2428:
1161:
977:
2031:
2061:
2016:
1926:
1911:
1836:
1956:
86:
1986:
1881:
2046:
1971:
1851:
1821:
1896:
1866:
1941:
2001:
3446:
1799:
22 ft 2 in) above rails. Minimum overhead wiring height for double stacking, standard gauge railways shall be 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in), and Indian gauge railways shall be 7.45 m (24 ft 5 in) above rails, respectively. This would apply to Russia and Europe (or North
America), rather than to Russia and China (or Iran).
1794:
must be raised. Or there must be restrictions on permitted rolling stock, which would restrict the benefit of such a railway. Dual gauge needs more width than single gauge. For double stacking on
Russian gauge tracks, maximum height shall be 6.15 or 6.4 m (20 ft 2 in or 21 ft
1798:
For standard gauge railways, double stacking maximum height shall be 6.15 m (20 ft 2 in). For Indian gauge railways, double stacking maximum height shall be 7.1 m (23 ft 4 in), and minimum overhead wiring height shall be 6.5 or 6.75 m (21 ft 4 in or
1406:
chose a gauge broader than standard gauge for military reasons, namely to prevent potential invaders from using the rail system. The
Russian military recognized as early as 1841 that operations to disrupt railway track did not depend on the gauge, and should instead focus on destroying
1570:) gauge. During canal construction (1904–1914), this same gauge was chosen for both construction traffic, canal operating services along the quays, and the newly routed commercial cross-isthmus railway. In 2000 the gauge for the commercial parallel railway was
1725:, to match Finland's gauge. The redefinition did not mean that all the railways in Estonia were changed immediately. It was more a rule change, so that all renovated old tracks and new railways would be constructed in 1,524 mm gauge from then on. (See
1527:) gauge simultaneously with the Russian gauge railway, constructed in the northern part of the island in 1930-1932 (Moskalvo-Okha). The railway has no fixed connection with the mainland. Before 2019, rail cars coming from the mainland port of
1398:
At the time, questions of continuity with the
European network did not arise. By the time difficulties arose in connecting the Prussian railroads to the Russian ones in Warsaw in the 1850s, it was too late to change.
5651:
3768:. Contrary to Lotysz's claim that "some railway historians" promote the myth, its only trace in the academic literature appears to be persistent warnings against the folklore. See, e.g.,
5858:
5671:
3367:
2840:
is proposed for the east of Kerman, the south of
Mashhad, and the north and east of Chabahar, whereas the north and west of Tehran and the south and west of Estafan will continue the
1786:, which defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads, is larger for Russian gauge. This means that if a standard gauge railway, in Europe, is adapted for
5696:
1600:
equipment. The original gauge was chosen under the influence of the pre-conversion southern United States railway companies. The electric manoeuvering locomotives along the locks (
1648:). However the railway systems were not connected until the bridge over the River Neva was built in 1913. Russian trains could not have run on Finnish tracks, because the Finnish
5886:
5783:
5778:
2935:
4046:
5891:
5743:
5896:
5843:
5813:
5773:
5753:
5733:
5636:
2762:
5748:
5592:
4200:
5876:
5828:
5798:
5656:
4091:
5853:
5803:
5763:
5716:
5711:
5701:
5686:
5676:
5661:
5646:
5641:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
3341:
5881:
5838:
5818:
5793:
5788:
5768:
5738:
5706:
5691:
5666:
5833:
5758:
5728:
5508:
5434:
2679:
2442:
848:
52:
4705:
3375:
4607:
339:
1155:
997:) first appeared in the United Kingdom and the United States. This gauge became commonly known as "Russian gauge", because the government of the
3984:
The nominal track gauge on the rail network 1,524 mm. The max tolerance range in lowest quality lines (class 6, max speed 50 km/h) is −7…+20 mm
691:
5585:
3996:
3961:
1703:
remained unaltered, the result was an increased speed and stability. The conversion took place between 1970 and the beginning of the 1990s.
5188:
4232:
1770:) railways is allowed. Since both 1,520 and 1,524 mm tolerances overlap, the difference is negligible. The international high-speed
2427:
4896:
3944:
1180:
447:
4056:
3789:
5578:
3363:
2084:
832:
5917:
5544:
5164:
5052:
2352:). Warsaw's tramway system, constructed with 1525 mm gauge, was regauged to 1435 mm during post-WWII reconstruction.
2234:
5449:
4070:
5721:
4305:
3818:
5444:
4260:
5549:
1619:
3572:
1267:). The Tsarskoye Selo railway's success proved that a larger gauge could be viable for railways isolated from the extant
4667:
1519:
from Japan did not result in regauging of the railway system. Southern
Sakhalin has continued with the original Japanese
1338:
1026:
With about 225,000 km (140,000 mi) of track, 1,520 mm is the second-most common gauge in the world, after
759:
5439:
4153:
3896:
3805:"Provisional Convention ... concerning the junction of the Japanese and Russian Railways in Manchuria" - June 13, 1907.
4974:
4743:
3870:
2985:
1737:
Finland allows its gauge to be 1,520–1,529 mm on first class lines (classes 1AA and 1A, speed 220–160 km/h).
1002:
4539:
1550:
There were proposals in 2013 for north-south and east-west lines in
Afghanistan, with construction to start in 2013.
1428:
272:
3096:
5539:
4414:
4225:
3459:
2137:
1151:
186:
5927:
5922:
5523:
62:
5559:
4870:
4409:
3930:
3703:
3499:
173:
146:
5316:
5554:
4051:
3487:
3033:
2993:
2092:
1196:
415:
17:
5932:
4832:
4256:
3834:
3386:
1512:
1099:
976:
956:
951:
5226:
4218:
3495:
3287:
3297:
5386:
4806:
4268:
4176:
3968:
3307:
1532:
1354:
1248:
1001:
chose it in 1843. Former areas and states of the Empire have inherited this standard. However in 1970,
113:
5518:
5513:
5485:
3117:
2783:
2773:
1696:
1625:
1297:
928:
57:
47:
5214:
4858:
4693:
4478:
3409:
3277:
2889:
2878:
2495:
2343:
1496:, the station just to the north of Changchun, still in Russian hands, until the rest of the former
1479:
1350:
1346:
1095:
743:
399:
256:
85:
4000:
5278:
4794:
4769:
3640:
Haywood, R. M. (March 1969). "The
Question of a Standard Gauge for Russian Railways, 1836-1860".
