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was barely afloat. She listed severely as fires burned and the communication and navigation equipment on her bridge were almost destroyed. She turned away and sped south, hoping to rendezvous with a
British cruiser in the area. By the time she was rescued on the 15th, she was hardly seaworthy and
1002:
veered away, lowering lifeboats as she heeled over to port. A shell below the waterline had ruptured several compartments, and the ship was rapidly sinking, although the colliers were able to rescue 279 sailors from the wreck before she sank. Fifty-one were killed in the fighting or the sinking
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fared worse than her opponent in the ensuing two hours, being hit 79 times, was holed below the waterline, and had her bridge totally destroyed by shellfire. However, as the range closed her own guns began to inflict damage, and fires broke out on both ships, sailors lining the rails and firing
957:
had realized that to fight a successful action, their respective vessels required plenty of room; so, the captains had separately steamed several miles from the outcrop of the Island of
Trindade in order to gain the space required. The
987:
machine guns at their opposite numbers as the ships came within a few hundred yards of each other. Neither ship had the fire control systems or ammunition hoists of a modern warship, so the action was fought in the style of
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809:(named for the sound they made while firing), all manned by experienced naval personnel, and given the mission to sink British merchant shipping. She was given the codename
1106:, in an attempt to disguise their ship, had altered her appearance so that she would closely resemble one of the 'Pretty Sisters.' (Though it would later be said that the
594:
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801:, which transferred naval officers, ammunition and armaments to the liner. At the same time, her third funnel, which was a dummy, was removed. She was armed with two
1151:
For services in the action between H.M.S. "Carmania" and the German Armed
Merchant Cruiser "Cap Trafalgar," on 14th September, 1914, when the latter vessel was sunk—
850:. She was launched on 21 February 1905 and made her maiden voyage from Liverpool to New York on 2 December of the same year. Following the outbreak of World War I,
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which had been sent to flush out German colliers and small warships that might be using the inhospitable island as a base against
British merchant shipping.
239:, also a converted ocean liner, in a furious action in the South Atlantic on 14 September 1914. It was the world's first battle between former ocean liners.
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was equally damaged, listing severely, heavily flooded and burning, with nine men dead and many more wounded. It was at this point that
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smoke early in the morning and some hours later was able to surprise the German ship with two colliers in the island's only harbour.
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was converted into an armed merchant cruiser, equipped with eight 4.7-inch guns, and put under the command of
Captain Noel Grant.
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captain feared a trap, since many ships both German and Allied in the area had doubtless been listening to the SOS calls of the
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in 1805. A three-funneled vessel of 613 ft (187 m) length and 72 ft (22 m) beam, she measured 18,710
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This article is about the World War I passenger liner/auxiliary cruiser. For the geographic region in Spain, see
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1330:"'Carmania' sinking the 'Cap Trafalgar' off Trinidade Island in the South Atlantic, 14 September 1914"
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and taken to Buenos Aires. Most were interned for the duration of the war on the
Argentine island of
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day, with ammunition being brought to the guns by hand and the guns firing as the target bore.
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most likely would have sunk if at sea for more than another day or two. The following day the
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with the
British code. Since multiple warships were on their way to the location, and the
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Quote: Cap
Trafalgar fired back, and the world's first battle between ocean liners began.
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and could carry nearly 1,600 passengers (400 1st class, 276 2nd class, 913 3rd or
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1003:(other reports say sixteen or seventeen people died), including Captain Wirth.
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German raiders: A history of auxiliary cruisers of the German Navy, 1895-1945
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was in Buenos Aires and was laid up pending orders. As already planned, the
1169:
Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the
Winning of the Great War at Sea
1030:, which, though in German code, had been supplemented by messages from the
794:, 500 miles (800 km) east of the Brazilian mainland, with the gunboat
1370:(1st ed.). Annapolis, MD: Lighthouse Press Publication. p. 209.
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also sent out encoded German messages, announcing the engagement with the
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Twin steam 4-cylinder triple expansion engines with turbines; 3 propellers
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for coal and then sailed to rendezvous at the remote
Brazilian island of
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requisitioned her as an auxiliary cruiser. On 18 August she arrived in
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class. A triple-screw vessel, her outer propellers were powered by two
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had also altered her appearance so that she might be mistaken for the
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SUPPLEMENT to The London Gazette Of TUESDAY, the 6th of APRIL, 1915
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1225:. Jersey: Brookside Publications. pp. 194–195, 213, 494.
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turned his ship about and sailed away without firing a shot.
