155:
36:
1385:
646:
506:’s SLOWPOKE-2 reactor (20 kW thermal) operated from April 22, 1977 until being dismantled on August 5, 2017. The University of Alberta applied for, and was issued a Licence to Decommission its SLOWPOKE-2 Nuclear Research Reactor Facility in 2017. The U of A SLOWPOKE console is now part of the collection of the Society for the Preservation of Canada's Nuclear Heritage, Inc, in
284:(again both the name of the reactor and reactor class, further members of which were constructed elsewhere), was installed at the University of Toronto, replacing the original SLOWPOKE-1 unit (see above). The commercial model has five sample sites in the beryllium reflector and five sites stationed outside the reflector.
441:'s SLOWPOKE-2 non-power reactor (20 kW thermal) operating licence was renewed and will be valid from July 1, 2013 until June 30, 2023. The reactor has been in operation for 36 years (construction started 1975, operation started 1976) and is used for research, teaching, neutron generation and isotope production.
258:
in 1971. It had one sample site in the beryllium reflector and operated at a power level of 5 kW. In 1973 the power was increased to 20 kW and the period of unattended operation was increased from 4 hours to 18 hours. The reactor was dismantled in 1976 and replaced in
University of Toronto
434:
Royal
Military College of Canada's non-power reactor operating licence was renewed and will be valid from July 1, 2023 until June 30, 2043. RMC has operated a small SLOWPOKE-2 reactor (nominal reactor power of 20 kW thermal) since 1985 (start of construction and operation 1985). A Neutron Beam
488:
in 1970 and in the
University of Toronto 1971-1976. The SLOWPOKE/SLOWPOKE-1 reactor was dismantled in 1976. University of Toronto’s SLOWPOKE-2 reactor (20 kW thermal) operated from 1976 until December 31, 1998. The University of Toronto applied for, and was issued, a Licence to Decommission its
254:. It was primarily intended for Canadian universities, providing a higher neutron flux than available from small commercial accelerators, while avoiding the complexity and high operating costs of existing nuclear reactors. The Chalk River prototype went critical in 1970, and was moved to the
225:. These characteristics are so dominant, in fact, that the SLOWPOKE-2 reactor is licensed to operate unattended overnight (but monitored remotely). Most SLOWPOKES are rated at a nominal 20 kW, although operation at higher power for shorter durations is possible.
465:
Two of the SLOWPOKE/SLOWPOKE-1 reactors (out of 2 built), five of the SLOWPOKE-2 reactors (out of 8 built) and the single SLOWPOKE-3 reactor (out of 1 built) have been decommissioned. No SLOWPOKE-4 reactor was ever built.
394:
to nuclear power using a SLOWPOKE nuclear reactor to continuously recharge the ship's batteries during submerged operations. A good deal of work had been done on potential marine applications of the reactor at
246:(both the name of the reactor and of the prototype reactor class of 2 reactors it was a member of; especially later when further generations of SLOWPOKE reactors had appeared, these type of reactors were named
447:
International Centre for
Environmental and Nuclear Sciences in Kingston Jamaica continues to operate their SLOWPOKE-2 reactor, which has since been converted to LEU in 2015 through a partnership with the
334:
All in all, eight SLOWPOKE-2 reactors were built, seven in Canada and one in
Jamaica. As of 2022, of the eight, three are operational (the ones using/converted for LEU) and five have been decommissioned.
423:. The main advantages are the reliability and ease of use of this design of reactor and the reproducibility of the neutron flux. Since the fuel is not modified at all for at least 20 years, the
708:
761:
435:
Tube (NBT) was added in
February 1999 to the SLOWPOKE-2 facility for radioscopy and tomography operations (2-dimensional and 3-dimensional non-destructive imaging techniques).
930:
786:
430:
Three of the original reactors are still in operation. Although all of the technical goals of this reactor were achieved, the lack of foreign sales was disappointing.
307:. Since then five SLOWPOKE-2 reactors have been decommissioned (Saskatchewan Research Council, University of Toronto, University of Alberta, Dalhousie University, and
473:
applied for, and was issued, a
Licence to de-fuel, and decommission the SLOWPOKE-2 Reactor Facility, which was part of Dalhousie’s Trace Analysis Research Centre in
516:'s SLOWPOKE-2 reactor (16 kW thermal) operated from 1981, until being shut down in December 2017. Decommissioning was expected to be completed sometime in 2020.
