Vega - Knowledge

1366:. This is a category of stars that oscillate in a coherent manner, resulting in periodic pulsations in the star's luminosity. Although Vega fits the physical profile for this type of variable, other observers have found no such variation. Thus the variability was thought to possibly be the result of systematic errors in measurement. However, a 2007 article surveyed these and other results, and concluded that "A conservative analysis of the foregoing results suggests that Vega is quite likely variable in the 1–2% range, with possible occasional excursions to as much as 4% from the mean". Also, a 2011 article affirms that "The long-term (year-to-year) variability of Vega was confirmed". 10489: 1063: 1055: 10477: 1606: 10706: 10426: 10483: 2278: 61: 10979: 11117: 1139: 1147: 2391: 989: 2305:. Hence it is more likely to have been produced as the result of a relatively recent breakup of a moderate-sized (or larger) comet or asteroid, which then further fragmented as the result of collisions between the smaller components and other bodies. This dusty disk would be relatively young on the time scale of the star's age, and it will eventually be removed unless other collision events supply more dust. 2124: 11153: 68: 11177: 11106: 11165: 895: 1245:, Struve revised his value for Vega's parallax to nearly double the original estimate. This change cast further doubt on Struve's data. Thus most astronomers at the time, including Struve, credited Bessel with the first published parallax result. However, Struve's initial result was actually close to the currently accepted value of 0.129″, as determined by the 2178:(AU), where an AU is the average radius of the Earth's orbit around the Sun. It was proposed that this radiation came from a field of orbiting particles with a dimension on the order of a millimetre, as anything smaller would eventually be removed from the system by radiation pressure or drawn into the star by means of 6565: 1357:

Photometric measurements of Vega during the 1930s appeared to show that the star had a low-magnitude variability on the order of ±0.03 magnitude (around ±2.8% luminosity). This range of variability was near the limits of observational capability for that time, and so the subject of Vega's variability

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Following the discovery of an infrared excess around Vega, other stars have been found that display a similar anomaly that is attributable to dust emission. As of 2002, about 400 of these stars have been found, and they have come to be termed "Vega-like" or "Vega-excess" stars. It is believed that

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in its core. Since more massive stars use their fusion fuel more quickly than smaller ones, Vega's main-sequence lifetime is roughly one billion years, a tenth of the Sun's. The current age of this star is about 455 million years, or up to about half its expected total main-sequence lifespan.

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or less. To maintain this amount of dust in orbit around Vega, a continual source of replenishment would be required. A proposed mechanism for maintaining the dust was a disk of coalesced bodies that were in the process of collapsing to form a planet. Models fitted to the dust distribution around

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effect. As viewed from the poles, this results in a darker (lower-intensity) limb than would normally be expected for a spherically symmetric star. The temperature gradient may also mean that Vega has a convection zone around the equator, while the remainder of the atmosphere is likely to be in

2301:. The disk of dust is produced as radiation pressure from Vega pushes debris from collisions of larger objects outward. However, continuous production of the amount of dust observed over the course of Vega's lifetime would require an enormous starting mass—estimated as hundreds of times the 3840:

Monnier, J. D.; Che, Xiao; Zhao, Ming; Ekstrom, S.; Maestro, V.; Aufdenberg, J.; Baron, F.; Georgy, C.; Kraus, S.; McAlister, H.; Pedretti, E.; Ridgway, S.; Sturmann, J.; Sturmann, L.; Brummelaar, T. ten (December 10, 2012), "Resolving Vega and the inclination controversy with CHARA/MIRC",

1598:. This is 60% larger than the radius of the star Sirius, while stellar models indicated it should only be about 12% larger. However, this discrepancy can be explained if Vega is a rapidly rotating star that is being viewed from the direction of its pole of rotation. Observations by the 1719:

is only about 32% of the abundance of heavy elements in the Sun's atmosphere. (Compare this, for example, to a threefold metallicity abundance in the similar star Sirius as compared to the Sun.) For comparison, the Sun has an abundance of elements heavier than helium of about

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effects. This rapid rotation of Vega produces a pronounced equatorial bulge, so the radius of the equator is 19% larger than the polar radius, compared to just under 11% for Saturn, the most oblate of the Solar System's planets. (The estimated polar radius of this star is

2433:. The observations showed that the debris ring is smooth and symmetric. No evidence was found of the blobs reported earlier, casting doubts on the hypothesized giant planet. The smooth structure has been confirmed in follow-up observations by Hughes et al. (2012) and the 1425:

is about 40 times the Sun's. Because it is rotating rapidly, approximately once every 16.5 hours, and seen nearly pole-on, its apparent luminosity, calculated assuming it was the same brightness all over, is about 57 times the Sun's. If Vega is variable, then it may be a

1269:, is of magnitude −1.46. To standardize the magnitude scale, astronomers chose Vega and several similar stars and averaged their brightness to represent magnitude zero at all wavelengths. Thus, for many years, Vega was used as a baseline for the calibration of absolute 2428:

in Hawaii in 2005, astronomers were able to further constrain the size of a planet orbiting Vega to no more than 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter. The issue of possible clumps in the debris disc was revisited in 2007 using newer, more sensitive instrumentation on the

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In 2021, a paper analyzing 10 years of spectra of Vega detected a candidate 2.43-day signal around Vega, statistically estimated to have only a 1% chance of being a false positive. Considering the amplitude of the signal, the authors estimated a minimum mass of

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to form helium nuclei through intermediary nuclei of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. This process becomes dominant at a temperature of about 17 million K, which is slightly higher than the core temperature of the Sun, but is less efficient than the Sun's

1699:, the discovery that it is rapidly rotating may challenge some of the underlying assumptions that were based on it being spherically symmetric. With the viewing angle and rotation rate of Vega now better known, this will allow improved instrument calibrations. 1087:, but around 12,000 BCE the pole was pointed only five degrees away from Vega. Through precession, the pole will again pass near Vega around 14,000 CE. Vega is the brightest of the successive northern pole stars. In 210,000 years, Vega will become 2182:. The latter is the result of radiation pressure creating an effective force that opposes the orbital motion of a dust particle, causing it to spiral inward. This effect is most pronounced for tiny particles that are closer to the star. 6453: 1924:. Although Vega is at present only the fifth-brightest star in the night sky, the star is slowly brightening as proper motion causes it to approach the Sun. Vega will make its closest approach in an estimated 264,000 years at a 3210: 1513:

may be present, confirmation of a corona as the likely source of the X-rays detected from Vega (or the region very close to Vega) may be difficult as most of any coronal X-rays would not be emitted along the line of sight.

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Gray, R. O.; Corbally, C. J.; Garrison, R. F.; McFadden, M. T.; Robinson, P. E. (2003). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 parsecs: The Northern Sample I".

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Motion transverse to the line of sight causes the position of Vega to shift with respect to the more distant background stars. Careful measurement of the star's position allows this angular movement, known as

1810:(toward the red), or to a higher frequency (toward the blue) if the motion is toward the Earth. Thus the velocity can be measured from the amount of shift of the star's spectrum. Precise measurements of this 822:

Vega is only about a tenth of the age of the Sun, but since it is 2.1 times as massive, its expected lifetime is also one tenth of that of the Sun; both stars are at present approaching the midpoint of their

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used photographs of the spectra of Vega and similar stars to identify a set of twelve "very strong lines" that were common to this stellar category. These were later identified as lines from the Hydrogen

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Each night the positions of the stars appear to change as the Earth rotates. However, when a star is located along the Earth's axis of rotation, it will remain in the same position and thus is called a

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Hurt, Spencer A.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Latham, David W.; Vanderburg, Andrew; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Calkins, Michael L.; Berlind, Perry; Angus, Ruth; Latham, Christian A.; Zhou, George (January 21, 2021).

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is a numerical value that decreases in value with increasing brightness of the star. The faintest stars visible to the unaided eye are sixth magnitude, while the brightest in the night sky,

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Earth masses, but considering the very oblique rotation of Vega itself of only 6.2° from Earth's perspective, the planet may be aligned to this plane as well, giving it an actual mass of

2818: 972:(WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included 3900:

Aufdenberg, J.P.; et al. (2006). "First results from the CHARA Array: VII. Long-Baseline Interferometric Measurements of Vega Consistent with a Pole-On, Rapidly Rotating Star?".

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Vega indicate that it is a 120-astronomical-unit-radius circular disk viewed from nearly pole-on. In addition, there is a hole in the center of the disk with a radius of no less than

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or mass loss, although stellar models show that this would normally only occur near the end of a star's hydrogen-burning lifespan. Another possibility is that the star formed from an

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The Future of Photometric, Spectrophotometric and Polarimetric Standardization, ASP Conference Series, Proceedings of a Conference Held 8–11 May 2006 in Blankenberge, Belgium

3054: 2596:, the year star. For a period of history it marked the start of their new year when the ground would be prepared for planting. Eventually this function became denoted by the 6621: 6594: 1547:. This is comparable to the mean magnetic field on the Sun. Magnetic fields of roughly 30 G have been reported for Vega, compared to about 1 G for the Sun. In 2015, bright 5594:

between a star joining the main sequence and turning off to the red giant branch. With a mass closer to 2.2, however, the interpolated age for Vega is less than a billion.

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that were used to set the initial mean values for this photometric system when it was introduced in the 1950s. The mean magnitudes for these six stars were defined as:

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of Vega is the component of this star's motion along the line-of-sight to the Earth. Movement away from the Earth will cause the light from Vega to shift to a lower

1385:(IRAS) discovered an excess of infrared radiation coming from the star, and this was attributed to energy emitted by the orbiting dust as it was heated by the star. 1273:

brightness scales. However, this is no longer the case, as the apparent magnitude zero point is now commonly defined in terms of a particular numerically specified

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noted stellar parallax in 1805-6 and came up with a 4-second value for the star which was a gross overestimate. The first person to publish a star's parallax was

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Vega has been extensively studied by astronomers, leading it to be termed "arguably the next most important star in the sky after the Sun". Vega was the northern

6431: 6560:{\displaystyle {\begin{smallmatrix}\mu ={\sqrt {{\mu _{\delta }}^{2}+{\mu _{\alpha }}^{2}\cdot \cos ^{2}\delta }}\ =\ 327.78\ {\text{mas/y}}\end{smallmatrix}}} 1324:= 0. In effect, the magnitude scale has been calibrated so that the magnitude of these stars is the same in the yellow, blue and ultraviolet parts of the 3128: 5165:

Johnson, H. L.; et al. (1953). "Fundamental stellar photometry for standards of spectral type on the revised system of the Yerkes spectral atlas".

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Although a planet has yet to be directly observed around Vega, the presence of a planetary system cannot yet be ruled out. Thus there could be smaller,

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Dick, Wolfgang R.; Ruben, G. (1988). "The First Successful Attempts to Determine Stellar Parallaxes in the Light of the Bessel/Struve Correspondence".

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The pole of Vega—its axis of rotation—is inclined no more than five degrees from the line-of-sight to the Earth. At the high end of estimates for the

1205:, the first photograph of a star's spectrum showing absorption lines. Similar lines had already been identified in the spectrum of the Sun. In 1879, 753: 8222: 2417:

closer to Vega. The migration of this planet would likely require gravitational interaction with a second, higher-mass planet in a smaller orbit.

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Böhm, T.; et al. (May 2015). "Discovery of starspots on Vega. First spectroscopic detection of surface structures on a normal A-type star".

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had ruled out a companion down to magnitude 16, which would correspond to a body with more than 12 times the mass of Jupiter. Astronomers at the

3312: 1079:. A complete precession cycle requires 25,770 years, during which time the pole of the Earth's rotation follows a circular path across the 515: 2825:, a literal Latin translation of the Arabic name. Medieval star charts also listed the alternate names Waghi, Vagieh and Veka for this star. 9759: 9739: 9729: 9724: 9709: 9290: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9245: 9240: 9235: 8150: 7226:

Wyatt, M. (2003). "Resonant Trapping of Planetesimals by Planet Migration: Debris Disk Clumps and Vega's Similarity to the Solar System".

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Browning, Matthew; et al. (2004). "Simulations of core convection in rotating A-type stars: Differential rotation and overshooting".

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Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007–2013)".

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Vega has a rotation period of 16.3 hours, much faster than the Sun's rotational period but similar to, and slightly slower than, those of

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Hughes, A. Meredith; et al. (2012). "Confirming the Primarily Smooth Structure of the Vega Debris Disk at Millimeter Wavelengths".

5201: 1629:) rotational velocity because Vega is seen almost pole-on. This is 88% of the speed that would cause the star to start breaking up from 10329: 10324: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10259: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 9230: 9225: 9210: 9200: 9195: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 8201: 1748:

abundance is about 50% of solar. On the other hand, Vega has only 10% to 30% of the solar abundance for most other major elements with

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with this planet—where their orbital periods form integer fractions with the period of the planet—producing the resulting clumpiness.

1935:. However, Vega may be much older than this group, so the membership remains uncertain. This group contains about 16 stars, including 1051:

at that time. Complementarily, Vega swoops down and kisses the horizon at true North at midnight on Dec 31/Jan 1, as seen from 51° N.

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Determining the nature of the planet has not been straightforward; a 2002 paper hypothesizes that the clumps are caused by a roughly

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solar radii.) From the Earth, this bulge is being viewed from the direction of its pole, producing the overly large radius estimate.

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From the perspective of an observer on a hypothetical planet around Vega, the Sun would appear as a faint 4.3-magnitude star in the

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about the core that evenly distributes the 'ash' from the fusion reaction within the core region. The overlying atmosphere is in

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and showed some slight variability. Thus it was suggested that Vega showed occasional low-amplitude pulsations associated with a

1277:. This approach is more convenient for astronomers, since Vega is not always available for calibration and varies in brightness. 7355:

Piétu, V.; et al. (July 2011). "High-sensitivity search for clumps in the Vega Kuiper-belt. New PdBI 1.3 mm observations".