602:
1368:
The Age of Cunard : A Transatlantic History 1839-2003
312:
on 10 April 1914 from Hamburg for South American ports in
1859:
Naval battles of World War I involving the United Kingdom
232:
sunk by a ship of the same class; she was destroyed by
82:
Hamburg Südamerikanische Dampfschifffahrts-Gesellschaft
1286:
Dictionary of Disasters at Sea during the Age of Steam
1195:. Kendal: The World Ship Society. pp. 13–14, 64.
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returned on 13 September to the secret supply base at
1288:. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. p. 119.
1550:
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in September 1914
1239:
1191:Cooper, James; Arnold Kludas; Joachim Pein (1989).
277:(Río de la Plata). She was named after the Spanish
1493:Cunard: The Most Famous Ocean Liners in the World
1102:"In a twist of incredible irony, the crew of the
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1162:
1038:had presumably already sunk, the captain of the
778:When war was declared in Europe in August 1914,
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220:line. In 1914, she was converted for use as an
1864:Naval battles of World War I involving Germany
1854:Auxiliary cruisers of the Imperial German Navy
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588:
1844:World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
1166:(2003). "Ch. 11. Admiral Cradock's Voyage".
888:. Some accounts incorrectly allege that the
813:(Auxiliary Cruiser B) and was commanded by
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595:
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273:for their service between Germany and the
1393:"The Illustrated War News, Nov. 18, 1914"
1011:contemporary, the armed merchant cruiser
857:It was at this base on 14 September that
819:Wirth. After a fruitless initial cruise,
447:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1186:
1184:
1182:
766:
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604:Atlantic naval operations of World War I
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978:firing too early and thus allowing the
347:Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I
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838:was a British ocean liner designed by
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1340:from the original on 13 December 2013
1334:Royal Museums Greenwich (Collections)
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1022:for the shattered ship. However, the
884:)'s only battle was against the real
576:
44:
1849:Maritime incidents in September 1914
1265:from the original on 10 January 2018
994:Just as it seemed that the fires on
1475:The Cruise of the Kronprinz Wilhelm
1403:from the original on 28 August 2020
1390:
1114:, there is no truth to the claim.)"
13:
1879:Atlantic operations of World War I
1310:from the original on 25 March 2019
1018:arrived, seemingly to provide the
944:Location of the island of Trindade
14:
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297:with the centre one driven by an
133:Sunk in combat, 14 September 1914
1819:Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
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1:
1427:Salvo! Epic Naval Gun Actions
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1054:was rescued and brought into
1869:Maritime incidents in Brazil
1834:World War I commerce raiders
1336:. National Maritime Museum.
1121:
1066:were rescued by the collier
892:was itself disguised as the
827:to take on fuel from German
656:
7:
1442:The Ship That Hunted Itself
1300:"S/S Carmania, Cunard Line"
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998:would burn out of control,
10:
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1839:Passenger ships of Germany
327:
270:Hamburg-South America Line
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1459:. Naval Institute Press.
1455:Schmalenbach, P. (1979).
1284:Hocking, Charles (1969).
949:Both the captains of the
651:Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse
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844:John Brown & Company
390:, South Atlantic Ocean (
165:613 ft (187 m)
138:General characteristics
1221:Bonsor, N R P (1983).
1058:by other units of the
966:, and the position as
861:was discovered by the
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479:Commanders and leaders
281:, scene of the famous
230:armed merchant cruiser
173:72 ft (22 m)
1399:. Project Gutenberg.
1223:South Atlantic Seaway
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532:Casualties and losses
1440:Simpson, C. (1977).
1425:Edwards, B. (1995).
1360:Butler, Daniel Allen
1259:wartimehistoryonline
1247:"Battle between the
1172:. Ballantine Books.
1084:Battle of Río de Oro
807:one-pounder pom-poms
784:German Imperial Navy
228:. She was the first
1488:World War I Raiders
1024:Kronprinz Wilhelm's
410: /
283:Battle of Trafalgar
1644:Francis H. Leggett
1498:2006-10-20 at the
880:(disguised as the
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491:Julius Wirth
267:, Germany for the
16:German ocean liner
1874:Conflicts in 1914
1806:
1805:
1515:Account of battle
1444:. Penguin Books.
1261:. 17 March 2017.
