1100:
1304:
390:
124:
146:
3735:
976:
1085:, grasslands, and possibly open woodlands, eating several species of plants, including some that are poisonous to other animals. They can cover long distances and swim across rivers, but they avoid steep or rugged areas. The mating season starts in November, when stags fight for the acceptance of females. The winner leads a herd of five to ten females (occasionally up to 50). In springtime, mothers come together in mass to give birth. Two-thirds of births are twins; the remaining third of births are single calves.
220:
1089:
178:
1379:
Recent trends in climate change have increased the aridity of the steppe region, leading an estimated 14% or more of available pastureland to be considered degraded and useless. Concurrently, small steppe rivers dry faster, limiting water resources to large lakes and rivers, which are usually populated by human settlements; high temperatures in the steppe region lead to springtime floods, in which saiga calves can drown.
1289:
1370:
lands. Currently, saiga populations' migratory routes pass five countries and different human-made constructions, such as railways, trenches, mining sites, and pipelines. These physical barriers limit movement of the antelopes. Cases of saiga herds being trapped within fenced areas and starving to death have been reported.
1400:
are not uncommon. In the 1980s, several saiga die-offs occurred, and between 2010 and 2014, one occurred every year. The deaths could be linked to calving aggregation, which is when they are most vulnerable. More recent research involving a mass die-off in 2015 indicates warmer weather and attendant
1247:
was heavily populated. The population's size remained high until the second half of the 19th century, when excessive horn export began. The high price and demand for horns drove radical hunting. The number of animals decreased in all regions and the migratory routes shifted southward. Populations in
1369:
Agricultural advancement and human settlements have been shrinking habitat areas of the saigas since the 20th century. Occupants limited saiga's passage to water resources and the winter and summer habitats. The ever-changing face of steppe requires saigas to search for new routes to their habitual
1162:
population in central
Kazakhstan, representing more than a third of the global population. By April 2016, the saigas appear to be making a comeback, with an increase of population from 31,000 to 36,000 in the Betpak-Dala area. In April 2021 a survey in Kazakhstan found that the saiga population had
1147:. In more recent years, the saiga has experienced massive regrowth. As of 2022, there is an estimated number of 1.38 million saiga surviving in Kazakhstan, per an April aerial count. As of December 2023, the global saiga antelope population is estimated to number 922,600–988,500 mature individuals.
1046:
The saiga stands 61–81 cm (24–32 in) at the shoulder, and weighs 26–69 kg (57–152 lb). The head-and-body length is typically between 100 and 140 cm (39 and 55 in). A prominent feature of the saiga is the pair of closely spaced, bloated nostrils directed downward. Other
1251:
After a rapid decline, they were nearly completely exterminated in the 1920s, but they were able to recover. By 1950, two million of them were found in the steppes of the USSR. Their population fell drastically following the collapse of the USSR due to uncontrolled hunting and demand for horns in
1068:
Only males possess horns. These horns, thick and slightly translucent, are wax-coloured and show 12 to 20 pronounced rings. With a base diameter of 25–33 mm (0.98–1.30 in), the horns of the
Russian saiga measure 28–38 cm (11–15 in) in length; the horns of the Mongolian saiga,
1033:
from as far west as modern-day
England and France to as far east as northern Siberia, Alaska, and probably Canada. The antelope gradually entered the Urals, though it did not colonise southern Europe. A 2010 study revealed that a steep decline has occurred in the genetic variability of the saiga
1378:
Saigas are dependent on weather and affected by climate fluctuations to a great extent due to their migratory nature. Harsh winters with strong winds or high snow coverage prevent them from feeding on the underlying grass. Population size usually dramatically decreases after severe cold months.
1158:, an infectious disease that strikes the lungs and intestines, the underlying trigger remains to be identified. In May 2015, what may be the same disease broke out in three northern regions of the country. As of 28 May 2015, more than 120,000 saigas have been confirmed dead in the
1361:, considered to be nutritious and delicious. Numerous recipes for cooking the antelope's meat can be found. Both meat and byproducts are sold in the country and outside of it. About 45–80 dm of skin can be harvested from one individual depending on its age and sex.
1059:
parts are generally white. The hairs, that measure 18–30 mm (0.71–1.18 in) long in summer, can grow as long as 40–70 mm (1.6–2.8 in) in winter. This forms a 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in) long mane on the neck. Two distinct
1054:
shows seasonal changes. In summer, the coat appears yellow to red, fading toward the flanks. The
Mongolian saiga can develop a sandy colour. The coat develops a pale, grayish-brown colour in winter, with a hint of brown on the belly and the neck. The
738:). The study noted that the saiga and the springbok could be considerably different from the rest of the antilopines; a 2007 phylogenetic study suggested that the two form a clade sister to the gerenuk. The cladogram below is based on the 2013 study.
588:
regions of
Kazakhstan. A portion of the Ustyurt population migrates south to Uzbekistan and occasionally to Turkmenistan in winter. It is regionally extinct in Romania, Ukraine, Moldova, China and southwestern Mongolia. The Mongolian subspecies
3141:
Kock, R. A.; Orynbayev, M.; Robinson, S.; Zuther, S.; Singh, N. J.; Beauvais, W.; Morgan, E. R.; Kerimbayev, A.; Khomenko, S.; Martineau, H. M.; Rystaeva, R.; Omarova, Z.; Wolfs, S.; Hawotte, F.; Radoux, J.; Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2018).
3414:
Kuhl, A.; Balinova, N.; Bykova, E.; Esipov, A.; Arylov, Iu.A.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2009). "The role of saiga poaching in rural communities: Linkages between attitudes, socio-economic circumstances and behaviour".
1455:
in London) reported that his colleagues and he had narrowed down the possible culprits. Climate change and stormy spring weather, they said, may have transformed harmless bacteria, carried by the saigas, into lethal pathogens.
1421:. Herd fatality is 100% once infected, with an estimated 40% of the species' total population already dead. More than 120,000 carcasses had been found by late May 2015, while the estimated total population was only 250,000.
1353:
In the period from 1955 to 1989, over 87 thousand tonnes of meat were collected in
Kazakhstan by killing more than five million saiga. In 2011, Kazakhstan reaffirmed a ban on hunting saiga and extended this ban until 2021.
1018:, although more recent studies suggest that these prehistoric representatives were merely geographical variants of the extant species that was formerly much more widespread. Fossils excavated from the Buran Kaya III site (
1171:
reported in 2022 that, partly due to their conservation efforts, as well as the designation of the Bokey Orda-Ashiozek protected area by the
Kazakhstan government, the population had now risen to a peak of 1.32 million.
3548:
Morgan, E.R.; Lundervold, M.; Medley, G.F.; Shaikenov, B.S.; Torgerson, P.R.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2006). "Assessing risks of disease transmission between wildlife and livestock: the Saiga antelope as a case study".
1428:, whose symptoms (bloating, mouth foaming, and diarrhea) had been observed in dead saiga antelopes. According to Nurushev, this disease occurred as a result of foraging on a large amount of easily fermenting plants (
1238:
The fragmented information shows an abundance of saigas on the territory of modern
Kazakhstan in the 14th-16th centuries. The migratory routes ranged throughout the country's area, especially the region between the
3002:
1326:
In June 2014, Chinese customs at the Kazakh border uncovered 66 cases containing 2,351 saiga antelope horns, estimated to be worth over Y70.5 million (US$ 11 million). In June 2015, E. J. Milner-Gulland (chair of
1293:
2151:
Campos, P.F.; Kristensen, T.; Orlando, L.; Sher, A.; Kholodova, M.V.; Gotherstrom, A.; Hofreiter, M.; Drucker, D.G.; Kosintsev, P.; Tikhonov, A.; Baryshnikov, G.F.; Willerslev, E.; Gilbert, M.T.P. (2010).
1064:
can be observed in a year, one in spring from April to May and another in autumn from late
September or early October to late November or early December. The tail measures 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in).
1339:
Saigas have been a target of hunting since prehistoric ages, when hunting was an essential means to acquire food. Saigas' horns, meat, and skin have commercial value and are exported from
Kazakhstan.
3578:
Morgan, E.R.; Shaikenov, B.; Torgerson, P.R.; Medley, G.F.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2005). "Helminths of saiga antelopes in Kazakhstan: Implications for conservation and livestock production".
1099:
1646:
Neronov, V. M.; Arylova, N. Yu.; Dubinin, M. Yu.; Karimova, T. Yu.; Lushchekina, A. A. (2013). "Current state and prospects of preserving saiga antelope in Northwest Pre-Caspian region".
8314:
1494:
3116:
1346:, is one of the main ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine that is used as an extract or powder additive to the elixirs, ointments, and drinks. Saiga horn's value is equal to
3377:
Kuhl, A.; Mysterud, A.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Ubushaev, B.S.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2009). "Monitoring population productivity in the saiga antelope".
2783:
1444:
agency which is involved in saiga conservation efforts issued a statement that the mass die-off had ended. By June 2015, no definitive cause for the epizootic had been found.
1468:, was determined to be the cause of death. The bacterium occurs in the antelopes and is normally harmless; the reason for the change in behavior of the bacterium is unknown.
2020:
1475:
is the likely cause of the most recent deaths The change of the bacteria may be attributed to "the response of opportunistic microbes to changing environmental conditions".
2963:
1471:
Now, scientists and researchers believe the unusually warm and wet uncontrolled environmental variables caused the bacterium to enter the bloodstream and become septic.
2390:
1319:
and can sell for as much as US$ 150. Demand for the horns drives poaching and smuggling, which has wiped out the population in China, where the saiga antelope is a
2901:
Saparov, Abdulla (2014). "Soil Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Current Status, Problems and Solutions". In Mueller, L.; Saparov, A.; Lischeid, G. (eds.).
2251:
3348:
Singh, N.J.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010). "Saiga antelope calving site selection is increasingly driven by human disturbance".
3488:
Morgan, E.R.; Medley, G.F.; Torgerson, P.R.; Shaikenov, B. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2007). "Parasite transmission in a migratory multiple host system".
2943:
2077:
Lanoë, F.B.; Péan, S.; Yanevich, A. (2015). "Saiga antelope hunting in Crimea at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition: the site of Buran-Kaya III Layer 4".
3721:
1235:
that were dated back to seventh to fifth century BC. Moreover, saiga bones were found among the remains of other wild animals near the human settlements.
3062:
1478:
The Betpak-Dala saiga population in central Kazakhstan, which saw the most deaths, increased from 31,000 after the epidemic to 36,000 by April 2016.
1320:
3319:
Singh, N.J.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010). "Tracking greenery in Central Asia: The migration of the saiga antelope".
3023:
8405:
3517:
Kholodova, M.V.; Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Easton, A.J.; Amgalan, L.; Arylov, Iu.; Bekenov, A.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Ryder, O. (2006).
