2352:
2566:
1074:
1235:
1286:
1294:
2389:
1997:
2315:
2032:
720:, signed on August 4, 1993, laid out a detailed plan for the integration of the Rwandan Government and Rwandan Patriotic Front military forces. The Rwandan government was to provide 60% of the troops for the new integrated army, but would have to share command positions with the RPF down to the level of battalion. The new army was to consist of no more than 19,000 soldiers and 6,000 Gendarmerie. However radical elements within the Rwandan government were implacably opposed to implementation of the Accords and, instead, began the planning that would lay the foundations for the genocide.
2229:
1705:
263:
2266:
2303:
2020:
2500:
2463:
2130:
1717:
2488:
2081:
1915:
1469:
2525:
2414:
2340:
2118:
1985:
1775:
1635:
1565:
1444:
1399:
1892:
1647:
2558:
2377:
2155:
1670:
1600:
323:
1822:
2426:
1424:
2278:
287:
2167:
1857:
1278:
2241:
2204:
347:
2451:
2192:
1950:
1810:
335:
299:
1231:(later Gen.) Marcel Gatsinzi became the Deputy Chief of Staff of the RPA, Col. Balthazar Ndengeyinka became commander of the 305th Brigade, Lt. Col. Laurent Munyakazi took command of the 99th Battalion, and Lt. Col. (later Brig. Gen.) Emmanuel Habyarimana became an RPA Member of Parliament and Director of Training in the Ministry of Defence. Gen. Gatsinzi later became Director of Security and then Minister of Defence in 2002.
2093:
2537:
311:
251:
1880:
1845:
1740:
1514:
1489:
2647:
275:
1962:
1787:
1927:
1612:
1752:
1577:
1682:
687:. As the Congo was due to achieve independence in 1960 and withdraw its forces, the Belgian Special Resident decided to create an indigenous army to provide for Rwanda's security. On 19 May 1960 he ordered the recruitment of a 650-strong military force to become the Garde Territoriale. The force was later renamed the Garde Nationale. The U.S. Army's
1230:
Many soldiers from the former
Rwandan Armed Forces (FAR), the national army under the previous regime, have been incorporated into the RDF since 1994. This process began soon after the genocide in January 1995, when several former FAR officers were given senior positions in the new armed forces: Col.
1004:
This UN mission superseded the AU-led mission in the
Central African Republic. Rwanda provides a protection battalion in the capital of Bangui, a level two hospital in the town of Bria and, from September 2017, a battle group comprising a mechanised infantry battalion. During August 2021 the Rwandan
4193:
The RPF had very close ties with the
Ugandan government as many of its leaders came from the exiled Tutsi community in Uganda and had become an important force within Museveni's rebel force ... As a result, many members of the elite in Rwanda look back on a period of military training in Uganda, and
1132:
From July 1994 until
December 1997 the RPA had six brigades, as designated in the Arusha Accords: 402nd in Kigali and Kigali Rurale Prefecture; 201st in Kibungo, Umatura, and Byumba Prefectures; 301st in Butare, Gikongoro, and Cyangugu Prefectures; 305th in Gitatama and Kibuye Prefectures; and 211th
917:
On 9 July 2021 a 1000-strong joint
Rwandan military police force started deploying to northern Mozambique to assist the national security forces in combating Islamic extremists. The Joint Task Force was commanded by Maj. Gen. Innocent Kabandana and initially comprised 700 soldiers and 300 police.
900:
and his actions are portrayed in the
Hollywood film 'Hotel Rwanda'. Rusesabagina and Nsabimana were kidnapped and flown to Kigali, where they were arrested, in September 2020. Their trial continues. Incursions into southern Rwanda by armed members of the FNL occurred in 2018 and 2019 and, more
921:
The Joint Task Force was soon in action and within the month was reported to have overrun a terrorist base and inflicted casualties. In August 2021 it was reported that the contingent had eliminated 14 insurgents in total. The port town of
Mocimboa da Praia was then recaptured from insurgents.
2633:
parade commands are used, such as "Look to the right!" to which the soldiers respond with "One! Two!", which is done similarly in the PLA honor guard. Prior to this, only the rebels utilized the goosestep during the Civil War, as they received military training in the neighboring country of
925:
Operations then became more scattered across the northern province, and
President Kagame announced in February 2022 that 80% of the enemy occupied Cabo Delgado province had been recaptured since mid-2021. At this time the Rwandan Joint Task Force was commanded by Brig. Gen. P. Muhizi.
968:
This UN mission superseded the AU mission in the Darfur region of Sudan. Infantry battalions have been deployed, for year-long tours, between
January 2008 and mid-2020. Starting with a peak deployed strength of four battalions, the numbers had declined by mid-2020 to two battalions.
932:
On 4 August 2023 there was a change of command when Maj. Gen. Alexis Kagame assumed command of the Joint Task Force from Maj. Gen Eugene
Nkubito and the Task Force Battle Group (TFBG) commander Brig. Gen. F. Mutembe handed over to Col. T. Bahizi, the incoming TFBG 3 Commander.
829:
report on the exploitation of the Congo, said the RPA had a minimum of 25,000 troops in the Congo, an estimate the report attributes to "military specialists with a great deal of experience in the region." During the deployment in the DRC, Rwandan forces fought the so-called
2351:
1073:
999:
710:. Elite troops included the Presidential Guard, estimated at between 1,000 and 1,300 troops, as well as the Paracommando and Reconnaissance units. These two units were of battalion strength by 1994, and then counted a total of 800 troops.
908:
is another opposition group reported by the Kigali Government as carrying out attacks in Rwanda. These include blame for grenade attacks in Rwanda between 2010 and 2014 that killed at least 17 people and injured over 400 others.
4352:
Nyrop, Richard F., Brenneman, Lyle E., Hibbs, Roy V., James, Charlene A., MacKnight, Susan & McDonald, Gordon C., Army Area Handbook for Rwanda, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969. Research and writing completed April 1,
746:, who was also promoted to major general on 18 April, since Col. Gatsinzi opposed the genocide. Bizimungu was only briefly chief of staff before fleeing the country. Many soldiers of the FAR have since been implicated by the
3473:, p.127, citing author's direct personal observation and several interviews with journalists, both local and foreign, in Kigali and Kampala, 1995 and 1996, for the Kigali/Entebbe report, and interviews with
1351:
During December 2012 an aviation unit of three helicopters was sent to the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). The Rwandan Aviation Unit was subsequently increased to six helicopters – reportedly Mi-17.
941:
The RDF has deployed forces on a number of UN and AU-endorsed peacekeeping support operations in Africa. Rwanda is now one of the largest contributors of personnel on UN missions. Deployments include:
727:, and his subordinates played a key role during the genocide. Together with the Reconnaissance Battalion, the Paracommando Battalion under Major Aloys Ntabakuze and the Presidential Guard under Major
2565:
3758:
1144:
Jane's World Armies said in July 2009 that the RDF is deployed to protect the country's borders and defend against external aggression. There are four divisions, each deploying three brigades:
405:
3490:
attache in Rwanda), Rwanda's Hutu Extremist genocidal Insurgency: An Eyewitness Perspective, Small Wars & Insurgencies, Volume 12, Number 1, Spring 2001, pp. 76–109 (34), note 67, page 108
2666:
and gave its first performance on 8 March 1992. After the war, it was re-established with 46 members. Although it represents the defence forces, it falls under the command of the Land Forces.
713:
In response to the RPF invasion of 1990, the 5,000-man FAR rapidly expanded, with French training assistance (as many as 1,100 French troops were in Rwanda at a time), to some 30,000 by 1992.
959:
In the first ever deployment of Rwandan personnel on a United Nations mission, a small contingent of 254 personnel was deployed for year-long tours between November 2005 and September 2010.