1068:Eleonore Woermann
1040:Kronprinz Wilhelm
1015:Kronprinz Wilhelm
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894:Cap Trafalgar
891:
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878:Cap Trafalgar
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859:Cap Trafalgar
855:
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842:and built by
841:
837:
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821:Cap Trafalgar
818:
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803:4.1 inch guns
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713:10 March 1917
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61:
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53:German Empire
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1824:Ocean liners
1800:October 1914
1752:
1743:
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1441:
1426:
1405:. Retrieved
1396:
1386:
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1342:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1312:. Retrieved
1303:
1294:
1285:
1279:
1267:. Retrieved
1258:
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1248:
1241:
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1173:
1167:
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772:
759:
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728:21 July 1918
685:
678:
671:
664:
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561:
546:
543:279 captured
540:16–51 killed
525:
519:
494:
442:Belligerents
363:
359:
338:
305:
303:
269:
252:
246:
243:Early career
235:
208:
206:
205:
154:Displacement
117:1 April 1914
109:31 July 1913
62:
25:
1787:August 1914
1429:. Cassell.
1344:18 February
848:Cunard Line
763:in Trindade
417: /
275:River Plate
226:World War I
218:Hamburg Süd
214:ocean liner
157:23,640 tons
98:Yard number
1884:1913 ships
1813:Categories
1634:Fisgard II
1609:HMAS
1569:Pathfinder
1557:Shipwrecks
1465:0870218247
1450:0140048235
1435:0304351717
1420:References
1407:24 October
1060:Royal Navy
1056:Pernambuco
926:2,000miles
788:Montevideo
508:Noel Grant
308:began her
261:Elbe River
189:Propulsion
114:In service
1709:SMS
1702:SMS
1695:SMS
1678:HMS
1671:HMS
1664:HMS
1653:HMS
1616:SMS
1598:SMS
1567:HMS
1391:Various.
1314:9 January
1269:9 January
1122:Citations
796:SMS
672:Lusitania
665:Gulflight
318:Argentina
257:AG Vulcan
93:, Hamburg
91:AG Vulcan
1751:23 Sep:
1718:29 Sep:
1697:Cormoran
1693:28 Sep:
1662:22 Sep:
1651:20 Sep:
1641:18 Sep:
1631:17 Sep:
1607:14 Sep:
1596:13 Sep:
1589:Elsinore
1586:11 Sep:
1576:10 Sep:
1496:Archived
1473:(1928).
1401:Archived
1362:(2004).
1338:Archived
1308:Archived
1263:Archived
1251:and the
1249:Carmania
1108:Carmania
1078:See also
1052:Carmania
1047:Carmania
1032:Carmania
1013:SS
1005:Carmania
996:Carmania
989:Nelson's
984:Carmania
976:Carmania
964:Carmania
955:Carmania
953:and the
890:Carmania
886:Carmania
882:Carmania
869:spotted
867:Carmania
863:Carmania
852:Carmania
846:for the
836:Carmania
834:The RMS
829:colliers
805:and six
792:Trindade
773:Carmania
686:Carolina
679:Baralong
619:Blockade
562:Carmania
558:9 killed
526:Carmania
513:Strength
382:Location
362:sinking
360:Carmania
345:Part of
291:steerage
236:Carmania
200:17 knots
122:Homeport
106:Launched
69:Namesake
1744:Oceanic
1740:8 Sep:
1722:Oceanic
1666:Aboukir
1655:Pegasus
1565:5 Sep:
695:Actions
642:Attacks
629:Convoys
564:damaged
495:†
457:Germany
405:29°18′W
402:20°29′S
328:Sinking
322:Uruguay
265:Hamburg
224:during
181:15,000
146:18,710
143:Tonnage
125:Hamburg
87:Builder
40:History
1754:Potosi
1673:Cressy
1463:
1448:
1433:
1374:
1229:
1199:
924:3000km
469:
454:
430:Result
392:Brazil
314:Brazil
162:Length
1711:Luchs
1704:Iltis
1686:Zélée
1680:Hogue
1579:Indus
1090:Notes
304:When
197:Speed
79:Owner
1783:1915
1775:1914
1767:1913
1742:HMS
1720:HMS
1600:Hela
1461:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1431:ISBN
1409:2010
1372:ISBN
1346:2013
1316:2018
1271:2018
1227:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1045:The
876:The
798:Eber
771:The
760:Eber
757:and
549:sunk
524:HMS
518:SMS
386:Off
374:Date
320:and
247:The
234:HMS
170:Beam
130:Fate
59:Name
1611:AE1
287:GRT
263:in
251:SS
207:SS
148:GRT
101:334
1815::
1707:,
1700:,
1683:,
1676:,
1669:,
1621:,
1614:,
1395:.
1366:.
1332:.
1306:.
1302:.
1257:.
1211:^
1181:^
1074:.
970:,
896:.
831:.
316:,
301:.
1543:e
1536:t
1529:v
1477:.
1467:.
1452:.
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1380:.
1348:.
1318:.
1273:.
1255:"
1235:.
1205:.
596:e
589:t
582:v
394:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