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Star Lore of All Ages: A Collection of Myths, Legends, and Facts Concerning the Constellations of the Northern Hemisphere

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Uranography: Or, A Description of the Heavens; Designed for Academics and Schools; Accompanied by an Atlas of the Heavens

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beyond the Sun known to be an X-ray emitter when in 1979 it was observed from an imaging X-ray telescope launched on an

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showed a lower than expected flux for the hypothesized particles, suggesting that they must instead be on the order of

1230: 4511:. Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 75. 1185:

process. On 17 July 1850, Vega became the first star (other than the Sun) to be photographed, when it was imaged by

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The path of the north celestial pole among the stars due to the precession. Vega is the bright star near the bottom.

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Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system".

1130:. The Summer Triangle is recognizable in the northern skies for there are few other bright stars in its vicinity. 11247: 6395:

Adelman, Saul J.; et al. (1990). "An elemental abundance analysis of the superficially normal A star Vega".

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Petit, P.; Böhm, T.; Folsom, C. P.; Lignières, F.; Cang, T. (2022). "A decade-long magnetic monitoring of Vega".

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Hamacher, Duane W.; et al. (2010). "An Aboriginal Australian Record of the Great Eruption of Eta Carinae".

11257: 11207: 8929: 7833:[AEEA (Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy)] (in Chinese). July 3, 2006. Archived from 5927:

Vaiana, G. S. (1980). A. K. Dupree (ed.). "Stellar Coronae – Overview of the Einstein / CFA Stellar Survey In:

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The Call of the Stars: A Popular Introduction to a Knowledge of the Starry Skies with their Romance and Legend

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may be evidence of dynamical perturbations within the system. This may be caused by an intense bombardment of

878:. Stars that display an infrared excess due to dust emission are termed Vega-like stars. In 2021, a candidate 5958:

Munro, R. H.; et al. (May 1977). "Physical properties of a polar coronal hole from 2 to 5 solar radii".

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Hayes, D. S. (May 24–29, 1984). "Stellar absolute fluxes and energy distributions from 0.32 to 4.0 microns".

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that reaches a maximum at the poles. From Earth, Vega is observed from the direction of one of these poles.

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The distance to Vega can be determined by measuring its parallax shift against the background stars as the

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Absil, O.; et al. (2006). "Circumstellar material in the Vega inner system revealed by CHARA/FLUOR".

4930: 4835: 3388: 2262:). Production of the dust would require collisions between asteroids in a population corresponding to the 2246:. These much wider disks were found to be circular and free of clumps, with dust particles ranging from 1– 1509:

for this star must be very weak or non-existent. However, as the pole of Vega is facing Earth and a polar

1328:. Thus, Vega has a relatively flat electromagnetic spectrum in the visual region—wavelength range 350–850 10947: 10901: 10375: 8226: 7148:"Astronomers discover possible new Solar Systems in formation around the nearby stars Vega and Fomalhaut" 3116: 2218:

had produced high-resolution infrared images of the dust around Vega. It was shown to extend out to 43″ (

1583: 1526: 1194: 969: 685: 4119: 2786:, that among the Nakshatras he is Abhijit, which remark indicates the auspiciousness of this Nakshatra. 11267: 11252: 11143: 10465: 9885: 7557:"Al Achsasi Al Mouakket, on a catalogue of stars in the Calendarium of Mohammad Al Achsasi Al Mouakket" 7302:

Itoh, Yoichi; et al. (2006). "Coronagraphic Search for Extrasolar Planets around ε Eri and Vega".

3088: 2648: 1952: 1881: 1877: 1688:, the local luminosity is higher at the poles. As a result, if Vega were viewed along the plane of its 1241:

was skeptical about Struve's data, and, when Bessel published a parallax of 0.314″ for the star system

1088: 3246:, δ = −38° 47′ 01.291″, which is in the western part of Columba. 1075:. The direction of the Earth's axis of rotation gradually changes over time in a process known as the 9102: 8954: 7737:

Gingerich, O. (1987). "Zoomorphic Astrolabes and the Introduction of Arabic Star Names into Europe".

3464: 3023: 1378: 1301: 1202: 800: 677: 114: 17: 10770: 8154: 8104: 6599: 6572: 4532: 3605:"Hubble Space Telescope Absolute Spectrophotometry of Vega from the Far-Ultraviolet to the Infrared" 1931:

Based on this star's kinematic properties, it appears to belong to a stellar association called the

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in the night sky, and will peak in brightness in 290,000 years with an apparent magnitude of –0.81.

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Stanbridge, William Edward (1857). "On the astronomy and mythology of the Aborigines of Victoria".

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Holland, Wayne S.; et al. (1998). "Submillimetre images of dusty debris around nearby stars".

2434: 2171:) centered on the star. At the measured distance of Vega, this corresponded to an actual radius of 1767:

A0–F0 stars remains unclear. One possibility is that the chemical peculiarity may be the result of

1732:. Thus, in terms of abundances, only about 0.54% of Vega consists of elements heavier than helium. 1533: 1486: 1359: 1325: 799:

will be +86° 14′. Vega was the first star other than the Sun to have its image and

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make a bridge so that Niulang and Zhinü can be together again for a brief encounter. The Japanese

10978: 8256: 6047: 5805: 4554: 3469: 2456: 2360:) to the northeast of Vega. This was hypothesized as either a perturbation of the dust disk by a 2328:

at Mt. Hopkins in 2011, revealed evidence for an inner dust band around Vega. Originating within

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coming from Vega, beyond what would be expected from the star alone. This excess was measured at

1529:. This is the first such detection of a magnetic field on a spectral class A star that is not an 1447: 1438: 812: 773: 10488: 5667: 1218:

of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified.

11237: 10434: 10407: 10402: 10368: 9528: 6836: 5126:"Spectrophotometry with a self-scanned silicon photodiode array. II – Secondary standard stars" 3761:

Evans, D. S. (June 20–24, 1966). "The Revision of the General Catalogue of Radial Velocities".

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Defrère, D.; et al. (2011). "Hot exozodiacal dust resolved around Vega with IOTA/IONIC".

2835:" famously opens with the couplet, "Out on the lawn I lie in bed,/Vega conspicuous overhead". 1332:, most of which can be seen with the human eye—so the flux densities are roughly equal; 2,000– 1011:

summer. From mid-southern latitudes, it can be seen low above the northern horizon during the

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Most of the energy produced at Vega's core is generated by the carbon–nitrogen–oxygen cycle (

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Oke, J. B.; et al. (1970). "The Absolute Spectral Energy Distribution of Alpha Lyrae".

5315: 5042: 4727: 4029: 3977: 3573: 3062: 2750:, Vega was sometimes associated with Vanant, a minor divinity whose name means "conqueror". 2519: 1760: 11072: 10806: 10798: 10505: 7985: 7942: 7746: 7688: 7628: 7568: 7527: 7480: 7427: 7374: 7321: 7245: 7192: 7112: 7046: 6993: 6940: 6893: 6852: 6808: 6733: 6675: 6404: 6367: 6326: 6294: 6251: 6161: 6091: 6012: 5967: 5940: 5906: 5869: 5778: 5710: 5630: 5549: 5506: 5469: 5423: 5392: 5365: 5311: 5274: 5174: 5137: 5063: 5038: 4899: 4799: 4758: 4723: 4469: 4403: 4347: 4277: 4154: 4025: 3973: 3919: 3860: 3801: 3770: 3740: 3694: 3656: 3616: 3569: 3400: 2927: 2654: 2612: 2023: 1427: 1363: 1226: 1099: 1048: 886:

method, additionally, another possible Saturn-mass signal with a period of about 200 days.

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Barrado y Navascues, D. (1998). "The Castor moving group. The age of Fomalhaut and VEGA".

5458:"Detection of soft X-rays from Alpha Lyrae and Eta Bootis with an imaging X-ray telescope" 4579: 4448:"A Decade of Radial-velocity Monitoring of Vega and New Limits on the Presence of Planets" 3242:

The Sun would appear at the diametrically opposite coordinates from Vega at α =

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Burnham's Celestial Handbook: An Observer's Guide to the Universe Beyond the Solar System

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Barker, George F. (1887). "On the Henry Draper Memorial Photographs of Stellar Spectra".

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over 56 million years, an orbit large enough to allow the formation of smaller

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that has since become gravitationally unbound. The estimated age of this moving group is

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The energy flux from Vega has been precisely measured against standard light sources. At

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Kunitzsch, Paul (1986). "The Star Catalogue Commonly Appended to the Alfonsine Tables".

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Antia, H. M.; et al. (2006). "Determining Solar Abundances Using Helioseismology".

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Mengel, J. G.; et al. (1979). "Stellar evolution from the zero-age main sequence".

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A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations

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and Vega. All members of the group are moving in nearly the same direction with similar

1675:. This large temperature difference between the poles and the equator produces a strong 11181: 11110: 11036: 10959: 10880: 10576: 10438: 8922: 8365: 8249: 7958: 7932: 7762: 7758: 7704: 7496: 7470: 7443: 7417: 7390: 7364: 7337: 7311: 7261: 7235: 7208: 7182: 7151: 7128: 7062: 7036: 7009: 6983: 6956: 6930: 6749: 6723: 6665: 6267: 6241: 6214: 6107: 6081: 6028: 6002: 5829: 5726: 5700: 5660: 5522: 4817: 4487: 4459: 4419: 4393: 4363: 4337: 4301: 4267: 4041: 4015: 3935: 3909: 3850: 3710: 3684: 3585: 3559: 3416: 3120: 2666: 2574: 2441: 2174: 1685: 1518: 1455: 1398: 1370: 1262: 1190: 1151: 859: 769: 377: 199: 10732: 7954: 6126: 5302:

Gautschy, A.; et al. (1995). "Stellar Pulsations Across The HR Diagram: Part 1".

3814: 3789: 3412: 10942: 10516: 10446: 8973: 8058: 8033: 7962: 7903: 7861: 7810: 7708: 7636: 7601: 7447: 7439: 7341: 6906: 6881: 6772: 6380: 6355: 6218: 6206: 5836: 5749: 5671: 5643: 5618: 5104: 5079: 4986: 4953: 4907: 4866: 4821: 4766: 4691: 4666: 4641: 4634: 4609: 4512: 4491: 4293: 4213: 4077: 4070: 4045: 3876: 3872: 3714: 3519: 3420: 3223: 3068: 2885: 2808: 2774: 2686: 2631: 2615:, Vega may have been one of the stars named Dilgan, "the Messenger of Light". To the 2608: 2506:

at 6.2° inclination) but is too faint to claim as a real signal with available data.

2409: 2384: 2380: 2376:

suggested that the image may indicate a planetary system still undergoing formation.

2361: 2255: 2106: 2003: 1791: 1676: 1630: 1595: 1258: 1095: 917: 879: 844: 730: 650: 613: 216: 85: 7766: 7394: 7265: 7212: 6960: 6753: 6271: 6111: 5730: 4367: 3939: 3589: 3305: 3205:{\displaystyle v_{\text{sp}}={\sqrt {10.7^{2}+8.0^{2}+9.7^{2}}}=16.5~{\text{km/s}}.} 3018:

For a metallicity of −0.5, the proportion of metals relative to the Sun is given by

1489:. The lines of other elements are relatively weak, with the strongest being ionized 866:. This dust is likely to be the result of collisions between objects in an orbiting 11157: 10965: 10898: 10816: 8830: 8494: 8479: 7950: 7754: 7696: 7576: 7535: 7500: 7488: 7435: 7382: 7329: 7253: 7200: 7132: 7120: 7066: 7054: 7013: 7001: 6948: 6901: 6860: 6816: 6741: 6623:

are the components of proper motion in the R.A. and Declination, respectively, and

6412: 6375: 6334: 6259: 6198: 6169: 6099: 6032: 6020: 5975: 5877: 5786: 5718: 5638: 5557: 5526: 5514: 5477: 5431: 5319: 5282: 5182: 5145: 5071: 4978: 4807: 4477: 4423: 4411: 4355: 4285: 4162: 4033: 3981: 3927: 3868: 3809: 3702: 3624: 3577: 3408: 2942: 2758: 2728: 2627:, the start of autumn was based upon the hour at which Vega set below the horizon. 2561: 2552: 2425: 2333: 2317: 1614: 1450:

fusion reaction. The CNO cycle is highly temperature sensitive, which results in a

1238: 1215: 1166: 1080: 1040: 836: 568: 560: 486: 340: 147: 121: 10752: 7834: 7492: 7386: 7005: 6745: 6103: 6024: 4863:

Mapping the Spectrum: Techniques of Visual Representation in Research and Teaching

4305: 4145:

Gulliver, Austin F.; et al. (1994). "Vega: A rapidly rotating pole-on star".

4037: 3494: 1054: 11086: 10953: 10811: 9880: 9865: 9845: 8431: 7804: 7461:

Sibthorpe, B.; et al. (2010). "The Vega debris disc: A view from Herschel".

7058: 5993:

Lignières, F.; et al. (2009). "First evidence of a magnetic field on Vega".

4100: 3986: 3957: 3790:"Astrometric Studies of Aldebaran, Arcturus, Vega, the Hyades, and Other Regions" 3649:

VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S

3581: 3499: 2604: 2547:, "the falling eagle/vulture". The constellation was represented as a vulture in 2515: 2302: 2149: 1842: 1837: 1803: 1787: 1696: 1657: 1576: 1530: 1474: 1451: 1206: 1103: 993: 883: 847:

effects, and, as a result, there is a variation of temperature across the star's

803:

photographed. It was one of the first stars whose distance was estimated through

499: 284: 175: 10476: 6459: 3458: 1358:

has been controversial. The magnitude of Vega was measured again in 1981 at the

8862: 8695: 8510: 8318: 7700: 5338: 4482: 4447: 2847: 2832: 2747: 2616: 2578: 2566: 2365: 2364:

or else an orbiting object that was surrounded by dust. However, images by the

2112: 2010: 1764: 1681: 1522: 1506: 1459: 1402: 1394: 1257:

The brightness of a star, as seen from Earth, is measured with a standardized,

1123: 641: 348: 328: 316: 10747: 8003: 6174: 6149: 5075: 4982: 4755:

Night Has a Thousand Eyes: A Naked-Eye Guide to the Sky, Its Science, and Lore

3550:

van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction".

11232: 11197: 11191: 10892: 10570: 9011: 9006: 8915: 8846: 8790: 8650: 8634: 8584: 8441: 8426: 8350: 7581: 7556: 7173:

Wilner, D.; et al. (2002). "Structure in the Dusty Debris around Vega".