2758:
2457:
2411:
in
Finland that utilizes a unique track gauge of 1,522 mm, falls between the Russian gauge (
1528:
1508:
1497:
1467:
1435:
1135:
966:
816:
431:
1718:), even though they also have tightened the tolerances in a similar way, but to a higher level.
5823:
5480:
5104:
4927:
3257:
3086:
2981:
2874:
2392:
1726:
1707:
1629:
1571:
1544:
1501:
1471:
1443:
1327:
1208:
1192:
1103:
923:
789:
618:
483:
229:
5681:
5413:
5290:
4545:
4490:
4426:
2183:
1692:
1601:
1256:
1220:
961:
299:
202:
102:
3785:
Luis
Jackson, Industrial Commissioner of the Erie Railway. "Rambles in Japan and China." In
1207:
gauge track existed in the United States, almost all of the railroads using that gauge were
1195:
adopted this gauge. The presence of several distinct gauges was a major disadvantage to the
5848:
5808:
5429:
5000:
4583:
4401:
4341:
4280:
4246:
2950:
2432:
1721:
After its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Estonia redefined its track gauge to
1559:
531:
135:
72:
3941:
3761:
3589:
2311:
2160:
are broad gauge (according to terminology in use in these countries, gauges narrower than
8:
4966:
4571:
4329:
4317:
3786:
3198:
3107:
3001:
1812:
The primary countries currently using the gauge of 5 ft or 1,520 mm, include:
1516:
1342:
520:
369:
326:
3610:
3542:
2613:
Dual gauge between Russian gauge and another similar gauge can make these bonus gauges.
2431:
Mixed between 1,524 mm (5 ft) and another similar gauge, result the bonus gauge is
2182:) are considered to be narrow). Many tramway networks initially built to narrow gauges (
1740:
If the rolling stock's tolerance is kept within certain limits, through running between
3852:
3743:
3665:
3657:
3419:
2353:
2157:
1493:
1463:
1200:
4130:
4789:
4717:
3926:
3814:
3699:
3683:
3680:
The beginnings of railway development in Russia in the reign of Nicholas I, 1835-1842
3669:
3082:
2989:
2114:
1901:
3726:
Siddall, William R. (January 1969). "Railroad Gauges and Spatial Interaction".
5570:
5078:
5026:
3735:
3649:
3546:
3352:
3209:
2997:
2954:
2339:
2129:
2080:
1240:
588:
558:
4092:"Russia and North Korea sign deal to complete Khasan-Rajin railway reconstruction"
3835:"Сахалинская узкоколейная железная дорога (The narrow-gauge railways of Sakhalin)"
4180:
3948:
3808:
3793:
3576:
3267:
3128:
2828:
Proposed for the south and east of Tehran and the north and east of Estafan. The
1771:
1653:
1637:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1345:
for the building of Russia's first major railway. The team included devotees of
1331:
1301:
1068:
5492:
5470:
5465:
4935:
4189:
4022:
3569:
3522:
3429:
3194:
3148:
3059:
2958:
2939:
2893:
2863:
2817:
2787:
2727:
2723:
2595:
2531:
2507:
2408:
2357:
2233:) were converted to broad gauge. As of 2015, only a few out of more than sixty
2110:
1633:
1597:
1536:
1489:
1475:
1416:
1293:
1244:
1160:
1130:
1050:
998:
935:
913:
908:
1790:, bridges must be rebuilt, double tracks must be placed further apart and the
5911:
5338:
5252:
4641:
4452:
3900:
3451:
3329:
3036:: The northern spur lines from CIS states. For Afghanistan's future network,
2469:
2400:
2384:
2307:
2272:
2118:
1791:
1783:
1774:'s gauge between Helsinki and St. Petersburg was specified as 1,522 mm.
1700:
1649:
1176:
874:
4116:
3398:
3071:
2837:
2813:
2388:
2036:
3698:. East European Monographs. Boulder, CO: Columbia University Press. 1998.
5601:
4635:
4241:
3132:
2315:
2280:
2242:
2229:
1447:
986:
33:
3997:"Allegro high speed Pendolino train at Finland station in St Petersburg"
3687:
3232:
5475:
3661:
3321:
3144:
3005:
2450:
2396:
2276:
2246:
2149:
2066:
2021:
1931:
1916:
1841:
1787:
1640:
where railways were also built to the (5 ft) broad track gauge of
1088:
918:
3838:
3747:
1341:, built in 1842. There, the Tsar established a committee to recommend
4210:
3325:
3247:
2970:
2098:
There is an approximately 150 km long section in Hungary in the
2088:
1961:
1455:
1439:
1330:, with the express intention of allowing through-freight trains into
1139:
1084:
3653:
2099:
1459:
3739:
3236:
3220:
1991:
3806:
3483:
3371:
2103:
2051:
1976:
1886:
1871:
1856:
1826:
1540:
1470:
from Changchun to Lüshun was lost to the Japanese, who promptly
1349:, who pushed to continue the Tsarskoye Selo gauge, and engineer
3491:
3479:
3224:
2006:
1946:
1547:
it to the Russian gauge. The conversion was completed in 2019.
1451:
1357:, a prominent American railway engineer. Whistler recommended
1252:
3185:
Several short stretches from Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan.
3151:
with standard gauge ones, and parallel transhipping tracks of
2143:
3228:
3136:
1080:
4173:
4071:"Megújult a széles nyomtávolságú vágány a záhonyi térségben"
2109:
Following renovations in 2014, a 32 km section of dual
1652:
was narrower, until the connection was made and the Finnish
1438:, built in the closing years of the 19th century across the
3140:
2153:
4190:"Railway gauge width : 1 519 / 1 520 / 1 524 / 1 525"
3445:
1419:
did pose some amount of obstacle to the invading Germans.