1097:. Prunier strongly implies the United States supplied communications equipment, vehicles, boots, and medicines to the RPA before the war began and after it broke out, delivered second-hand
67:
3231:
4388:
2907:, Report of the Panel of Experts on the Illegal Exploitation of Natural Resources and Other Forms of Wealth of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, S/2001/357, 12 April 2001
873:
with the armed forces of the DRC. The initial 2009 deployment was code-named Operation Umoja Wetu. The RDF re-entered the DRC in 2009 to assist the DRC in putting down the
4248:
3269:
4395:
983:
5389:
1133:
in Gisenyi and Ruhengeri Prefectures. The brigade boundaries mirrored the political administrative boundaries, which often complicated military operations. During the
3230:'RWANDA SECURITY FORCES (RSF) AND FORÇAS ARMADAS DE DEFENSA DE MOÇAMBIQUE (FADM) DISMANTLE NEW TERRORIST HIDEOUTS', Ministry of Defence, Kigali, 14 February 2022 <
3643:‘Rwanda Defence Force completes rotation for peacekeepers deployed in Zalinge – Darfur’, Ministry of Defence Kigali, 19 December 2017, accessed 28 January 2018, <
516:(RPF) decided to split into a political division (which retained the RPF name) and a military division, which would serve as the official army of the Rwandan state.
3434:
1259:. In 2021, Rwanda deployed several of the powerboats to operate in littoral waters in the Indian Ocean as part of its deployment to support Mozambique during the
4129:
519:
Defence spending continues to represent an important share of the national budget, largely due to continuing security problems along Rwanda's frontiers with the
4360:
attache in Rwanda), Rwanda's Hutu Extremist genocidal Insurgency: An Eyewitness Perspective, Small Wars & Insurgencies, Volume 12, Number 1, Spring 2001.
982:
mission in the newly independent country of South Sudan. The deployment was continuing in mid-2020, by when an aviation unit, two infantry battalions and a
5043:
918:
The Rwandan deployment to Mozambique under a bilateral agreement pre-empted a long-planned Southern African Development Council (SADC) military operation.
4084:
3245:
929:
The Joint Task Force was reported to have increased to 2,500 personnel in December 2022 and, in January 2023, the commander was Maj. Gen. Eugene Nkubito.
3147:
3293:
3836:
3566:
995:
This African Union mission to the troubled Central African Republic was joined, between January and September 2014, by a Rwandan mechanised battalion.
963:
888:), or FNL. The FNL is the armed wing of an externally-based opposition party: the Rwandan Movement for Democratic Change, or MRCD, which was formed by
3972:"تقرير إعلامي موجز: عيارات نارية في أيدي متمردي جمهورية الكونغو الديمقراطية مصدرها اليونان والصين وروسيا والولايات المتحدة | منظمة العفو الدولية"
3644:
3628:
3615:
3539:
Munyaneza, J. (2019) ‘General Kazura Replaces General Nyamvumba as Kagame Shakes Up Top Military Brass’, The New Times (Kigali), 5 November 2019, <
3518:
691:, compiled in 1968–9, describes the security forces of Rwanda in 1969 as the 2,500 strong National Guard and the National Police, about 1,200 strong.
877:. These operations inside the DRC did not prevent cross-border attacks within Rwanda during late 2012, August 2013, December 2018 and December 2019.
845:
On 17 September 2002 the first Rwandan soldiers were withdrawn from the eastern DRC. On 5 October Rwanda announced the completion of its withdrawal;
169:
3614:‘19 Infantry Battalion relieved from peacekeeping mission in South Sudan’, Ministry of Defence, Kigali, 19 March 2017, accessed 20 March 2017, <
2569:
Members of the Rwanda Defense Force move into formation after arriving in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR), Jan. 16, 2014 140116-A-ZZ999-007
1329:. After fighting began between the RPA and the government in 1990 most aircraft were shot down, destroyed on the ground or crashed. Few survived.
2926:
3305:
3232:
https://www.mod.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-security-forces-rsf-and-forcas-armadas-de-defensa-de-mocambique-fadm-dismantle-new-terrorist-hideouts
770:
635:
3997:
3181:
3170:
Mangwiro, C. (2021) 'Govt Says Influx of African Troops Will Target Cabo Delgado Insurgents', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 30 July 2021.
3565:
RDF Special Operations Forces donate blood as part of Army Week activities, Ministry of Defence Kigali, 6 May 2017, accessed 9 May 2017, <
5188:
3292:
Ministry of Defence, Kigali, website, 31 July 2023, "RDF ARMY CHIEF OF STAFF SEES OFF RELIEF FORCE DEPARTING TO CABO DELGADO, MOZAMBIQUE",
4965:
3925:
766:
608:
5108:
3024:
2951:
Munyaneza, James (2 October 2020). "Victims of MRCD-FLN attacks in southern Rwanda". 'The New Times', Kigali. Retrieved 18 February 2021
4115:
4024:
3872:
2961:
1234:
747:
5048:
3971:
3540:
3748:'Female Rwandese pilots deployed with UNMISS', RDF website reprinted from UNMISS News Issue 4, 16 April 2015, viewed 20 April 2015.
2991:
2271:
1285:
662:
3304:
Ministry of Defence, Kigali, website, 4 August 2023, "MAJ GEN ALEX KAGAME TAKES OVER THE JOINT TASK FORCE COMMAND IN MOZAMBIQUE",
5263:
4458:
3352:
5394:
5218:
4558:
2618:
1293:
950:
Units were deployed on year-long tours of duty between August 2004 and December 2007. The peak commitment was four battalions.
592:
5203:
4844:
4375:
3901:
3812:
3470:
973:
5213:
5198:
4519:
3329:'Rwanda deploys peacekeeping troops to the Central African Republic', Ministry of Defence website, Kigali, 15 January 2014.
3023:
PRESS RELEASE ON RUHERU/NYARUGURU ATTACK (UPDATED), Ministry of Defence (Kigali), 27 June 2018, accessed 18 July 2020, <
817:, the Rwanda Patriotic Army unofficially admitted to having 4,000 to 8,000 troops deployed in the Congo, according to the
5271:
5133:
4697:
3759:"Rwanda Rwandan army land ground forces military equipment armoured vehicle pictures information desc – Army Recognition"
3438:
857:
There is an ongoing, low-level insurgency from Rwandan rebels based in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; mainly the
5228:
4988:
4324:
3950:"Rifle R4 – Assault Rifle / Carbine – History, Specs and Pictures – Military, Security and Civilian Guns and Equipment"
1996:
4154:"Chinese guards of honor help Rwandan troops complete military parade marking liberation anniversary – China Military"
5063:
4415:
4302:
4186:
3739:'Rwanda deploys Aviation Units in UN Mission in South Sudan', RDF website, 27 December 2012, viewed 13 February 2013.
3294:
https://www.mod.gov.rw/news-detail/rdf-army-chief-of-staff-sees-off-relief-force-departing-to-cabo-delgado-mozambique
2857:
2807:
629:
3567:
https://mod.gov.rw/news-detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3449&cHash=5d490fc2817fbc316e3ba3d313f9b5ff#.WRGyudKGPIU’
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3645:
https://mod.gov.rw/news-detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3659&cHash=b9ee19ed31b3250a65dd24a564384309#.Wm03eqiWbIU
3629:
https://mod.gov.rw/news-detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4006&cHash=bed3195e10c729b36a4349c587e45868#.XJtI5pj7TIU
3616:
https://mod.gov.rw/news-detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3401&cHash=e08c8b21684ea2e95bd7a6650c16df20#.WM-zUfmGPIU
3519:
https://mod.gov.rw/news-detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4021&cHash=7d250d18dc0b30b6b85498e2d54ab37b#.XK7Y7-j7TIU
3435:"Congo News Channel: Rwanda: Installing a US Protectorate in Central Africa the US was behind the Rwandan Genocide"
1138:
1094:
535:
520:
3123:'Rwandan Forces Will Only Leave When Mission Is Over', Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique (Maputo), 12 July 2021.
5163:
5098:
2904:
2655:
1014:
954:
163:
3351:'Rwanda Deploys an Additional Infantry Battalion to MINUSCA', Department of Defence, Kigali, 3 August 2021, <
5303:
5073:
4492:
4091:
945:
724:
2916:'Militia Leader Wanted for War Crimes Killed in Congo', Voice of America (Washington, DC), 19 September 2019.