8617:
3282:
2112:
Jürgensen, Jonathan; Drucker, Dorothée G.; Stuart, Anthony J.; Schneider, Matthias; Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar; Bocherens, Hervé (March 2017).
1303:
8470:
8444:
1596:
1111:, are known for their extensive migrations across the steppes that allow them to escape natural calamities. Saigas are highly vulnerable to
2903:
Novel Measurement and Assessment Tools for Monitoring and Management of Land and Water Resources in Agricultural Landscapes of Central Asia
1689:
3658:
Robinson, S.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2003). "Political change and factors limiting numbers of wild and domestic ungulates in Kazakhstan".
2791:
2468:
2269:
Owen-Smith, N. (2008). "The comparative population dynamics of browsing and grazing ungulates". In Gordon, I.J.; Prins, H.H.T. (eds.).
1498:
1740:
Systema Naturae: per Regna tria Natura, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis
8576:
8379:
8418:
2590:
Bekenov, A. B.; Grachev, Iu. A.; Milner-Gulland, E. J. (1998). "The ecology and management of the Saiga antelope in Kazakhstan".
1350:, whose trade was banned in 1993. Cornu Antelopis is thought to be a cheaper substitute of rare rhino horn in most TCM recipes.
3788:
3615:
Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Bukreeva, O.M.; Coulson, T.N.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Kholodova, M.V.; Bekenov, A.B.; Grachev, Iu.A. (2003).
8462:
3687:
Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Kholodova, M.V.; Bekenov, A.B.; Bukreeva, O.M.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Amgalan, L.; Lushchekina, A.A. (2001).
2631:
2482:
Nadachowski, A.; Lipecki, G.; Ratajczak, Urszula; Stefaniak, K.; Wojtal, P. (2016). "Dispersal events of the saiga antelope (
2286:
2227:
1938:
1886:
1861:
1827:
1782:
8423:
3254:
2394:
1163:
risen from an estimated 334,000 to 842,000. The population increase was partially attributed to the government crackdown on
8667:
1139:
In the mid-2010s, the populations declined enormously – as much as 95% in 15 years. This led the saiga to be classified as
3048:
2302:
3444:
Kuhl, A.; Mysterud, A.; Erdnenov, G.I.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Grachev, Iu. A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2007).
1047:
facial features include the dark markings on the cheeks and the nose, and the 7–12 cm (2.8–4.7 in) long ears.
8662:
8563:
2665:
2153:
2918:
8358:
1760:
8642:
2114:"Diet and habitat of the saiga antelope during the late Quaternary using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios"
1056:
8475:
8371:
613:
2981:
2813:
1955:
1929:
Marcot, J.D. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of terrestrial artiodactyls". In Prothero, D.R.; Foss, S.E. (eds.).
1742:. Vol. t.1, pt. 1 (Regnum animale) (1766) (12th ed.). Impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 97.
8594:
4140:
3226:"Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Saiga Antelope (
2690:
The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)
2328:
8652:
4929:
2524:
2368:
1701:
1316:
1882:"A revised phylogeny of Antilopini (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) using combined mitochondrial and nuclear genes"
8457:
8293:
8288:
8280:
1328:
8657:
8647:
8627:
4209:
3781:
2154:"Ancient DNA sequences point to a large loss of mitochondrial genetic diversity in the saiga antelope (
24:
7186:
4131:
4122:
3446:"The big spenders of the steppe: sex-specific maternal allocation and twinning in the saiga antelope"
3283:"Conserving a moving target: planning protection for a migratory species as its distribution changes"
2617:
3091:
2657:
Antelopes: Part 4 – North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia: Global Survey and Regional Action Plans
2486:) in Central Europe in response to the climatic fluctuations in MIS 2 and the early part of MIS 1".
2417:
1731:
1481:
In late 2016, a large loss of the population happened in Mongolia. The etiology was confirmed to be
990:
Fossils of saiga, concentrated mainly in central and northern Eurasia, date to as early as the late
8253:
6973:
3740:
2488:
1452:
1256:, encouraged the hunting of this species, as its horn was presented as an alternative to that of a
132:
3519:"Mitochondrial DNA variation and population structure of the Critically Endangered saiga antelope
3144:"Saigas on the brink: Multidisciplinary analysis of the factors influencing mass mortality events"
1984:
Baryshnikov, G.; Tikhonov, A. (1994). "Notes on skulls of Pleistocene Saiga of Northern Eurasia".
1629:
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1705:
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that was "between the deer and ram in size" and was wrongly believed to drink through its nose.
8514:
8410:
8215:
4673:
4379:
4298:
3726:
2278:
1472:
1402:
1277:
1026:. The morphology of saiga does not seem to have changed significantly since prehistoric times.
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8637:
8632:
8509:
7823:
6853:
5078:
4307:
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Milner-Gulland, E. J. (1994). "A Population Model for the Management of the Saiga Antelope".
2715:
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1273:
1209:
1140:
1035:
341:
8501:
2905:. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing. pp. 61–73.
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1993:
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541:
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1331:) said: "Antipoaching needs to be a top priority for the Russian and Kazakh governments."
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8:
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1997:
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1933:(Illustrated ed.). Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 4–18.
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humidity led bacteria common in saiga antelopes to move into the bloodstream and cause
429:
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214:
145:
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5342:
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5185:
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4866:
4833:
4776:
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4173:
4034:
3705:
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3310:
3181:
2914:
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2627:
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2200:
2188:
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1934:
1911:
1881:
1857:
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1608:
1228:
1108:
975:
703:
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3607:
3577:
3509:
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3225:
2928:
2868:
Milner-Gulland; Kholodova; Bekenov; Bukreeva; Grachev; Amgalan; Lushchekina (2001).
2137:
1675:
680:. Subsequent authors were not certain about the relationship between the two, until
8554:
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8190:
7944:
7935:
7814:
7655:
7646:
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7111:
7102:
7050:
7041:
6889:
6862:
6775:
6555:
6163:
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5580:
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5543:
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5133:
4334:
4325:
4316:
4098:
4089:
4025:
3952:
3943:
3700:
3667:
3650:
3628:
3587:
3566:
3534:
3505:
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3457:
3443:
3432:
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3328:
3305:
3171:
3163:
2906:
2881:
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2599:
2505:
2180:
2133:
2094:
2051:
2001:
1903:
1663:
1613:
1482:
1397:
1212:. By the classical age, they were apparently considered a characteristic animal of
1154:
of Kazakhstan were found dead. Although the deaths are currently being ascribed to
685:
573:
495:
318:
136:
8483:
7920:
7911:
7859:
7850:
7631:
6488:
6479:
5956:
5552:
4604:
4514:
4352:
4164:
4043:
4016:
4007:
3570:
3436:
3369:
2509:
2055:
1843:
1425:
1358:
1347:
696:
673:
654:
624:
602:
581:
537:
533:
182:
28:
8527:
8449:
8319:
2910:
1907:
644:: also known as the Russian saiga, it is only to be found today in central Asia.
8366:
8353:
8120:
8058:
7688:
7679:
7204:
7153:
7006:
6844:
6546:
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5863:
5351:
5161:
5036:
4875:
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3835:
3591:
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1413:
In May 2015, uncommonly large numbers of saigas began to die from a mysterious
1297:
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1030:
577:
557:
158:
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3671:
3539:
3518:
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2098:
2005:
1667:
8611:
8431:
8238:
7745:
7727:
7613:
7550:
7541:
6600:
6335:
6308:
6079:
5989:
5980:
5965:
5830:
5794:
5749:
5686:
5677:
5194:
5152:
5045:
5011:
5001:
4902:
4884:
4547:
4496:
4406:
3970:
1768:
1727:
1555:
1232:
1197:
1189:
1144:
1051:
681:
657:, it is sometimes treated as an independent species, or as subspecies of the
609:
358:
187:
74:
8568:
3117:"Why 220,000 saiga antelope died suddenly in Kazakhstan in 2015 - CBC Radio"
2964:"Endangered saiga antelope mysteriously dying in vast numbers in Kazakhstan"
1792:
8139:
8108:
7998:
7670:
7484:
7412:
7285:
7228:
7219:
6937:
6871:
6633:
6591:
6506:
6317:
6037:
6028:
5890:
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5710:
5701:
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5212:
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4815:
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3185:
3167:
2948:
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2192:
1915:
1811:
1514:
1193:
1124:
1120:
715:
707:
397:
Reconstructed range (white) and current distribution of the two subspecies
154:
3199:
2021:"Quaternary skulls of the saiga antelope from Eastern Europe and Siberia:
8488:
8392:
8247:
7760:
7508:
6670:
6624:
6615:
6564:
6516:
6377:
6219:
5812:
5803:
5631:
5425:
5416:
5406:
5300:
5143:
4953:
4944:
4857:
4700:
4622:
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4421:
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3745:
3203:
1240:
1159:
1151:
991:
658:
585:
553:
464:
291:
271:
49:
3413:
1088:
688:
is closer to the Caprinae while the saiga is closer to the Antilopinae.
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6106:
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5534:
5519:
5510:
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5254:
5060:
4977:
4968:
4743:
4734:
4613:
4538:
4079:
3900:
3063:"More Than Half of Entire Species of Saigas Gone in Mysterious Die-Off"
2769:
2252:"134,000 saiga antelope dead in two weeks. What is the probable cause?"
1625:
1510:
1257:
1244:
1150:
In May 2010, an estimated 12,000 of the 26,000 saiga population in the
1093:
1078:
995:
699:
684:
studies in the 1990s revealed that though morphologically similar, the
631:
94:
59:
2867:
2549:Маргулан, А.X.; Акишев, К.А.; Кадырбаев, М.К.; Оразбаев, А.М. (1966).
2342:
1252:
Chinese medicine. At one point, some conservation groups, such as the
1002:
from the Pleistocene of Eurasia and Alaska have been named, including
19:"Saiga" redirects here. For the shotgun named after the antelope, see
8397:
8340:
8067:
7988:
7841:
7712:
7703:
7177:
6751:
6742:
6727:
6718:
6582:
6154:
5938:
5872:
5758:
5273:
5069:
4758:
4682:
4562:
4113:
3998:
3988:
3882:
3873:
1414:
1308:
1231:
settlements. Illustrations of saiga antelopes can be found among the
980:
890:
800:
723:
692:
549:
231:
99:
8209:
8034:
3633:
3616:
2821:
2761:
2481:
2222:(Third ed.). New York: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 2217–2218.