4154:"Agreement on Arctic Railway Planning and Implementation"
3967:. Finnish Rail Administration. p. 56. Archived from
1337:
The modern Russian railway network solidified around the
1171:) gauge rail network in the Southern United States (1861)
3675:
See also Haywood's full-length monographs on this topic,
1203:. In 1886, when around 11,500 miles (18,500 km) of
4117:"Tramwaje Warszawskie - rozwój sieci - lata 1990-2006"
1239:) gauge, 17 km long experimental line connecting
4201:"Traffic between Finland and Russia in 2020 and 2030"
3193:
A short section linking the assembly building to the
1365:) on the basis that it was cheaper to construct than
5600:
3441:
2136:
from the Ukrainian border to the eastern end of the
2079:
Short sections of Russian or 5 ft gauge extend
1628:
was opened in January 1862. As Finland was then the
3845:
1292:In 1840, work started on the second railway in the
4152:Trellevik, Siri Gulliksen Tømmerbakke From Amund.
4133:(in Finnish and English). Finnish Railway Society
2973:. Used for exchanging cargo with Finnish trains.
1488:) for a short time during the war. This formed a
1231:In 1837, the first railway built in Russia was a
5909:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3014:
2739:
3564:
3562:
1610:gauge that was laid during canal construction.
1156:Confederate railroads in the American Civil War
2027:
1562:, first constructed in ca. 1850, was built in
5586:
4226:
4039:
3862:
3853:"История железных дорог – филиалов ОАО "РЖД""
3712:
1669:In the late 1960s the gauge was redefined to
1543:. In 2004 and 2008 plans were put forward to
3559:
3227:ferry terminal for freight train ferries to
2699: in) (the maximum bonus gauge from the
2057:
2012:
1922:
1907:
1832:
1691:) in the Soviet Union. At the same time the
1427:The 5-foot gauge became the standard in the
4084:
3682:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 1969.
3364:(Uzhhorod - Maťovce - Haniska pri Košiciach
2275:. There are two tram systems in and around
2144:Use in rapid transit and light rail systems
1952:
5593:
5579:
4233:
4219:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3871:"Afghan railway ambitions awarded funding"
3827:
3807:Endowment for International Peace (2009).
3734:(1). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 40.
3062:for the western spur lines from Iran, and
1982:
1535:, operating since 1973, had to have their
1504:to standard gauge, probably in the 1930s.
1181:South Carolina Canal and Rail Road Company
4047:"Construction of Afghan railway launched"
3954:
3915:
3799:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
2042:
1967:
1892:
1877:
1862:
1847:
1817:
1462:, used Russian gauge. As a result of the
3999:. Alstom. 7 October 2010. Archived from
3696:Russia enters the railway age, 1842–1855
3582:
2426:
1997:
1937:
1251:. The choice of gauge was influenced by
1159:
4063:
3989:
3935:
3884:
3773:
3769:
3725:
3639:
3535:
1226:
1005:re-defined the gauge as 1,520 mm (
14:
5910:
4240:
4145:
4109:
3779:
3624:
3515:
3472:
2961:in 2000 to suit off-the-shelf supply.
2156:worldwide, almost all tramways in the
2148:Although broad gauge is quite rare on
1450:. The railway's southern branch, from
1145:
1079:) gauge for the shipment of coal from
1062:
5574:
4214:
4151:
2387:systems in the former USSR, like the
2113:/Russian gauge was installed between
1695:were tightened. As the running gear (
1191:) gauge. Many other railroads in the
3500:March 2014 Crimean status referendum
1620:History of rail transport in Finland
1442:entry to provide a shortcut for the
1102:was built. In 1844, both lines were
4098:. Verdict Media Limited. 2013-06-17
3962:"Ratatekniset määräykset ja ohjeet"
3362:Only on the "Širokorozchodná trať"
2537:These gauges are within tolerance.
2087:, Sweden (at the Finnish border at
24:
3813:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 108.
3810:Manchuria: Treaties and Agreements
3787:Railway and Locomotive Engineering
3603:
2986:Cartersville and Van Wert Railroad
1415:. However, in both World Wars the
1289:) gauge Western European network.
25:
5944:
4167:
3796:, vol. 26 (March 1913), pp. 91-92
3611:"The Days They Changed the Gauge"
3366:) and from the border station of
2422:
2074:
1802:
1434:Russian engineers used it on the
1395:). His advice won over the Tsar.
3925:) (Karttakeskus 2009), page 390
3460:The Museum of the Moscow Railway
3444:
2449:These gauges cannot make 3-rail
2407:). Outside the former USSR, the
2138:Upper Silesian Industrial Region
2059:
2044:
2029:
2014:
1999:
1984:
1969:
1954:
1939:
1924:
1909:
1894:
1879:
1864:
1849:
1834:
1819:
1807:
1777:
1710:kept the original definition of
1664:
1613:
1152:Track gauge in the United States
975:
84:
4123:
4015:
3921:Jussi Iltanen: Radan varrella (
3482:, a territory disputed between
2994:Western & Atlantic Railroad
1632:, an autonomous state ruled in
1553:
1373:) and cheaper to maintain than
1339:Saint Petersburg–Moscow railway
3868:
3754:
3097:Košice-Vienna broad-gauge line
2685:2,503 mm (8 ft
1219:), the gauge then used by the
1098:was constructed. In 1840, the
985:Railways with a railway track
13:
1:
5918:Rail infrastructure in Russia
4131:"Perustietoja ja metroasemat"
4052:Railway Gazette International
3509:
3488:Autonomous Republic of Crimea
3034:Rail transport in Afghanistan
3015:Railways using 1,520 mm gauge
2969:Only a small freight yard in
2740:Railways using 1,524 mm gauge
1732:
1402:A persistent myth holds that
1197:Confederate States of America
400:Three foot six inch
5423:List of track gauge articles
4055:. 2010-01-27. Archived from
3568:1520 Strategic Partnership,
3387:Rail transport in Tajikistan
3197:launcher launch pad, at the
2132:Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa
2128:gauge railway is the Polish
2102:logistics area close to the
1659:
1431:and later the Soviet Union.
1422:
1179:, the chief engineer of the
1100:Northern and Eastern Railway
432:Four foot six inch
7:
4410:2 foot and 600 mm
3437:
3368:Dobrá pri Čiernej nad Tisou
3342:Broad Gauge Metallurgy Line
3288:Rail transport in Lithuania
10:
5949:
4174:1520 Strategic Partnership
4096:www.railway-technology.com
3401:is proposed for the East.