698:(FAR) was the national army of Rwanda until July 1994, when the government collapsed in the aftermath of the
368:
3847:
3627:'RDF continues alternating its peacekeepers in South Sudan', Ministry of Defence Kigali, 11 March 2019, <
3306:
https://www.mod.gov.rw/news-detail/maj-gen-alex-kagame-takes-over-the-joint-task-force-command-in-mozambique
3270:"'MOZAMBIQUE'S DEFENCE MINISTER VISITS RWANDA SECURITY FORCES IN MOCIMBOA DA PRAIA, CABO DELGADO PROVINCE',"
1832:
5028:
4763:
4702:
4685:
4592:
2577:
during official parades and functions. Since 2019, however, the RDF has adopted the Chinese variant of the
870:
774:
655:
397:
151:
132:
17:
1326:
1305:) was formed with Belgian help. By 1972 the first modern equipment started to arrive in the form of seven
5379:
5158:
4951:
4829:
4648:
4607:
4487:
4451:
2622:
2406:
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1972:
1436:
1391:
818:
742:
was briefly named chief of staff of the Rwandan army from April 6 to April 16, 1994, but was replaced by
5148:
4787:
4692:
4063:
4041:
3949:
1767:
1732:
1697:
1260:
822:
601:
401:
3530:
Munyaneza, J. (2019) ‘Gen Mupenzi Named New Army Chief of Staff, The New Times (Kigali), 9 April 2019.
3025:
https://mod.gov.rw/news-detail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=4709&cHash=38b9603bc975bb9b987cd3077ddc72d4
5384:
5103:
5023:
5008:
4892:
4814:
4665:
4153:
2820:
2759:
Richard F,. Nyrop, 'Area Handbook for Rwanda,' DA 550-84, research completed April 1, 1969, p.184-185
1802:
1662:
1627:
1592:
1256:
3517:‘RDF PRESS RELEASE – APPOINTMENTS AND CHANGES WITHIN RDF REF: RDF/MPR/A/07/02/19; 9 April 2019, <
825:
estimated that the RPA has between 17,000 and 25,000 troops deployed in the Congo. In April 2001, a
4712:
4707:
4602:
4587:
4001:
1942:
1907:
1041:
905:
884:
from Burundi-based rebels. These attacks are usually blamed on the National Forces of Liberation (
417:
3541:
https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/gen-kazura-replaces-gen-nyamvumba-kagame-shakes-top-military-brass
3477:
officers, Paris, May 1997, and UPDF officers, Kampala, November 1997 for the C-130 airdrop report.
3084:
Karuhanga, J. (2021) 'Rwanda Deployment to Mozambique Mission Specific, Not Time Specific – RDF',
5327:
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5123:
5068:
5038:
4809:
4738:
4597:
4502:
2626:
2614:
1314:
1106:
717:
706:(Inkotanyi). The FAR was estimated at 7,000 strong, including approximately 1,200 members of the
703:
648:
513:
474:
4368:
From Genocide to Continental War: The "Congolese" Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa
4311:, Helion & Co Ltd, England, and Thirty Degrees South Publishers Pty Ltd, Johannesburg, 2015.
3914:
3463:
From Genocide to Continental War: The "Congolese" Conflict and the Crisis of Contemporary Africa
2505:
1310:
1000:
United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic
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5153:
5138:
5003:
4834:
4799:
4653:
4638:
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4233:
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to collaborate with other security organs in safe-guarding public order and enforcement of law;
228:
2847:
2031:
5281:
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5223:
5178:
5118:
5083:
5058:
5053:
5018:
4758:
4658:
4206:
3353:
https://www.mod.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-deploys-an-additional-infantry-battalion-to-minusca
3338:
Waugh, L. (2014) Central African Republic: Will MINUSCA Deployment Make a Difference in CAR?
2480:
2216:
504:
to participate in international peace-keeping missions, humanitarian assistance and training.
4021:
2314:
751:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5319:
5315:
5113:
4993:
4824:
4675:
3669:‘RDF 408 Brigade get Brigade Medical Clinic’, Ministry of Degfence, Kigali, 20 August 2015.
2824:
2727:
1476:
1459:
1345:
761:
Many elements of the former Rwandan regime, including soldiers of the FAR, fled to eastern
434:
238:
38:
3975:
3045:
Kleinfeld, P. (2019) In Eastern Congo, a Local Conflict Flares as Regional Tensions Rise,
2589:, by communist countries, as well as by countries with a large Prussian/German influence (
8:
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5311:
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or by airdrop along the AFDL front lines. He reports that after the war's outbreak, the
5173:
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5033:
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4357:
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2799:
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831:
743:
389:
4249:"The Rwandan Defence Force Army Band receive training from the SA Army Band Cape Town"
5307:
4916:
4854:
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4726:
4548:
4543:
4524:
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4396:
Rwandese Patriotic Army Logistics Unit (G4) Assessment and Recommendations for Change
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was expanded again, when a third Rwandan infantry battalion was deployed to the CAR.
889:
466:
373:
97:
4363:
3058:
Karuhanga, J. (2019) 'A Glimpse at Anti-Rwanda Militia Groups in Eastern DR Congo',
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106:
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the brigade headquarters remained inside Rwanda but directed operations inside the
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450:
385:
54:
3097:
Vieira, A. (2021) 'Rwandan Troops Arrive in Mozambique to Help Fight Insurgents',
3071:
Bishumba, N. (2019) 'Ugandans, Burundians Among Captured RNC Militia Combatants',
2462:
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to defend the territorial integrity and the national sovereignty of the Republic;
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218:
90:
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Africa@War Volume 14: Great Lakes Conflagration, The Second Congo War, 1998–2003
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1289:
Rwanda Defense Force MEDEVAC skills, January, 2011 – Flickr – US Army Africa (6)
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Basic Military Training Centre (BMTC), Nasho (Kirehe District, Eastern Province)
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Hidden in Plain View: Refugees Living Without Protection in Nairobi and Kampala
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2617:, in which over 1,500 RDF soldiers and policemen trained by six members of the
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2401:
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1920:
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1118:
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3701:
World Aircraft Information Files Brightstar Publishing London File 338 sheet 4
3403:
Nkurunziza, S. & Musoni, E. (2012) ‘Senior Officers College Inaugurated’,
3204:'Cabo Delgado – a Closer Look at Rwanda-Mozambican Forces’ Joint Operations',
2882:
2561:
The military parade of the RDF during the Liberation Day celebrations in 2014.
1468:
1055:
RDF Command and Staff College, Nyakinama (Musanze District, Northern Province)
66:
5373:
4743:
4514:
4345:
4207:"rwfacts.com – This website is for sale! – rwfacts Resources and Information"
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Despite not being a former British colony, Rwanda has generally used British
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2025:
2007:
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Rwanda Defense Force MEDEVAC skills, January, 2011 – Flickr – US Army Africa
3915:"Arming Rwanda: The Arms Trade and Human Rights, Abuses in the Rwandan War"
3714:
2530:
2419:
2382:
2364:
2345:
2258:
2160:
2123:
2073:
1990:
1797:
1780:
1675:
1640:
1605:
1570:
1481:
1449:
1404:
1306:
893:
534:
There is an ongoing, low-level insurgency from Rwandan rebels based in the
485:
328:
3148:"Mozambican, Rwandan troops overrun major insurgents base in Cabo Delgado"
1891:
1646:
5295:
2557:
2290:
2253:
1867:
1657:
1098:
707:
587:
144:
3390:
Karuhanga, J. (2011) ‘Gen. Karenzi to Head Nyakinama Military Academy’,
2883:"The Rwandan patriotic Army and Military Commercialism in Eastern Congo"
2601:
all being examples of each). It was first displayed in April during the
2425:
2277:
1821:
4943:
2574:
1727:
1499:
1454:
1409:
1114:
778:
3416:
Karinganire, E.D. (2012) ‘RDF Command and Staff College inaugurated’,
3246:"Rwanda, Mozambique step up fight against terrorism – President Nyusi"
2166:
1856:
1252:
123:
3656:
Bizimungu, J. (2020) ‘Kagame Promotes Two Senior Military Officers’,
2578:
2246:
2240:
2203:
2179:
2142:
2135:
2012:
1977:
1587:
1386:
1341:
1248:
1247:
The Rwandan Land Forces also contain a marine unit which operates on
839:
292:
1423:
1277:
553:
is now one of the largest contributors of personnel on UN missions.