1617:
8548:
8345:
8232:
7976:
7604:
7276:
6988:
6826:
6766:
6431:
6130:
5662:
5607:
5495:
5324:
4800:
4791:
4767:
4655:
4529:
4279:
4155:
3851:
3829:
3817:
3200:"Peste Des Petits Ruminants – Mongolia (03): (Hovd) Saiga Antelope"
2447:
1495:
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
1465:
1448:
1437:
1393:
1164:
1061:
1023:
849:
677:
569:
561:
545:
529:
251:
89:
84:
69:
64:
54:
20:
2982:"Mass deaths hit Kazakhstan's endangered Ice Age antelope species"
1544:
8589:
8181:
8016:
7877:
7736:
7126:
6913:
6904:
6817:
6703:
6694:
6666:
6422:
6326:
6290:
6205:
6201:
6172:
6097:
5785:
5658:
5619:
5203:
5120:
5026:
4289:
4239:
3934:
2986:
2329:"Rare saiga antelope population now over a million in Kazakhstan"
1774:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1429:
1424:
Biologist Murat Nurushev suggested that the cause might be acute
1213:
905:
784:
731:
301:
281:
104:
79:
8332:
3657:
2944:"Why Did Two-Thirds of These Weird Antelope Suddenly Drop Dead?"
8275:
8025:
7594:
7499:
7322:
7312:
6928:
6440:
6280:
6262:
6253:
6139:
6061:
6013:
6004:
5462:
5453:
5388:
5379:
5369:
5291:
4824:
4637:
4487:
3823:
3811:
3730:
3280:
2660:. International Union for Conservation of Nature. p. 164.
2111:
1822:. Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157.
1433:
1217:
1201:
1181:
1092:
Herd of saiga antelope gathered at the water's edge in western
1082:
1019:
832:
261:
241:
2469:"Endangered antelope numbers bounce back from near extinction"
1227:
Considerable evidence shows the importance of the antelope to
8522:
8049:
8007:
7582:
7252:
7243:
6537:
6464:
6455:
6386:
6115:
6070:
5929:
5854:
5734:
5725:
5236:
5227:
4719:
4710:
3919:
3910:
1777:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 688.
1645:
1205:
1128:
1069:
however, reach a maximum length of 22 cm (8.7 in).
719:
204:
198:
2589:
2393:. United Nations Environment Programme. 2015. Archived from
1288:
7195:
6525:
6413:
6395:
6052:
5905:
5309:
5176:
4992:
4266:
4227:
3140:
2150:
1168:
1112:
510:
504:
6663:
2784:"Kazakhstan extends Saiga antelope hunting ban until 2021"
2563:
2391:"Catastrophic Collapse of Saiga Antelopes in Central Asia"
1272:) is found in a small area in western Mongolia around the
7805:
6404:
6350:
5282:
4664:
1501:
was concluded and came into effect on 24 September 2006.
1116:
507:
2369:"Saiga Antelope Death Toll in Kazakhstan Reaches 85,000"
1248:
Ukraine were driven to extirpation in the 18th century.
1167:
and the establishment of conservation areas. UK charity
5655:
3024:"Свою версию гибели сайгаков выдвинул академик Нурушев"
1034:
since the late Pleistocene-Holocene, probably due to a
6198:
1879:
1852:. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press. pp.
2623:
No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species
2444:"Critically endangered antelope saiga makes comeback"
501:
2654:
Mallon, David P.; Kingswood, Steven Charles (2001).
548:
in the southwest into Mongolia in the northeast and
1983:
1880:Bärmann, E.V.; Rössner, G.E.; Wörheide, G. (2013).
498:
3752:"IFAW Russia – Saiga antelopes are rare creatures"
3192:
3092:"Saiga Population Grows After Mysterious Epidemic"
2814:"ОХОТНИЧЬЯ КУХНЯ. САЙГАК. Рецепты БЛЮД ИЗ САЙГАКА"
2733:
2418:"Saiga Population Grows After Mysterious Epidemic"
2215:
1022:) date back to the transition from Pleistocene to
3689:"Dramatic declines in saiga antelope populations"
2870:"Dramatic declines in saiga antelope populations"
2343:"Mystery over mass antelope deaths in Kazakhstan"
2076:
1029:Before the Holocene, the saiga ranged across the
8609:
3617:"Reproductive collapse in saiga antelope harems"
1440:, and mixed wet, green grass). In May 2015, the
3796:
2653:
1698:Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered
1180:The saiga was not present in Europe during the
2739:
2371:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 22 May 2015
1307:Examples of saiga horn products seized by the
3782:
3018:
3016:
2844:"Казахстан обвинили в дезориентации сайгаков"
2305:. Saiga Conservation Alliance. Archived from
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
3727:saiga-antelope/saiga-tatarica Saiga antelope
2553:. Алма-Ата, КазССР: Наука. pp. 11, 238.
2303:"Welcome to the Saiga Conservation Alliance"
2213:
1447:At a scientific meeting in November 2015 in
2626:. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 210.
1810:
1545:IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2023).
1382:
1134:
1077:Saigas form very large herds that graze in
3871:
3789:
3775:
3733:
3281:Singh, N.J.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2011).
3013:
2994:
2268:
2236:
1499:Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding
1451:, Uzbekistan, Dr. Richard A. Kock (of the
1315:The horn of the saiga antelope is used in
714:) and colleagues showed that the saiga is
388:
176:
144:
122:
8106:
5578:
3704:
3632:
3538:
3469:
3309:
3175:
2885:
2018:
1875:
1873:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
710:data in 2013, Eva Verena Bärmann (of the
596:
7987:
5377:
2610:
2551:Древняя культура Центрального Казахстана
2249:
1842:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1726:
1302:
1287:
1098:
1087:
1072:
974:
4278:
3849:
3235:. Convention on Migratory Species. 2011
2900:
2687:
1953:
1594:
1373:
1220:'s description of an animal called the
8610:
3996:
3762:from the original on 21 December 2021.
3060:
3000:
2956:
2522:
2441:
2144:
1928:
1870:
1751:
1749:
1575:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1408:
1387:
8618:IUCN Red List near threatened species
8214:
8213:
8105:
7974:
7973:
7579:
6662:
6197:
5654:
5116:
4262:
3848:
3770:
3722:CMS Saiga Memorandum of Understanding
3085:
3083:
2616:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2564:В. А. Фадеев; А. А. Слудский (1982).
2277:. Berlin, Germany: Springer. p.
1887:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1799:
1755:
623:and is the sole living member of the
8595:83FA53FD-D6BD-403C-9A1D-6EE9B4115055
8372:6a3f42a1-c760-4f8f-bc0e-3b7dd37891b9
5414:
2941:
1364:
4263:
3746:WWF species profile: Saiga antelope
3089:
3003:"Kazakhstan's econological mystery"
2415:
2273:The ecology of browsing and grazing
2218:International Wildlife Encyclopedia
1746:
1556:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1527:
593:) occurs only in western Mongolia.
13:
7580:
5117:
3450:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
3273:
3080:
2572:
2525:"Book VII, Chapter 4, Paragraph 8"
1263:
1041:
676:Saigini under the same subfamily,
564:. Today, the dominant subspecies (
14:
8679:
3715:
2604:10.1046/j.1365-2907.1998.281024.x
2079:Journal of Archaeological Science
1956:"Late Pleistocene Saiga antelope
668:In 1945, American paleontologist
3706:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00202.x
3399:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00260.x
3333:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00671.x
3311:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01905.x
2970:. Associated Press. 25 May 2015.
2887:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00202.x
2250:Nicholls, Henry (12 June 2015).
2185:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04826.x
540:, spanning the foothills of the
494:
218:
47:
4141:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
3510:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.002
3255:"Western saiga (Russian saiga)"
3247:
3218:
3134:
3109:
3054:
3042:
2974:
2935:
2894:
2861:
2836:
2806:
2776:
2708:
2696:
2681:
2647:
2557:
2542:
2516:
2475:
2461:
2435:
2409:
2383:
2361:
2335:
2321:
2295:
2262:
2214:Burton, M.; Burton, R. (2002).
2207:
2138:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.022
2105:
2070:
2012:
1977:
1947:
1922:
1504:
1488:
1175:
4930:Central American red brocket (
1849:Wildlife of the Tibetan steppe
1836:
1720:
1682:
1639:
998:). Several species of extinct
155:Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve
1:
1931:The Evolution of Artiodactyls
1520:
1216:, judging from the historian
664:; it is confined to Mongolia.
552:in the southeast. During the
536:inhabited a vast area of the
5637:Large subfamily listed below
5625:Large subfamily listed below
5613:Large subfamily listed below
3580:Journal of Wildlife Diseases
3571:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.012
3437:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.009
3370:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.026
3001:Taylor, Adam (29 May 2015).
2523:Strabo (25 September 2012).
2510:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.068
2056:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.09.040
1702:Zoological Society of London
1317:traditional Chinese medicine
1115:. Juveniles are targeted by
970:
7:
8668:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4132:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
4123:Indian spotted chevrotain (
3321:Diversity and Distributions
2911:10.1007/978-3-319-01017-5_2
1908:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.015
1329:Saiga Conservation Alliance
10:
8684:
3592:10.7589/0090-3558-41.1.149
3290:Journal of Applied Ecology
2742:Journal of Applied Ecology
2568:. Алма-Ата, КазССР: Наука.
2118:Quaternary Science Reviews
1493:Under the auspices of the
1357:Saiga meat is compared to
1334:
1283:
1103:Fawn hidden in the grasses
560:from the British Isles to
25:Saiga semi-automatic rifle
18:
8663:Mammals described in 1766
8538:
8222:
8180:
8152:
8128:
8119:
8115:
8101:
8068:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
8059:Domestic Bactrian camel (
8047:
7996:
7983:
7969:
7933:
7909:
7885:
7876:
7758:
7725:
7701:
7668:
7644:
7623:North Sulawesi babirusa (
7602:
7593:
7589:
7575:
7539:
7497:
7320:
7311:
7265:
7241:
7217:
7175:
7124:
7100:
7091:
7063:
7039:
7032:
6986:
6926:
6902:
6815:
6764:
6740:
6716:
6692:
6683:
6679:
6658:
6613:
6514:
6505:
6477:
6453:
6348:
6288:
6279:
6251:
6227:
6218:
6214:
6193:
6152:
6128:
6050:
6026:
6002:
5978:
5927:
5903:
5852:
5747:
5723:
5699:
5675:
5671:
5650:
5630:
5618:
5606:
5569:
5532:
5508:
5475:
5451:
5442:
5405:
5368:
5322:
5262:
5253:
5225:
5174:
5141:
5132:
5128:
5112:
5058:
5024:
4990:
4966:
4942:
4912:Amazonian brown brocket (
4846:
4813:
4789:
4756:
4732:
4708:
4699:
4635:
4584:
4560:
4527:
4476:
4443:
4419:
4287:
4274:
4258:
4245:Large family listed below
4238:
4233:Large family listed below
4226:
4210:Williamson's mouse-deer (
4153:
4111:
4087:
4078:
3987:
3932:
3908:
3899:
3862:
3858:
3844:
3806:
3540:10.1017/S0030605306000135
3030:(in Russian). 24 May 2015
2099:10.1016/j.jas.2014.12.012
2006:10.1080/10292389409380478
1668:10.1134/S2079096113020078
1321:class I protected species
979:Saiga antelope skull and
945:
903:
888:
881:
846:
829:
822:
798:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
746:
619:. It was reclassified as
416:
409:
396:
387:
371:
366:
347:
340:
215:Scientific classification
213:
196:
174:
165:
152:
143:
130:
121:
38:
6309:Domestic water buffalo (
4674:Central Asian red deer (
4299:Bornean yellow muntjac (
2489:Quaternary International
2158:) since the Pleistocene"
2036:Quaternary International
1690:"Saiga/mongolian Saiga (
1453:Royal Veterinary College
1417:illness suspected to be
1383:Mass epizootic mortality
1135:Distribution and habitat
983:mount on display at the
133:Stepnoi Nature Sanctuary
8643:Mammals of Central Asia
7187:Bates' pygmy antelope (
6974:Soemmerring's gazelle (
5079:Yucatan brown brocket (
4308:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
4192:Philippine mouse-deer (
3672:10.1023/A:1022834224257
3551:Biological Conservation
3417:Biological Conservation
3350:Biological Conservation
2788:Silk Road Intelligencer
2688:van Uhm, D. P. (2016).
