39:
1121:
193:
368:, Hajji Manuchehr Khan. When these efforts proved to be unsuccessful, the Safavids sent a 30,000 strong army, which defeated the tribal Daghestani forces. Nevertheless, however, the result was "status quo ante". The Safavid rulers allowed their subject, the Shamkhal, to regain his post as local ruler whereas the Shamkhal sent a son, Gol-Mehr Beg as hostage to the Safavid capital
487:
with the
Russians, whereby they were forced to give back the territories in Daghestan back that had been taken by Peter the Great in 1722-1723. He also conducted military campaigns in Daghestan which re-subjected the Daghestani tribes, and defeated Shamkhal Sorkhay Khan, who had rebelled earlier
442:
Fath-Ali Khan
Daghestani, was made at the instigation of the eunuch faction within the royal court, who had persuaded the shah that a successful end of the campaign would do the Safavid realm more harm than good. In their view, it would enable Hosaynqoli Khan, the Safavid
438:, the commander-in-chief made significant progress in putting a halt to the Lezgins. However, the initially successful counter-campaign was abandoned by the central government at a critical moment in 1721. The order, which came after the fall of
421:
of the Kara Qaytaq and the
Shamkhal rebelled against the Safavid overlordship. In the same year the Lezgis were already considered a threat to the northwestern regions. The Safavid government then decided to send the Safavid commander-in-chief
348:, the successful Safavid offensive resulted in the destruction of the Russian fortress on the Iranian side of the Terek and its garrison being expelled. After the issue with the Russians was dealt with, then incumbent Safavid king
364:
warriors. However, this led to an atmosphere of uncomfort amongst the
Daghestani tribes. Abbas II then tried to bring the Daghestani vassal rulers under the jurisdiction of the Safavid governor of
891:
Matthee, Rudi (2012a). "Facing a Rude and
Barbarous Neighbor: Iranian Perceptions of Russia and the Russians from the Safavids to the Qajars". In Amanat, Abbas; Vejdani, Farzin (eds.).
417:". As a result of this negligence, the Shamkhal of Tarki submitted to Russian authority in 1717, facilitating the Russian invasion of Iran of several years later. In 1719, the
299:, located south of the Terek, formed somewhat of a "buffer state" towards the north. In contemporary sources, its population was commonly referred to as "Lezgis".
405:
By the late 1710s, Safavid Iran was in a state of heavy decline, with high-profile issues on its border regions. Amongst these, was the issue related to the
1120:
38:
271:(Derbent), were governed by officials who directly hailed from the Safavid ranks. The areas more to the north and west, where various Daghestani
488:
against the
Safavid hegemony. Another Daghestani chief, Ahmad Khan, sent Nader two of his daughters and his son, as a gesture of submission.
969:
275:
and feudal territories existed, were governed by various local dynasts under
Safavid suzerainty. The most important of these were the
1145:
322:, a member of the family of the Shamkhal of Kumukh, rose to become one of the most powerful individuals in the Safavid state.
1070:
995:
938:
919:
900:
881:
862:
841:
822:
803:
1000:
962:
413:
then requested government troops against
Russian aggression, the Safavid king promised him "a token sum of 1,000
1015:
473:
439:
345:
267:
Safavid control could roughly be divided into two areas. The areas in southernmost
Daghestan, amongst which
1140:
337:
against each other, they were, most of the time, subject rulers of the
Safavids. From 1606 till 1719, the
308:) appointed the Shamkhal himself, but the candidate always had to be from the local princes. According to
955:
357:
319:
259:). Numerous high-ranking Safavid figures originally hailed from the province, or had roots there.
458:
233:
98:
427:
483:), Nader also re-established the former's hegemony over the area. In 1735, he concluded the
406:
341:
paid tribute to their Safavid overlords, whereas the Shamkhals did so from 1636 till 1719.
248:
78:
8:
1100:
430:(Vakhtang VI) to Daghestan in order to deal with the issue. Assisted by the governors of
349:
309:
94:
395:, was dispatched to the Daghestan province. In 1668, the province was attacked by the
1090:
1075:
1065:
1010:
990:
934:
915:
896:
877:
858:
837:
818:
799:
334:
1080:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1035:
409:. For years, the Safavids had not paid his customary subsidy. When the Shamkhal of
276:
224:
74:
1105:
1060:
1025:
931:
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East
852:
484:
445:
435:
431:
365:
314:
121:
106:
82:
834:
Muslim Resistance to the Tsar: Shamil and the Conquest of Chechnia and Daghestan
1040:
1030:
469:
450:
330:
272:
252:
102:
1134:
1020:
414:
186:
86:
947:
979:
523:
479:
After the Safavids were restored in 1729 by Nader Qoli Beg (later known as
399:
244:
90:
53:
476:
the maritime areas of the province, including Derbent, from the Safavids.
