr Pavel
5047:Xi Jinping
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