3340:Almost exclusively on the
3308:Rail transport in Mongolia
2734:
1617:
1533:Vanino-Kholmsk train ferry
1355:George Washington Whistler
1183:, prescribed the usage of
1149:
1057:
5867:
5609:
5532:
5501:
5458:
5435:List of tram track gauges
5422:
5211:, Pennsylvania gauge
4965:
4926:
4400:
4387:1 ft 10 in
4255:
3590:"Waggonway & Railway"
3478:Yevpatoria is located in
3389:: Most in the West; Also
3317:A 32-km stretch of 1,435/
3118:Rail transport in Belarus
2996:, until 31 May 1886. The
2784:Rail transport in Finland
2774:Rail transport in Estonia
2121:stations in North Korea.
1478:, after using the narrow
785:
687:
644:
527:
518:
510:
473:
268:
198:
142:
133:
125:
100:
92:
83:
5450:Large amusement railways
5280:5 ft 6 in
5216:5 ft 3 in
4867:), almost standard gauge
4860:4 ft 8 in
4796:4 ft 6 in
4782:4 ft 1 in
4712:3 ft 7 in
4695:3 ft 6 in
4480:2 ft 6 in
4416:2 ft 3 in
3543:"Broad Gauge Track-1520"
3465:
3410:Railways in Turkmenistan
3395:5 ft 6 in
3278:Rail transport in Latvia
3068:5 ft 6 in
2940:Nikel-Kirkenes-Rovaniemi
2926:) in Northern Hokkaido.
2890:Sakhalin-Hokkaido tunnel
2879:Second Falcon Cliff lift
2834:5 ft 6 in
2502:5 ft 3 in
2464:5 ft 6 in
2350:3 ft 6 in
1795:0 in) above rails.
1539:in the Sakhalin port of
1525:3 ft 6 in
1481:3 ft 6 in
1347:Franz Anton von Gerstner
1213:4 ft 9 in
1096:Eastern Counties Railway
5249:), Baltimore gauge
4958:, Stephenson gauge
3942:Estonian railways today
3579:, retrieved 2008-07-20.
2759:Chinese Eastern Railway
1762:) railways and Finnish
1498:Chinese Eastern Railway
1436:Chinese Eastern Railway
1136:East Hill Cliff Railway
5928:1520 mm gauge railways
5923:Russian gauge railways
5652:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5445:Minimum-gauge railways
5161:), Russian gauge.
4261:Minimum-gauge railways
3923:tr. "Along the track "
3792:29 August 2016 at the
3575:7 October 2008 at the
3258:Kazakhstan Temir Zholy
3087:South Caucasus Railway
2875:Laxey Browside Tramway
2446:
2393:Saint Petersburg Metro
2356:, built in 2021, uses
2235:tram systems in Russia
1727:Track gauge in Estonia
1708:Finnish State Railways
1630:Grand Duchy of Finland
1492:between Changchun and
1444:Trans-Siberian Railway
1193:Southern United States
1172:
5560:lists of track gauges
5414:Krasnoyarsk ship lift
5387:Lärchwandschrägaufzug
5275:), Iberian gauge
5127:), Toronto gauge
4158:www.highnorthnews.com
3841:on November 15, 2013.
3149:changing wagon bogies
2936:Kolari-Skibotn-Tromsø
2892:(proposed), with the
2430:
2237:are not broad gauge:
1511:, the Soviet Union's
1298:Warsaw–Vienna railway
1257:Great Western Railway
1221:Pennsylvania Railroad
1163:
5604:in Europe by country
5430:List of track gauges
5335:), Brunel gauge
5287:), Indian gauge
4829:), Scotch gauge
4803:), Scotch gauge
3947:3 March 2016 at the
3897:"Historic reference"
2951:Panama Canal Railway
2453:with Russian gauge.
1624:The first rail line
1560:Panama Canal Railway
1468:southernmost section
1227:Russian Empire, 1842
744:Five foot three inch
5933:5 ft gauge railways
5868:States with limited
5509:Tram and light rail
5223:), Irish gauge
4608:Italian metre gauge
3855:. Russian Railways.
3762:Narrowing is easier
3760:Lotysz, Slawomir. "
3728:Geographical Review
3374:, both operated by
3199:Guiana Space Center
3131:ferry terminal for
3108:Azerbaijan Railways
3002:Monongahela Incline
2896:facilities between
2403:use Russian gauge (
1353:and his consultant
1343:technical standards
1146:United States, 1827
1063:Great Britain, 1748
532:Italian broad gauge
187:Two foot three inch
27:Railway track gauge
5440:Miniature railways
4540:Swedish three foot
4179:2009-10-16 at the
3693: •
3677: •
3496:Republic of Crimea
3420:Ukrainian Railways
3022:Country/territory
2877:(closed by 1914),
2747:Country/territory
2447:
2415:) and broad gauge
2383:Underground urban
1466:of 1904-1905, its
1464:Russo-Japanese War
1440:Northeastern China
1201:American Civil War
1173:
817:Five foot six inch
718:Pennsylvania gauge
692:Pennsylvania gauge
273:Swedish three foot
5905:
5904:
5568:
5567:
5545:by imperial units
5459:Gauge differences
4790:Middleton Railway
4250:
4184:www.forum1520.com
3820:978-1-113-11167-8
3435:
3434:
3083:Armenian Railways
3012:
3011:
2990:Cherokee Railroad
2820:(1,435 mm))
2124:The most western
1517:southern Sakhalin
983:
982:
896:
895:
257:Two foot six inch
40:By transport mode
16:(Redirected from
5940:
5610:Sovereign states
5595:
5588:
5581:
5572:
5571:
5481:Gauge conversion
5411:
5409:
5408:
5404:
5401:
5396:29 ft
5393:
5384:
5382:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5369:26 ft
5366:
5361:), Breitspurbahn
5360:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5341:
5334:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5313:), De Arend
5312:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5302:
5293:
5286:
5281:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5255:
5248:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5236:
5233:
5222:
5217:
5210:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5186:
5181:
5179:
5178:
5174:
5171:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5153:
5150:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5126:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5114:
5111:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5081:
5074:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5029:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5011:
5003:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4977:
4957:
4952:
4950:
4949:
4945:
4942:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4899:
4892:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4877:
4866:
4861:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4802:
4797:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4772:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4755:
4746:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4729:
4720:
4713:
4708:
4701:
4696:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4670:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4656:
4653:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4625:
4622:
4614:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4595:
4586:
4579:
4574:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4548:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4518:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4493:
4486:
4481:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4467:
4464:
4455:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4441:
4438:
4429:
4422:
4417:
4392:
4388:
4382:
4378:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4344:
4337:
4332:
4325:
4320:
4313:
4308:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4283:
4276:
4271:
4244:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4212:
4211:
4204:
4203:. 18 March 2013.