6865: 6840: 6714:

Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. (March 2015). "Close encounters of the stellar kind".

5882: 5857: 4737: 3880: 3433:

That is, a vulture on the ground with its wings folded (Edward William Lane,

2859: 2855: 2804: 2556: 2548: 2259: 1955:. Membership in a moving group implies a common origin for these stars in an 1944: 1827: 1708: 1605: 1478: 1211: 1182: 1159: 832: 824: 722: 305: 260: 221: 102: 10482: 7782:"The Fatherland of the Polynesians – Aryan and Polynesian Points of Contact" 6202: 2398:

In 2003, it was hypothesized that these clumps could be caused by a roughly

11169: 10939: 10742: 10657: 10497: 10146: 10127: 9046: 9001: 8996: 8724: 8555: 8436: 8385: 8370: 8355: 8180: 6921:

Ciardi, David R.; et al. (2001). "On The Near-Infrared Size of Vega".

6210: 5497:

Harvey, Paul E.; et al. (1984). "On the far-infrared excess of Vega".

5436: 5411: 5362:

Proceedings of the Symposium, Calibration of fundamental stellar quantities

4297: 2817: 2727:. However, one day per year on the seventh day of the seventh month of the 2624: 2414: 2313: 2282: 2277: 2203: 1956: 1940: 1936: 1660:

at the poles is greater than at the equator, which produces a variation in

1642: 1544: 1510: 1198: 1028: 875: 459: 407: 6769:

Observer's Guide to Stellar Evolution: The Birth, Life, and Death of Stars

5007: 4582:. IAU Division C: Education, Outreach and Heritage (WGSN). August 21, 2016 3377:{\displaystyle \ \Rightarrow \ 4.83-5-(5\ \times \log _{10}0.13023)=4.256} 2714: 2710: 1551:

were detected on the star's surface—the first such detection for a normal

1146: 10933: 10737: 10722: 10714: 10674: 10182: 10122: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10076: 10071: 9819: 9041: 9031: 9021: 9016: 8991: 8867: 8774: 8769: 8600: 8539: 8395: 8380: 8375: 7316: 7240: 7187: 7041: 6935: 6670: 6285:

Renson, P.; et al. (1990). "Catalogue of Lambda Bootis Candidates".

6246: 5705: 4398: 4342: 4324:

Su, K. Y. L.; et al. (2005). "The Vega Debris Disk: A Surprise from

4272: 4135:—use the "display all measurements" option to show additional parameters. 3914: 3689: 2828: 2812: 2662: 2445: 2421: 2356:

in 1997 revealed an "elongated bright central region" that peaked at 9″ (

2321: 2267: 2263: 2132: 1858: 1716: 1712: 1599: 1552: 1525:

has been detected on the surface of Vega by a team of astronomers at the

1418: 1350: 1285: 1170: 1127: 1044: 1016: 871: 867: 863: 848: 828: 796: 553: 250: 239: 188: 67: 60: 8907: 4289: 4258:

Peterson, D. M.; et al. (2006). "Vega is a rapidly rotating star".

2838:

Vega became the first star to have a car named after it with the French

1473:

with an error margin of 2%. The visual spectrum of Vega is dominated by

1381:. In 1983, Vega became the first star found to have a disk of dust. The 795:

around 12,000 BCE and will be so again around the year 13,727, when its

10727: 10612: 10159: 10066: 10061: 10056: 10051: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9835: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9734: 9719: 9714: 9704: 9699: 9250: 9036: 8986: 8740: 8411: 7657: 2839: 2792: 2766: 2448:

of planetary orbits around Vega is likely to be closely aligned to the

2159: 2153: 2055: 1925: 1916:. The radial component of this velocity—in the direction of the Sun—is 1692:

instead of almost pole-on, then its overall brightness would be lower.

1251: 1138: 1024: 757: 472: 424: 363: 272: 5858:"The near ultraviolet stellar spectra of alpha Lyrae and beta Orionis" 2658: 1536:. The average line of sight component of this field has a strength of 1083:

that passes near several prominent stars. At present the pole star is

807:

measurements. Vega has functioned as the baseline for calibrating the

11081: 11068: 11009: 10921: 10908: 10843: 10793: 10663: 10629: 10600: 10458: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9899: 9679: 9674: 9664: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9488: 9473: 9468: 9458: 9453: 9438: 9433: 9428: 9423: 9413: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9338: 9328: 9313: 9308: 9064: 9059: 9026: 8272: 5518: 5057: 4733: 3899: 2843: 2724: 2723:, lit. "weaver girl", Vega) who is on the far side of the river, the 2589: 2570: 2285:-sized objects that may have contributed to the dust ring around Vega 1948: 1846: 1811: 1807: 1768: 1763:. However, the reason for the existence of such chemically peculiar, 1490: 1434: 1414: 1329: 1247: 1072: 792: 777: 4560:. IAU Division C: Education, Outreach and Heritage (WGSN). July 2016 3962:

for metal-poor A-type stars using V and 2MASS J, H and K magnitudes"

10864: 10824: 10788: 10775: 10641: 10588: 10559: 10547: 10530: 10319: 10264: 10254: 10164: 10117: 9860: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9220: 9215: 9205: 9190: 9135: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9051: 8896: 8891: 7540: 7515: 7460: 7333: 7257: 7204: 6952: 6821: 6796: 6416: 6339: 6314: 6263: 5979: 5790: 5722: 5561: 5482: 5457: 5287: 5262: 5186: 5150: 5125: 5029:

Perryman, M. A. C.; et al. (1997). "The Hipparcos Catalogue".

4812: 4787: 4464: 4415: 4359: 4210:

The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science

4166: 4020: 3931: 3706: 3629: 3604: 2789: 2736: 2597: 1862: 1753: 1733: 1548: 1498: 1482: 1421:. At present, Vega has more than twice the mass of the Sun and its 1405: 1340: 1242: 1004: 855: 804: 785: 630: 7937: 7475: 7422: 7369: 7124: 6988: 6728: 6086: 6007: 4661:

Chaikin, Andrew L. (1990). Beatty, J. K.; Petersen, C. C. (eds.).

3855: 3564: 988: 10803: 10691: 10652: 10623: 10541: 10345: 10132: 9875: 9850: 9110: 8754: 8679: 8619: 8446: 8421: 8302: 8202:"New evidence for Solar-like planetary system around nearby star" 7281:"New evidence for Solar-like planetary system around nearby star" 7081: 4714:

Tomkin, Jocelyn (April 1998). "Once and Future Celestial Kings".

2800: 2779: 2754: 2620: 2607:

named this pole star Dayan-same, the "Judge of Heaven", while in

2449: 2399: 1689: 1568: 1374: 1084: 95: 88: 10360: 4665:(4th ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 843:

at the equator. This causes the equator to bulge outward due to

827:

lifetimes. Compared with the Sun, Vega has a lower abundance of

10886: 10192: 10174: 9870: 9855: 8709: 8664: 8470: 8451: 8360: 5455: 5028: 3219:

Introductory Statistics and Analytics: A Resampling Perspective

2783: 2732: 2706: 2582: 2525: 2344:, and may be evidence for the existence of a planetary system. 2341: 2123: 2033: 1822:. The minus sign indicates a relative motion toward the Earth. 1794:, which may be causing an abundance anomaly through diffusion. 1749: 1745: 1741: 1667: 1572: 1442: 1409: 1335: 1266: 1107: 1062: 1000: 957: 941: 929: 761: 700: 545: 437: 368: 6071: 4383: 2390: 1790:

near the surface. Energy transfer is instead performed by the

1582:

When the radius of Vega was measured to high accuracy with an

130: 8964: 8605: 8524: 8390: 8280: 6920: 6189:

Quirrenbach, Andreas (2007). "Seeing the Surfaces of Stars".

5336: 2540: 2337: 1502: 1222: 1115: 1032: 811:

brightness scale and was one of the stars used to define the

8241: 7721: 7354: 7278: 6973: 5897:

Schmitt, J. H. M. M. (1999). "Coronae on solar-like stars".

4888:"Anchor Points for the MK System of Spectral Classification" 4384:

Song, Inseok; et al. (2002). "M-Type Vega-like Stars".

4257: 4180: 3673: 1413:

After leaving the main sequence, Vega will become a class-M

1106:, which consists of Vega plus the two first-magnitude stars 8938: 8815: 8569: 7102: 7026: 5616: 5539: 2690: 2373: 1992: 1494: 1274: 1178: 726: 718: 576: 332: 320: 162: 156: 136: 107: 11164: 8199: 7407: 6353: 4788:"Photographs of Venus, Mercury and Alpha Lyræ in Daylight" 2842:

line of cars from 1954 onwards, and later on, in America,

2266:

around the Sun. Thus the dust is more likely created by a

1586:, it resulted in an unexpectedly large estimated value of 1019:

of +38.78°, Vega can only be viewed at latitudes north of

903: 7900:

A History of Zoroastrianism, volume one: The Early Period

6794: 5992: 4445: 3767:

Determination of Radial Velocities and Their Applications

2851: 2016: 1339:. However, the flux density of Vega drops rapidly in the 894: 765: 159: 133: 6882:"Models of the dust structures around Vega-excess stars" 6879: 4736:

data. (The calculations exclude stars whose distance or

4555:"Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" 4323: 4005: 3518:(2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. 2884:(4th ed.). New York: Springer-Verlag. p. 382. 2565:, which were drawn up between 1215 and 1270 by order of 1462:

centered on the core with an overlying convection zone.

1027:

or in the southernmost part of South America, including

898:

Vega is the brightest star in the constellation of Lyra.

882:

on a 2.43-day orbit around Vega was discovered with the

8223:"Spitzer Sees Dusty Aftermath of Pluto-Sized Collision" 7520:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

5267:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

4792:

Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific

2289:

The inner boundary of the debris disk was estimated at

1625:

along the equator, much higher than the observed (i.e.

1505:

emission from Vega is very low, demonstrating that the

8153:. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Archived from 7978:

Proceedings of the Philosophical Institute of Victoria

6287:

Bulletin d'Information du Centre de Données Stellaires

5062:. Astronomers' Universe. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. 2509: 1869:, which results in angular movement of a degree every 1759:

The unusually low metallicity of Vega makes it a weak

31:"Star Vega" redirects here. For the psychologist, see 11141: 7172: 6629: 6602: 6575: 6456: 6284: 4253: 4251: 3839: 3315: 3255: 3131: 3026: 2850:

in 1971. Other vehicles named after Vega include the

2619:, the constellation Lyra was formed from the harp of 8200:

Gilchrist, Eleanor; et al. (December 1, 2003).

8079:"W. H. Auden – A Summer Night (to Geoffrey Hoyland)" 7516:"On the inclination of extra-solar planetary orbits" 6841:"Dynamical effects of radiation in the solar system" 5164: 4975:

Mapping the Sky: Past Heritage and Future Directions

3389:"The Introduction of Absolute Magnitude (1902–1922)" 2581:

used the names Wega and Alvaca, and depicted it and

2479:

Earth masses. The researchers also detected a faint

950: 934: 835:—that is, a star whose brightness fluctuates. It is 153: 127: 7724:

E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–36

6655: 6182: 6154:

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union

5831:

Principles of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis

5651: 4203: 4201: 4144: 2250:

in size. The estimated total mass of this dust is 3

1058:Path of Vega at winter solstice, as seen from 51°N 1039:, Vega remains continuously above the horizon as a 150: 124: 7096: 6635: 6615: 6588: 6559: 6127:"Rapidly Spinning Star Vega has Cool Dark Equator" 5828: 5690: 5659: 5490: 4633: 4248: 4069: 3457: 3376: 3296: 3204: 3048: 2281:Artist's concept of a recent massive collision of 7561:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 7073: 6886:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 6845:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 6360:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 5862:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 5619:"A New View of Vega's Composition, Mass, and Age" 4238:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 1778:The observed helium to hydrogen ratio in Vega is 1609:Size comparison of Vega (left) to the Sun (right) 1023:. Therefore, it does not rise at all anywhere in 948:) meaning "falling" or "landing", via the phrase 11189: 7849: 7513: 7301: 6797:"On the nature of the material surrounding VEGA" 5496: 5383:Gray, Raymond (2007). "The Problems with Vega". 5206:Optical and UV Spectrophotometric Standard Stars 4599: 4597: 4198: 3951: 3949: 1233:, when he announced a value of 0.125 arcsecond ( 858:radiation than expected, Vega appears to have a 8221:Hill, Gay Yee; et al. (January 10, 2005). 7279:Gilchrist, E.; et al. (December 1, 2003). 6394: 6347: 5737: 5403: 5337:I.A., Vasil'yev; et al. (March 17, 1989). 5101:Star-Hopping: Your Visa to Viewing the Universe 4608:(4th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Field Guides. 4379: 4377: 4319: 4317: 4315: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3602: 1775:of gas and dust that was unusually metal-poor. 1122:. This formation is the approximate shape of a 10856: 8225:. NASA/Spitzer Space Telescope. Archived from 7925:Journal of Astronomical History & Heritage 7855: 7730: 7454: 7295: 7219: 6873: 5657: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5606: 5604: 5602: 5600: 5256: 5254: 4785: 4679: 4627: 4625: 4095: 4093: 3955: 3835: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3825: 3646: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3513: 3456: 3081: 1458:. This is in contrast to the Sun, which has a 1417:and shed much of its mass, finally becoming a 10376: 8923: 8257: 8142: 7649: 7166: 6790: 6788: 6312: 6225: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5092: 4892:Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 4709: 4707: 4594: 4231: 4229: 3946: 3769:. Vol. 30. London, England. p. 57. 2718: 2700: 2694: 2676: 2670: 2641: 2635: 2202:these may provide clues to the origin of the 1967:, and they have an average space velocity of 1664:over the star: the polar temperature is near 1197:, also with a daguerreotype. In August 1872, 193:+38° 47′ 01.2802″ 8119: 8046: 7922: 7672: 7548: 7272: 7079: 7020: 6967: 6914: 6829: 6713: 6423: 6356:"The pulsating lambda Bootis star HD 105759" 5986: 5957: 5951: 5684: 5566:—From pages 769–778: for stars in the range 5301: 4966: 4836:"Spectroscopy and the Birth of Astrophysics" 4779: 4374: 4312: 4138: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3886: 3781: 3393:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 3123:formula applies. Hence, the net velocity is 2524:The name is believed to be derived from the 2163:, and came from within an angular radius of 1974: 1830:, to be calculated. Vega's proper motion is 1671:, while the equatorial temperature is about 928:) comes from a loose transliteration of the 768:, and one of the most luminous stars in the 8220: 8027: 7969: 7874: 7715: 7614: 7589: 7507: 7401: 7139: 6686: 6315:"The Abundance Patterns of Sirius and Vega" 6306: 6278: 6188: 6150:"The physical properties of normal A stars" 6141: 5849: 5820: 5762: 5743: 5597: 5409: 5304:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 5295: 5251: 5225: 5193: 4879: 4654: 4640:. Vol. 2. Courier Dover Publications. 4622: 4441: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4207: 4090: 3822: 3756: 3754: 3733:CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues 3549: 3532: 2394:Artist's impression of a planet around Vega 1388: 976:for this star. It is now so entered in the 10383: 10369: 8930: 8916: 8264: 8250: 8021: 7975: 7891: 7739:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 6785: 6760: 6388: 6039: 5890: 5662:Evolution of Stars and Stellar Populations 5533: 5444: 5158: 5022: 4935:. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 42. 4928: 4746: 4704: 4498: 4226: 4173: 2320:in 2001 and then later confirmed with the 1477:of hydrogen; specifically by the hydrogen 8937: 8092: 7996: 7936: 7916: 7773: 7736: 7726:. Vol. VII. E.J. Brill. p. 292. 7678: 7580: 7539: 7474: 7421: 7368: 7315: 7239: 7186: 7040: 6987: 6934: 6905: 6864: 6835: 6820: 6727: 6707: 6669: 6651: 6649: 6379: 6338: 6245: 6231: 6173: 6085: 6065: 6006: 5922: 5920: 5881: 5855: 5768: 5704: 5642: 5617:Yoon, Jinmi; et al. (January 2010). 5481: 5435: 5353: 5286: 5232:McMahon, Richard G. (November 23, 2005). 5149: 5117: 5098: 5059:The Making of History's Greatest Star Map 5005: 4999: 4972: 4939: 4860: 4854: 4811: 4685: 4603: 4481: 4463: 4397: 4341: 4271: 4052: 4019: 3994: 3985: 3913: 3854: 3813: 3688: 3628: 3563: 3060: 2717:) are separated from their mother Zhinü ( 2383:. Dust would collect in orbits that have 2381:Jupiter-mass planet on an eccentric orbit 1928:distance of 13.2 ly (4.04 pc). 1707:In astronomy, those elements with higher 1575:. Because of that, Vega is significantly 1300:values, respectively. Vega is one of six 1173:of celestial objects, began in 1840 when 8204:. Joint Astronomy Centre. Archived from 8148: 7655: 7150:. Joint Astronomy Centre. Archived from 6434:. University of Virginia. Archived from 6429: 6129:. National Optical Astronomy Observatory 6118: 5929:Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun 5797: 5376: 5330: 5055: 4922: 4885: 4533:"IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)" 4430: 4107:. Philadelphia: Oxford University Press. 3787: 3751: 3726: 3724: 3603:Bohlin, R. C.; Gilliland, R. L. (2004). 3507: 3427: 2872: 2389: 2276: 2258:(around 7.5 times more massive than the 2122: 1697:standard star for calibrating telescopes 1604: 1284:measures the magnitude of stars through 1145: 1137: 1133: 1061: 1053: 987: 893: 27:Brightest star in the constellation Lyra 8052: 7348: 6692: 6147: 5896: 5826: 5658:Salaris, Maurizio; et al. (2005). 5542:Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 5231: 5130:Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 5123: 4786:Holden, Edward S.; et al. (1890). 4660: 4631: 4572: 4208:Barger, M. Susan; et al. (2000) . 4099: 3667: 2555:. The Arabic name then appeared in the 2539:star catalogue and was translated into 1430:with a period of about 0.107 day. 1043:. Around July 1, Vega reaches midnight 780:, and the second-brightest star in the 312: 14: 11190: 8071: 7880: 7620: 7595: 7554: 6766: 6646: 5926: 5917: 5586:, stellar models give an age range of 5260: 4752: 4713: 4504: 4235: 4111: 3730: 3642: 3640: 3386: 3236: 2611:it was Tir-anna, "Life of Heaven". In 1555:, and these features show evidence of 1397:is A0V, making it a blue-tinged white 1035:(53° S). At latitudes to the north of 206:+0.026 (−0.02 – +0.07) 10364: 8911: 8245: 8178: 8125: 7897: 7823: 7786:The Journal of the Polynesian Society 7779: 7722:Houtsma, M. Th.; et al. (1987). 7598:Ancient Egypt: the Light of the World 7225: 7145: 6354:Martinez, Peter; et al. (1998). 6124: 6045: 5359: 5199: 4952:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 4945: 4547: 4067: 3763:Proceedings from IAU Symposium no. 30 3760: 3721: 3596: 3297:{\displaystyle m=M_{v}-5-5\log _{10}} 3222:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 20. 3215: 3087:The space velocity components in the 3012: 2490:-day signal which could translate to 1861:, which is equivalent to a change in 1744:is only marginally less abundant and 1711:than helium are termed "metals". The 1602:in 2005–06 confirmed this deduction. 1288:, blue and yellow filters, producing 964:), "the falling eagle". In 2016, the 8098: 8053:Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius (1533). 7681:Journal for the History of Astronomy 7080:Girault-Rime, Marion (Summer 2006). 6880:Dent, W. R. F.; et al. (2000). 6448:—The net proper motion is given by: 6048:"Magnetic Field On Bright Star Vega" 5803: 5382: 4686:Roy, Archie E.; et al. (2003). 4525: 3514:Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). 3489: 3487: 3478:participating institution membership 3064:The Chemical Evolution of the Galaxy 2833:A Summer Night (to Geoffrey Hoyland) 2743:(織姫), is also based on this legend. 2739:festival, in which Vega is known as 1702: 91: 8814: 8028:Tyson, Donald; et al. (1993). 7802: 7796: 7656:Houlding, Deborah (December 2005). 6795:Harper, D. A.; et al. (1984). 5808:. Rochester Institute of Technology 5412:"The long-term variability of Vega" 5364:. Vol. 111. pp. 225–252. 5324:10.1146/annurev.aa.33.090195.000451 5049: 4828: 3637: 2879: 2623:, with Vega as its handle. For the 2510:Etymology and cultural significance 2347: 2185:Subsequent measurements of Vega at 1920:, while the transverse velocity is 1884:components of Vega are (U, V, W) = 1865:. The net proper motion of Vega is 1150:"On the night of July 16–17, 1850, 324: 24: 8151:"The Lockheed Vega and Its Pilots" 7860:. Chinese Intercontinental Press. 7759:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37197.x 7514:Campbell, B.; et al. (1985). 4688:Astronomy: Principles and Practice 4606:A Field Guide to Stars and Planets 4535:. International Astronomical Union 4072:Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning 2144:One of the early results from the 2139: 25: 11284: 11085:(Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021; 11071:(Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021; 10390: 8172: 7955:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2010.03.06 7856:Wei, Liming; et al. (2005). 6699:. The Macmillan company. p. 6458: 5222:—flux versus wavelength for Vega. 5008:"The First Parallax Measurements" 4886:Garrison, R. F. (December 1993). 4117: 3484: 3413:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2006.02.06 3249:The visual magnitude is given by 2444:orbiting closer to the star. The 1645:, while the equatorial radius is 11175: 11163: 11151: 11116: 11115: 11104: 11065:(Mars orbit insertion: Feb 2021) 10977: 10704: 10487: 10481: 10475: 10424: 8030:Three Books of Occult Philosophy 6907:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03331.x 6381:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.02070.x 6313:Qiu, H. M.; et al. (2001). 4068:Allen, Richard Hinckley (1963). 3956:Kinman, T.; et al. (2002). 3009:or a ±2.8% luminosity variation. 2816: 2551:, and as an eagle or vulture in 2326:Infrared Optical Telescope Array 2270:around Vega, rather than from a 1695:As Vega had long been used as a 1559:with a period of 0.68 day. 999:Vega can often be seen near the 966:International Astronomical Union 146: 120: 66: 59: 6303:—Entry for HD 172167 on p. 144. 5835:. University of Chicago Press. 5666:. John Wiley and Sons. p. 5456:Topka, K.; et al. (1979). 4842:. American Institute of Physics 3049:{\displaystyle 10^{-0.5}=0.316} 2882:Allen's Astrophysical Qualities 2209: 1383:Infrared Astronomical Satellite 1369:Vega became the first solitary 889: 11263:Henry Draper Catalogue objects 11223:Hypothetical planetary systems 10950:(rapidly-rotating brown dwarf) 7621:Olcott, William Tyler (1911). 7283:. Royal Observatory, Edinburgh 6616:{\displaystyle \mu _{\delta }} 6589:{\displaystyle \mu _{\alpha }} 6148:Adelman, Saul J. (July 2004). 5748:. Cambridge University Press. 5234:"Notes on Vega and magnitudes" 5103:. Cambridge University Press. 4977:. Springer. pp. 119–121. 4632:Burnham, Robert J. R. (1978). 4076:. Courier Dover Publications. 3500:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 3450: 3365: 3337: 3319: 2934:is the star's luminosity, and 2683:the First Star of Weaving Girl 2520:Stars in astrology § Vega 2431:Plateau de Bure Interferometer 2324:at Mt. Wilson in 2006 and the 2310:Palomar Testbed Interferometer 1912:, for a net space velocity of 983: 854:Based on observations of more 651:Alpha Lyrae, α Lyrae 13: 1: 11243:Bright Star Catalogue objects 8271: 7600:. Adamant Media Corporation. 7084:. CNRS International Magazine 6801:Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 6397:Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 5410:Butkovskaya, Varvara (2011). 5099:Garfinkle, Robert A. (1997). 4732:– based on computations from 4508:The new encyclopedia of Islam 3444: 3061:Matteucci, Francesca (2001). 2354:James Clerk Maxwell Telescope 2308:Observations, first with the 1845:—the celestial equivalent of 1797: 782:northern celestial hemisphere 347:130.23 ± 0.36 11131:Category:2022 in outer space 11126:Category:2021 in outer space 11121:Category:2020 in outer space 7881:Kippax, John Robert (1919). 7357:Astronomy & Astrophysics 6716:Astronomy & Astrophysics 6696:An Introduction to Astronomy 6693:Moulton, Forest Ray (1906). 6430:Majewski, Steven R. (2006). 6074:Astronomy & Astrophysics 5995:Astronomy & Astrophysics 5341:. Commission 27 of the I.A.U 5339:"On the Variability of Vega" 5263:"On the variability of Vega" 4949:A Short History of Astronomy 4120:"V* alf Lyr – Variable Star" 2880:Cox, Arthur N., ed. (1999). 2148:(IRAS) was the discovery of 2146:Infrared Astronomy Satellite 2032: 2027: 2022: 2009: 1996: 1991: 1984: 1201:took a photograph of Vega's 870:, which is analogous to the 829:elements heavier than helium 7: 7555:Knobel, E. B. (June 1895). 7493:10.1051/0004-6361/201014574 7387:10.1051/0004-6361/201116796 7006:10.1051/0004-6361/201117017 6746:10.1051/0004-6361/201425221 6104:10.1051/0004-6361/201425425 6025:10.1051/0004-6361/200911996 5827:Clayton, Donald D. (1983). 5744:Padmanabhan, Thanu (2002). 5200:Walsh, J. (March 6, 2002). 5006:Anonymous (June 28, 2007). 4865:. Oxford University Press. 4580:"IAU Catalog of Star Names" 4185:application version 0.10.2" 4038:10.1051/0004-6361/202143000 3815:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/452 3117:Cartesian coordinate system 2795:counted Vega as one of the 2689:, there is a love story of 2677: 2642: 1562: 1527:Observatoire du Pic du Midi 1195:Harvard College Observatory 1126:, with Vega located at its 1077:precession of the equinoxes 970:Working Group on Star Names 951: 935: 10: 11289: 11203:A-type main-sequence stars 10466:James Webb Space Telescope 7701:10.1177/002182868601700202 7463:Astronomy and Astrophysics 7440:10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/82 7059:10.1051/0004-6361:20054522 7029:Astronomy and Astrophysics 6976:Astronomy and Astrophysics 6658:Astronomy and Astrophysics 6125:Staff (January 10, 2006). 