508:
After it conquered the country in July 1994 in the aftermath of the
2786:
Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis, p.163, cited in Des Forges, 1999, p.118
1431:
1337:
1255:
powerboats equipped as fast attack craft, each armed with a single
1238:
Rwandan soldiers carrying equipment at Kigali International Airport
1058:
Rwanda Military Academy, Gako (Bugesera District, Eastern Province)
758:(private office) of the Ministry of Defence prior to the genocide.
4436:
3217:'Security Problems in DR Congo Affect the Whole Region – Kagame',
2092:
549:
The RDF is regularly deployed in peacekeeping missions in Africa.
2536:
2493:
2438:
2320:
2086:
1937:
1513:
1163:
524:
352:
2646:
821:, but this was believed to be a substantial understatement. The
750:
in the genocide, including its leader during the genocide, Col.
4467:
2635:
2590:
2456:
2197:
2068:
1961:
1955:
1885:
1850:
1815:
1786:
1762:
1745:
1692:
1494:
1322:
1170:
1156:
1149:
881:
835:
550:
528:
498:
to participate in humanitarian activities in case of disasters;
458:
406:
Democratic Republic of the Congo–Rwanda tensions (2022–present)
340:
316:
304:
256:
111:
4398:, Master's thesis, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA, 2000
4285:
Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda
3896:. Jane's Information Group; 35th edition (January 27, 2009).
2598:
2594:
2512:
2234:
1926:
1902:
1710:
1622:
1611:
990:
865:) During early 2009 the RDF operated in eastern DRC against
846:
762:
280:
268:
3508:
Jane's World Armies: Rwanda, Role and Deployment,' July 2009
2849:
From War to Genocide: Criminal Politics in Rwanda, 1990–1994
1751:
675:
While Rwanda was a Belgian colony administered as a part of
4408:
Resilience of a Nation: A History of the Military in Rwanda
4309:
Africa@War Volume 24: The Rwandan Patriotic Front 1990–1994
4130:"Rwandan troops trained by China mark genocide anniversary"
3474:
2962:"Paul Rusesabagina admits backing rebels, denies violence'"
2327:
1557:
1552:
1102:
866:
862:
564:
543:
3554:
Great Lakes Conflagration: The Second Congo War, 1998–2003
880:
There has also been a small number of attacks in southern
461:. The country's armed forces were originally known as the
4431:
3316:
Akanga, E. (2005) 'Sudan UN Mission Force Set to Leave',
2105:
1576:
849:
confirmed the departure of over 20,000 Rwandan soldiers.
3432:, From Genocide to Continental War, 2009, p.126-127 and
3368:, LAW N° 19/2002 of 17/05/2002, J.O. n° 13 of 01/07/2002
2741:
2662:
of the RDF. The RDF Band was founded in 1992 during the
1681:
978:
In April 2012 a Rwandan contingent was deployed to this
477:(Inkotanyi) created a new organization and named it the
3795:
3182:"Rwanda says it has killed 14 insurgents in Mozambique"
3110:'Rwandan Forces Will Only Leave When Mission Is Over,'
2927:"Burundi rebels killed in clashes with DR Congo troops"
4061:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3775:
964:
African Union/ United Nations Hybrid Mission to Darfur
484:
The Rwanda Defence Force’s mission as provided in the
3998:"The Jazz Singer: IWI Tavor Review – Guns & Ammo"
3924:. Vol. 6, no. 1. January 1994. p. 15.
2710:
2708:
2706:
3772:
2992:"Rwanda army says foils attack near Burundi border"
1301:
After achieving independence in 1962, the air arm (
1093:. The officially admitted part of the training was
1061:
School of Infantry (Combat Training Centre), Gabiro
2703:
2691:(1). Bonn, Germany: Monch Publishing Group. 2008.
936:
481:(RPA). Later, it was renamed to its current name.
5390:Military units and formations established in 1994
5264:States and regions with limited or no recognition
4039:
3377:Kagire, E. (2010) ‘240 Officer Cadets Pass-Out’,
801:
5371:
4181:. New York, NY: Human Rights Watch. p. 89.
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3589:
3587:
789:
501:to contribute to the development of the country;
991:AU-led International Support Mission to the CAR
896:is considered by some to be a hero of the 1994
556:
2852:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 251.
771:Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda
4959:
4452:
4194:retain close links with the Ugandan military.
3813:"Rwanda operating Cobra II armoured vehicles"
3639:
3637:
3584:
2581:, which is today mostly used by countries in
765:after the RPF victory, where they formed the
656:
4389:Les militaires belges et le Rwanda 1916–2006
4287:, Random House of Canada Ltd, Toronto, 2003.
3888:
3886:
3884:
3882:
2985:
2983:
901:recently, on 27 June 2020 and 23 May 2021.
859:Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda
540:Forces démocratiques de libération du Rwanda
4966:
4952:
4459:
4445:
4333:
4042:"More images from Rwandan Airlift Mission"
3709:
3707:
3634:
2747:
1101:weapons and ammunition either directly to
1089:, document U.S. aid to the RPA before the
1046:
748:International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda
723:The Reconnaissance Battalion's commander,
663:
649:
473:of 1994 against the Tutsi, the victorious
65:
3879:
3145:
2989:
2980:
2845:
773:(FDLR), which is still active in eastern
767:Rassemblement Démocratique pour le Rwanda
4973:
4405:
3556:, Helion & Co, United Kingdom, 2013.
2676:
2645:
2564:
2556:
1336:states the Rwandan Air Force has twelve
1292:
1284:
1276:
1233:
1072:
4432:Ministry of Defence, Republic of Rwanda
4307:Fontanellaz, Adrien & Cooper, Tom,
3704:
3132:'SADC to Deploy Troops in Mozambique',
784:
531:'s intentions towards its former ally.
14:
5372:
4176:
4114:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3907:
3871:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3366:Law Establishing Rwanda Defence Forces
3243:
3179:
2619:Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion
200:1,749,580 females, age 18–49
198:1,685,066 males, age 18–49,
188:2,608,110 females, age 18–49
186:2,625,917 males, age 18–49,
4947:
4440:
4280:, Helion & Co Ltd, England, 2013.
4062:Albert Gonzalez Farran (2014-02-10).
1152:, covers the central and east region;
974:United Nations Mission in South Sudan
852:
4387:Patrick Lefèvre, Jean-Noël Lefèvre,
4314:
4246:
3829:
3799:
2714:
1196:204 Brigade, Gasabo District, Kigali
4466:
3112:Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique
2629:marched while using the goosestep.
1159:, covers the north and east region;
679:, its security was provided by the
24:
4381:
4293:, 'Leave None to Tell the Story,'
4247:Kidz, Cool Classic (Feb 4, 2011).
3952:. Militaryfactory.com. 23 May 2012
2798:, 'Leave None to Tell the Story,'
2720:
2547:
1169:4 (Mechanised) Division, based at
1166:, covers the northwest region; and
731:became the three most significant
27:Combined military forces of Rwanda
25:
5406:
4425:
3894:Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010
2552:
1527:
1257:Chinese Type-85 heavy machine gun
1117:to deliver the non-lethal aid to
455:Nguvu ya Ulinzi ya Watu wa Rwanda
5272:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
5044:Democratic Republic of the Congo
4340:. New York: Praeger Publishers.
4040:Sgt. Thomas Mills (2014-01-16).