4193:
4162:
4161:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3966:
3958:
3952:
3939:
3933:
3919:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3899:. Archived from
3893:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3866:
3860:
3859:
3856:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3837:. Archived from
3831:
3825:
3824:
3803:
3797:
3783:
3777:
3766:Inventing Europe
3758:
3752:
3751:
3723:
3710:
3709:
3691:
3673:
3637:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3586:
3580:
3570:About gauge 1520
3566:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3547:Russian Railways
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3519:
3503:
3476:
3454:
3449:
3448:
3396:
3392:
3353:Russian Railways
3320:
3210:Georgian Railway
3176:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3158:
3154:
3069:
3065:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3039:
3019:
3018:
3008:, Pennsylvania.
2998:Duquesne Incline
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2843:
2835:
2831:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2793:
2763:Rail North China
2744:
2743:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2619:
2607:
2603:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2573:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2552:
2544:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2519:
2510:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2440:
2435:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2346:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2318:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2283:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2252:
2240:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2163:
2150:lighter railways
2127:
2091:), and northern
2085:eastern Slovakia
2069:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1743:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1706:In Finland, the
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1672:
1647:
1643:
1609:
1606:) still use the
1595:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1526:
1522:
1487:
1482:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1307:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1241:Saint Petersburg
1238:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1190:
1186:
1170:
1166:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1109:
1078:
1074:
1053:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1012:
996:
992:
979:
891:
890:
886:
865:
864:
860:
810:
809:
805:
802:
780:
779:
775:
772:
737:
736:
732:
729:
712:
711:
707:
704:
669:
668:
664:
661:
639:
638:
634:
631:
609:
608:
604:
601:
579:
578:
574:
571:
552:
551:
547:
544:
505:
504:
500:
497:
468:
467:
463:
460:
390:
389:
385:
382:
360:
359:
355:
352:
320:
319:
315:
312:
293:
292:
288:
285:
250:
249:
245:
242:
223:
222:
218:
215:
167:
166:
162:
159:
88:
81:
80:
30:
29:
21:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5887:Northern Cyprus
5869:
5863:
5784:North Macedonia
5605:
5599:
5569:
5564:
5550:by metric units
5528:
5497:
5454:
5418:
5406:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5379:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:9 ft
5344:
5339:
5332:
5324:
5320:
5319:
5318:7 ft
5317:
5307:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5297:6 ft
5296:
5291:
5284:
5279:
5269:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5259:5 ft
5258:
5253:
5246:
5238:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5228:5 ft
5227:
5220:
5215:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5190:5 ft
5189:
5184:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5166:5 ft
5165:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5145:4 ft
5144:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5124:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5106:4 ft
5105:
5095:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5085:4 ft
5084:
5079:
5072:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5054:4 ft
5053:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5033:4 ft
5032:
5027:
5016:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5006:4 ft
5005:
5001:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4981:4 ft
4980:
4975:
4961:
4955:
4947:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4937:4 ft
4936:
4922:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4903:4 ft
4902:
4897:
4890:
4882:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4872:4 ft
4871:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4834:4 ft
4833:
4826:
4818:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4808:4 ft
4807:
4800:
4795:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4770:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4750:3 ft
4749:
4744:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4724:3 ft
4723:
4718:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4694:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:3 ft
4673:
4668:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4648:3 ft
4647:
4642:
4634:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4617:3 ft
4616:
4612:
4600:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4590:3 ft
4589:
4584:
4577:
4572:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:2 ft
4551:
4546:
4538:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:2 ft
4520:
4516:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4497:2 ft
4496:
4491:
4484:
4479:
4469:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4459:2 ft
4458:
4453:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:2 ft
4432:
4427:
4420:
4415:
4396:
4390:
4386:
4380:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4342:
4335:
4330:
4323:
4318:
4311:
4306:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4274:
4269:
4259:
4251:
4239:
4199:
4195:www.parovoz.com
4188:
4181:Wayback Machine
4170:
4165:
4150:
4146:
4136:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4101:
4099:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4031:
4029:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4006:
4004:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3949:Wayback Machine
3940:
3936:
3920:
3916:
3906:
3904:
3903:on 4 March 2016
3895:
3894:
3885:
3875:
3873:
3869:UK, DVV Media.
3867:
3863:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3804:
3800:
3794:Wayback Machine
3784:
3780:
3759:
3755:
3724:
3713:
3706:
3694:
3692:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3654:10.2307/2493039
3638:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3583:
3577:Wayback Machine
3567:
3560:
3551:
3549:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3450:
3443:
3440:
3394:
3390:
3318:
3268:Kyrgyz Railways
3171:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:4 ft
3160:
3156:
3152:
3067:
3063:
3052:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:4 ft
3041:
3037:
3017:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2910:4 ft
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:4 ft
2845:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:4 ft
2795:
2791:
2761:(until 1930s);
2742:
2737:
2728:gauntlet tracks
2722:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:4 ft
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2666:7 ft
2665:
2661:
2655:
2651:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:6 ft
2631:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2605:
2601:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:4 ft
2575:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:4 ft
2546:
2542:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2514:4 ft
2513:
2508:
2501:
2496:
2492:) Iberian gauge
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2476:5 ft
2475:
2470:
2463:
2458:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2364:4 ft
2363:
2358:
2354:Tampere tramway
2349:
2344:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2322:3 ft
2321:
2316:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2287:3 ft
2286:
2281:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:4 ft
2254:
2250:
2238:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:3 ft
2211:
2207:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:2 ft
2189:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:4 ft
2165:
2161:
2146:
2125:
2077:
2072:
2060:
2058:
2045:
2043:
2030:
2028:
2015:
2013:
2000:
1998:
1985:
1983:
1970:
1968:
1955:
1953:
1940:
1938:
1925:
1923:
1910:
1908:
1895:
1893:
1880:
1878:
1865:
1863:
1850:
1848:
1835:
1833:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1780:
1767:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:4 ft
1745:
1741:
1735:
1722:
1715:
1711:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:4 ft
1674:
1670:
1667:
1662:
1654:structure gauge
1645:
1641:
1638:Imperial Russia
1622:
1616:
1607:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1580:4 ft
1579:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1524:
1520:
1509:South Manchuria
1485:
1480:
1425:
1404:Imperial Russia
1389:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1379:4 ft
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1332:Austria-Hungary
1320:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:4 ft
1309:
1305:
1302:Congress Poland
1283:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:4 ft
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1188:
1184:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1148:
1134:. In 1903, the
1129:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:4 ft
1111:
1107:
1076:
1072:
1071:was built to a
1069:Wylam waggonway
1065:
1060:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1032:4 ft
1031:
1027:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:4 ft
1006:
1003:Soviet Railways
994:
990:
901:Change of gauge
888:
884:
883:
862:
858:
857:
807:
803:
800:
798:
777:
773:
770:
768:
760:Baltimore gauge
734:
730:
727:
725:
709:
705:
702:
700:
666:
662:
659:
657:
636:
632:
629:
627:
606:
602:
599:
597:
576:
572:
569:
567:
549:
545:
542:
540:
511:
502:
498:
495:
493:
474:
465:
461:
458:
456:
387:
383:
380:
378:
357:
353:
350:
348:
317:
313:
310:
308:
290:
286:
283:
281:
247:
243:
240:
238:
220:
216:
213:
211:
164:
160:
157:
155:
126:
93:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5946:
5936:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5865:
5864:
5862:
5861:
5859:United Kingdom
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5672:Czech Republic
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5598:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5575:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5502:Transport mode
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5493:Variable gauge
5490:
5489:
5488:
5478:
5473:
5471:Break of gauge
5468:
5466:Bogie exchange
5462:
5460:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5389:
5362:
5336:
5314:
5288:
5276:
5250:
5224:
5212:
5162:
5128:
5102:
5076:
5050:
5024:
4998:
4971:
4969:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4932:
4930:
4928:Standard gauge
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4894:
4868:
4856:
4830:
4804:
4792:
4779:
4767:
4741:
4715:
4703:
4691:
4665:
4639:
4610:
4581:
4569:
4543:
4514:
4488:
4476:
4450:
4424:
4412:
4406:
4404:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4394:
4384:
4374:
4364:
4339:
4327:
4315:
4303:
4278:
4265:
4263:
4253:
4252:
4238:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4197:
4186:
4169:
4168:External links
4166:
4164:
4163:
4144:
4122:
4108:
4083:
4062:
4059:on 2010-03-03.
4038:
4014:
4003:on 7 July 2011
3988:
3953:
3934:
3914:
3883:
3861:
3844:
3826:
3819:
3798:
3778:
3753:
3740:10.2307/213081
3711:
3704:
3623:
3602:
3581:
3558:
3534:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3439:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:Uzbek Railways
3427:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3330:Rajin Stations
3315:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3074:are proposed.
3060:standard gauge
3031:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3009:
2984:, such as the
2979:
2978:United States
2975:
2974:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:standard gauge
2948:
2944:
2943:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2894:break-of-gauge
2887:
2883:
2882:
2881:(closed 1990)
2872:
2868:
2867:
2864:standard gauge
2826:
2822:
2821:
2818:standard gauge
2788:Helsinki Metro
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2724:standard gauge
2683:
2659:
2649:
2625:
2611:
2610:
2598:
2596:Helsinki Metro
2568:
2535:
2534:
2532:standard gauge
2505:
2493:
2467:
2466:) Indian gauge
2424:
2423:Similar gauges
2421:
2409:Helsinki Metro
2308:Helsinki trams
2145:
2142:
2076:
2075:Extended usage
2073:
2071:
2070:
2055:
2040:
2025:
2010:
1995:
1980:
1965:
1950:
1935:
1920:
1905:
1890:
1875:
1860:
1845:
1830:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:Current status
1801:
1779:
1776:
1734:
1731:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1634:personal union
1618:Main article:
1615:
1612:
1598:standard gauge
1555:
1552:
1537:bogies changed
1490:break of gauge
1476:standard gauge
1429:Russian Empire
1424:
1421:
1417:break of gauge
1351:Pavel Melnikov
1328:standard gauge
1294:Russian Empire
1245:Tsarskoye Selo
1228:
1225:
1147:
1144:
1142:, was opened.
1131:standard gauge
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1051:standard gauge
999:Russian Empire
981:
980:
972:
971:
970:
969:
964:
959:
954:
946:
945:
941:
940:
939:
938:
936:Variable gauge
933:
932:
931:
921:
916:
914:Break of gauge
911:
909:Bogie exchange
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
880:
877:
872:
868:
867:
854:
851:
846:
842:
841:
838:
835:
830:
826:
825:
822:
819:
813:
812:
795:
792:
787:
783:
782:
765:
762:
757:
753:
752:
749:
746:
740:
739:
722:
719:
715:
714:
697:
694:
689:
685:
684:
681:
678:
672:
671:
654:
651:
646:
642:
641:
624:
621:
616:
612:
611:
594:
591:
586:
582:
581:
564:
561:
555:
554:
537:
534:
529:
525:
524:
517:
513:
512:
508:
507:
490:
487:
480:
476:
475:
471:
470:
453:
450:
445:
441:
440:
437:
434:
429:
425:
424:
421:
418:
416:Four foot
413:
409:
408:
405:
402:
397:
393:
392:
375:
372:
367:
363:
362:
345:
342:
336:
335:
332:
329:
323:
322:
305:
302:
296:
295:
278:
275:
270:
266:
265:
262:
259:
253:
252:
235:
232:
226:
225:
208:
205:
200:
196:
195:
192:
189:
183:
182:
179:
176:
170:
169:
152:
149:
144:
140:
139:
132:
128:
127:
123:
122:
119:
116:
111:
107:
106:
99:
95:
94:
90:
89:
77:
76:
68:
67:
66:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5945:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5892:South Ossetia
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5866:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5744:Liechtenstein
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5596:
5591:
5589:
5584:
5582:
5577:
5576:
5573:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5514:Rapid transit
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5415:
5392:9,000 mm
5390:
5388:
5365:8,200 mm
5363:
5342:
5340:3,000 mm
5337:
5333:2,140 mm
5330:
5315:
5294:
5292:1,945 mm
5289:
5285:1,676 mm
5282:
5277:
5256:
5254:1,668 mm
5251:
5247:1,638 mm
5244:
5225:
5221:1,600 mm
5218:
5213:
5209:1,588 mm
5206:
5185:1,581 mm
5182:
5163:
5142:
5140:1,520 mm
5136:1,524 mm
5129:
5125:1,495 mm
5122:
5103:
5082:
5080:1,458 mm
5077:
5073:1,457 mm
5070:
5051:
5030:
5028:1,450 mm
5025:
5023:
5002:1,445 mm
4999:
4978:
4976:1,440 mm
4973:
4972:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4956:1,435 mm
4953:
4934:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4925:
4900:
4898:1,432 mm
4895:
4891:1,429 mm
4888:
4869:
4865:1,422 mm
4862:
4857:
4853:1,416 mm
4850:
4831:
4827:1,384 mm
4824:
4805:
4801:1,372 mm
4798:
4793:
4791:
4786:1,245 mm
4780:
4776:1,219 mm
4773:
4768:
4747:
4745:1,200 mm
4742:
4721:
4719:1,100 mm
4716:
4709:
4707:1,093 mm
4704:
4700:1,067 mm
4697:
4692:
4671:
4669:1,055 mm
4666:
4645:
4643:1,050 mm
4640:
4637:
4613:1,000 mm
4611:
4609:
4587:
4582:
4575:
4570:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4515:
4494:
4489:
4482:
4477:
4456:
4451:
4430:
4425:
4418:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4385:
4375:
4365:
4345:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4284:
4279:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:Minimum-gauge
4254:
4248:
4243:
4236:
4231:
4229:
4224:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4159:
4155:
4148:
4132:
4126:
4118:
4112:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4072:
4066:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4042:
4028:
4024:
4023:"Rail Gauges"
4018:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3985:
3974:on 2020-02-26
3970:
3963:
3957:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3902:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3872:
3865:
3854:
3848:
3840:
3836:
3830:
3822:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3802:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3782:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3707:
3701:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3642:Slavic Review
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3612:
3606:
3591:
3585:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3565:
3563:
3548:
3544:
3538:
3524:
3518:
3514:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3489:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3453:
3452:Trains portal
3447:
3442:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3406:Turkmenistan
3405:
3404:
3400:
3391:1,676 mm
3388:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:1,520 mm
3316:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3180:
3157:1,435 mm
3153:1,520 mm
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3133:train ferries
3130:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3064:1,676 mm
3061:
3038:1,435 mm
3035:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2934:Proposed for
2933:
2930:
2929:
2906:1,435 mm
2902:1,524 mm
2895:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2842:1,435 mm
2839:
2830:1,676 mm
2827:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2815:
2792:1,522 mm
2789:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2729:
2725:
2701:1,435 mm
2684:
2681:
2662:2,140 mm
2660:
2652:2,134 mm
2650:
2628:1,945 mm
2626:
2618:1,829 mm
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2602:1,524 mm
2599:
2597:
2593:
2572:1,522 mm
2569:
2567:
2565:Russian gauge
2543:1,520 mm
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2511:
2509:1,435 mm
2506:
2504:) Irish gauge
2499:
2497:1,600 mm
2494:
2473:
2471:1,668 mm
2468:
2461:
2459:1,676 mm
2456:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2444:
2439:2,134 mm
2436:
2429:
2420:
2417:1,524 mm
2413:1,520 mm
2410:
2405:1,520 mm
2402:
2401:Yerevan Metro
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2385:rapid transit
2381:
2361:
2359:1,435 mm
2355:
2347:
2345:1,067 mm
2341:
2340:Tallinn trams
2338:). Estonia's
2319:
2317:1,000 mm
2313:
2312:Liepāja trams
2310:and Latvia's
2309:
2304:
2284:
2282:1,000 mm
2278:
2274:
2273:Rostov-on-Don
2251:1,435 mm
2248:
2244:
2239:1,000 mm
2236:
2231:
2208:1,000 mm
2187:
2162:1,520 mm
2159:
2155:
2151:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2126:1,520 mm
2122:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2068:
2056:
2053:
2041:
2038:
2026:
2023:
2011:
2008:
1996:
1993:
1981:
1978:
1966:
1963:
1951:
1948:
1936:
1933:
1921:
1918:
1906:
1903:
1891:
1888:
1876:
1873:
1861:
1858:
1846:
1843:
1831:
1828:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1808:Primary usage
1800:
1796:
1793:
1792:overhead wire
1789:
1785:
1784:loading gauge
1778:Loading gauge
1775:
1773:
1764:1,524 mm
1742:1,520 mm
1738:
1730:
1728:
1723:1,524 mm
1719:
1712:1,524 mm
1709:
1704:
1702:
1701:rolling stock
1698:
1694:
1671:1,520 mm
1665:Redefinitions
1657:
1656:was widened.
1655:
1651:
1650:loading gauge
1642:1,524 mm
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1614:Finland, 1862
1611:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1576:1,435 mm
1573:
1568:1,524 mm
1561:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1521:1,067 mm
1518:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:1,067 mm
1483:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1375:1,435 mm
1371:1,829 mm
1363:1,524 mm
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1306:1,435 mm
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1269:1,435 mm
1265:2,134 mm
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:1,829 mm
1224:
1222:
1217:1,448 mm
1210:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1189:1,524 mm
1182:
1178:
1177:Horatio Allen
1169:1,524 mm
1162:
1157:
1153:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1108:1,435 mm
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:In 1839, the
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1077:1,524 mm
1070:
1067:In 1748, the
1055:
1052:
1028:1,435 mm
1024:
1004:
1000:
995:1,524 mm
988:
978:
974:
973:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
957:South America
955:
953:
952:North America
950:
949:
948:
947:
943:
942:
937:
934:
930:
927:
926:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
905:
904:
900:
899:
881:
878:
876:
875:Breitspurbahn
873:
870:
869:
855:
852:
850:
847:
844:
843:
839:
836:
834:
831:
828:
827:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
796:
793:
791:
790:Iberian gauge
788:
784:
766:
763:
761:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
723:
720:
717:
716:
698:
695:
693:
690:
686:
682:
679:
677:
674:
673:
655:
652:
650:
647:
643:
625:
622:
620:
619:Toronto gauge
617:
614:
613:
595:
592:
590:
589:Leipzig gauge
587:
584:
583:
565:
562:
560:
559:Dresden gauge
557:
556:
538:
535:
533:
530:
526:
523:
522:
515:
514:
509:
491:
488:
486:
485:
481:
478:
477:
472:
454:
451:
449:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
433:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
417:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
401:
398:
395:
394:
376:
373:
371:
368:
365:
364:
346:
343:
341:
340:Italian metre
338:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
279:
276:
274:
271:
267:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
236:
233:
231:
230:Bosnian gauge
228:
227:
209:
206:
204:
201:
197:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
153:
150:
148:
145:
141:
138:
137:
130:
129:
124:
120:
117:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
104:
97:
96:
91:
87:
82:
79:
78:
74:
70:
69:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
48:Rapid transit
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
18:Russian gauge
5897:Transnistria
5130:
4402:Narrow gauge
4205:
4194:
4183:
4157:
4147:
4135:. Retrieved
4125:
4111:
4100:. Retrieved
4095:
4086:
4074:. Retrieved
4065:
4057:the original
4050:
4041:
4030:. Retrieved
4027:studylib.net
4026:
4017:
4005:. Retrieved
4001:the original
3991:
3983:
3976:. Retrieved
3969:the original
3956:
3937:
3922:
3917:
3905:. Retrieved
3901:the original
3874:. Retrieved
3864:
3858:(in Russian)
3847:
3839:the original
3829:
3809:
3801:
3781:
3774:Siddall 1969
3770:Haywood 1969
3765:
3756:
3731:
3727:
3695:
3679:
3648:(1): 72–80.