1278:Mankhan Nature Reserves
712:University of Cambridge
672:classified both in the
556:, it ranged across the
399:Saiga tatarica tatarica
27:. For the surname, see
7897:White-lipped peccary (
7833:Philippine warty pig (
7458:Yellow-backed duiker (
7422:Black-fronted duiker (
7395:White-bellied duiker (
7016:Przewalski's gazelle (
6239:Four-horned antelope (
5037:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
4596:Visayan spotted deer (
4455:European fallow deer (
4398:Northern red muntjac (
4344:Southern red muntjac (
3462:10.1098/rspb.2007.0038
3168:10.1126/sciadv.aao2314
2790:. 2011. Archived from
2705:(Chinese) 23 June 2014
2703:新疆霍尔果斯海关破获一起羚羊角走私案 天山网
2442:Briggs, Helen (2021).
2029:— One species or two?"
2019:Ratajczak, U. (2016).
1954:Currant, A.P. (1987).
1771:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1595:Sokolov, V.E. (1974).
1473:Hemorrhagic septicemia
1403:hemorrhagic septicemia
1312:
1300:
1292:Stuffed saiga herd at
1104:
1096:
987:
728:Antidorcas marsupialis
670:George Gaylord Simpson
597:Taxonomy and phylogeny
8510:Paleobiology Database
8077:Wild Bactrian camel (
7779:Bornean bearded pig (
7770:Palawan bearded pig (
7359:White-legged duiker (
6785:Red-fronted gazelle (
4464:Persian fallow deer (
4380:Roosevelt's muntjac (
4053:Himalayan musk deer (
3962:Reticulated giraffe (
3049:Saiga mystery disease
2692:. New York: Springer.
1461:Pasteurella multocida
1342:Saiga horn, known as
1306:
1294:The Museum of Zoology
1291:
1268:The Mongolian saiga (
1210:Northwest Territories
1188:, it ranged from the
1141:critically endangered
1102:
1091:
1073:Ecology and behaviour
1036:population bottleneck
978:
691:In a revision of the
576:of Russia and in the
544:in the northwest and
23:. For the rifle, see
8367:Fauna Europaea (new)
8164:Pygmy hippopotamus (
7824:Oliver's warty pig (
7449:Red-flanked duiker (
6854:Erlanger's gazelle (
6574:Harnessed bushbuck (
6300:Wild water buffalo (
5777:East Caucasian tur (
5768:West Caucasian tur (
4921:Little red brocket (
4389:Truong Son muntjac (
4201:Vietnam mouse-deer (
4183:Greater mouse-deer (
4062:Siberian musk deer (
3490:Ecological Modelling
1563:: e.T19832A233712210
1509:Currently, only the
1374:Climatic variability
653:: also known as the
542:Carpathian Mountains
8653:Mammals of Mongolia
7797:Celebes warty pig (
7788:Visayan warty pig (
7404:Red forest duiker (
7136:Günther's dik-dik (
6998:Mongolian gazelle (
6803:Heuglin's gazelle (
6794:Thomson's gazelle (
5948:Long-tailed goral (
5343:Mountain reedbuck (
5334:Southern reedbuck (
5186:East African oryx (
5088:White-tailed deer (
4867:Small red brocket (
4834:South Andean deer (
4777:Siberian roe deer (
4768:European roe deer (
4605:Philippine sambar (
4572:Père David's deer (
4174:Lesser mouse-deer (
4035:Kashmir musk deer (
3563:2006BCons.131..244M
3502:2007EcMod.200..511M
3456:(1615): 1293–1299.
3429:2009BCons.142.1442K
3391:2009AnCon..12..355K
3379:Animal Conservation
3362:2010BCons.143.1770S
3302:2011JApEc..48...35S
3160:2018SciA....4.2314K
3090:Yin, Steph (2016).
3061:Zimmer, C. (2015).
3007:The Washington Post
2824:on 21 November 2014
2754:1994JApEc..31...25M
2566:Сайгак в Казахстане
2502:2016QuInt.420..357N
2177:2010MolEc..19.4863C
2130:2017QSRv..160..150J
2091:2015JArSc..54..270L
2048:2016QuInt.420..329R
1998:1994HBio....8..209B
1900:2013MolPE..67..484B
1660:2013ArEco...3...57N
1409:2015–2016 epizootic
1388:1980 to 2015 events
1254:World Wildlife Fund
1186:last glacial period
985:Museum of Osteology
736:Litocranius walleri
448:Linnaeus, 1766
168:Conservation status
16:Species of antelope
7945:Collared peccary (
7815:Flores warty pig (
7656:Giant forest hog (
7518:Maxwell's duiker (
7440:Ruwenzori duiker (
7386:Jentink's duiker (
7295:Sharpe's grysbok (
7051:Tibetan antelope (
6956:Bright's gazelle (
6890:Goitered gazelle (
6863:Mountain gazelle (
6836:Cuvier's gazelle (
6776:Mongalla gazelle (
6164:Pyrenean chamois (
5590:Tibetan antelope (
5544:Black wildebeest (
4371:Reeves's muntjac (
4335:Sumatran muntjac (
4326:Gongshan muntjac (
4099:Water chevrotain (
4026:Alpine musk deer (
3953:Southern giraffe (
3944:Northern giraffe (
3096:The New York Times
3067:The New York Times
2422:The New York Times
1986:Historical Biology
1313:
1301:
1109:Mongolian gazelles
1105:
1097:
988:
528:, is a species of
456:Forster, 1768
45:Pleistocene–Recent
8658:Mammals of Russia
8648:Mammals of Europe
8628:Antelopes of Asia
8605:
8604:
8497:Open Tree of Life
8216:Taxon identifiers
8207:
8206:
8203:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8176:
8175:
8097:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8089:
8088:
7965:
7964:
7961:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7921:Chacoan peccary (
7872:
7871:
7860:Javan warty pig (
7851:Timor warty pig (
7658:H. meinertzhageni
7632:Togian babirusa (
7571:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7527:Walter's duiker (
7467:Abbott's duiker (
7431:Ogilby's duiker (
7377:Harvey's duiker (
7341:Brooke's duiker (
7307:
7306:
7087:
7086:
7028:
7027:
6965:Peter's gazelle (
6947:Grant's gazelle (
6881:Speke's gazelle (
6654:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6531:
6501:
6500:
6489:African buffalo (
6320:B. depressicornis
6275:
6274:
6189:
6188:
6185:
6184:
5957:Himalayan goral (
5779:C. cylindricornis
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5602:
5601:
5565:
5564:
5553:Blue wildebeest (
5487:Common tsessebe (
5438:
5437:
5401:
5400:
5364:
5363:
5276:K. ellipsiprymnus
5249:
5248:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5048:P. mephistophiles
5004:P. mephistophiles
4695:
4694:
4391:M. truongsonensis
4353:Pu Hoat muntjac (
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4222:
4221:
4165:Java mouse-deer (
4074:
4073:
4044:Black musk deer (
4017:Dwarf musk deer (
4008:Anhui musk deer (
3983:
3982:
3946:G. camelopardalis
3895:
3894:
3741:Ultimate Ungulate
2942:Yong, Ed (2018).
2633:978-0-06-055804-8
2288:978-3-540-72422-3
2229:978-0-7614-7282-7
2165:Molecular Ecology
1940:978-0-8018-8735-2
1863:978-0-226-73652-5
1829:978-1-4214-0093-8
1820:Ungulate Taxonomy
1784:978-0-8018-8221-0
1609:Mammalian Species
1365:Physical barriers
1229:Andronovo culture
1107:Saigas, like the
967:
966:
958:
957:
934:
933:
925:
924:
916:
915:
870:
869:
861:
860:
811:
810:
652:
643:
568:) only occurs in
486:
485:
479:
468:
457:
449:
441:
440:Pallas, 1766
437:Antilope scythica
433:
322:
208:
191:
8675:
8598:
8597:
8585:
8584:
8572:
8571:
8559:
8558:
8557:
8531:
8530:
8518:
8517:
8505:
8504:
8492:
8491:
8479:
8478:
8466:
8465:
8453:
8452:
8440:
8439:
8427:
8426:
8414:
8413:
8401:
8400:
8388:
8387:
8375:
8374:
8362:
8361:
8349:
8348:
8336:
8335:
8323:
8322:
8310:
8309:
8297:
8296:
8284:
8283:
8271:
8270:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8243:
8242:
8241:
8211:
8210:
8126:
8125:
8117:
8116:
8103:
8102:
7994:
7993:
7985:
7984:
7971:
7970:
7883:
7882:
7689:Common warthog (
7680:Desert warthog (
7600:
7599:
7591:
7590:
7577:
7576:
7476:Weyns's duiker (
7350:Peters' duiker (
7332:Aders's duiker (
7318:
7317:
7205:Royal antelope (
7163:Salt's dik-dik (
7154:Silver dik-dik (
7145:Kirk's dik-dik (
7098:
7097:
7075:Saiga antelope (
7037:
7036:
6976:N. soemmerringii
6845:Dorcas gazelle (
6690:
6689:
6681:
6680:
6674:
6660:
6659:
6547:Mountain nyala (
6530:
6529:
6521:
6512:
6511:
6467:P. nghetinhensis
6369:European bison (
6360:American bison (
6286:
6285:
6225:
6224:
6216:
6215:
6209:
6195:
6194:
6071:Domestic sheep (
5915:Himalayan tahr (
5882:Mainland serow (
5864:Japanese serow (
5673:
5672:
5666:
5652:
5651:
5576:
5575:
5449:
5448:
5412:
5411:
5375:
5374:
5352:Bohor reedbuck (
5260:
5259:
5239:A. nasomaculatus
5162:Sable antelope (
5139:
5138:
5130:
5129:
5123:
5114:
5113:
4876:Merida brocket (
4706:
4705:
4647:Thorold's deer (
4499:A. calamianensis
4382:M. rooseveltorum
4328:M. gongshanensis
4285:
4284:
4276:
4275:
4269:
4260:
4259:
4085:
4084:
3994:
3993:
3973:G. tippelskirchi
3906:
3905:
3869:
3868:
3860:
3859:
3846:
3845:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3737:
3710:
3708:
3683:
3654:
3636:
3611:
3574:
3544:
3542:
3513:
3496:(3–4): 511–520.