5899:Astronomy and Astrophysics 5644:10.1088/0004-637X/708/1/71 5056:Perryman, Michael (2010). 5031:Astronomy and Astrophysics 4753:Upgren, Arthur R. (1998). 4604:Pasachoff, Jay M. (2000). 4008:Astronomy and Astrophysics 3987:10.1051/0004-6361:20020806 3966:Astronomy and Astrophysics 3873:10.1088/2041-8205/761/1/L3 3582:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 3552:Astronomy and Astrophysics 3089:Galactic coordinate system 2729:Chinese lunisolar calendar 2592:people, Vega was known as 2513: 1980:The Vega planetary system 1878:galactic coordinate system 1231:Friedrich G. W. von Struve 1007:during the evening in the 77:Location of Vega (circled) 29: 11099: 11050: 11032:(Bernardinelli-Bernstein) 10975: 10873: 10700: 10525:Asteroid close approaches 10514: 10496: 10473: 10418: 10396: 10338: 10200: 10191: 10173: 10145: 10110: 9907: 9898: 9886:WISEP J190648.47+401106.8 9828: 9560: 9527: 9299: 9101: 9073: 8972: 8963: 8955:Lyra in Chinese astronomy 8945: 8884: 8855: 8839: 8823: 8807: 8783: 8762: 8753: 8733: 8717: 8708: 8688: 8672: 8663: 8643: 8627: 8618: 8593: 8577: 8568: 8548: 8532: 8523: 8503: 8487: 8478: 8468: 8404: 8338: 8331: 8311: 8295: 8288: 8279: 7902:. New York: E. J. Brill. 7410:The Astrophysical Journal 7304:The Astrophysical Journal 7228:The Astrophysical Journal 7175:The Astrophysical Journal 6923:The Astrophysical Journal 6319:The Astrophysical Journal 6234:The Astrophysical Journal 6175:10.1017/S1743921304004314 5623:The Astrophysical Journal 5416:Astronomische Nachrichten 5239:. University of Cambridge 5076:10.1007/978-3-642-11602-5 4983:10.1017/S007418090013949X 4861:Hentschel, Klaus (2002). 4330:The Astrophysical Journal 4212:. JHU Press. p. 88. 4147:The Astrophysical Journal 3843:The Astrophysical Journal 3788:Gatewood, George (2008). 3465:Oxford English Dictionary 3387:Hughes, David W. (2006). 2952:variation of ±0.03 gives 2719: 2701: 2695: 2682: 2671: 2636: 2104: 1975:Possible planetary system 1379:White Sands Missile Range 978:IAU Catalog of Star Names 693: 649:Wega, Lucida Lyrae, 647: 640: 636: 401: 396: 392: 278: 271: 210: 82: 53: 11042:P/2021 U3 (Attard-Maury) 10993:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard) 8128:"Launch vehicles – Vega" 7780:Smith, S. Percy (1919). 7146:Staff (April 21, 1998). 5806:"The Boltzmann Equation" 5746:Theoretical Astrophysics 4483:10.3847/1538-3881/abdec8 4452:The Astronomical Journal 4386:The Astronomical Journal 3794:The Astronomical Journal 3677:The Astronomical Journal 3609:The Astronomical Journal 3216:Bruce, Peter C. (2015). 2865: 2757:people of north-western 2709:) and his two children ( 2435:Herschel Space Telescope 2274:as was earlier thought. 1579:like those two planets. 1534:chemically peculiar star 1487:principal quantum number 1389:Physical characteristics 1360:David Dunlap Observatory 1326:electromagnetic spectrum 839:rapidly with a speed of 33:Star Vega (psychologist) 11092:Mars landing: May 2021) 11077:Mars landing: Feb 2021) 8149:Rumerman, Judy (2003). 8130:. European Space Agency 8032:. Llewellyn Worldwide. 7596:Massey, Gerald (2001). 7485:2010A&A...518L.130S 7379:2011A&A...531L...2P 7051:2006A&A...452..237A 6998:2011A&A...534A...5D 6738:2015A&A...575A..35B 6680:1998A&A...339..831B 6636:{\displaystyle \delta } 6203:10.1126/science.1145599 6096:2015A&A...577A..64B 6046:Staff (July 26, 2009). 6017:2009A&A...500L..41L 5911:1997A&A...318..215S 5316:1995ARA&A..33...75G 5124:Cochran, A. L. (1981). 5043:1997A&A...323L..49P 4728:1998S&T....95d..59T 4030:2022A&A...666A..20P 3978:2002A&A...391.1039K 3958:"The determination of T 3574:2007A&A...474..653V 3470:Oxford University Press 2216:Spitzer Space Telescope 2180:Poynting–Robertson drag 920:. The traditional name 378:Absolute magnitude 217:Evolutionary stage 200:Apparent magnitude 11248:Durchmusterung objects 11111:Outer space portal 10435:Tiangong space station 8126:Staff (May 20, 2005). 8103:. SEDS. Archived from 8055:De Occulta Philosophia 7887:. G. P. Putnam's Sons. 7627:. G.P. Putnam's sons. 7582:10.1093/mnras/55.8.429 6866:10.1093/mnras/97.6.423 6637: 6617: 6590: 6561: 5883:10.1093/mnras/197.1.57 5856:Michelson, E. (1981). 5437:10.1002/asna.201111587 5261:Fernie, J. D. (1981). 5202:"Alpha Lyrae (HR7001)" 4946:Berry, Arthur (1899). 4505:Glassé, Cyril (2008). 3435:Arabic-English Lexicon 3378: 3298: 3206: 3050: 2858:launch system and the 2761:, Australia, named it 2537:Al Achsasi al Mouakket 2535:which appeared in the 2395: 2385:mean-motion resonances 2370:Joint Astronomy Centre 2352:Observations from the 2286: 2136: 1965:100 million years 1610: 1469:, the flux density is 1441:process that combines 1282:UBV photometric system 1163: 1143: 1067: 1059: 996: 899: 817:UBV photometric system 11258:Gliese and GJ objects 11208:Delta Scuti variables 10956:(massive white dwarf) 10123:HD 173416 b (Wangshu) 8950:List of stars in Lyra 8939:Constellation of Lyra 8897:Polarissima Australis 8208:on September 23, 2009 6767:Inglis, Mike (2003). 6638: 6618: 6591: 6562: 5960:Astrophysical Journal 5771:Astrophysical Journal 5693:Astrophysical Journal 5462:Astrophysical Journal 5208:. ESO. Archived from 5167:Astrophysical Journal 3902:Astrophysical Journal 3379: 3299: 3207: 3051: 2393: 2280: 2222:) at a wavelength of 2126: 1682:radiative equilibrium 1662:effective temperature 1617:velocity for Vega is 1608: 1557:rotational modulation 1456:radiative equilibrium 1423:bolometric luminosity 1177:took an image of the 1149: 1141: 1134:Observational history 1065: 1057: 991: 897: 40:Vega (disambiguation) 10807:circumplanetary disk 10799:OGLE-2019-BLG-0960Lb 10506:Winchcombe meteorite 8892:Polarissima Borealis 7898:Boyce, Mary (1996). 7154:on December 16, 2008 6627: 6600: 6573: 6454: 4932:Studies in astronomy 4663:The New Solar System 4181:"Calculation by the 3313: 3253: 3129: 3024: 2928:bolometric magnitude 2699:) in which Niulang ( 2665:. Consequently, the 2657:consisting of Vega, 2613:Babylonian astronomy 2452:plane of this star. 2402:-mass planet having 2150:excess infrared flux 1988:(in order from star) 1364:Delta Scuti variable 1227:Giuseppe Calandrelli 1094:This star lies at a 1047:when it crosses the 1003:in the mid-northern 774:fifth-brightest star 38:For other uses, see 11273:Northern pole stars 11228:Castor Moving Group 11218:Circumstellar disks 11213:Lambda Boötis stars 10988:C/2021 A1 (Leonard) 10889:(elliptical galaxy) 10118:HAT-P-5b (Kráľomoc) 8157:on October 18, 2007 8107:on October 24, 2007 8101:"Vega, Alpha Lyrae" 8099:Frommert, Hartmut. 7990:1857PPIVT...2..137S 7947:2010JAHH...13..220H 7751:1987NYASA.500...89G 7693:1986JHA....17...89K 7633:1911slaa.book.....O 7573:1895MNRAS..55..429K 7532:1985PASP...97..180C 7432:2012ApJ...750...82H 7326:2006ApJ...652.1729I 7250:2003ApJ...598.1321W 7197:2002ApJ...569L.115W 7117:1998Natur.392..788H 6945:2001ApJ...559.1147C 6898:2000MNRAS.314..702D 6857:1937MNRAS..97..423R 6813:1984ApJ...285..808H 6643:is the Declination. 6438:on January 25, 2012 6409:1990ApJ...348..712A 6372:1998MNRAS.301.1099M 6331:2001ApJ...548..953Q 6299:1990BICDS..38..137R 6256:2006ApJ...644.1292A 6166:2004IAUS..224....1A 5972:1977ApJ...213..874M 5945:1980SAOSR.389..195V 5874:1981MNRAS.197...57M 5804:Richmond, Michael. 5783:1970ApJ...161.1015O 5715:2004ApJ...601..512B 5635:2010ApJ...708...71Y 5576:0.2 < Y < 0.3 5554:1979ApJS...40..733M 5511:1984Natur.307..441H 5474:1979ApJ...229..661T 5428:2011AN....332..956B 5397:2007ASPC..364..305G 5370:1985IAUS..111..225H 5279:1981PASP...93..333F 5212:on February 9, 2007 5179:1953ApJ...117..313J 5142:1981ApJS...45...83C 5068:2010mhgs.book.....P 4929:Gore, J.E. (1904). 4904:1993AAS...183.1710G 4804:1890PASP....2..249H 4763:1998nhte.book.....U 4474:2021AJ....161..157H 4408:2002AJ....124..514S 4352:2005ApJ...628..487S 4290:10.1038/nature04661 4282:2006Natur.440..896P 4159:1994ApJ...429L..81G 3924:2006ApJ...645..664A 3865:2012ApJ...761L...3M 3806:2008AJ....136..452G 3775:1967IAUS...30...57E 3745:2002yCat.2237....0D 3699:2003AJ....126.2048G 3661:2009yCat....102025S 3621:2004AJ....127.3508B 3468:(Online ed.). 3405:2006JAHH....9..173H 3091:are: U = 2588:Among the northern 2442:terrestrial planets 2272:protoplanetary disk 1981: 1933:Castor Moving Group 1773:interstellar medium 1448:proton–proton chain 1175:John William Draper 1098:of a widely spaced 1013:Southern Hemisphere 1009:Northern Hemisphere 694:Database references 586:Rotational velocity 50: 11037:C/2021 T4 (Lemmon) 10771:Lambda Serpentis b 10422:telescope launches 6633: 6613: 6586: 6557: 6555: 6554: 5933:SAO Special Report 4840:Tools of Cosmology 3503:. Merriam-Webster. 3374: 3294: 3202: 3121:Euclidean distance 3046: 2799:and related it to 2396: 2332:of the star, this 2287: 2175:astronomical units 2165:10 arcseconds 2137: 1979: 1841:(mas) per year in 1761:Lambda Boötis star 1686:Von Zeipel theorem 1611: 1519:spectropolarimetry 1399:main-sequence star 1371:main-sequence star 1263:apparent magnitude 1214:. Since 1943, the 1191:John Adams Whipple 1164: 1144: 1142:Astrophoto of Vega 1089:the brightest star 1068: 1060: 997: 968:(IAU) organized a 900: 860:circumstellar disk 770:Sun's neighborhood 642:Other designations 544:(equatorial) 367:(7.68 ± 0.02 362:25.04 ± 0.07 327: 286.23 315: 200.94 261:Variable type 229:Spectral type 48: 11268:Hipparcos objects 11253:Flamsteed objects 11139: 11138: 10943:astrophysical jet 10715:Alpha Centauri Ab 10358: 10357: 10354: 10353: 10141: 10140: 9894: 9893: 8905: 8904: 8880: 8879: 8876: 8875: 8803: 8802: 8799: 8798: 8749: 8748: 8704: 8703: 8659: 8658: 8614: 8613: 8564: 8563: 8519: 8518: 8464: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8327: 8326: 8319:Polaris Australis 8187:. The Sol Company 8064:978-90-04-09421-5 8039:978-0-87542-832-1 7909:978-90-04-08847-4 7867:978-7-5085-0836-8 7858:Chinese Festivals 7816:978-986-7332-25-7 7642:978-0-7873-1096-7 7607:978-1-60206-086-9 7111:(6678): 788–791. 7082:"Vega's Stardust" 6778:978-1-85233-465-9 6550: 6546: 6540: 6534: 6530: 6432:"Stellar Motions" 6197:(5836): 325–326. 6160:(IAUS224): 1–11. 5842:978-0-226-10953-4 5755:978-0-521-56241-6 5677:978-0-470-09220-0 5505:(5950): 441–442. 5422:(9–10): 956–960. 5110:978-0-521-59889-7 5085:978-3-642-11601-8 4992:978-90-277-2810-4 4959:978-0-486-20210-5 4872:978-0-19-850953-0 4772:978-0-306-45790-6 4716:Sky and Telescope 4697:978-0-7503-0917-2 4672:978-0-521-64587-4 4647:978-0-486-23568-4 4615:978-0-395-93431-9 4518:978-0-7425-6296-7 4266:(7086): 896–899. 4219:978-0-8018-6458-2 4083:978-0-486-21079-7 3525:978-1-931559-44-7 3476:(Subscription or 3345: 3324: 3318: 3197: 3193: 3183: 3139: 2974:= 0.03 = 2.5 log 2891:978-0-387-98746-0 2809:Cornelius Agrippa 2775:Srimad Bhagavatam 2687:Chinese mythology 2372:in Hawaii and at 2256:mass of the Earth 2121: 2120: 2045: 2020: 2007: 1989: 1871:11,000 years 1867:327.78 mas/y 1792:radiative process 1703:Element abundance 1677:gravity darkening 1596:radius of the Sun 1259:logarithmic scale 1162:of a star (Vega)" 918:Bayer designation 880:ultra-hot Neptune 831:. Vega is also a 731:Bayer designation 717:is the brightest 712: 711: 16:(Redirected from 11280: 11180: 11179: 11178: 11168: 11167: 11156: 11155: 11154: 11147: 11119: 11118: 11109: 11108: 11107: 11031: 11020: 11006: 11004: 11003: 10999:(248370) 2005 QN 10981: 10948:2MASS J0348−6022 10929: 10927: 10926: 10916: 10914: 10913: 10883:(distant quasar) 10861: 10719: 10708: 10688: 10686: 10685: 10681:(163899) 2003 SD 10671: 10669: 10668: 10649: 10647: 10646: 10637: 10635: 10634: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10608: 10606: 10605: 10596: 10594: 10593: 10584: 10582: 10581: 10577:(231937) 2001 FO 10567: 10565: 10564: 10555: 10553: 10552: 10538: 10536: 10535: 10491: 10485: 10479: 10428: 10385: 10378: 10371: 10362: 10361: 10198: 10197: 9905: 9904: 9851:HAT-P-5 (Chasoň) 8970: 8969: 8932: 8925: 8918: 8909: 8908: 8821: 8820: 8812: 8811: 8760: 8759: 8715: 8714: 8670: 8669: 8625: 8624: 8575: 8574: 8530: 8529: 8485: 8484: 8476: 8475: 8336: 8335: 8293: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8266: 8259: 8252: 8243: 8242: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8123: 8117: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8096: 8090: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8075: 8069: 8068: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8025: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8000: 7994: 7993: 7973: 7967: 7966: 7940: 7920: 7914: 7913: 7895: 7889: 7888: 7878: 7872: 7871: 7853: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7827: 7821: 7820: 7809:. 五南圖書出版股份有限公司. 7800: 7794: 7793: 7777: 7771: 7770: 7734: 7728: 7727: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7676: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7658:"Lyra: The Lyre" 7653: 7647: 7646: 7618: 7612: 7611: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7478: 7458: 7452: 7451: 7425: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7372: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7319: 7317:astro-ph/0608362 7310:(2): 1729–1733. 7299: 7293: 7292: 7290: 7288: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7243: 7241:astro-ph/0308253 7234:(2): 1321–1340. 7223: 7217: 7216: 7190: 7188:astro-ph/0203264 7181:(2): L115–L119. 7170: 7164: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7089: 7077: 7071: 7070: 7044: 7042:astro-ph/0604260 7024: 7018: 7017: 6991: 6971: 6965: 6964: 6938: 6936:astro-ph/0105561 6918: 6912: 6911: 6909: 6877: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6837:Robertson, H. P. 6833: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6792: 6783: 6782: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6731: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6673: 6671:astro-ph/9905243 6653: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6639: 6634: 6622: 6620: 6619: 6614: 6612: 6611: 6595: 6593: 6592: 6587: 6585: 6584: 6566: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6556: 6551: 6548: 6544: 6538: 6532: 6531: 6523: 6522: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6503: 6502: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6481: 6480: 6469: 6447: 6445: 6443: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6392: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6366:(4): 1099–1103. 6351: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6310: 6304: 6302: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6249: 6247:astro-ph/0603001 6240:(2): 1292–1298. 6229: 6223: 6222: 6186: 6180: 6179: 6177: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6089: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6043: 6037: 6036: 6010: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5955: 5949: 5948: 5939:(389): 195–215. 