2535:
2523:
2498:
2486:
2461:
2449:
2424:
2412:
2387:
2375:
2350:
2338:
2313:
2301:
2276:
2264:
2239:
2227:
2202:
2190:
2165:
2153:
2128:
2116:
2091:
2079:
2030:
2018:
1995:
1983:
1960:
1948:
1925:
1913:
1890:
1878:
1855:
1843:
1820:
1808:
1785:
1773:
1750:
1738:
1715:
1703:
1680:
1668:
1645:
1633:
1610:
1598:
1575:
1563:
1512:
1487:
1467:
1442:
1422:
1397:
1325:Guerrier armed light planes and
1184:Republican Guard Brigade, Kigali
1139:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1095:Joint Combined Exchange Training
1051:Major training centres include:
536:Democratic Republic of the Congo
521:Democratic Republic of the Congo
345:
333:
321:
309:
297:
285:
273:
261:
249:
4410:. Kigali: Fountain Publishers.
4270:
4240:
4199:
4170:
4146:
4122:
4077:
4055:
4033:
4015:
3990:
3964:
3942:
3931:from the original on 2016-03-18
3922:Human Rights Watch Arms Project
3805:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3695:
3681:
3672:
3663:
3650:
3621:
3608:
3572:
3559:
3546:
3533:
3524:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3480:
3452:
3423:
3410:
3397:
3384:
3371:
3358:
3345:
3332:
3323:
3310:
3298:
3286:
3262:
3244:Bahati, Moise M. (2023-02-22).
3237:
3224:
3211:
3198:
3173:
3164:
3146:Karuhanga, James (2021-07-27).
3139:
3126:
3117:
3104:
3091:
3078:
3065:
3052:
3039:
3030:
3017:
3008:
2990:Munyaneza, James (2021-05-24).
2954:
2945:
2919:
2910:
2905:United Nations Security Council
2898:
2875:
2866:
2839:
2830:
2813:
2656:Rwanda Defence Forces Army Band
1030:
1023:High Command Council of the RDF
1015:Chief of Defence Staff (Rwanda)
955:United Nations Mission in Sudan
937:Peacekeeping support operations
886:Forces nationales de libération
842:, leaving at least 1,000 dead.
527:, and lingering concerns about
4493:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa
2789:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2753:
1242:
1173:, covers the southwest region.
1068:
946:African Union Mission in Sudan
802:Second Congo War, 1998 to 2003
769:(RDR), which later became the
13:
1:
5395:1994 establishments in Rwanda
3974:. Dec 6, 2018. Archived from
3499:Orth, 2001, note 67, page 108
3364:Rwandan Ministry of Defence,
2043:
1226:511 Brigade, Gicumbe District
912:
790:First Congo War, 1996 to 1997
3689:"H I Sutton – Covert Shores"
2638:, which uses the goosestep.
1522:
1309:. Other deliveries included
1266:
1251:. The unit utilizes several
1214:408 Brigade, Rusizi District
557:Historical outline 1960–1994
447:Forces rwandaises de défense
398:2009 Eastern Congo offensive
51:Forces rwandaises de défense
7:
5109:Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)
4845:Water supply and sanitation
4406:Rusagara, Frank K. (2009).
4370:, C. Hurst & Co, 2009.
3465:, C. Hurst & Co, 2009,
3320:(Kigali), 20 November 2005.
3274:Ministry of Defence, Kigali
3062:(Kigali), 10 December 2019.
2836:Des Forges, 1999, p.124-125
2669:
2641:
2407:General purpose machine gun
2370:General purpose machine gun
1973:122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)
1355:
1346:Aerospatiale Gazelle SA.342
1180:Brigades reported include:
1085:Several sources, including
1019:The RDF command comprises:
819:Economist Intelligence Unit
725:François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye
683:, the colonial army of the
512:of April to July 1994, the
10:
5411:
4283:Dallaire, Lt. Gen. Romeo,
3221:(Kigali), 8 February 2022.
3180:Martin, Guy (2021-08-03).
3049:(Geneva), 28 October 2019.
1768:Armoured personnel carrier
1733:Armoured personnel carrier
1698:Armoured personnel carrier
1270:
1261:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
1039:
1012:
1008:
823:International Crisis Group
402:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado
369:Military history of Rwanda
5290:
5262:
4979:
4910:
4853:
4795:
4786:
4734:
4725:
4634:
4625:
4583:
4574:
4478:
4334:Lemarchand, René (1970).
4317:The Military Balance 2016
4232:Cite uses generic title (
3208:(Kigali), 16 August 2021.
3075:(Kigali), 2 October 2019.
2846:Guichaoua, André (2015).
2683:"World Defence Almanac".
1803:Infantry mobility vehicle
1663:Infantry fighting vehicle
1628:Infantry fighting vehicle
1593:Infantry fighting vehicle
1327:Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil
1281:Current roundel of Rwanda
986:battalion were deployed.
984:Regional Protection Force
892:and Callixte Nsabimana.
465:(FAR), but following the
457:) is the military of the
411:
363:
358:
244:
237:
227:
217:
212:
204:
192:
180:
175:
162:
150:
138:
131:
117:
105:
89:
81:
73:
64:
59:Jeshi la Ulinzi la Rwanda
37:
32:
5029:Central African Republic
4177:Parker, Allison (2002).
3394:(Kigali), 23 March 2011.
3381:(Kigali), 26 March 2010.
3101:(Nairobi), 11 July 2021.
2933:. Reuters. 15 April 2019
2872:Des Forges, 1999, p. 264
2623:People's Liberation Army
2321:.50 BMG (12.7×99mm NATO)
1943:Multiple rocket launcher
1908:Multiple rocket launcher
1315:Britten-Norman Islanders
1303:Force aérienne rwandaise
1109:had switched from using
1042:Military ranks of Rwanda
1035:
1026:General Staff of the RDF
906:Rwanda National Congress
838:forces over the city of
696:Forces armées rwandaises
689:Area Handbook for Rwanda
418:Military ranks of Rwanda
4158:english.chinamil.com.cn
4064:"WFP food distribution"
3715:"World Air Forces 2017"
3660:, Kigali, 9 July 2020.)
3420:(Kigali), 24 July 2012.
3407:(Kigali), 24 July 2012.
3136:(Harare), 24 June 2021.
3114:(Maputo), 12 July 2021.
3088:(Kigali), 10 July 2021.
2777:Des Forges, 1999, p.194
2627:Central Theater Command
1332:Flight International's
1047:Training establishments
754:, who was chief of the
704:Rwandan Patriotic Front
514:Rwandan Patriotic Front
475:Rwandan Patriotic Front
4253:SA Army Band Cape Town
2768:Des Forges, 1999, p.43
2651:
2570:
2562:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1239:
1187:Special Forces Brigade
1082:
813:Circa 2000 during the
486:Constitution of Rwanda
479:Rwandan Patriotic Army
454:
446:
438:
164:Chief of Defence Staff
58:
50:
42:
5189:São Tomé and Príncipe
5049:Republic of the Congo
2649:
2568:
2560:
2481:Semi-automatic weapon
2217:Type 56 assault rifle
1833:Véhicule Blindé Léger
1334:World Air Forces 2017
1296:
1288:
1280:
1237:
1205:305 Brigade, Gitatama
1162:3 Division, based at
1155:2 Division, based at
1148:1 Division, based at
1076:
702:and the war with the
469:of 1990–1994 and the
101:Rwandan Reserve Force
4974:Militaries of Africa
3342:, 15 September 2014.
3047:The New Humanitarian
2825:University of Ulster
2728:"CIA World Factbook"
1311:Aérospatiale Gazelle
1199:211 Brigade, Gisenyi
1193:201 Brigade, Kibungo
1077:The RDF providing a
785:Post-1994 operations
593:Rwandan Armed Forces
463:Rwandan Armed Forces
427:Rwanda Defence Force
33:Rwanda Defence Force
5320:Plazas de soberanía
4686:Chamber of Deputies
4356:Orth, Rick (former
2968:. 25 September 2020
2685:Military Technology
1211:402 Brigade, Kigali
1202:301 Brigade, Butare
1190:Engineering Brigade
223:$ 91 million (2015)
157:Juvenal Marizamunda
152:Minister of Defence
5380:Military of Rwanda
4764:Telecommunications
4532:Rwandan Revolution
4520:Colonial residents
4510:German East Africa
4358:United States Army
4337:Rwanda and Burundi
4295:Human Rights Watch
4291:Des Forges, Alison
4027:2013-01-17 at the
3892:Jones, Richard D.