500:- 20 Goldenrod Driveway, Ottawa, Ontario) SLOWPOKE/SLOWPOKE-1 reactor (20 kW thermal) operated 1971-1984. The building that housed it has since been demolished.
576:
126:(AECL) beginning in the late 1960s. John W. Hilborn (born 1926 or 1927) is the scientist most closely associated with their design. They are beryllium-
996:
715:
1164:
672:
765:
1295:
921:
274:. It had a power output of 20 kW (thermal) and it was of the SLOWPOKE/SLOWPOKE-1 type. The reactor was a prototype and was shut down 1984.
696:
535:
360:
1409:
1244:
1194:
1082:
1066:
477:
on August 31, 2011. Dalhousie's SLOWPOKE-2 reactor (20 kW thermal) was built and started operation in 1976; it was dismantled 2011.
449:
262:
The first commercial example started construction in 1970 and was started up 14 May 1971 at AECL's
Commercial Products Division in
738:
749:
604:
367:. The economics of a district-heating system based on SDR technology were estimated to be competitive with that of conventional
209:
sits in a pool of regular light-water, 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) diameter by 6 metres (20 ft) deep, which provides
343:
AECL also designed and built (start of construction 1985, start of operation 1987) a scaled-up version (2-10 MWth) called the
1056:
989:
629:
1136:
1097:
1061:
790:
181:
with aluminium cladding, and then in 1985 a new low enriched uranium design (~19.9 % enriched) was commissioned using
1184:
1087:
1414:
1336:
1389:
926:
1051:
982:
416:
396:
328:
300:
1372:
1316:
1124:
880:
123:
890:
Taking the Plunge: Should Canada Use Fuel Cell
Technology to make the Victoria-class Submarines more Stealthy?
411:(NAA), in research and as a commercial service, but also for teaching, training, irradiation studies, neutron
945:
513:
444:
324:
859:
1331:
1159:
1021:
812:
1036:
193:, only 22 centimetres (8.7 in) diameter and 23 centimetres (9.1 in) high, surrounded by a fixed
1278:
1092:
408:
1026:
935:
20:
438:
320:
40:
1351:
1346:
1300:
1263:
1229:
1174:
1169:
485:
251:
1239:
1016:
1005:
277:
Two reactors of SLOWPOKE aka SLOWPOKE-1 type were built. Both reactors have been decommissioned.
239:
131:
1154:
388:
166:
The SLOWPOKE-2 reactors (most numerous of SLOWPOKE-family reactors) originally used 93% highly
619:
503:
481:
255:
115:
813:"'It was very unique': Saskatoon's SLOWPOKE-2 research reactor shutting down after 37 years"
379:
based on SDR experience) was never built, and the SDR shutdown for decommissioning in 1989.
474:
470:
427:
in the irradiation sites does not change and the neutron flux is reproducible to about 1%.
206:
159:
139:
8:
1234:
969:
507:
497:
263:
213:
via natural convection. In addition to passive cooling, the reactor has a high degree of
1254:
420:
154:
182:
1268:
1189:
625:
304:
292:
127:
590:
1283:
424:
356:
296:
288:
222:
167:
119:
860:"LEU-FUELLED SLOWPOKE-2 RESEARCH REACTORS: OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND UTILISATION"
1288:
1273:
911:
673:"Nuclear facility – Royal Military College of Canada SLOWPOKE-2 research reactor"
556:
551:
520:
316:
577:"Retired physicist fights to keep Chalk River's historic research facility open"
371:. However, the market for this technology did not materialize, and the proposed
867:
2002 International
Meeting on Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors
218:
214:
143:
936:
Dalhousie University Department of Chemistry SLOWPOKE Nuclear Research Reactor
484:’s SLOWPOKE/SLOWPOKE-1 reactor (first 5 then 20 kW thermal) operated first in
217:; that is, it can regulate itself through passive, natural means, such as the
1403:
1129:
198:
534:
The SLOWPOKE Demonstration Reactor (SDR or SLOWPOKE-3; 2-10 MWth) at AECL's
35:
1356:
1341:
135:
974:
1321:
621:
Through a Canadian Periscope: The Story of the Canadian Submarine Service
412:
368:
922:
Royal Military College of Canada SLOWPOKE-2 Nuclear Reactor and Facility
901:
889:
647:"A Canadian Hybrid Submarine Design: A Case for the Slowpoke-2 Reactor"
906:
202:
194:
175:
961:
International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences, Jamaica
531:, started construction and operation in 1984. It was shut down 1989.