360:
to build new fortresses in Daghestan in order to secure the settlement of
796:
The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant
292:
284:
480:
462:
287:, and the ruler of the Kara Qaytaq styled with the hereditary title of
929:
Tucker, Spencer C., ed. (2010). "Overview of 1700-1750: Chronology".
453:
with an eye to conquering Iran. With the threat then left unchecked,
376:
361:
893:
Iran Facing Others: Identity Boundaries in a Historical Perspective
504:
The "Kara Qaytaq" is sometimes also simply referred to as "Qaytaq".
454:
396:
854:
The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600-1730
369:
296:
268:
63:
1110:
1085:
461:
by 15,000 Lezgin tribesmen aided by Shamkhal Sorkhay Khan, its
280:
256:
211:
762:
760:
758:
410:
1095:
755:
304:
743:
472:
capitalized on the eruption of chaos and instability, and
874:
Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan
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731:
729:
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725:
723:
721:
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238:
700:
685:
579:
624:
591:
567:
352:(r. 1642-1666) ordered the "master of the hunt" (
1132:
465:population massacred, and the city ransacked.
247:, centred on the territory of the present-day
16:Velayat (province) of Safavid Iran (1501-1736)
977:
963:
375:In 1659, a Safavid army which included 2,000
817:. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers.
521:, who was always subordinate to the supreme
318:(i.e. viceroy), but "only as a honorific".
312:, the Shamkhal also possessed the title of
970:
956:
37:
914:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
857:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
890:
793:
766:
871:
850:
737:
679:
667:
642:
618:
457:, the capital of the Shirvan province,
1133:
928:
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778:
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585:
951:
812:
706:
694:
630:
606:
573:
561:
546:
517:in this context refers to the local
895:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 104.
329:attempted at playing the Safavids,
228:
13:
14:
1157:
43:Northwestern part of Safavid Iran
1146:Provinces of the Safavid dynasty
1119:
191:
815:Safavid Government Institutions
507:
295:littoral. The small kingdom of
498:
346:Russo-Persian War of 1651-1653
1:
534:
851:Matthee, Rudolph P. (1999).
387:), their artillery battery (
325:Though the Shamkhal and the
7:
449:, to form an alliance with
239:
10:
1162:
794:Axworthy, Michael (2009).
787:
262:
1117:
986:
391:) led by Aliqoli Beg the
207:
166:
162:
152:
142:
138:
130:
120:
112:
70:
59:
48:
36:
31:
21:
491:
320:Fath-Ali Khan Daghestani
1016:Erivan (Chokhur-e Sa'd)
912:Iran Under the Safavids
910:Savory, Roger (2007).
872:Matthee, Rudi (2012).
832:Gammer, Moshe (2005).
813:Floor, Willem (2001).
154:• Disestablished
221:province of Daghestan
144:• Establishment
71:Common languages
752:, pp. 126, 250.
515:tupchi-bashi-ye jolo
393:tupchi-bashi-ye jolo
249:Republic of Dagestan
243:) was a province of
1141:History of Dagestan
240:Velāyat-e Dâghestân
26:Velāyat-e Dâghestân
769:, p. 154-155.
383:), artillery-men (
310:Engelbert Kaempfer
302:The Safavid king (
1128:
1127:
564:, pp. 87–88.
549:, pp. 81–85.
407:Shamkhal of Tarki
291:, located on the
237:
217:
216:
203:
202:
199:
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23:Safavid Daghestan
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485:Treaty of Ganja
428:Hosaynqoli Khan
358:Allahverdi Khan
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940:978-1851096725
939:
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921:978-0521042512
920:
907:
902:978-1137013408
901:
888:
883:978-1845117450
882:
876:. I.B.Tauris.
869:
864:978-0521641319
863:
848:
843:978-1135308988
842:
836:. Frank Cass.
829:
824:978-1568591353
823:
810:
805:978-1845119829
804:
798:. I.B.Tauris.
789:
786:
784:
783:
781:, p. 731.