5924: 5915: 5914: 5894: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5853: 5847: 5846: 5834: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5766: 5760: 5759: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5708: 5706:astro-ph/0310003 5688: 5682: 5681: 5665: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5614: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5585: 5577: 5573: 5565: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5519:10.1038/307441a0 5494: 5488: 5487: 5485: 5453: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5407: 5401: 5400: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5357: 5351: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5258: 5249: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5238: 5229: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5162: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5053: 5047: 5046: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4970: 4964: 4963: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4910:on June 25, 2019 4906:. Archived from 4883: 4877: 4876: 4858: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4815: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4750: 4744: 4731: 4711: 4702: 4701: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4639: 4629: 4620: 4619: 4601: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4576: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4559: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4485: 4467: 4443: 4428: 4427: 4401: 4399:astro-ph/0204255 4381: 4372: 4371: 4345: 4343:astro-ph/0504086 4321: 4310: 4309: 4275: 4273:astro-ph/0603520 4255: 4246: 4245: 4233: 4224: 4223: 4205: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4191: 4177: 4171: 4170: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4101:Kendall, E. Otis 4097: 4088: 4087: 4075: 4065: 4050: 4049: 4023: 4003: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3972:(3): 1039–1052. 3953: 3944: 3943: 3917: 3915:astro-ph/0603327 3897: 3884: 3883: 3858: 3837: 3820: 3819: 3817: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3758: 3749: 3748: 3728: 3719: 3718: 3692: 3690:astro-ph/0308182 3671: 3665: 3664: 3644: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3615:(6): 3508–3515. 3600: 3594: 3593: 3567: 3547: 3530: 3529: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3491: 3482: 3481: 3473: 3461: 3454: 3438: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3358: 3357: 3343: 3322: 3316: 3308: 3303: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3271: 3270: 3245: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3195: 3191: 3184: 3182: 3181: 3169: 3168: 3156: 3155: 3146: 3141: 3140: 3137: 3114: 3112: 3107:, W = 3106: 3104: 3099:, V = 3098: 3096: 3085: 3079: 3078: 3055: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3039: 3038: 3016: 3010: 2943:solar luminosity 2895: 2876: 2820: 2722: 2721: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2684: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2562:Alfonsine tables 2505: 2503: 2497: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2478: 2476: 2470: 2468: 2426:Subaru Telescope 2412: 2359: 2348:Possible planets 2334:exozodiacal dust 2331: 2318:Gerard van Belle 2300: 2296: 2294: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2197: 2192: 2188: 2177: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2130: 2127:A mid-infrared ( 2089: 2087: 2080: 2078: 2071: 2069: 2054: 2052: 2043: 2014: 2001: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1970: 1966: 1964: 1953:space velocities 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1909: 1907: 1901: 1899: 1893: 1891: 1872: 1868: 1856: 1854: 1840: 1835: 1821: 1819: 1814:give a value of 1785: 1783: 1731: 1729: 1674: 1670: 1652: 1650: 1641: 1639: 1624: 1622: 1593: 1591: 1543: 1541: 1475:absorption lines 1472: 1468: 1428:Delta Scuti type 1353: 1346: 1338: 1323: 1313: 1239:Friedrich Bessel 1236: 1225:orbits the Sun. 1167:Astrophotography 1081:celestial sphere 1041:circumpolar star 954: 952:an-nasr al-wāqi' 938: 916:) is the star's 842: 754:relatively close 744:and abbreviated 721:in the northern 663: 628: 627: 626: 606: 604: 579: 543: 541: 535: 533: 513: 484: 482: 457: 455: 449: 447: 422: 421: 420: 326: 314: 298: 211:Characteristics 203: 183: 178: 169: 168: 165: 164: 161: 158: 155: 152: 143: 142: 139: 138: 135: 132: 129: 126: 83:Observation data 70: 63: 51: 47: 43: 36: 21: 11288: 11287: 11283: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11278: 11277: 11188: 11187: 11186: 11176: 11174: 11162: 11152: 11150: 11142: 11140: 11135: 11105: 11103: 11095: 11052: 11046: 11030: 11026: 11019: 11015: 11001: 11000: 10997: 10971: 10936:(spiral galaxy) 10924: 10923: 10920: 10911: 10910: 10907: 10895:sextuple system 10869: 10859: 10812:TIC 172900988 b 10766:Lalande 21185 c 10717: 10696: 10683: 10682: 10679: 10666: 10665: 10662: 10644: 10643: 10640: 10632: 10631: 10628: 10615: 10614: 10611: 10603: 10602: 10599: 10591: 10590: 10587: 10579: 10578: 10575: 10562: 10561: 10558: 10550: 10549: 10546: 10533: 10532: 10529: 10510: 10492: 10486: 10480: 10471: 10421: 10420:Space probe and 10414: 10411: 10405: 10392: 10389: 10359: 10350: 10334: 10187: 10169: 10155:δ Lyrae cluster 10137: 10106: 9890: 9846:GSC 02652-01324 9824: 9556: 9523: 9295: 9097: 9069: 8959: 8941: 8936: 8906: 8901: 8872: 8856:Past and future 8851: 8835: 8795: 8779: 8745: 8729: 8700: 8684: 8655: 8639: 8610: 8589: 8560: 8544: 8515: 8499: 8456: 8417:γ Chamaeleontis 8400: 8332:Past and future 8323: 8307: 8275: 8270: 8232: 8230: 8229:on May 18, 2007 8211: 8209: 8190: 8188: 8175: 8170: 8160: 8158: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8131: 8124: 8120: 8110: 8108: 8097: 8093: 8083: 8081: 8077: 8076: 8072: 8065: 8051: 8047: 8040: 8026: 8022: 8012: 8010: 8002: 8001: 7997: 7974: 7970: 7921: 7917: 7910: 7896: 7892: 7879: 7875: 7868: 7854: 7850: 7840: 7838: 7837:on May 21, 2011 7829: 7828: 7824: 7817: 7801: 7797: 7778: 7774: 7735: 7731: 7720: 7716: 7677: 7673: 7663: 7661: 7654: 7650: 7643: 7619: 7615: 7608: 7594: 7590: 7553: 7549: 7512: 7508: 7459: 7455: 7406: 7402: 7353: 7349: 7300: 7296: 7286: 7284: 7277: 7273: 7224: 7220: 7171: 7167: 7157: 7155: 7144: 7140: 7101: 7097: 7087: 7085: 7078: 7074: 7025: 7021: 6972: 6968: 6919: 6915: 6878: 6874: 6834: 6830: 6793: 6786: 6779: 6765: 6761: 6712: 6708: 6691: 6687: 6654: 6647: 6628: 6625: 6624: 6607: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6580: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6553: 6552: 6547: 6518: 6514: 6505: 6498: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6483: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6470: 6468: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6451: 6441: 6439: 6428: 6424: 6393: 6389: 6352: 6348: 6311: 6307: 6283: 6279: 6230: 6226: 6187: 6183: 6146: 6142: 6132: 6130: 6123: 6119: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6044: 6040: 5991: 5987: 5956: 5952: 5925: 5918: 5895: 5891: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5802: 5798: 5767: 5763: 5756: 5742: 5738: 5689: 5685: 5678: 5656: 5652: 5615: 5598: 5589: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5567: 5538: 5534: 5495: 5491: 5454: 5445: 5408: 5404: 5381: 5377: 5358: 5354: 5344: 5342: 5335: 5331: 5300: 5296: 5259: 5252: 5242: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5226: 5215: 5213: 5198: 5194: 5163: 5159: 5122: 5118: 5111: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5054: 5050: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5004: 5000: 4993: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4944: 4940: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4884: 4880: 4873: 4859: 4855: 4845: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4798:(10): 249–250. 4784: 4780: 4773: 4757:. Basic Books. 4751: 4747: 4740:is uncertain.) 4712: 4705: 4698: 4684: 4680: 4673: 4659: 4655: 4648: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4602: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4578: 4577: 4573: 4563: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4503: 4499: 4444: 4431: 4382: 4375: 4322: 4313: 4256: 4249: 4234: 4227: 4220: 4206: 4199: 4189: 4187: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4143: 4139: 4128: 4126: 4116: 4112: 4098: 4091: 4084: 4066: 4053: 4004: 3995: 3961: 3954: 3947: 3898: 3887: 3838: 3823: 3786: 3782: 3759: 3752: 3729: 3722: 3672: 3668: 3645: 3638: 3601: 3597: 3548: 3533: 3526: 3512: 3508: 3493: 3492: 3485: 3475: 3455: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3441: 3432: 3428: 3384: 3353: 3349: 3314: 3311: 3310: 3306: 3288: 3284: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3230: 3194: 3177: 3173: 3164: 3160: 3151: 3147: 3145: 3136: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3110: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3094: 3092: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3031: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3005: 2998: 2987: 2980: 2973: 2972: 2963: 2962: 2951: 2940: 2937: 2925: 2915: 2912: 2904: 2892: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2753:The indigenous 2653:, refers to an 2530:Al Nesr al Waki 2522: 2516:Summer Triangle 2512: 2501: 2499: 2493: 2491: 2485: 2483: 2482: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2466: 2464: 2459:constellation. 2407: 2357: 2350: 2329: 2303:mass of Jupiter 2298: 2292: 2290: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2212: 2195: 2190: 2186: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2157: 2142: 2140:Infrared excess 2131:) image of the 2128: 2085: 2083: 2076: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2061: 2050: 2048: 2013: 2000: 1986: 1977: 1968: 1962: 1960: 1921: 1918:−13.9 km/s 1917: 1913: 1905: 1903: 1897: 1895: 1889: 1887: 1885: 1870: 1866: 1855:0.54 mas/y 1852: 1850: 1843:right ascension 1838:milliarcseconds 1833: 1831: 1817: 1815: 1804:radial velocity 1800: 1788:convection zone 1781: 1779: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1705: 1672: 1665: 1658:surface gravity 1648: 1646: 1637: 1635: 1620: 1618: 1589: 1587: 1565: 1539: 1537: 1470: 1466: 1452:convection zone 1391: 1348: 1344: 1333: 1315: 1305: 1234: 1207:William Huggins 1158:made the first 1136: 1104:Summer Triangle 1015:winter. With a 994:Summer Triangle 986: 963: 947: 892: 884:radial velocity 840: 752:. This star is 689: 658: 624: 622: 621: 619: 602: 600: 592: sin 574: 539: 537: 531: 529: 511: 500:Surface gravity 492: 489: 480: 478: 465: 462: 453: 451: 445: 443: 430: 427: 418: 416: 415: 413: 383: 366: 323: 296: 290: 285:Radial velocity 198: 181: 176:Right ascension 174: 149: 145: 123: 119: 84: 78: 76: 75: 74: 73: 72: 71: 44: 37: 30: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11286: 11276: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11210: 11205: 11200: 11185: 11184: 11172: 11160: 11137: 11136: 11134: 11133: 11113: 11100: 11097: 11096: 11094: 11093: 11078: 11066: 11056: 11054: 11048: 11047: 11045: 11044: 11039: 11034: 11028: 11023: 11017: 11012: 11007: 10995: 10990: 10984: 10982: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10969: 10968:(radio source) 10963: 10960:WISE 1534–1043 10957: 10954:ZTF J1901+1458 10951: 10945: 10937: 10931: 10918: 10905: 10896: 10890: 10884: 10881:QSO J0313−1806 10877: 10875: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10867: 10862: 10854: 10853: 10852: 10849: 10841: 10840: 10839: 10836: 10833: 10830: 10827: 10822: 10814: 10809: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10786: 10785: 10784: 10781: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10762: 10761: 10758: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10711: 10709: 10698: 10697: 10695: 10694: 10689: 10677: 10672: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10638: 10626: 10621: 10609: 10597: 10585: 10573: 10568: 10556: 10544: 10539: 10527: 10521: 10519: 10512: 10511: 10509: 10508: 10502: 10500: 10494: 10493: 10474: 10472: 10470: 10469: 10463: 10451: 10443: 10431: 10429: 10416: 10415: 10413: 10412: 10406: 10400: 10397: 10394: 10393: 10388: 10387: 10380: 10373: 10365: 10356: 10355: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10348: 10342: 10340: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10206: 10204: 10195: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10185: 10179: 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10151: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10139: 10138: 10136: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10114: 10112: 10108: 10107: 10105: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10009: 10004: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9984: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9913: 9911: 9902: 9896: 9895: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9888: 9883: 9881:WISE 1828+2650 9878: 9873: 9868: 9866:LSR J1835+3259 9863: 9858: 9853: 9848: 9843: 9838: 9832: 9830: 9826: 9825: 9823: 9822: 9817: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9712: 9707: 9702: 9697: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9566: 9564: 9558: 9557: 9555: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9533: 9531: 9525: 9524: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9305: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9118: 9113: 9107: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9096: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9079: 9077: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9029: 9024: 9019: 9014: 9009: 9004: 8999: 8994: 8989: 8984: 8978: 8976: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8952: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8935: 8934: 8927: 8920: 8912: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8894: 8888: 8886: 8882: 8881: 8878: 8877: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8870: 8865: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8843: 8841: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8833: 8827: 8825: 8818: 8809: 8805: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8793: 8787: 8785: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8777: 8772: 8766: 8764: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8743: 8737: 8735: 8731: 8730: 8728: 8727: 8721: 8719: 8712: 8706: 8705: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8692: 8690: 8686: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8676: 8674: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8657: 8656: 8654: 8653: 8647: 8645: 8641: 8640: 8638: 8637: 8631: 8629: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8608: 8603: 8597: 8595: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8587: 8581: 8579: 8572: 8566: 8565: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8558: 8552: 8550: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8542: 8536: 8534: 8527: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8507: 8505: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8497: 8491: 8489: 8482: 8473: 8466: 8465: 8462: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8342: 8340: 8333: 8329: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8322: 8321: 8315: 8313: 8309: 8308: 8306: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8290: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8269: 8268: 8261: 8254: 8246: 8240: 8239: 8218: 8197: 8174: 8173:External links 8171: 8169: 8168: 8141: 8118: 8091: 8070: 8063: 8045: 8038: 8020: 7995: 7968: 7915: 7908: 7890: 7873: 7866: 7848: 7822: 7815: 7795: 7772: 7729: 7714: 7671: 7648: 7641: 7613: 7606: 7588: 7567:(8): 429–438. 