3483:
3473:
3440:
3423:(7): 1442–1449.
3410:
3373:
3356:(7): 1770–1779.
3344:
3315:
3313:
3287:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3179:
3148:Science Advances
3138:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3058:
3052:
3046:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3020:
3011:
3010:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2820:. Archived from
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2720:programs.wcs.org
2716:"Saiga Antelope"
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2587:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2416:Yin, S. (2016).
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2276:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2162:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2033:
2016:
2010:
2009:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1967:UBSS Proceedings
1964:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1808:
1797:
1796:
1753:
1744:
1743:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1704:. Archived from
1686:
1680:
1679:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1635:on 4 March 2016.
1634:
1628:. Archived from
1605:
1592:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1542:
1398:mass mortalities
884:
883:
825:
824:
777:
776:
770:
769:
763:
762:
756:
755:
749:
748:
742:
741:
702:on the basis of
686:Tibetan antelope
650:
642:(Linnaeus, 1766)
641:
634:are recognised:
614:12th edition of
574:Astrakhan Oblast
517:
516:
513:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
474:
463:
455:
447:
439:
428:
392:
353:
333:S. tatarica
317:
223:
222:
202:
185:
180:
179:
153:A female at the
148:
137:Astrakhan Oblast
126:
116:
46:
42:Temporal range:
36:
35:
8683:
8682:
8678:
8677:
8676:
8674:
8673:
8672:
8608:
8607:
8606:
8601:
8593:
8588:
8580:
8575:
8567:
8562:
8553:
8552:
8547:
8534:
8526:
8521:
8513:
8508:
8500:
8495:
8487:
8484:Observation.org
8482:
8474:
8469:
8461:
8456:
8448:
8443:
8435:
8430:
8422:
8417:
8409:
8404:
8396:
8391:
8383:
8378:
8370:
8365:
8357:
8352:
8344:
8339:
8331:
8326:
8318:
8313:
8305:
8300:
8292:
8287:
8279:
8274:
8266:
8261:
8252:
8251:
8246:
8237:
8236:
8231:
8218:
8208:
8195:
8172:
8148:
8111:
8085:
8043:
7979:
7953:
7929:
7905:
7868:
7835:S. philippensis
7772:S. ahoenobarbus
7754:
7746:Red river hog (
7721:
7697:
7664:
7640:
7614:Buru babirusa (
7585:
7559:
7551:Common duiker (
7535:
7493:
7303:
7261:
7237:
7213:
7171:
7120:
7083:
7059:
7024:
7009:P. picticaudata
6982:
6922:
6898:
6892:G. subgutturosa
6811:
6760:
6736:
6712:
6675:
6664:
6642:
6609:
6601:Cape bushbuck (
6594:T. strepsiceros
6523:
6522:
6520:
6497:
6473:
6449:
6344:
6336:Mountain anoa (
6271:
6265:B. tragocamelus
6247:
6241:T. quadricornis
6210:
6199:
6181:
6148:
6124:
6080:Bighorn sheep (
6046:
6022:
5998:
5990:Mountain goat (
5974:
5966:Chinese goral (
5923:
5899:
5884:C. sumatraensis
5848:
5831:Siberian ibex (
5795:Domestic goat (
5743:
5719:
5695:
5687:Barbary sheep (
5667:
5656:
5638:
5626:
5614:
5598:
5561:
5528:
5504:
5471:
5434:
5397:
5360:
5318:
5245:
5221:
5195:Scimitar oryx (
5170:
5153:Roan antelope (
5124:
5118:
5096:
5054:
5046:Northern pudu (
5020:
5012:Southern pudu (
5002:Northern pudu (
4986:
4962:
4938:
4903:Pygmy brocket (
4885:Dwarf brocket (
4842:
4809:
4785:
4752:
4728:
4691:
4631:
4580:
4556:
4523:
4497:Calamian deer (
4472:
4466:D. mesopotamica
4439:
4415:
4409:M. vuquangensis
4407:Giant muntjac (
4317:Fea's muntjac (
4270:
4264:
4246:
4234:
4218:
4149:
4107:
4070:
4028:M. chrysogaster
3979:
3971:Masai giraffe (
3928:
3891:
3854:
3840:
3802:
3795:
3758:. 3 July 2012.
3750:
3718:
3713:
3634:10.1038/422135a
3285:
3276:
3274:Further reading
3271:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3248:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3154:(1): eaao2314.
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3100:
3098:
3088:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3059:
3055:
3047:
3043:
3033:
3031:
3022:
3021:
3014:
2999:
2995:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2968:The Independent
2962:
2961:
2957:
2940:
2936:
2921:
2899:
2895:
2866:
2862:
2852:
2850:
2842:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2794:on 29 July 2011
2782:
2781:
2777:
2762:10.2307/2404596
2738:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2615:
2611:
2588:
2573:
2562:
2558:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2521:
2517:
2480:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2440:
2436:
2426:
2424:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2397:on 4 March 2016
2389:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2289:
2267:
2263:
2248:
2237:
2230:
2212:
2208:
2171:(22): 4863–75.
2160:
2149:
2145:
2110:
2106:
2075:
2071:
2042:(28): 329–347.
2031:
2017:
2013:
1992:(1–4): 209–34.
1982:
1978:
1962:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1927:
1923:
1878:
1871:
1864:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1809:
1800:
1785:
1754:
1747:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1648:Arid Ecosystems
1644:
1640:
1632:
1618:10.2307/3503906
1603:
1593:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1543:
1528:
1523:
1507:
1491:
1485:in early 2017.
1426:ruminal tympany
1411:
1390:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1348:rhinoceros horn
1344:Cornu Antelopis
1337:
1286:
1270:S. t. mongolica
1266:
1264:Mongolian saiga
1178:
1137:
1075:
1044:
1042:Characteristics
1012:S. binagadensis
973:
968:
959:
935:
926:
917:
871:
862:
812:
655:Mongolian saiga
648:S. t. mongolica
616:Systema Naturae
612:in 1766 in the
603:scientific name
599:
591:S. t. mongolica
538:Eurasian steppe
497:
493:
482:
422:
421:
403:S. t. mongolica
380:S. t. mongolica
362:
355:
349:
336:
316:
217:
209:
192:
183:Near Threatened
181:
177:
170:
117:
115:
114:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
44:
43:
40:
32:
29:Saiga (surname)
17:
12:
11:
5:
8681:
8671:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8623:True antelopes
8620:
8603:
8602:
8600:
8599:
8586:
8573:
8560:
8544:
8542:
8540:Capra tatarica
8536:
8535:
8533:
8532:
8519:
8506:
8493:
8480:
8467:
8454:
8441:
8428:
8415:
8402:
8389:
8376:
8363:
8354:Fauna Europaea
8350:
8337:
8324:
8320:saiga-tatarica
8311:
8298:
8285:
8281:saiga-tatarica
8272:
8268:Saiga_tatarica
8259:
8254:Saiga tatarica
8244:
8228:
8226:
8224:Saiga tatarica
8220:
8219:
8205:
8204:
8201:
8200:
8197:
8196:
8194:
8193:
8186:
8184:
8178:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8170:
8166:C. liberiensis
8160:
8158:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8146:
8140:Hippopotamus (
8136:
8134:
8123:
8121:Hippopotamidae
8113:
8112:
8099:
8098:
8095:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8086:
8084:
8083:
8074:
8070:C. dromedarius
8065:
8055:
8053:
8045:
8044:
8042:
8041:
8032:
8023:
8014:
8004:
8002:
7991:
7981:
7980:
7967:
7966:
7963:
7962:
7959:
7958:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7951:
7941:
7939:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7917:
7915:
7907:
7906:
7904:
7903:
7893:
7891:
7880:
7874:
7873:
7870:
7869:
7867:
7866:
7857:
7853:S. timoriensis
7848:
7839:
7830:
7821:
7812:
7806:Domestic pig (
7803:
7794:
7785:
7776:
7766:
7764:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7752:
7743:
7733:
7731:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7709:
7707:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7695:
7686:
7682:P. aethiopicus
7676:
7674:
7666:
7665:
7663:
7662:
7652:
7650:
7642:
7641:
7639:
7638:
7634:B. togeanensis
7629:
7620:
7610:
7608:
7597:
7587:
7586:
7573:
7572:
7569:
7568:
7565:
7564:
7561:
7560:
7558:
7557:
7547:
7545:
7537:
7536:
7534:
7533:
7524:
7515:
7505:
7503:
7495:
7494:
7492:
7491:
7485:Zebra duiker (
7482:
7473:
7464:
7460:C. silvicultor
7455:
7446:
7437:
7428:
7419:
7413:Black duiker (
7410:
7401:
7397:C. leucogaster
7392:
7383:
7374:
7365:
7356:
7347:
7338:
7328:
7326:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7302:
7301:
7292:
7286:Cape grysbok (
7283:
7273:
7271:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7259:
7249:
7247:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7235:
7229:Klipspringer (
7225:
7223:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7202:
7193:
7183:
7181:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7160:
7156:M. piacentinii
7151:
7142:
7132:
7130:
7122:
7121:
7119:
7118:
7108:
7106:
7095:
7089:
7088:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7081:
7071:
7069:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7057:
7047:
7045:
7034:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7018:P. przewalskii
7013:
7004:
6994:
6992:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6980:
6971:
6962:
6953:
6944:
6938:Dama gazelle (
6934:
6932:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6920:
6910:
6908:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6887:
6878:
6872:Rhim gazelle (
6869:
6860:
6851:
6842:
6833:
6823:
6821:
6813:
6812:
6810:
6809:
6800:
6791:
6782:
6772:
6770:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6748:
6746:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6730:A. marsupialis
6724:
6722:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6710:
6700:
6698:
6687:
6677:
6676:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6648:
6647:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6634:Common eland (
6631:
6621:
6619:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6598:
6592:Greater kudu (
6589:
6580:
6571:
6562:
6553:
6544:
6534:
6532:
6509:
6503:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6495:
6485:
6483:
6475:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6461:
6459:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6438:
6429:
6420:
6411:
6405:Domestic yak (
6402:
6393:
6384:
6375:
6366:
6356:
6354:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6342:
6333:
6329:B. mindorensis
6324:
6318:Lowland anoa (
6315:
6306:
6296:
6294:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6259:
6257:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6245:
6235:
6233:
6222:
6212:
6211:
6191:
6190:
6187:
6186:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6179:
6170:
6160:
6158:
6150:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6136:
6134:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6113:
6104:
6095:
6086:
6077:
6068:
6058:
6056:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6044:
6038:Nilgiri tahr (
6034:
6032:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6010:
6008:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5986:
5984:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5972:
5963:
5954:
5945:
5935:
5933:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5921:
5911:
5909:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5891:Taiwan serow (
5888:
5879:
5870:
5860:
5858:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5837:
5828:
5822:Iberian ibex (
5819:
5810:
5801:
5792:
5783:
5774:
5765:
5755:
5753:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5729:
5721:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5711:Arabian tahr (
5707:
5705:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5683:
5681:
5669:
5668:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5628:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5586:
5584:
5573:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5550:
5540:
5538:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5493:
5483:
5481:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5446:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5422:
5420:
5409:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5385:
5383:
5372:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5349:
5345:R. fulvorufula
5340:
5330:
5328:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5307:
5298:
5289:
5280:
5270:
5268:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5223:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5213:Arabian oryx (
5210:
5201:
5192:
5182:
5180:
5172:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5159:
5149:
5147:
5136:
5126:
5125:
5110:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5090:O. virginianus
5085:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5009:
4998:
4996:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4956:O. bezoarticus
4950:
4948:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4927:
4918:
4909:
4900:
4896:M. gouazoubira
4894:Gray brocket (
4891:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4840:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4797:
4795:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4774:
4764:
4762:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4740:
4738:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4716:
4714:
4703:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4680:
4671:
4662:
4653:
4649:C. albirostris
4643:
4641:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4578:
4568:
4566:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4512:
4503:
4494:
4484:
4482:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4461:
4451:
4449:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4433:E. cephalophus
4427:
4425:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4377:
4368:
4362:Leaf muntjac (
4359:
4355:M. puhoatensis
4350:
4341:
4332:
4323:
4314:
4305:
4295:
4293:
4282:
4272:
4271:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4212:T. williamsoni
4207:
4198:
4189:
4180:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4138:
4129:
4119:
4117:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:M. moschiferus
4059:
4055:M. leucogaster
4050:
4041:
4032:
4023:
4019:M. berezovskii
4014:
4004:
4002:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3968:
3959:
3950:
3940:
3938:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3916:
3914:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3866:
3864:Antilocapridae
3856:
3855:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3836:Laurasiatheria
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3794:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3724:
3717:
3716:External links
3714:
3712:
3711:
3699:(4): 340–345.