528:
364:
312:
190:
965:
762:"University of Alberta Public Information and Disclosure program"
271:
210:
171:
72:
1326:
267:
966:
Society for the Preservation of Canada's Nuclear Heritage, Inc
387:
During the mid-1980s Canada briefly considered converting its
287:
Between 1976 and 1985, further seven SLOWPOKE-2 reactors with
1204:
178:
1209:
916:
838:
524:
493:
453:
308:
291:(HEU) fuel were commissioned in six Canadian cities and in
238:
The SLOWPOKE research reactor was conceived in 1967 at the
1179:
950:
541:
The proposed SES-10 (SLOWPOKE-4) reactor was never built.
299:(LEU) fuelled SLOWPOKE-2 reactor was commissioned at the
960:
907:
University of Alberta SLOWPOKE Nuclear Reactor Facility
940:
902:
SLOWPOKE Reactor Facility of the University of Toronto
60:
Low-energy, tank-in-pool type nuclear research reactor
955:
927:
Saskatchewan Research Council Analytical Laboratories
489:
SLOWPOKE-2 Nuclear Research Reactor Facility in 2001.
280:In 1976 a next generation commercial design, named
519:The SLOWPOKE-2 reactor (20 kW thermal) located in
617:
1401:
679:. Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission. 2014-02-03
538:operated 1987–1989 (start of construction 1985).
843:The Canadian Nuclear FAQ by Dr. Jeremy Whitlock
19:"SLOWPOKE" redirects here. For other uses, see
884:The death of the SAGA-N project by federal tax
709:"École Polytechnique de Montréal's SLOWPOKE-2"
990:
201:is maintained as the fuel burns up by adding
881:La mort du projet SAGA-N par impôts fédéraux
338:
233:
1004:
912:The SLOWPOKE Laboratory École Polytechnique
611:
189:. The core is an assembly of about 200-300
997:
983:
34:
697:Royal Military College of Canada SLOWPOKE
536:Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment
361:Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment
259:by a next generation SLOWPOKE-2 reactor.
242:of AECL. In 1970 a prototype unit called
205:plates in a tray on top of the core. The
450:National Nuclear Security Administration
153:
402:
1402:
810:
510:, along with other SLOWPOKE artifacts.
460:
452:(NNSA) and with the assistance of the
407:SLOWPOKE reactors are used mainly for
382:
221:slowing down if the water heats up or
1296:Nuclear Waste Management Organization
978:
605:"SLOWPOKE Nuclear Reactors in Canada"
197:annulus and a bottom beryllium slab.
787:"University of Alberta's SLOWPOKE-2"
618:Julie H. Ferguson (10 March 2014).
523:, originally owned and operated by
138:higher than available from a small
65:Main parameters of the reactor core
16:Family of nuclear research reactors
13:
1337:Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
946:Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
644:
112:Safe LOW-POwer Kritical Experiment
14:
1426:
895:
817:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
496:'s Commercial Products Division (
445:The University of the West Indies
1384:
1383:
811:Shield, David (4 January 2019).
750:University of Toronto SLOWPOKE-2
417:Royal Military College of Canada
397:Royal Military College of Canada
329:Royal Military College of Canada
301:Royal Military College of Canada
43:'s SLOWPOKE-2 reactor pit cover.
1410:Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
1373:Anti-nuclear movement in Canada
1317:Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
941:Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
804:
779:
754:
743:
739:Dalhousie University SLOWPOKE-2
439:École Polytechnique de Montréal
319:), and three converted to LEU (
149:
124:Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
886:(English translation provided)
857:G. Kennedy and J. St. Pierre::
732:
701:
690:
665:
638:
597:
583:
569:
345:SLOWPOKE Demonstration Reactor
1:
562:
514:Saskatchewan Research Council
325:University of the West Indies
250:), was designed and built at
114:) is a family of low-energy,
1332:Canadian Nuclear Association
1022:Electricity sector in Canada
956:Canadian Nuclear Association
835:
7:
1279:McArthur River uranium mine
1093:Nuclear Power Demonstration
545:
409:neutron activation analysis
100:Neutron activation analysis
10:
1431:
1027:Nuclear industry in Canada
228:
18:
1415:Nuclear research reactors
1381:
1365:
1309:
1253:
1245:Plasma Physics Laboratory
1222:
1145:
1117:
1110:
1075:
1044:
1035:
1012:
419:), and the production of
339:SLOWPOKE-3 and SLOWPOKE-4
266:- 20 Goldenrod Driveway,
234:SLOWPOKE-1 and SLOWPOKE-2
96:
91:
83:
69:
64:
56:
48:
33:
28:
21:Slowpoke (disambiguation)
1352:Ontario Power Generation
1347:Natural Resources Canada
1301:Deep Geologic Repository
1264:Uranium mining in Canada
1230:Chalk River Laboratories
951:Canadian Nuclear Society
917:McMaster Nuclear Reactor
624:. Dundurn. p. 363.