7547: 7541:10.1086/131516 7506: 7453: 7400: 7347: 7334:10.1086/508420 7294: 7271: 7258:10.1086/379064 7218: 7205:10.1086/340691 7165: 7138: 7095: 7072: 7035:(1): 237–244. 7019: 6966: 6953:10.1086/322345 6929:(1): 237–244. 6913: 6892:(4): 702–712. 6872: 6851:(6): 423–438. 6839:(April 1937). 6828: 6822:10.1086/162559 6784: 6777: 6759: 6706: 6685: 6645: 6632: 6610: 6606: 6583: 6579: 6568: 6567: 6543: 6537: 6529: 6526: 6521: 6517: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6497: 6491: 6486: 6479: 6475: 6467: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6422: 6417:10.1086/168279 6387: 6346: 6340:10.1086/319000 6305: 6277: 6264:10.1086/503707 6224: 6181: 6140: 6117: 6064: 6038: 6001:(3): L41–L44. 5985: 5980:10.1086/155220 5950: 5916: 5889: 5848: 5841: 5819: 5796: 5791:10.1086/150603 5761: 5754: 5736: 5723:10.1086/380198 5699:(1): 512–529. 5683: 5676: 5650: 5596: 5562:10.1086/190603 5532: 5489: 5483:10.1086/157000 5443: 5402: 5375: 5352: 5329: 5294: 5288:10.1086/130834 5273:(2): 333–337. 5250: 5224: 5192: 5187:10.1086/145697 5157: 5151:10.1086/190708 5116: 5109: 5091: 5084: 5048: 5021: 4998: 4991: 4965: 4958: 4938: 4921: 4878: 4871: 4853: 4827: 4813:10.1086/120156 4778: 4771: 4745: 4703: 4696: 4678: 4671: 4653: 4646: 4621: 4614: 4593: 4571: 4546: 4524: 4517: 4497: 4429: 4416:10.1086/341164 4392:(1): 514–518. 4373: 4360:10.1086/430819 4336:(1): 487–500. 4311: 4247: 4225: 4218: 4197: 4172: 4167:10.1086/187418 4153:(2): L81–L84. 4137: 4110: 4089: 4082: 4051: 3993: 3959: 3945: 3932:10.1086/504149 3908:(1): 664–675. 3885: 3821: 3800:(1): 452–460. 3780: 3750: 3720: 3707:10.1086/378365 3666: 3636: 3630:10.1086/420715 3595: 3558:(2): 653–664. 3531: 3524: 3506: 3483: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3426: 3399:(2): 173–179. 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3336: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3321: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3235: 3229:978-1118881330 3228: 3213: 3212: 3201: 3190: 3187: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3135: 3080: 3074:978-0792365525 3073: 3058: 3057: 3045: 3042: 3037: 3034: 3030: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2989: 2988: 2985: 2978: 2970: 2968: 2960: 2958: 2949: 2938: 2935: 2923: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2902: 2890: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2864: 2831:'s 1933 poem " 2797:Behenian stars 2765:, "the flying 2748:Zoroastrianism 2617:ancient Greeks 2594:whetu o te tau 2579:Western Europe 2567:King Alfonso X 2511: 2508: 2498:Earth masses ( 2366:Keck telescope 2349: 2346: 2211: 2208: 2156:of 25, 60 and 2141: 2138: 2119: 2118: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2081: 2072: 2063: 2059: 2046: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2011:Orbital period 2008: 1998:Semimajor axis 1995: 1990: 1976: 1973: 1969:16.5 km/s 1922:12.9 km/s 1882:space velocity 1799: 1796: 1765:spectral class 1721: 1709:atomic numbers 1704: 1701: 1584:interferometer 1564: 1561: 1523:magnetic field 1460:radiation zone 1439:nuclear fusion 1395:spectral class 1390: 1387: 1343:, and is near 1135: 1132: 1124:right triangle 985: 982: 962:النّسر الْواقع 961: 945: 891: 888: 710: 709: 704: 696: 695: 691: 690: 672: 172167, 648: 645: 644: 638: 637: 634: 633: 617: 609: 608: 598: 581: 580: 572: 564: 563: 557: 549: 548: 527: 519: 518: 508: 495: 494: 490: 487: 476: 468: 467: 463: 460: 450:(equatorial), 441: 433: 432: 428: 425: 411: 403: 402: 399: 398: 394: 393: 390: 389: 386: 381: 373: 372: 360: 352: 351: 345: 336: 335: 310: 301: 300: 293: 288: 280: 279: 276: 275: 269: 268: 263: 257: 256: 253: 246: 245: 242: 235: 234: 231: 225: 224: 219: 213: 212: 208: 207: 204: 195: 194: 191: 185: 184: 182:18 36 56.33635 179: 171: 170: 117: 111: 110: 105: 99: 98: 80: 79: 65: 64: 58: 57: 56: 55: 54: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11285: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11238:Bayer objects 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11214: 11211: 11209: 11206: 11204: 11201: 11199: 11196: 11195: 11193: 11183: 11173: 11171: 11166: 11161: 11159: 11149: 11148: 11145: 11132: 11128: 11127: 11122: 11114: 11112: 11102: 11101: 11098: 11091: 11089: 11084: 11083: 11079: 11076: 11075: 11070: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11049: 11043: 11040: 11038: 11035: 11033: 11024: 11022: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11005: 10996: 10994: 10991: 10989: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10974: 10967: 10966:Andy's object 10964: 10962:(brown dwarf) 10961: 10958: 10955: 10952: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10938: 10935: 10932: 10928: 10919: 10915: 10906: 10903: 10900: 10897: 10894: 10893:TIC 168789840 10891: 10888: 10885: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10872: 10866: 10863: 10860:(unconfirmed) 10858: 10855: 10850: 10847: 10846: 10845: 10842: 10837: 10834: 10831: 10828: 10826: 10823: 10820: 10819: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10782: 10779: 10778: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10759: 10756: 10755: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10718:(unconfirmed) 10716: 10713: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10693: 10690: 10687: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10670: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10648: 10639: 10636: 10627: 10625: 10622: 10619: 10610: 10607: 10598: 10595: 10586: 10583: 10574: 10572: 10571:99942 Apophis 10569: 10566: 10557: 10554: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10537: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10522: 10520: 10518: 10513: 10507: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10498:Impact events 10495: 10490: 10484: 10478: 10467: 10464: 10461: 10460: 10455: 10452: 10449: 10448: 10444: 10441: 10440: 10436: 10433: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10423: 10417: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10398: 10395: 10391:2021 in space 10386: 10381: 10379: 10374: 10372: 10367: 10366: 10363: 10347: 10344: 10343: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10313: 10311: 10308: 10306: 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10207: 10205: 10203: 10199: 10196: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10176: 10172: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10147:Star clusters 10144: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10115: 10113: 10109: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10030: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9910: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9897: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9852: 9849: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9827: 9821: 9818: 9816: 9813: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9726: 9723: 9721: 9718: 9716: 9713: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9567: 9565: 9563: 9559: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9534: 9532: 9530: 9526: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9298: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9122: 9119: 9117: 9114: 9112: 9109: 9108: 9106: 9104: 9100: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9072: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9055: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9033: 9030: 9028: 9025: 9023: 9020: 9018: 9015: 9013: 9010: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8993: 8990: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8979: 8977: 8975: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8962: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8944: 8940: 8933: 8928: 8926: 8921: 8919: 8914: 8913: 8910: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8889: 8887: 8883: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8838: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8813: 8810: 8806: 8792: 8789: 8788: 8786: 8782: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8767: 8765: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8752: 8742: 8739: 8738: 8736: 8732: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8707: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8691: 8687: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8662: 8652: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8642: 8636: 8633: 8632: 8630: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8617: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8592: 8586: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8567: 8557: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8547: 8541: 8538: 8537: 8535: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8522: 8512: 8509: 8508: 8506: 8502: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8467: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8334: 8330: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8310: 8304: 8301: 8300: 8298: 8294: 8291: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8267: 8262: 8260: 8255: 8253: 8248: 8247: 8244: 8228: 8224: 8219: 8207: 8203: 8198: 8186: 8182: 8177: 8176: 8156: 8152: 8145: 8129: 8122: 8106: 8102: 8095: 8080: 8074: 8066: 8060: 8056: 8049: 8041: 8035: 8031: 8024: 8009: 8005: 8004:"ŚB 11.16.27" 7999: 7991: 7987: 7983: 7979: 7972: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7931:(3): 220–34. 7930: 7926: 7919: 7911: 7905: 7901: 7894: 7886: 7885: 7877: 7869: 7863: 7859: 7852: 7836: 7832: 7826: 7818: 7812: 7808: 7807: 7799: 7791: 7787: 7783: 7776: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7745:(1): 89–104. 7744: 7740: 7733: 7725: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7702: 7698: 7694: 7690: 7687:(49): 89–98. 7686: 7682: 7675: 7659: 7652: 7644: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7625: 7617: 7609: 7603: 7599: 7592: 7583: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7551: 7542: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7510: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7468: 7464: 7457: 7449: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7404: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7351: 7343: 7339: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7298: 7282: 7275: 7267: 7263: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7222: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7189: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7169: 7153: 7149: 7142: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7125:10.1038/33874 7122: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7083: 7076: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7023: 7015: 7011: 7007: 7003: 6999: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6970: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6917: 6908: 6903: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6876: 6867: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6823: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6791: 6789: 6780: 6774: 6770: 6763: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6721: 6717: 6710: 6702: 6698: 6697: 6689: 6681: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6650: 6630: 6608: 6604: 6581: 6577: 6541: 6535: 6527: 6524: 6519: 6515: 6511: 6506: 6499: 6495: 6489: 6484: 6477: 6473: 6465: 6462: 6450: 6449: 6442:September 27, 6437: 6433: 6426: 6418: 6414: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6391: 6382: 6377: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6357: 6350: 6341: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6325:(2): 77–115. 6324: 6320: 6316: 6309: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6281: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6228: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6200: 6196: 6192: 6185: 6176: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6144: 6128: 6121: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6068: 6053: 6052:Science Daily 6049: 6042: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5989: 5981: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5966:(5): 874–86. 5965: 5961: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5923: 5921: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5893: 5884: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5844: 5838: 5833: 5832: 5823: 5807: 5800: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5777:: 1015–1023. 5776: 5772: 5765: 5757: 5751: 5747: 5740: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5687: 5679: 5673: 5669: 5664: 5663: 5654: 5645: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5592:10 years 5583: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5504: 5500: 5493: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5459: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5406: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5356: 5340: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5310:(1): 75–114. 5309: 5305: 5298: 5289: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5257: 5255: 5235: 5228: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5152: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5120: 5112: 5106: 5102: 5095: 5087: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5061: 5060: 5052: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5025: 5009: 5002: 4994: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4969: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4950: 4942: 4934: 4933: 4925: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4874: 4868: 4864: 4857: 4841: 4837: 4831: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4774: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4749: 4743: 4739: 4738:proper motion 4735: 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4710: 4708: 4699: 4693: 4690:. CRC Press. 