3488:United States Army
3486:Rick Orth (former
2800:Human Rights Watch
2652:
2571:
2563:
1340:helicopters, five
1299:
1291:
1283:
1240:
1176:Artillery Division
1083:
853:Ongoing insurgency
752:Théoneste Bagosora
744:Augustin Bizimungu
459:Republic of Rwanda
390:Six-Day War (2000)
140:Commander-in-Chief
95:Rwandan Land Force
5367:
5366:
5360:
5344:
5332:
5324:
5064:Equatorial Guinea
4941:
4940:
4906:
4905:
4830:Human trafficking
4782:
4781:
4721:
4720:
4698:Political parties
4649:Foreign relations
4621:
4620:
4549:Rwandan Civil War
4544:Bugesera invasion
4525:Ruzagayura famine
4498:Kingdom of Rwanda
4394:Richard Muhirwa,
4376:978-1-85065-523-7
3902:978-0-7106-2869-5
3471:978-1-85065-523-7
3340:African Arguments
2796:Alison Des Forges
2664:Rwandan Civil War
2545:
2544:
2476:Browning Hi-Power
2333:Heavy machine gun
2296:Heavy machine gun
2041:
2040:
1520:
1519:
1273:Rwandan Air Force
1125:, to airdrops by
1111:C-141 Starlifters
890:Paul Rusesabagina
806:See main article
794:See main article
673:
672:
467:Rwandan Civil War
439:Ingabo z'u Rwanda
423:
422:
374:Rwandan Civil War
245:Foreign suppliers
98:Rwandan Air Force
43:Ingabo z'u Rwanda
16:(Redirected from
5402:
5385:Rwandan genocide
5359:(United Kingdom)
5358:
5356:Tristan da Cunha
5352:Ascension Island
5342:
5330:
5322:
4981:Sovereign states
4968:
4961:
4954:
4945:
4944:
4926:
4919:
4793:
4792:
4747:
4732:
4731:
4693:Decentralization
4632:
4631:
4581:
4580:
4566:Second Congo War
4554:Rwandan genocide
4537:Coup of Gitarama
4461:
4454:
4447:
4438:
4437:
4421:
4349:
4330:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4244:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4228:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4140:
4126:
4120:
4119:
4113:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4096:
4090:. Archived from
4089:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:. US Army Africa
4037:
4031:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4000:. Archived from
3994:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3968:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3946:
3940:
3939:
3937:
3936:
3930:
3919:
3911:
3905:
3890:
3877:
3876:
3870:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3852:
3846:. Archived from
3841:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3809:
3803:
3797:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3755:
3749:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3731:
3730:
3728:
3726:
3711:
3702:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3661:
3654:
3648:
3641:
3632:
3625:
3619:
3612:
3606:
3599:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3563:
3557:
3550:
3544:
3537:
3531:
3528:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3484:
3478:
3456:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3437:. Archived from
3427:
3421:
3414:
3408:
3401:
3395:
3388:
3382:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3343:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3266:
3260:
3259:
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3021:
3015:
3012:
3006:
3005:
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3002:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2966:Aljazeera (Doha)
2958:
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2718:
2712:
2701:
2700:
2680:
2607:Rwandan genocide
2605:in honor of the
2539:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2502:
2492:
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2465:
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2391:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2284:7.92×57mm Mauser
2280:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2169:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2132:
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2120:
2119:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2048:
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2034:
2024:
2022:
2021:
1999:
1989:
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1986:
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1954:
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1951:
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1471:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1426:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1360:
1359:
898:Rwandan Genocide
871:joint operations
815:Second Congo War
808:Second Congo War
729:Protais Mpiranya
700:Rwandan genocide
665:
658:
651:
573:Rwandan genocide
561:
560:
510:Rwandan genocide
471:Rwandan genocide
386:Second Congo War
359:Related articles
351:
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205:Active personnel
195:military service
183:military service
127:
126:
124:Official website
91:Service branches
69:
30:
29:
21:
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4893:Public holidays
4849:
4815:Gender equality
4778:
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4717:
4666:Law enforcement
4617:
4570:
4474:
4465:
4428:
4418:
4384:
4382:Further reading
4364:Prunier, Gerard
4327:
4273:
4268:
4267:
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4255:
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4241:
4231:
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4215:
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4211:ww1.rwfacts.com
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4087:
4085:"Archived copy"
4083:
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4029:Wayback Machine
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3853:on 22 June 2017
3850:
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3837:"Archived copy"
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3079:
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3066:
3057:
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3044:
3040:
3036:Munyaneza 2021.
3035:
3031:
3022:
3018:
3014:Munyaneza 2020.
3013:
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2814:
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2790:
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2781:
2776:
2772:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2748:Lemarchand 1970
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2704:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2644:
2603:military parade
2555:
2550:
2548:Characteristics
2524:
2522:
2518:Rocket launcher
2487:
2485:
2450:
2448:
2413:
2411:
2376:
2374:
2339:
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2302:
2300:
2265:
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2228:
2226:
2191:
2189:
2154:
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2117:
2115:
2080:
2078:
2046:
2019:
2017:
1984:
1982:
1949:
1947:
1914:
1912:
1879:
1877:
1844:
1842:
1809:
1807:
1774:
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1739:
1737:
1704:
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1669:
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1599:
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1530:
1525:
1488:
1486:
1443:
1441:
1398:
1396:
1358:
1275:
1269:
1245:
1135:First Congo War
1123:Entebbe Airport
1091:First Congo War
1079:guard of honour
1071:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1017:
1011:
939:
915:
875:Dongo Rebellion
855:
804:
796:First Congo War
792:
787:
740:Marcel Gatsinzi
669:
559:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
382:First Congo War
380:
378:Kibeho Massacre
376:
372:
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170:Mubarak Muganga
122:
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100:
96:
53:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5408:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5345:
5333:
5325:
5316:Alboran Island
5304:Canary Islands
5300:
5298:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5268:
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4779:
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4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4759:Stock Exchange
4756:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4713:Prime Minister
4710:
4708:Vice President
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4651:
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4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4622:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:National parks
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4578:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4559:Initial events
4551:
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4541:
4540:
4539:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
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4482:
4476:
4475:
4464:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4427:
4426:External links
4424:
4423:
4422:
4416:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4391:, Racine, 2006
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4361:
4354:
4350:
4331:
4326:978-1857438352
4325:
4312:
4305:
4297:, March 1999,
4288:
4281:
4272:
4269:
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4265:
4239:
4198:
4187:
4169:
4145:
4121:
4076:
4054:
4032:
4014:
3989:
3963:
3941:
3906:
3878:
3828:
3804:
3802:, p. 463.
3771:
3750:
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3703:
3694:
3680:
3671:
3662:
3649:
3633:
3620:
3607:
3583:
3571:
3558:
3545:
3532:
3523:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3479:
3459:Gerard Prunier
3451:
3430:Gerard Prunier
3422:
3409:
3396:
3383:
3370:
3357:
3344:
3331:
3322:
3309:
3297:
3285:
3261:
3236:
3223:
3210:
3197:
3172:
3163:
3138:
3125:
3116:
3103:
3090:
3077:
3064:
3051:
3038:
3029:
3016:
3007:
2979:
2953:
2944:
2918:
2909:
2897:
2874:
2865:
2858:
2838:
2829:
2821:Arusha Accords
2812:
2802:, March 1999,
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2750:, p. 280.
2740:
2719:
2717:, p. 462.