3684:
3655:
3612:
3586:(1): 149–162.
3575:
3557:(2): 244–254.
3545:
3521:Saiga tatarica
3514:
3485:
3441:
3411:
3385:(4): 355–363.
3374:
3345:
3327:(4): 663–675.
3316:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3257:. Zootierliste
3246:
3217:
3191:
3133:
3108:
3079:
3053:
3041:
3012:
2993:
2990:. 27 May 2015.
2973:
2955:
2934:
2919:
2893:
2880:(4): 340–345.
2860:
2835:
2805:
2775:
2732:
2707:
2695:
2680:
2667:978-2831705941
2666:
2646:
2632:
2609:
2571:
2556:
2541:
2515:
2484:Saiga tatarica
2474:
2460:
2434:
2408:
2382:
2360:
2334:
2320:
2309:on 22 May 2013
2294:
2287:
2261:
2235:
2228:
2206:
2156:Saiga tatarica
2143:
2104:
2069:
2027:Saiga tatarica
2023:Saiga borealis
2011:
1976:
1958:Saiga tatarica
1946:
1939:
1921:
1869:
1862:
1844:Schaller, G.B.
1835:
1828:
1798:
1783:
1763:Saiga tatarica
1745:
1734:Capra tatarica
1719:
1708:on 30 May 2008
1692:Saiga tatarica
1681:
1638:
1599:Saiga tatarica
1574:
1549:Saiga tatarica
1525:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1506:
1503:
1490:
1487:
1442:United Nations
1419:pasteurellosis
1410:
1407:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1363:
1336:
1333:
1298:St. Petersburg
1285:
1282:
1265:
1262:
1233:cave paintings
1177:
1174:
1156:pasteurellosis
1136:
1133:
1074:
1071:
1043:
1040:
1031:mammoth steppe
972:
969:
965:
964:
961:
960:
956:
955:
952:
951:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
932:
931:
928:
927:
923:
922:
919:
918:
914:
913:
910:
909:
902:
899:
898:
895:
894:
887:
882:
880:
877:
876:
873:
872:
868:
867:
864:
863:
859:
858:
855:
854:
845:
842:
841:
838:
837:
828:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
809:
808:
805:
804:
797:
794:
793:
790:
789:
780:
775:
773:
768:
766:
761:
759:
754:
752:
747:
745:
740:
722:formed by the
666:
665:
662:Saiga borealis
651:Bannikov, 1946
645:
639:S. t. tatarica
621:Saiga tatarica
608:was coined by
606:Capra tatarica
598:
595:
566:S. t. tatarica
558:mammoth steppe
521:Saiga tatarica
490:saiga antelope
484:
483:
481:
480:
469:
458:
450:
445:Capra tatarica
442:
434:
426:Antilope saiga
419:
418:
417:
414:
413:
407:
406:
394:
393:
385:
384:
383:
382:
377:
375:S. t. tatarica
369:
368:
364:
363:
356:
351:Saiga tatarica
345:
344:
338:
337:
330:
328:
324:
323:
309:
305:
304:
299:
295:
294:
289:
285:
284:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
211:
210:
197:
194:
193:
175:
172:
171:
166:
163:
162:
159:Kakhovka Raion
150:
149:
141:
140:
131:A male at the
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
41:
39:Saiga antelope
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8680:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8619:
8616:
8615:
8613:
8596:
8591:
8587:
8583:
8578:
8574:
8570:
8565:
8561:
8556:
8550:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8541:
8537:
8529:
8524:
8520:
8516:
8511:
8507:
8503:
8498:
8494:
8490:
8485:
8481:
8477:
8472:
8468:
8464:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8446:
8442:
8438:
8433:
8429:
8425:
8420:
8416:
8412:
8407:
8403:
8399:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8381:
8377:
8373:
8368:
8364:
8360:
8355:
8351:
8347:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8329:
8325:
8321:
8316:
8312:
8308:
8303:
8299:
8295:
8290:
8286:
8282:
8277:
8273:
8269:
8264:
8260:
8255:
8249:
8245:
8240:
8234:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8221:
8217:
8212:
8192:
8188:
8187:
8185:
8183:
8179:
8169:
8167:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8157:
8156:
8151:
8145:
8143:
8138:
8137:
8135:
8133:
8132:
8127:
8124:
8122:
8118:
8114:
8110:
8104:
8100:
8082:
8080:
8075:
8073:
8071:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8061:C. bactrianus
8057:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8051:
8046:
8040:
8038:
8033:
8031:
8029:
8024:
8022:
8020:
8015:
8013:
8011:
8006:
8005:
8003:
8001:
8000:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7982:
7978:
7972:
7968:
7950:
7948:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7938:
7937:
7932:
7926:
7924:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7902:
7900:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7875:
7865:
7863:
7862:S. verrucosus
7858:
7856:
7854:
7849:
7847:
7845:
7840:
7838:
7836:
7831:
7829:
7827:
7822:
7820:
7818:
7813:
7811:
7809:
7808:S. domesticus
7804:
7802:
7800:
7799:S. celebensis
7795:
7793:
7791:
7786:
7784:
7782:
7777:
7775:
7773:
7768:
7767:
7765:
7763:
7762:
7757:
7751:
7749:
7744:
7742:
7740:
7735:
7734:
7732:
7730:
7729:
7728:Potamochoerus
7724:
7718:
7716:
7711:
7710:
7708:
7706:
7705:
7700:
7694:
7692:
7687:
7685:
7683:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7673:
7672:
7667:
7661:
7659:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7649:
7648:
7643:
7637:
7635:
7630:
7628:
7626:
7625:B. celebensis
7621:
7619:
7617:
7612:
7611:
7609:
7607:
7606:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7592:
7588:
7584:
7578:
7574:
7556:
7554:
7549:
7548:
7546:
7544:
7543:
7538:
7532:
7530:
7525:
7523:
7521:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7509:Blue duiker (
7507:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7490:
7488:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7447:
7445:
7443:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7429:
7427:
7425:
7424:C. nigrifrons
7420:
7418:
7416:
7411:
7409:
7407:
7406:C. natalensis
7402:
7400:
7398:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7384:
7382:
7380:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7357:
7355:
7353:
7352:C. callipygus
7348:
7346:
7344:
7339:
7337:
7335:
7330:
7329:
7327:
7325:
7324:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7310:
7300:
7298:
7293:
7291:
7289:
7284:
7282:
7280:
7279:R. campestris
7275:
7274:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7258:
7256:
7251:
7250:
7248:
7246:
7245:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7231:O. oreotragus
7227:
7226:
7224:
7222:
7221:
7216:
7210:
7208:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7194:
7192:
7190:
7185:
7184:
7182:
7180:
7179:
7174:
7168:
7166:
7161:
7159:
7157:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7143:
7141:
7139:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7117:
7115:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7105:
7104:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7090:
7080:
7078:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7056:
7054:
7049:
7048:
7046:
7044:
7043:
7038:
7035:
7031:
7021:
7019:
7014:
7012:
7010:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6996:
6995:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6979:
6977:
6972:
6970:
6968:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6945:
6943:
6941:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6919:
6917:
6912:
6911:
6909:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6895:
6893:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6879:
6877:
6875:
6874:G. leptoceros
6870:
6868:
6866:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6843:
6841:
6839:
6834:
6832:
6830:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6820:
6819:
6814:
6808:
6806:
6801:
6799:
6797:
6792:
6790:
6788:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6778:E. albonotata
6774:
6773:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6763:
6757:
6755:
6754:A. cervicapra
6750:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6739:
6733:
6731:
6726:
6725:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6715:
6709:
6707:
6702:
6701:
6699:
6697:
6696:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6668:
6661:
6657:
6639:
6637:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6625:Giant eland (
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6603:T. sylvaticus
6599:
6597:
6595:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6565:Lesser kudu (
6563:
6561:
6559:
6554:
6552:
6550:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6527:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6494:
6492:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6481:
6476:
6470:
6468:
6463:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6446:
6444:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6430:
6428:
6426:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6394:
6392:
6390:
6385:
6383:
6381:
6380:B. domesticus
6378:Bali cattle (
6376:
6374:
6372:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6347:
6341:
6339:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6316:
6314:
6312:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6298:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6292:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6268:
6266:
6261:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6231:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6213:
6207:
6203:
6196:
6192:
6178:
6176:
6171:
6169:
6167:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6121:
6119:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6082:O. canadensis
6078:
6076:
6074:
6069:
6067:
6065:
6060:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6054:
6049:
6043:
6041:
6036:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6029:Nilgiritragus
6025:
6019:
6017:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6001:
5995:
5993:
5992:O. americanus
5988:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5982:
5977:
5971:
5969:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5920:
5918:
5917:H. jemlahicus
5913:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5887:
5885:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5845:
5843:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5829:
5827:
5825:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5813:Nubian ibex (
5811:
5809:
5807:
5804:Alpine ibex (
5802:
5800:
5798:
5793:
5791:
5789:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5757:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5738:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5709:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5692:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5670:
5664:
5660:
5653:
5649:
5635:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5621:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5595:
5593:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5571:Pantholopinae
5568:
5558:
5556:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5525:
5523:
5522:A. buselaphus
5518:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5499:
5494:
5492:
5490:
5485:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5474:
5468:
5466:
5461:
5460:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5441:
5431:
5429:
5426:Grey rhebok (
5424:
5423:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5394:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5370:Aepycerotinae
5367:
5357:
5355:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5341:
5339:
5337:
5332:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5315:
5313:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5301:Nile lechwe (
5299:
5297:
5295:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5281:
5279:
5277:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5252:
5242:
5240:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5229:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5134:Hippotraginae
5131:
5127:
5122:
5115:
5111:
5093:
5091:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5077:
5075:
5073:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5015:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4983:
4981:
4980:B. dichotomus
4976:
4975:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4959:
4957:
4954:Pampas deer (
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4914:M. nemorivaga
4910:
4908:
4906:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4892:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4858:Red brocket (
4856:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4827:H. antisensis
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4749:
4747:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4718:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4712:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4688:
4686:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4667:C. canadensis
4663:
4661:
4659:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4626:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4616:R. timorensis
4612:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4577:
4575:
4574:E. davidianus
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4541:R. duvaucelii
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4506:Bawean deer (
4504:
4502:
4500:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4480:
4475:
4469:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4431:Tufted deer (
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4410:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4364:M. putaoensis
4360:
4358:
4356:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4310:M. crinifrons
4306:
4304:
4302:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4261:
4257:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4225:
4215:
4213:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4203:T. versicolor
4199:
4197:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4181:
4179:
4177:
4172:
4170:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4010:M. anhuiensis
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3974:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3964:G. reticulata
3960:
3958:
3956:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3780:
3778:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3660:Human Ecology
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3627:(6928): 135.