4689: 4682: 4674: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4649: 4643: 4638: 4637: 4628: 4626: 4617: 4611: 4607: 4600: 4598: 4581: 4575: 4556: 4550: 4534: 4528: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4501: 4493: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4380: 4378: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4254: 4252: 4243: 4239: 4232: 4230: 4221: 4215: 4211: 4204: 4202: 4186: 4184: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4106: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4085: 4079: 4074: 4073: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4013: 4009: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3952: 3950: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3816: 3811: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3757: 3755: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3727: 3725: 3716: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3643: 3641: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3599: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3553: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3527: 3521: 3517: 3510: 3502: 3501: 3496: 3490: 3488: 3479: 3471: 3467: 3466: 3460: 3453: 3449: 3436: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3371: 3368: 3362: 3359: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3309: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3256: 3239: 3231: 3225: 3221: 3220: 3199: 3188: 3185: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3133: 3125: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3113:3.0 km/s 3090: 3084: 3076: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3043: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3020: 3019: 3015: 3006:= 10 ≈ 1.028, 3002: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2984: 2977: 2967: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2933: 2929: 2922: 2908: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2883: 2875: 2871: 2863: 2861: 2860:Lockheed Vega 2857: 2853: 2849: 2846:launched the 2845: 2841: 2836: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2824: 2823:Vultur cadens 2819: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2805:winter savory 2802: 2798: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2776: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2692: 2688: 2679: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2650: 2644: 2633: 2628: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2601: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2586: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2557:western world 2554: 2553:ancient India 2550: 2549:ancient Egypt 2546: 2545:Vultur Cadens 2542: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2521: 2517: 2507: 2460: 2458: 2453: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2415:rocky planets 2411: 2405: 2401: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2355: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2304: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2260:asteroid belt 2257: 2254:10 times the 2217: 2214:By 2005, the 2207: 2205: 2199: 2183: 2181: 2176: 2161: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2134: 2125: 2116: 2114: 2110: 2108: 2105:86–815 2102: 2099: 2098: 2094: 2091: 2082: 2073: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2047: 2044:(unconfirmed) 2042: 2039: 2038: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2018: 2012: 2005: 1999: 1994: 1983: 1972: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1883: 1879: 1874: 1864: 1860: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1829: 1828:proper motion 1823: 1820:0.9 km/s 1813: 1809: 1805: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1776: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1724: = 1718: 1714: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1669: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1644: 1632: 1628: 1623:3.7 km/s 1616: 1607: 1603: 1601: 1597: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1560: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1479:Balmer series 1476: 1471:3,650 Jy 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1411: 1407: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1377:350 from the 1376: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1355: 1352: 1342: 1337: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1318: 1312: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1244: 1240: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1212:Balmer series 1208: 1204: 1200: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1183:daguerreotype 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1161: 1160:daguerreotype 1157: 1153: 1148: 1140: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1064: 1056: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 995: 990: 981: 979: 975: 971: 967: 959: 955: 953: 943: 939: 937: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 905: 896: 887: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 846: 841:236 km/s 838: 834: 833:variable star 830: 826: 825:main sequence 820: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 732: 729:. It has the 728: 724: 723:constellation 720: 716: 708: 705: 703: 702: 698: 697: 692: 687: 684: 67174, 683: 679: 676: 91262, 675: 671: 667: 661: 656: 652: 646: 643: 639: 635: 632: 618: 616: 615: 611: 610: 599: 597: 595: 591: 587: 583: 582: 578: 573: 571: 570: 566: 565: 562: 558: 556: 555: 551: 550: 547: 528: 526: 525: 521: 520: 517: 509: 507: 505: 501: 497: 496: 493: 477: 475: 474: 470: 469: 466: 458:(polar) 442: 440: 439: 435: 434: 431: 412: 410: 409: 405: 404: 400: 395: 391: 387: 385: 379: 375: 374: 370: 365: 361: 359: 358: 354: 353: 350: 346: 344: 342: 338: 337: 334: 330: 322: 318: 311: 309: 307: 306:Proper motion 303: 302: 299:0.9 km/s 294: 292: 286: 282: 281: 277: 274: 270: 267: 264: 262: 259: 258: 254: 252: 248: 247: 243: 241: 237: 236: 232: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222:Main sequence 220: 218: 215: 214: 209: 205: 201: 197: 196: 192: 190: 187: 186: 180: 177: 173: 172: 167: 141: 118: 116: 115:Pronunciation 113: 112: 109: 106: 104: 103:Constellation 101: 100: 97: 94: 90: 87: 81: 69: 62: 52: 46: 41: 34: 19: 11124: 11087: 11080: 11074:Perseverance 11073: 11063:Mars mission 11060: 10743:Kepler-1704b 10658:3361 Orpheus 10457: 10445: 10442:(April 2021) 10437: 10128:HD 178911 Bb 9053: 8981: 8808:Other bodies 8345: 8231:. Retrieved 8227:the original 8212:November 10, 8210:. Retrieved 8206:the original 8189:. Retrieved 8184: 8161:November 12, 8159:. Retrieved 8155:the original 8144: 8134:November 12, 8132:. Retrieved 8121: 8109:. Retrieved 8105:the original 8094: 8082:. Retrieved 8073: 8054: 8048: 8029: 8023: 8011:. Retrieved 8007: 7998: 7981: 7977: 7971: 7928: 7924: 7918: 7899: 7893: 7883: 7876: 7857: 7851: 7839:. Retrieved 7835:the original 7825: 7805: 7803:陳久金 (2005). 7798: 7789: 7785: 7775: 7742: 7738: 7732: 7723: 7717: 7684: 7680: 7674: 7662:. Retrieved 7651: 7623: 7616: 7597: 7591: 7564: 7560: 7550: 7523: 7519: 7509: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7413: 7409: 7403: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7307: 7303: 7297: 7285:. Retrieved 7274: 7231: 7227: 7221: 7178: 7174: 7168: 7156:. Retrieved 7152:the original 7141: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7088:November 19, 7086:. Retrieved 7075: 7032: 7028: 7022: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6926: 6922: 6916: 6889: 6885: 6875: 6848: 6844: 6831: 6804: 6800: 6771:. Springer. 6768: 6762: 6719: 6715: 6709: 6695: 6688: 6661: 6657: 6440:. Retrieved 6436:the original 6425: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6363: 6359: 6349: 6322: 6318: 6308: 6290: 6286: 6280: 6237: 6233: 6227: 6194: 6190: 6184: 6157: 6153: 6143: 6133:November 18, 6131:. Retrieved 6120: 6077: 6073: 6067: 6055:. Retrieved 6051: 6041: 5998: 5994: 5988: 5963: 5959: 5953: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5902: 5898: 5892: 5865: 5861: 5851: 5830: 5822: 5812:November 15, 5810:. Retrieved 5799: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5745: 5739: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5661: 5653: 5629:(1): 71–79. 5626: 5622: 5581: 5569: 5545: 5541: 5535: 5502: 5498: 5492: 5465: 5461: 5419: 5415: 5405: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5361: 5355: 5343:. Retrieved 5332: 5307: 5303: 5297: 5270: 5266: 5241:. Retrieved 5227: 5216:November 15, 5214:. Retrieved 5210:the original 5205: 5195: 5170: 5166: 5160: 5133: 5129: 5119: 5100: 5094: 5058: 5051: 5034: 5030: 5024: 5014:November 12, 5012:. Retrieved 5001: 4974: 4968: 4948: 4941: 4931: 4924: 4912:. Retrieved 4908:the original 4895: 4891: 4881: 4862: 4856: 4844:. Retrieved 4839: 4830: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4754: 4748: 4722:(4): 59–63. 4719: 4715: 4687: 4681: 4662: 4656: 4635: 4605: 4584:. Retrieved 4574: 4562:. Retrieved 4549: 4537:. Retrieved 4527: 4507: 4500: 4455: 4451: 4389: 4385: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4263: 4259: 4241: 4237: 4209: 4188:. Retrieved 4182: 4175: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4127:. Retrieved 4123: 4113: 4104: 4071: 4011: 4007: 3969: 3965: 3905: 3901: 3846: 3842: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3766: 3762: 3736: 3732: 3680: 3676: 3669: 3652: 3648: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3555: 3551: 3515: 3509: 3498: 3463: 3452: 3434: 3429: 3396: 3392: 3244:6 36 56.3364 3238: 3218: 3083: 3063: 3014: 3000: 2993: 2982: 2975: 2965: 2955: 2946: 2931: 2920: 2906: 2899: 2881: 2874: 2837: 2827: 2822: 2788: 2780:Shri Krishna 2773: 2771: 2762: 2752: 2745: 2740: 2669:for Vega is 2667:Chinese name 2649:Weaving Girl 2647: 2629: 2625:Roman Empire 2602: 2593: 2587: 2560: 2544: 2533:النسر الواقع 2532: 2529: 2523: 2461: 2454: 2439: 2419: 2397: 2378: 2351: 2314:David Ciardi 2307: 2288: 2283:dwarf planet 2213: 2210:Debris disks 2204:Solar System 2200: 2184: 2143: 2100: 2056: 2040: 2024:Eccentricity 1957:open cluster 1941:Alpha Cephei 1937:Alpha Librae 1930: 1914:19 km/s 1875: 1824: 1801: 1777: 1758: 1737: 1736:is slightly 1706: 1694: 1680:almost pure 1673:8,152 K 1666:10,000 1655: 1612: 1581: 1566: 1516: 1511:coronal hole 1467:5,480 Å 1464: 1432: 1392: 1368: 1356: 1320: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1279: 1256: 1246: 1237:) for Vega. 1220: 1199:Henry Draper 1187:William Bond 1165: 1093: 1069: 1029:Punta Arenas 998: 973: 949: 933: 925: 921: 913: 902: 901: 890:Nomenclature 876:Solar System 853: 821: 790: 772:. It is the 749: 745: 741: 733: 714: 713: 699: 688: 15486 680: 7001, 655:3 Lyrae 612: 593: 589: 584: 567: 552: 522: 503: 498: 471: 436: 406: 376: 355: 339: 304: 283: 45: 11182:Outer space 11053:exploration 11021:(PanSTARRS) 10934:ALESS 073.1 10874:Discoveries 10738:HD 110082 b 10733:HD 108236 f 10723:COCONUTS-2b 10675:4660 Nereus 10183:Ring Nebula 9374:7043 (Xihe) 9027:η (Aladfar) 8992:γ (Sulafat) 8987:β (Sheliak) 8868:36 Draconis 8233:November 2, 8191:November 9, 8179:Anonymous. 8111:November 2, 8008:vedabase.io 7664:November 4, 7660:. Sktscript 7526:: 180–182. 7287:October 30, 7158:October 29, 6807:: 808–812. 6664:: 831–839. 6403:: 712–717. 6293:: 137–149. 5905:: 215–230. 5588:(0.43–1.64) 5580:0.004 < 5548:: 733–791. 5345:October 30, 5243:November 7, 5173:: 313–352. 5037:: L49–L52. 5010:. Astroprof 4914:February 5, 4129:October 30, 3683:(4): 2048. 3115:. UVW is a 2905:= −2.5 log 2829:W. H. Auden 2813:kabbalistic 2811:listed its 2793:astrologers 2681:, English: 2646:), meaning 2569:. Medieval 2446:inclination 2422:coronagraph 2406:from 40 to 2322:CHARA array 2299:100 AU 2268:debris disk 2264:Kuiper Belt 2244:160 μm 2240:815 AU 2228:543 AU 2220:330 AU 2191:100 μm 2187:193 μm 2154:wavelengths 2135:around Vega 2133:debris disk 2101:Debris disk 2029:Inclination 1859:declination 1756:below 10%. 1717:photosphere 1713:metallicity 1643:solar radii 1631:centrifugal 1600:CHARA array 1553:A-type star 1485:at the n=2 1419:white dwarf 1351:micrometers 1345:100 Jy 1334:4,000 1286:ultraviolet 1271:photometric 1254:satellite. 1171:photography 1128:right angle 1102:called the 1045:culmination 1017:declination 984:Observation 914:Alpha Lyrae 872:Kuiper belt 868:debris disk 849:photosphere 845:centrifugal 809:photometric 797:declination 764:) from the 758:light-years 756:at only 25 742:Alpha Lyrae 736:, which is 668: 721, 554:Metallicity 524:Temperature 266:Delta Scuti 251:color index 240:color index 189:Declination 11192:Categories 10902:black hole 10728:Gliese 486 10702:Exoplanets 10468:(Dec 2021) 10462:(Nov 2021) 10450:(Oct 2021) 10160:Messier 56 9900:Exoplanets 9836:Gliese 758 9054:(Alathfar) 8863:ω Draconis 8831:o Draconis 8741:15 Orionis 8696:δ Octantis 8511:α Pictoris 8495:o Draconis 8356:τ Herculis 8351:ι Herculis 8185:SolStation 8084:January 6, 7841:January 6, 5568:1.75 < 4465:2101.08801 4458:(4): 157. 4244:: 166–172. 4183:Stellarium 4021:2208.09196 3480:required.) 3445:References 2862:aircraft. 2840:Facel Vega 2801:chrysolite 2651:(asterism) 2590:Polynesian 2585:as birds. 2571:astrolabes 2514:See also: 2450:equatorial 2358:70 AU 2248:50 μm 2232:70 μm 2224:24 μm 2196:80 AU 2129:24 μm 1926:perihelion 1836:0.63 1798:Kinematics 1740:abundant, 1715:of Vega's 1656:The local 1594:times the 1330:nanometers 1252:astrometry 1181:using the 1025:Antarctica 813:zero point 607: km/s 575:16.3 559:−0.5 502:(log 473:Luminosity 273:Astrometry 11158:Astronomy 11082:Tianwen-1 11069:Mars 2020 11027:C/2014 UN 11016:C/2014 OG 11010:8P/Tuttle 10904:candidate 10794:NGTS-14Ab 10515:Selected 10459:LICIACube 9075:Flamsteed 8847:δ Doradus 8651:δ Doradus 8556:η Doradus 8442:Alsephina 8437:Aspidiske 8432:υ Carinae 8427:ω Carinae 8422:I Carinae 8386:Alderamin 8273:Pole star 8057:. BRILL. 8013:March 29, 7963:118454721 7938:1010.4610 7831:"天文教育資訊網" 7709:118597258 7476:1005.3543 7448:118553890 7423:1203.0318 7416:(1): 82. 7370:1105.2586 7342:119542260 6989:1108.3698 6729:1412.3648 6631:δ 6609:δ 6605:μ 6582:α 6578:μ 6528:δ 6525:⁡ 6512:⋅ 6500:α 6496:μ 6478:δ 6474:μ 6463:μ 6219:118213499 6087:1411.7789 6008:0903.1247 5868:: 57–74. 5584:< 0.01 5136:: 83–96. 4846:March 29, 4822:120286863 4734:HIPPARCOS 4492:231693198 4046:251710497 3881:2041-8205 3856:1211.6055 3849:(1): L3, 3715:119417105 3655:: 02025. 3565:0708.1752 3421:115611984 3360:⁡ 3347:× 3335:− 3329:− 3320:⇒ 3279:− 3273:− 3119:, so the 3033:− 2844:Chevrolet 2725:Milky Way 2715:γ Aquilae 2711:β Aquilae 2678:Zhī Nǚ yī 2605:Assyrians 2330:8 AU 2158:100 1985:Companion 1949:Fomalhaut 1847:longitude 1812:blueshift 1808:frequency 1769:diffusion 1684:. 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