2702:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2643:
2640:
2615:Liberation Day
2611:silver jubilee
2587:Eastern Europe
2554:
2553:Marching style
2551:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2533:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2506:9mm Parabellum
2503:
2496:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:9mm Parabellum
2466:
2459:
2446:
2444:Submachine gun
2441:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2409:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:7.62×51mm NATO
2392:
2385:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2335:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2311:
2298:
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2287:
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2281:
2274:
2261:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2224:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:5.56×45mm NATO
2207:
2200:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:5.56×45mm NATO
2170:
2163:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2126:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:7.62x51mm NATO
2096:
2089:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2028:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1993:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1958:
1945:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1921:Czechoslovakia
1910:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1888:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1853:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1818:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1783:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1748:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1713:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1678:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1643:
1630:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1608:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1573:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1529:
1528:Army equipment
1526:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1484:
1479:
1477:SA.342 Gazelle
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1462:
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1439:
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1412:
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1357:
1354:
1271:Main article:
1268:
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1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1127:C-130 Hercules
1119:Kigali Airport
1107:U.S. Air Force
1087:Gérard Prunier
1070:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1048:
1045:
1040:Main article:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1013:Main article:
1010:
1007:
938:
935:
914:
911:
854:
851:
827:United Nations
803:
800:
791:
788:
786:
783:
718:Arusha Accords
681:Force Publique
671:
670:
668:
667:
660:
653:
645:
642:
641:
640:
639:
638:(2000–present)
633:
624:
623:
613:
612:
605:
604:
602:Refugee crisis
598:
597:
596:
595:
590:
585:
577:
576:
569:
568:
558:
555:
506:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
421:
420:
415:
409:
408:
394:Dongo conflict
365:
361:
360:
356:
355:
246:
242:
241:
235:
234:
231:
229:Percent of GDP
225:
224:
221:
215:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
184:
178:
177:
173:
172:
166:
160:
159:
154:
148:
147:
142:
136:
135:
129:
128:
119:
115:
114:
109:
103:
102:
93:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
62:
61:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5407:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5329:
5326:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5280:
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5270:
5269:
5267:
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5261:
5255:
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5235:
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5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5104:Guinea-Bissau
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
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5027:
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5017:
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5012:
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5007:
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4909:
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4810:Ethnic groups
4808:
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4789:
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4772:
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4755:
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4739:National Bank
4737:
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4724:
4714:
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4515:Ruanda-Urundi
4513:
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4457:
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4419:
4417:9789970190010
4413:
4409:
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4400:
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4393:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4377:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4338:
4332:
4328:
4322:
4319:. Routledge.
4318:
4315:IISS (2016).
4313:
4310:
4306:
4304:
4303:1-56432-171-1
4300:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4276:Cooper, Tom,
4275:
4274:
4254:
4250:
4243:
4235:
4226:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4195:
4190:
4188:9781564322814
4184:
4180:
4173:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4117:
4111:
4097:on 2014-07-28
4093:
4086:
4080:
4065:
4058:
4043:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4018:
4004:on 2016-06-29
4003:
3999:
3993:
3978:on 2018-12-06
3977:
3973:
3967:
3951:
3945:
3927:
3923:
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3910:
3903:
3899:
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3889:
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3883:
3874:
3868:
3849:
3845:
3844:www.janes.com
3838:
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3659:
3658:The New Times
3653:
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3598:
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3575:
3568:
3562:
3555:
3552:Cooper, Tom,
3549:
3542:
3536:
3527:
3520:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3489:
3483:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3441:on 2009-10-22
3440:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3406:
3405:The New Times
3400:
3393:
3392:The New Times
3387:
3380:
3379:The New Times
3374:
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3361:
3354:
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3335:
3326:
3319:
3318:The New Times
3313:
3307:
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3275:
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3251:
3250:The New Times
3247:
3240:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3219:The New Times
3214:
3207:
3206:The New Times
3201:
3187:
3183:
3176:
3167:
3153:
3152:The New Times
3149:
3142:
3135:
3129:
3120:
3113:
3107:
3100:
3094:
3087:
3086:The New Times
3081:
3074:
3073:The New Times
3068:
3061:
3060:The New Times
3055:
3048:
3042:
3033:
3026:
3020:
3011:
2997:
2996:The New Times
2993:
2986:
2984:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2948:
2932:
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2913:
2906:
2901:
2884:
2878:
2869:
2861:
2859:9780299298203
2855:
2851:
2850:
2842:
2833:
2827:, pages 49–71
2826:
2822:
2816:
2809:
2808:1-56432-171-1
2805:
2801:
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2749:
2744:
2729:
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2716:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2675:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2660:military band
2657:
2650:The RDF Band.
2648:
2639:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
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2309:United States
2299:
2297:
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2288:
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2279:
2275:
2273:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2225:
2223:
2222:Assault rifle
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2188:
2186:
2185:Assault rifle
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2151:
2149:
2148:Assault rifle
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2114:
2112:
2111:Assault rifle
2109:
2107:
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2097:
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2059:
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2049:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:United States
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1946:
1944:
1941:
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1931:
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1924:
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1909:
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1896:
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1366:Manufacturer
1365:
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1339:
1335:
1330:
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1324:
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1319:Nord Noratlas
1316:
1312:
1308:
1307:Alouette IIIs
1304:
1295:
1287:
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730:
726:
721:
719:
714:
711:
709:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
685:Belgian Congo
682:
678:
677:Ruanda-Urundi
666:
661:
659:
654:
652:
647:
646:
644:
643:
637:
634:
631:
628:
627:
626:
625:
622:
621:2nd Congo War
618:
615:
614:
610:
607:
606:
603:
600:
599:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:Impuzamugambi
581:
580:
579:
578:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
562:
554:
552:
547:
545:
541:
538:, mainly the
537:
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511:
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487:
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379:
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371:
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342:
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318:
306:
294:
282:
270:
258:
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243:
240:
236:
232:
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226:
222:
220:
216:
211:
207:
203:
197:
191:
185:
181:Available for
179:
174:
171:
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158:
155:
153:
149:
146:
143:
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137:
134:
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84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
31:
19:
5348:Saint Helena
5292:Dependencies
5214:South Africa
5204:Sierra Leone
5183:
5009:Burkina Faso
4835:Prostitution
4800:Demographics
4670:
4654:Human rights
4639:Constitution
4407:
4367:
4336:
4316:
4308:
4284:
4277:
4271:Bibliography
4256:. Retrieved
4252:
4242:
4214:. Retrieved
4210:
4201:
4192:
4178:
4172:
4161:. Retrieved
4157:
4148:
4137:. Retrieved
4133:
4124:
4099:. Retrieved
4092:the original
4079:
4068:. Retrieved
4057:
4046:. Retrieved
4035:
4017:
4006:. Retrieved
4002:the original
3992:
3980:. Retrieved
3976:the original
3966:
3954:. Retrieved
3944:
3933:. Retrieved
3921:
3909:
3893:
3855:. Retrieved
3848:the original
3843:
3831:
3820:. Retrieved
3816:
3807:
3762:. Retrieved
3753:
3744:
3735:
3723:. Retrieved
3719:Flightglobal
3718:
3697:
3683:
3674:
3665:
3657:
3652:
3623:
3610:
3602:
3579:
3574:
3561:
3553:
3548:
3535:
3526:
3513:
3504:
3495:
3482:
3462:
3454:
3443:. Retrieved
3439:the original
3425:
3418:Rwanda Focus
3417:
3412:
3404:
3399:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3373:
3360:
3347:
3339:
3334:
3325:
3317:
3312:
3300:
3288:
3277:. Retrieved
3273:
3264:
3253:. Retrieved
3249:
3239:
3226:
3218:
3213:
3205:
3200:
3189:. Retrieved
3185:
3175:
3166:
3155:. Retrieved
3151:
3141:
3133:
3128:
3119:
3111:
3106:
3098:
3093:
3085:
3080:
3072:
3067:
3059:
3054:
3046:
3041:
3032:
3019:
3010:
2999:. Retrieved
2995:
2972:26 September
2970:. Retrieved
2965:
2956:
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2930:
2921:
2912:
2900:
2889:. Retrieved
2877:
2868:
2848:
2841:
2832:
2823:, hosted at
2815:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2743:
2731:. Retrieved
2722:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2653:
2572:
2531:Soviet Union
2420:Soviet Union
2383:South Africa
2365:Vektor SS-77
2346:Soviet Union
2259:Sniper rifle
2161:South Africa
2124:Soviet Union
2074:Battle rifle
1991:Soviet Union
1873:Armoured car
1838:Armoured car
1798:Otokar Cobra
1781:Soviet Union
1676:South Africa
1641:Soviet Union
1606:South Africa
1571:Soviet Union
1482:Aerospatiale
1450:Soviet Union
1405:Soviet Union
1350:
1333:
1331:
1302:
1300:
1246:
1229:
1179:
1143:
1131:
1084:
1050:
1031:Organisation
1018:
998:
997:
989:
988:
972:
971:
962:
961:
953:
952:
944:
943:
940:
931:
928:
924:
920:
916:
903:
894:Rusesabagina
885:
879:
858:
856:
844:
812:
805:
793:
760:
755:
737:
732:
722:
715:
712:
695:
693:
688:
674:
548:
539:
533:
518:
507:
483:
478:
462:
430:
426:
424:
367:
329:South Africa
107:Headquarters
82:Current form
18:Rwandan Army
5296:territories
5219:South Sudan
4659:LGBT rights
3725:10 February
2291:M2 Browning
2254:Zastava M76
1868:Panhard AML
1658:RG-31 Nyala
1378:In service
1338:Mil Mi-8/17
1253:Fabio Buzzi
1243:Marine Unit
1223:503 Brigade
1220:501 Brigade
1217:411 Brigade
1208:307 Brigade
1115:C-5 Galaxys
1099:Warsaw Pact
1069:Land Forces
832:Six-Day War
708:Gendarmerie
632:(1996–2001)
611:(1995–1996)
588:Interahamwe
435:Kinyarwanda
233:1.1% (2015)
213:Expenditure
145:Paul Kagame
39:Kinyarwanda
5374:Categories
5331:(Portugal)
5294:and other
5277:Somaliland
5199:Seychelles
5164:Mozambique
5149:Mauritania
5134:Madagascar
5089:The Gambia
5024:Cape Verde
4878:Literature
4825:Healthcare
4746:(currency)
4676:Parliament
4593:Ecoregions
4216:2019-10-24
4163:2019-10-24
4139:2019-10-24
4101:2014-07-20
4070:2017-06-04
4048:2020-01-19
4008:2016-07-08
3935:2018-12-07
3857:15 January
3822:2023-03-10
3764:23 October
3578:Munyaneza
3445:2009-11-17
3279:2024-08-26
3255:2023-12-13
3191:2023-12-13
3186:defenceWeb
3157:2023-12-13
3134:The Herald
3099:The Nation
3001:2023-12-13
2931:Defenceweb
2891:2019-10-24
2733:23 October
2575:foot drill
2432:7.62×54mmR
2358:12.7×108mm
2272:Yugoslavia
2044:Small arms
2008:105mm M101
1728:Panhard M3
1500:Helicopter
1455:Helicopter
1410:Helicopter
1129:aircraft.
913:Mozambique
869:rebels in
834:" against
781:Province.
779:North Kivu
733:genocidare
133:Leadership
5154:Mauritius
4873:Languages
4805:Education
4774:Transport
4703:President
4644:Elections
4608:Volcanoes
4576:Geography
4346:254366212
3956:1 October
3817:Janes.com
3800:IISS 2016
3678:Orth 2001
2715:IISS 2016
2697:0722-3226
2579:goosestep
2247:7.62x39mm
2180:IWI Tavor
2143:Vektor R5
2136:7.62x39mm
2013:Artillery
1978:Artillery
1588:Ratel IFV
1547:Quantity
1523:Equipment
1460:Transport
1344:and four
1342:Mil Mi-24
1267:Air Force
1249:Lake Kivu
1002:(MINUSCA)
840:Kisangani
567:militants
293:Indonesia
176:Personnel
5354: /
5350: /
5343:(France)
5338: /
5318: /
5314: /
5310: /
5306: /
5254:Zimbabwe
5229:Tanzania
5079:Ethiopia
5074:Eswatini
5054:Djibouti
5019:Cameroon
5004:Botswana
4933:Category
4840:Religion
4671:Military
4627:Politics
4613:Wildlife
4488:Timeline
4472:articles
4225:cite web
4134:Inkstone
4110:cite web
4066:. UNAMID
4025:Archived
3926:Archived
3867:cite web
2937:16 April
2670:Endnotes
2642:RDF Band
2631:Mandarin
2063:Caliber
1356:Aircraft
976:(UNMISS)
966:(UNAMID)
239:Industry
168:General
5340:Réunion
5336:Mayotte
5328:Madeira
5323:(Spain)
5312:Melilla
5239:Tunisia
5209:Somalia
5194:Senegal
5179:Nigeria
5169:Namibia
5159:Morocco
5124:Liberia
5119:Lesotho
5069:Eritrea
5039:Comoros
5014:Burundi
4989:Algeria
4917:Outline
4863:Cuisine
4855:Culture
4788:Society
4769:Tourism
4727:Economy
4480:History
3601:Cooper
3580:op cit.
2658:is the
2621:of the
2583:Central
2494:Belgium
2439:IMI Uzi
2087:Belgium
2057:Origin
1938:LAR-160
1541:Origin
1505:Utility
1432:Mi-8/17
1369:Origin
1164:Gisenyi
1009:Command
993:(MISCA)
957:(UNMIS)
836:Ugandan
756:cabinet
735:units.
525:Burundi
451:Swahili
364:History
353:Vietnam
193:Fit for
118:Website
74:Founded
55:Swahili
5282:Tigray
5249:Zambia
5244:Uganda
5184:Rwanda
5139:Malawi
5099:Guinea
4994:Angola
4820:Health
4754:Mining
4744:Franc
4681:Senate
4588:Cities
4470:
4468:Rwanda
4414:
4374:
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4301:
4258:Sep 6,
4185:
4022:Rwanda
3982:Sep 6,
3900:
3603:op cit
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2806:
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2591:Russia
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2060:Photo
2023:
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1953:
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1883:
1851:France
1848:
1827:30–49
1816:Turkey
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1778:
1763:BTR-60
1746:France
1743:
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1693:WZ-551
1673:
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1492:
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1415:Attack
1402:
1381:Photo
1372:Class
1323:SOCATA
1171:Butare
1157:Byumba
1150:Kigali
948:(AMIS)
882:Rwanda
575:(1994)
551:Rwanda
529:Uganda
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350:
341:Turkey
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317:Poland
314:
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302:
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219:Budget
208:33,000
112:Kigali
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5308:Ceuta
5224:Sudan
5174:Niger
5129:Libya
5114:Kenya
5094:Ghana
5084:Gabon
5059:Egypt
4999:Benin
4924:Index
4898:Sport
4888:Music
4883:Media
4598:Lakes
4503:kings
4353:1969.
4095:(PDF)
4088:(PDF)
3929:(PDF)
3918:(PDF)
3851:(PDF)
3840:(PDF)
2886:(PDF)
2689:XXXII
2599:Chile
2595:China
2513:RPG-7
2235:China
2054:Type
2051:Name
1903:RM-70
1711:China
1623:BMP-1
1538:Type
1535:Name
1387:Mi-24
1375:Role
1363:Type
1036:Ranks
847:MONUC
775:Congo
763:Zaire
738:Col.
488:is:
413:Ranks
281:India
269:China
5234:Togo
5144:Mali
5034:Chad
4868:Flag
4412:ISBN
4372:ISBN
4342:OCLC
4321:ISBN
4299:ISBN
4260:2019
4234:help
4183:ISBN
4116:link
3984:2019
3958:2012
3898:ISBN
3873:link
3859:2022
3766:2014
3727:2017
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