486:Chalk River Laboratories
252:Chalk River Laboratories
1240:Whiteshell Laboratories
1017:Energy policy of Canada
1006:Nuclear power in Canada
653:. Canadian Naval Review
289:Highly Enriched Uranium
240:Whiteshell Laboratories
1148:and prototype reactors
1146:Research, experimental
839:"Canadian Nuclear FAQ"
321:Polytechnique Montreal
163:
41:Polytechnique Montreal
651:Canadian Naval Review
591:"Dr. John W. Hilborn"
504:University of Alberta
482:University of Toronto
256:University of Toronto
157:
1118:Power plant reactors
475:Halifax, Nova Scotia
471:Dalhousie University
403:Current applications
297:Low-Enriched Uranium
295:. In 1985 the first
140:particle accelerator
1235:McMaster University
970:Deep River, Ontario
677:nuclearsafety.gc.ca
508:Deep River, Ontario
461:Former applications
421:radioactive tracers
383:Marine power source
170:in the form of 28%
144:radioactive sources
79:Information missing
1223:Research locations
164:
1397:
1396:
1269:McClean Lake mine
1218:
1217:
1106:
1105:
1098:Pickering (A2/A3)
631:978-1-4597-1056-6
392:-class submarines
305:Kingston, Ontario
293:Kingston, Jamaica
120:research reactors
116:tank-in-pool type
104:
103:
1422:
1387:
1386:
1366:Public discourse
1284:Rabbit Lake mine
1115:
1114:
1042:
1041:
999:
992:
985:
976:
975:
877:
875:
873:
864:
853:
851:
849:
828:
827:
825:
823:
808:
802:
801:
799:
798:
789:. Archived from
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
764:. Archived from
758:
752:
747:
741:
736:
730:
729:
727:
726:
720:
714:. Archived from
713:
705:
699:
694:
688:
687:
685:
684:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
642:
636:
635:
615:
609:
608:
601:
595:
594:
587:
581:
580:
573:
498:Tunney's Pasture
425:neutron spectrum
357:district heating
264:Tunney's Pasture
168:enriched uranium
130:with a very low
76:
73:fissile material
38:
29:SLOWPOKE reactor
26:
25:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1400:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1377:
1361:
1305:
1289:Cigar Lake mine
1274:Cluff Lake mine
1249:
1214:
1147:
1141:
1102:
1071:
1031:
1008:
1003:
898:
871:
869:
862:
858:
854:
847:
845:
837:
832:
831:
821:
819:
809:
805:
796:
794:
785:
784:
780:
771:
769:
760:
759:
755:
748:
744:
737:
733:
724:
722:
718:
711:
707:
706:
702:
695:
691:
682:
680:
671:
670:
666:
656:
654:
645:Dunlop, David.
643:
639:
632:
616:
612:
607:. 4 March 2016.