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3522:
3515:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3256:
3250:
3231:
3229:
3221:
3205:
3201:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3137:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3097:
3093:
3086:
3084:
3068:
3064:
3057:
3051:; 29 May 2015
3050:
3045:
3029:
3028:Informburo.kz
3025:
3019:
3017:
3009:. Worldviews.
3008:
3004:
2997:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2951:
2950:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2920:9783319010168
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2691:
2684:
2669:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2592:Mammal Review
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2567:
2560:
2552:
2545:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2464:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2370:
2364:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2330:
2324:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2231:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2157:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1959:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:(2): 484–93.
1893:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1600:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1518:
1517:keep saigas.
1516:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1395:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1204:and Canada's
1203:
1199:
1198:Bering Strait
1195:
1191:
1190:British Isles
1187:
1184:. During the
1183:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1145:IUCN Red List
1142:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:golden eagles
1122:
1121:steppe eagles
1118:
1114:
1110:
1101:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
986:
982:
977:
963:
962:
954:
953:
950:
949:
943:
942:
939:
938:
930:
929:
921:
920:
912:
911:
908:
907:
901:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
886:
885:
879:
878:
875:
874:
866:
865:
857:
856:
853:
852:
851:
844:
843:
840:
839:
836:
835:
834:
827:
826:
820:
819:
816:
815:
807:
806:
803:
802:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
786:
779:
778:
772:
771:
765:
764:
758:
757:
751:
750:
744:
743:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:mitochondrial
705:
701:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
663:
660:
656:
649:
646:
640:
637:
636:
635:
633:
629:
626:
622:
618:
617:
611:
610:Carl Linnaeus
607:
604:
594:
592:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:which during
531:
527:
523:
522:
515:
491:
477:
473:
472:Ibex imberbis
470:
466:
462:
459:
454:
451:
446:
443:
438:
435:
431:
427:
424:
423:
415:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
391:
386:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
370:
365:
360:
354:
352:
346:
343:
342:Binomial name
339:
335:
334:
329:
326:
325:
320:
315:
314:
310:
307:
306:
303:
300:
297:
296:
293:
290:
287:
286:
283:
280:
277:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
227:
226:
221:
216:
212:
206:
200:
195:
189:
184:
173:
169:
164:
160:
156:
151:
147:
142:
138:
134:
129:
125:
120:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
8638:Desert fauna
8633:EDGE species
8539:
8223:
8165:
8153:
8142:H. amphibius
8141:
8131:Hippopotamus
8129:
8109:Whippomorpha
8078:
8069:
8060:
8048:
8036:
8027:
8018:
8009:
7997:
7946:
7934:
7922:
7910:
7898:
7886:
7861:
7852:
7843:
7834:
7825:
7816:
7807:
7798:
7790:S. cebifrons
7789:
7780:
7771:
7759:
7747:
7738:
7726:
7714:
7702:
7691:P. africanus
7690:
7681:
7671:Phacochoerus
7669:
7657:
7645:
7633:
7624:
7616:B. babyrussa
7615:
7603:
7552:
7540:
7528:
7520:P. maxwellii
7519:
7511:P. monticola
7510:
7498:
7486:
7477:
7468:
7459:
7451:C. rufilatus
7450:
7441:
7432:
7423:
7414:
7405:
7396:
7387:
7378:
7369:
7368:Bay duiker (
7361:C. crusalbum
7360:
7351:
7342:
7333:
7321:
7313:Cephalophini
7296:
7288:R. melanotis
7287:
7278:
7266:
7254:
7242:
7230:
7218:
7206:
7198:N. moschatus
7197:
7188:
7176:
7164:
7155:
7146:
7138:M. guentheri
7137:
7125:
7114:D. megalotis
7113:
7101:
7076:
7074:
7065:
7064:
7053:P. hodgsonii
7052:
7040:
7017:
7008:
7000:P. gutturosa
6999:
6987:
6975:
6966:
6957:
6948:
6939:
6927:
6915:
6903:
6891:
6882:
6873:
6864:
6856:G. erlangeri
6855:
6846:
6837:
6829:G. bennettii
6828:
6816:
6804:
6796:E. thomsonii
6795:
6787:E. rufifrons
6786:
6777:
6765:
6753:
6741:
6729:
6717:
6705:
6693:
6635:
6627:T. derbianus
6626:
6614:
6602:
6593:
6584:
6575:
6566:
6558:T. eurycerus
6557:
6548:
6539:
6515:
6507:Tragelaphini
6490:
6478:
6466:
6454:
6442:
6433:
6425:B. javanicus
6424:
6415:
6407:B. grunniens
6406:
6397:
6389:B. frontalis
6388:
6379:
6370:
6361:
6349:
6337:
6328:
6319:
6310:
6301:
6289:
6264:
6252:
6240:
6228:
6175:R. rupicapra
6174:
6166:R. pyrenaica
6165:
6153:
6141:
6129:
6117:
6108:
6107:Snow sheep (
6099:
6090:
6089:Dall sheep (
6081:
6072:
6063:
6051:
6040:N. hylocrius
6039:
6027:
6016:O. moschatus
6015:
6003:
5991:
5979:
5967:
5958:
5949:
5940:
5928:
5916:
5904:
5892:
5883:
5874:
5865:
5853:
5841:
5840:Walia ibex (
5832:
5824:C. pyrenaica
5823:
5814:
5805:
5796:
5788:C. falconeri
5787:
5778:
5769:
5760:
5748:
5737:B. taxicolor
5736:
5724:
5712:
5700:
5688:
5676:
5592:P. hodgsonii
5591:
5579:
5554:
5545:
5535:Connochaetes
5533:
5521:
5520:Hartebeest (
5509:
5497:
5488:
5476:
5464:
5452:
5444:Alcelaphinae
5428:P. capreolus
5427:
5415:
5390:
5378:
5353:
5344:
5336:R. arundinum
5335:
5323:
5311:
5303:K. megaceros
5302:
5293:
5284:
5275:
5263:
5238:
5226:
5214:
5205:
5196:
5187:
5175:
5163:
5154:
5142:
5089:
5080:
5071:
5059:
5047:
5038:
5025:
5013:
5003:
4991:
4979:
4978:Marsh deer (
4967:
4955:
4943:
4931:
4922:
4913:
4904:
4895:
4886:
4877:
4868:
4860:M. americana
4859:
4847:
4835:
4826:
4816:Hippocamelus
4814:
4802:
4790:
4778:
4770:C. capreolus
4769:
4757:
4745:
4744:Water deer (
4733:
4721:
4709:
4684:
4675:
4666:
4657:
4648:
4636:
4624:
4615:
4607:R. mariannus
4606:
4597:
4585:
4573:
4561:
4549:
4548:Eld's deer (
4540:
4539:Barasingha (
4528:
4516:
4507:
4498:
4489:
4477:
4465:
4456:
4444:
4432:
4420:
4408:
4400:M. vaginalis
4399:
4390:
4381:
4372:
4363:
4354:
4345:
4336:
4327:
4318:
4309:
4301:M. atherodes
4300:
4288:
4211:
4202:
4194:T. nigricans
4193:
4184:
4175:
4167:T. javanicus
4166:
4154:
4142:
4133:
4124:
4112:
4101:H. aquaticus
4100:
4088:
4063:
4054:
4045:
4036:
4027:
4018:
4009:
3997:
3972:
3963:
3954:
3945:
3933:
3922:O. johnstoni
3921:
3909:
3885:A. americana
3884:
3872:
3834:Superorder:
3828:Infraclass:
3799:Artiodactyla
3755:
3696:
3692:
3663:
3659:
3624:
3620:
3583:
3579:
3554:
3550:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3493:
3489:
3453:
3449:
3420:
3416:
3382:
3378:
3353:
3349:
3324:
3320:
3296:(1): 35–46.