771:
754:
742:
740:, p. 225.
711:
709:, p. 200.
699:
697:, p. 198.
684:
682:, p. 169.
672:
670:, p. 122.
647:
645:, p. 206.
635:
623:
621:, p. 147.
611:
590:
588:, p. 441.
578:
566:
551:
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536:
533:
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496:
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470:Russian Empire
273:principalities
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253:North Caucasus
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978:Provinces of
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767:Axworthy 2009
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633:, p. 84.
632:
627:
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615:
609:, p. 88.
608:
603:
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595:
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582:
576:, p. 87.
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539:
526:
525:
520:
516:
510:
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497:
489:
486:
482:
477:
475:
471:
468:In 1722, the
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460:
456:
452:
448:
447:
441:
437:
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429:
425:
420:
416:
412:
408:
403:
402:and his men.
401:
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246:
241:
235:
229:ولایت داغستان
226:
222:
213:
210:
208:Today part of
206:
190:
188:
187:Afsharid Iran
185:
184:
181:
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84:
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73:
69:
65:
62:
58:
55:
51:
47:
40:
35:
30:
20:
1005:
980:Safavid Iran
933:. ABC-CLIO.
930:
911:
892:
873:
853:
833:
814:
795:
774:
745:
738:Matthee 2012
702:
680:Matthee 1999
675:
668:Matthee 2012
643:Matthee 2012
638:
626:
619:Matthee 2012
614:
581:
569:
542:
524:tupchi-bashi
522:
519:tupchi-bashi
518:
514:
509:
500:
478:
467:
444:
440:grand vizier
423:
418:
404:
400:Stenka Razin
392:
388:
384:
380:
374:
353:
343:
338:
326:
324:
313:
303:
301:
288:
266:
245:Safavid Iran
220:
218:
174:Succeeded by
173:
54:Safavid Iran
52:Province of
779:Tucker 2010
750:Savory 2007
586:Gammer 2005
344:During the
285:Terek River
79:Azerbaijani
1135:Categories
1101:Mazandaran
1071:Kuhgiluyeh
996:Azarbaijan
707:Floor 2001
695:Floor 2001
631:Floor 2001
607:Floor 2001
574:Floor 2001
562:Floor 2001
547:Floor 2001
535:References
481:Nader Shah
424:sepahsalar
389:tup-khaneh
381:tofangchis
377:musketeers
113:Government
1076:Kurdistan
1066:Khuzestan
1011:Diyarbakr
1006:Daghestan
991:Astarabad
459:was taken
362:Qizilbash
234:romanized
95:Tabasaran
66:(Derbent)
32:1501–1736
1081:Lorestan
1056:Karabakh
1051:Kandahar
455:Shamakhi
350:Abbas II
335:Russians
331:Ottomans
277:Shamkhal
116:Province
1106:Shirvan
1091:Mashhad
1046:Isfahan
1036:Hamadan
1026:Georgia
1001:Baghdad
788:Sources
474:annexed
436:Shirvan
432:Kakheti
397:Cossack
385:tupchis
370:Isfahan
366:Shirvan
293:Caspian
283:at the
269:Darband
263:History
236::
225:Persian
131:History
75:Persian
64:Darband
60:Capital
1111:Sistan
1086:Makran
1061:Kerman
937:
918:
899:
880:
861:
840:
821:
802:
451:Russia
415:tomans
333:, and
297:Enderi
281:Kumukh
257:Russia
212:Russia
134:
126:
107:Dargin
83:Lezgin
49:Status
1041:Herat
1031:Gilan
492:Notes
419:Utsmi
411:Tarki
339:Utsmi
327:Utsmi
289:Utsmi
103:Kumyk
1096:Marv
1021:Fars
935:ISBN
916:ISBN
897:ISBN
878:ISBN
859:ISBN
838:ISBN
819:ISBN
800:ISBN
513:The
463:Shia
446:vali
434:and
315:vali
305:shah
219:The
158:1736
148:1501
122:Vali
87:Avar
279:of
99:Tat
91:Lak
1137::
757:^
714:^
687:^
650:^
593:^
554:^
426:)
372:.
356:)
255:,
231:,
227::
105:,
101:,
97:,
93:,
89:,
85:,
81:,
77:,
971:e
964:t
957:v
943:.
924:.
905:.
886:.
867:.
846:.
827:.
808:.
527:.
422:(
379:(
251:(
223:(
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