603:
602:
598:
589:
588:
584:
575:
574:
570:
565:
557:Nuclear fission
552:Nuclear reactor
548:
463:
405:
385:
341:
236:
231:
215:inherent safety
186:
152:
84:Primary coolant
70:
57:Reactor concept
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1428:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1395:
1394:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1260:
1258:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1155:Advanced CANDU
1151:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1121:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1002:
1001:
994:
987:
979:
973:
972:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
897:
896:External links
894:
893:
892:
887:
878:
855:
830:
829:
803:
778:
753:
742:
731:
700:
689:
664:
637:
630:
610:
596:
582:
567:
566:
564:
561:
560:
559:
554:
547:
544:
543:
542:
539:
532:
517:
511:
501:
490:
478:
462:
459:
458:
457:
442:
436:
404:
401:
384:
381:
340:
337:
235:
232:
230:
227:
219:chain reaction
184:
151:
148:
136:neutron fluxes
134:, but provide
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
77:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
50:
46:
45:
39:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1427:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:Organizations
1308:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1130:CANDU reactor
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:Reactor types
1109:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1083:Douglas Point
1081:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1068:
1067:Point Lepreau
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1000:
995:
993:
988:
986:
981:
980:
977:
971:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
868:
861:
856:
844:
840:
834:
833:
818:
814:
807:
793:on 2013-10-12
792:
788:
782:
768:on 2019-12-14
767:
763:
757:
751:
746:
740:
735:
721:on 2013-10-16
717:
710:
704:
698:
693:
678:
674:
668:
652:
648:
641:
633:
627:
623:
622:
614:
606:
600:
592:
586:
578:
572:
568:
558:
555:
553:
550:
549:
540:
537:
533:
530:
527:and later by
526:
522:
518:
515:
512:
509:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
476:
472:
469:
468:
467:
455:
451:
446:
443:
440:
437:
433:
432:
431:
428:
426:
422:
418:
415:(only at the
414:
410:
400:
398:
393:
391:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
283:
278:
275:
273:
269:
265:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
226:
224:
223:forms bubbles
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
180:
177:
173:
169:
161:
156:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:critical mass
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:(acronym for
109:
99:
95:
92:Reactor usage
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
68:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
1388:
1357:Orano Canada
1342:Candu Energy
1199:
1037:Power plants
931:SLOWPOKE FAQ
883:
870:. Retrieved
866:
846:. Retrieved
842:
820:. Retrieved
816:
806:
795:. Retrieved
791:the original
781:
770:. Retrieved
766:the original
756:
745:
734:
723:. Retrieved
716:the original
703:
692:
681:. Retrieved
676:
667:
655:. Retrieved
650:
640:
620:
613:
599:
585:
571:
464:
429:
406:
389:
386:
376:
372:
369:fossil fuels
352:
348:
344:
342:
333:
286:
281:
279:
276:
261:
247:
243:
237:
207:reactor core
165:
160:reactor core
150:Basic design
122:designed by
111:
107:
105:
1322:Bruce Power
822:29 November
529:MDS Nordion
413:radiography
315:reactor in
313:MDS Nordion
199:Criticality
97:Primary use
87:Light-water
1404:Categories
1255:Fuel cycle
1057:Darlington
929:and their
872:October 1,
797:2013-07-08
772:2017-03-12
725:2013-07-08
683:2023-09-09
563:References
377:SLOWPOKE-4
353:SLOWPOKE-3
282:SLOWPOKE-2
248:SLOWPOKE-1
183:ceramic UO
49:Generation
1257:locations
1062:Pickering
836:Whitlock:
303:(RMC) in
203:beryllium
195:beryllium
191:fuel pins
176:aluminium
158:SLOWPOKE
142:or other
128:reflected
1390:Category
1200:SLOWPOKE
1088:Gentilly
848:March 5,
546:See also
365:Manitoba
244:SLOWPOKE
118:nuclear
108:SLOWPOKE
657:4 April
359:at its
272:Ontario
229:History
211:cooling
172:uranium
52:Neutron
1327:Cameco
1195:STOR-M
1076:Closed
1045:Active
628:
521:Kanata
390:Oberon
373:SES-10
355:) for
317:Kanata
268:Ottawa
162:model.
71:Fuel (
1205:ZED-2
1165:MAPLE
1137:SGHWR
1052:Bruce
863:(PDF)
719:(PDF)
712:(PDF)
179:alloy
1210:ZEEP
1160:IMSR
1125:PHWR
874:2005
850:2005
824:2019
659:2024
626:ISBN
525:AECL
494:AECL
492:The
480:The
454:IAEA
327:and
309:AECL
187:fuel
106:The
1190:PTR
1185:NRU
1180:NRX
1175:MTF
1170:MNR
363:in
349:SDR
331:).
1406::
968:,
865:.
841:.
815:.
675:.
649:.
399:.
351:,
323:,
270:,
146:.
998:e
991:t
984:v
876:.
852:.
826:.
800:.
775:.
728:.
686:.
661:.
634:.
593:.
579:.
456:.
375:(
347:(
311:/
185:2
174:-
75:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