3293:
3289:
3259:. Retrieved
3249:
3237:. Retrieved
3227:
3220:
3208:. Retrieved
3194:
3151:
3147:
3136:
3124:. Retrieved
3120:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:
3070:. Retrieved
3066:
3056:
3044:
3032:. Retrieved
3027:
3006:
2996:
2985:
2976:
2967:
2958:
2949:The Atlantic
2947:
2937:
2902:
2896:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2851:. Retrieved
2847:
2838:
2826:. Retrieved
2822:the original
2817:
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2792:the original
2787:
2778:
2748:(1): 25–39.
2745:
2741:
2735:
2723:. Retrieved
2719:
2710:
2698:
2689:
2683:
2671:. Retrieved
2656:
2649:
2637:. Retrieved
2622:
2612:
2595:
2591:
2565:
2559:
2550:
2544:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:
2518:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2477:
2463:
2451:. Retrieved
2437:
2425:. Retrieved
2421:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:the original
2385:
2373:. Retrieved
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2346:
2337:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2307:the original
2297:
2272:
2264:
2256:The Guardian
2255:
2217:
2209:
2168:
2164:
2155:
2146:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2039:
2035:
2026:
2022:
2014:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1970:
1966:
1957:
1949:
1930:
1924:
1891:
1885:
1848:
1838:
1819:
1773:
1769:Wilson, D.E.
1762:
1739:
1733:
1728:Linnaeus, C.
1722:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1697:
1691:
1684:
1654:(2): 57–64.
1651:
1647:
1641:
1630:the original
1607:
1598:
1565:. Retrieved
1560:
1554:
1548:
1515:Askania-Nova
1508:
1505:In captivity
1492:
1489:Conservation
1480:
1477:
1470:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1423:
1412:
1391:
1377:
1368:
1356:
1352:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1325:
1314:
1269:
1267:
1250:
1237:
1226:
1221:
1194:Central Asia
1179:
1176:Former range
1149:
1138:
1106:
1076:
1067:
1049:
1045:
1028:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:(nearly 0.1
989:
947:
946:
904:
889:
848:
847:
831:
830:
799:
783:
782:
735:
727:
690:
682:phylogenetic
667:
661:
647:
638:
627:
620:
615:
605:
600:
590:
565:
525:
520:
519:
489:
487:
476:S. G. Gmelin
471:
460:
452:
444:
436:
425:
402:
401:(green) and
398:
379:
374:
350:
348:
332:
331:
312:
311:
272:Artiodactyla
33:
8393:iNaturalist
8248:Wikispecies
8019:L. guanicoe
7878:Tayassuidae
7842:Wild boar (
7781:S. barbatus
7739:P. larvatus
7715:P. salvania
7713:Pygmy hog (
7647:Hylochoerus
7500:Philantomba
7388:C. jentinki
7370:C. dorsalis
7323:Cephalophus
7207:N. pygmaeus
7165:M. saltiana
7103:Dorcatragus
7077:S. tatarica
6967:N. petersii
6905:Litocranius
6805:E. tilonura
6752:Blackbuck (
6728:Springbok (
6671:Antilopinae
6669:(subfamily
6616:Taurotragus
6583:Sitatunga (
6576:T. scriptus
6567:T. imberbis
6524:(including
6517:Tragelaphus
6338:B. quarlesi
6220:Boselaphini
6204:(subfamily
6109:O. nivicola
5950:N. caudatus
5939:Red goral (
5930:Naemorhedus
5893:C. swinhoei
5873:Red serow (
5855:Capricornis
5833:C. sibirica
5770:C. caucasia
5761:C. aegagrus
5759:Wild goat (
5713:A. jayakari
5702:Arabitragus
5661:(subfamily
5632:Antilopinae
5555:C. taurinus
5498:D. pygargus
5391:A. melampus
5312:K. vardonii
5274:Waterbuck (
5215:O. leucoryx
5144:Hippotragus
5072:O. hemionus
5070:Mule deer (
4969:Blastocerus
4878:M. bricenii
4836:H. bisulcus
4803:R. tarandus
4779:C. pygargus
4701:Capreolinae
4683:Sika deer (
4625:R. unicolor
4614:Rusa deer (
4517:A. porcinus
4337:M. montanus
4134:M. kathygre
3883:Pronghorn (
3874:Antilocapra
3729:media from
3533:: 103–107.
3261:28 November
3239:19 December
3204:ProMED-mail
2798:19 December
2673:19 December
2639:19 December
2598:(1): 1–52.
2534:19 December
2496:: 357–362.
2353:19 December
2313:19 December
2124:: 150–161.
1973:(1): 74–80.
1712:19 December
1612:(38): 1–4.
1567:11 December
1483:goat plague
1245:Ural Rivers
1160:Betpak-Dala
1152:Ural region
1079:semideserts
1004:S. borealis
992:Pleistocene
659:Pleistocene
586:Betpak-Dala
554:Pleistocene
467:, 1816
461:Cemas colus
453:Capra sayga
432:, 1766
367:Subspecies
292:Antilopinae
288:Subfamily:
201:Appendix II
8612:Categories
8555:Q122271287
8155:Choeropsis
8037:L. vicugna
7923:C. wagneri
7826:S. oliveri
7817:S. heureni
7553:S. grimmia
7542:Sylvicapra
7529:P. walteri
7442:C. rubidis
7433:C. ogilbyi
7379:C. harveyi
7343:C. brookei
7297:R. sharpei
7277:Steenbok (
7268:Raphicerus
7220:Oreotragus
7093:Neotragini
7042:Pantholops
6958:N. notatus
6916:L. walleri
6865:G. gazella
6838:G. cuvieri
6827:Chinkara (
6719:Antidorcas
6706:A. clarkei
6695:Ammodorcas
6685:Antilopini
6585:T. spekeii
6549:T. buxtoni
6540:T. angasii
6432:Wild yak (
6416:B. indicus
6371:B. bonasus
6311:B. bubalis
6254:Boselaphus
6230:Tetracerus
6100:O. gmelini
5968:N. griseus
5941:N. baileyi
5906:Hemitragus
5875:C. rubidus
5866:C. crispus
5815:C. nubiana
5678:Ammotragus
5581:Pantholops
5511:Alcelaphus
5496:Bontebok (
5489:D. lunatus
5478:Damaliscus
5465:B. hunteri
5354:R. redunca
5255:Reduncinae
5206:O. gazella
5155:H. equinus
5081:O. pandora
5061:Odocoileus
4945:Ozotoceros
4801:Reindeer (
4746:H. inermis
4735:Hydropotes
4658:C. elaphus
4656:Red deer (
4598:R. alfredi
4515:Hog deer (
4373:M. reevesi
4346:M. muntjak
4176:T. kanchil
4143:M. meminna
4090:Hyemoschus
4080:Tragulidae
4037:M. cupreus
3955:G. giraffa
3901:Giraffidae
3852:Ruminantia
3666:: 87–110.
3072:3 February
1960:on Mendip"
1812:Groves, C.
1521:References
1511:Almaty Zoo
1311:government
1258:rhinoceros
1094:Kazakhstan
730:) and the
700:Antilopini
632:subspecies
161:, Ukraine
8107:Suborder
8017:Guanaco (
7989:Camelidae
7975:Suborder
7947:D. tajacu
7936:Dicotyles
7912:Catagonus
7899:T. pecari
7844:S. scrofa
7748:P. porcus
7737:Bushpig (
7605:Babyrousa
7581:Suborder
7478:C. weynsi
7469:C. spadix
7334:C. adersi
7255:O. ourebi
7189:N. batesi
7178:Neotragus
7147:M. kirkii
6949:N. granti
6914:Gerenuk (
6883:G. spekei
6847:G. dorcas
6704:Dibatag (
6491:S. caffer
6456:Pseudoryx
6443:B. taurus
6423:Banteng (
6398:B. gaurus
6327:Tamaraw (
6173:Chamois (
6155:Rupicapra
6142:P. nayaur
6118:O. vignei
6098:Mouflon (
5797:C. hircus
5786:Markhor (
5689:A. lervia
5454:Beatragus
5380:Aepyceros
5204:Gemsbok (
5197:O. dammah
5039:P. carlae
4932:M. temama
4923:M. rufina
4887:M. chunyi
4869:M. bororo
4759:Capreolus
4685:C. nippon
4676:C. hanglu
4563:Elaphurus
4508:A. kuhlii
4422:Elaphodus
4290:Muntiacus
4125:M. indica
4114:Moschiola
4046:M. fuscus
3989:Moschidae
3850:Suborder
3810:Kingdom:
2818:Supercook
2618:Ellis, R.
2529:Geography
2201:205363165
2085:: 270–8.
2064:131699605
1816:Grubb, P.
1761:"Species
1757:Grubb, P.
1466:bacterium
1438:sainfoins
1415:epizootic
1394:ungulates
1309:Hong Kong
1008:S. prisca
981:taxidermy
971:Evolution
891:Springbok
801:Blackbuck
724:springbok
693:phylogeny
550:Dzungaria
534:antiquity
327:Species:
238:Kingdom:
232:Eukaryota
139:, Russia
8549:Wikidata
8523:Species+
8463:14200666
8411:11113630
8233:Wikidata
8079:C. ferus
8035:Vicuña (
8028:L. pacos
8026:Alpaca (
8010:L. glama
7977:Tylopoda
7487:C. zebra
7415:C. niger
6989:Procapra
6767:Eudorcas
6743:Antilope
6480:Syncerus
6441:Cattle (
6434:B. mutus
6362:B. bison
6302:B. arnee
6263:Nilgai (
6140:Bharal (
6131:Pseudois
6091:O. dalli
6073:O. aries
6064:O. ammon
6062:Argali (
6014:Muskox (
5981:Oreamnos
5959:N. goral
5842:C. walie
5726:Budorcas
5663:Caprinae
5608:Caprinae
5463:Hirola (
5407:Peleinae
5389:Impala (
5294:K. leche
5292:Lechwe (
5188:O. beisa
5164:H. niger
4825:Taruca (
4792:Rangifer
4722:A. alces
4623:Sambar (
4550:R. eldii
4530:Rucervus
4488:Chital (
4280:Cervinae
4267:Cervidae
4228:Cervidae
4156:Tragulus
3830:Eutheria
3824:Mammalia
3818:Chordata
3816:Phylum:
3812:Animalia
3760:Archived
3680:67810286
3643:12634775
3608:22806238
3600:15827221
3480:17341456
3407:86008409
3341:83904273
3186:29376120
3126:19 April
2929:55229757
2848:lenta.ru
2620:(2004).
2448:BBC News
2427:19 April
2401:5 August
2347:BBC News
2193:20874761
1916:23485920
1846:(1998).
1818:(2011).
1793:62265494
1759:(2005).
1730:(1766).
1676:18451816
1449:Tashkent
1196:and the
1192:through
1165:poaching
1024:Holocene
1016:S. ricei
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7253:Oribi (
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3156:Bibcode
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