3645:
3641:
3614:. Retrieved
3605:
3593:. Retrieved
3584:
3550:. Retrieved
3537:
3526:. Retrieved
3517:
3498:) since the
3474:
3399:Indian gauge
3314:North Korea
3072:Indian gauge
3030:Afghanistan
2871:Isle of Man
2838:Indian gauge
2814:Tampere tram
2680:Brunel gauge
2612:
2600:
2570:
2541:
2536:
2448:
2443:Brunel gauge
2389:Moscow Metro
2382:
2342:use similar
2305:
2147:
2131:
2123:
2108:
2097:
2078:
2037:Turkmenistan
1811:
1797:
1781:
1739:
1736:
1720:
1705:
1668:
1623:
1602:
1557:
1554:Panama, 1850
1549:
1506:
1433:
1426:
1401:
1397:
1336:
1291:
1230:
1174:
1093:
1066:
1025:
984:
824:(5 ft 6 in)
751:(5 ft 3 in)
675:
648:
519:
482:
439:(4 ft 6 in)
407:(3 ft 6 in)
264:(2 ft 6 in)
194:(2 ft 3 in)
134:
114:Fifteen inch
101:
5870:recognition
5844:Switzerland
5779:Netherlands
5602:Track gauge
5524:Scale model
4967:Broad gauge
4636:metre gauge
4585:950 mm
4578:914 mm
4547:900 mm
4517:891 mm
4492:800 mm
4485:762 mm
4454:760 mm
4428:750 mm
4421:686 mm
4391:559 mm
4381:533 mm
4371:508 mm
4343:500 mm
4336:483 mm
4324:457 mm
4312:406 mm
4282:400 mm
4275:381 mm
4242:Track gauge
4206:www.etla.fi
4007:12 February
3426:Uzbekistan
3383:Tajikistan
3264:Kyrgyzstan
3254:Kazakhstan
3104:Azerbaijan
3099:(proposed)
2765:(proposed)
2594:as used by
2243:Kaliningrad
2230:metre gauge
2185:750 mm
2158:former USSR
2152:and street
2093:Afghanistan
2081:into Poland
1448:Vladivostok
1304:. It was a
1259:which used
1199:during the
944:By location
203:750 mm
63:Scale model
34:Track gauge
5912:Categories
5814:San Marino
5774:Montenegro
5754:Luxembourg
5734:Kazakhstan
5637:Azerbaijan
5540:by country
5533:Categories
5476:Dual gauge
4377:21 in
4367:20 in
4331:19 in
4319:18 in
4307:16 in
4270:15 in
4102:2021-07-18
4032:2023-08-14
3931:9515932149
3705:0880333901
3552:2014-06-12
3528:2008-07-20
3510:References
3376:ZSSK Cargo
3322:dual gauge
3284:Lithuania
3244:Hong Kong
3147:track for
3145:dual gauge
3006:Pittsburgh
2992:, and the
2955:conversion
2451:dual gauge
2397:Kyiv Metro
2306:Finland's
2277:Yevpatoria
2247:Pyatigorsk
2067:Uzbekistan
2022:Tajikistan
1932:Kyrgyzstan
1917:Kazakhstan
1842:Azerbaijan
1788:dual gauge
1733:Tolerances
1693:tolerances
1626:in Finland
1513:reconquest
1507:Unlike in
1150:See also:
1089:River Tyne
924:Conversion
919:Dual gauge
327:Three foot
5749:Lithuania
5519:Miniature
5132:5 ft
4771:4 ft
4573:3 ft
4137:30 August
3670:163934218
3523:"Paravoz"
3359:Slovakia
3326:Tumangang
3304:Mongolia
3248:Peak Tram
3177:) gauge.
3124:Bulgaria
2982:The South
2971:Haparanda
2953:prior to
2898:5 ft
2786:(except:
2656:7 ft
2622:6 ft
2606:5 ft
2434:7 ft
2303:) gauge.
2279:that use
2115:Tumangang
2104:Ukrainian
2089:Haparanda
1962:Lithuania
1768:5 ft
1716:5 ft
1699:) of the
1697:wheelsets
1660:Technical
1646:5 ft
1608:5 ft
1596:) to use
1564:5 ft
1502:converted
1494:Kuancheng
1456:Changchun
1423:Expansion
1367:6 ft
1359:5 ft
1261:7 ft
1233:6 ft
1209:converted
1205:5 ft
1185:5 ft
1175:In 1827,
1165:5 ft
1140:funicular
1104:converted
1087:down the
1085:Lemington
1073:5 ft
991:5 ft
967:Australia
676:Five foot
71:By size (
58:Miniature
5877:Abkhazia
5829:Slovenia
5824:Slovakia
5799:Portugal
5657:Bulgaria
5410: in
5383: in
5359: in
5328: in
5311: in
5273: in
5242: in
5207: /
5204: in
5183: /
5180: in
5159: in
5134: /
5120: in
5099: in
5068: in
5047: in
5020: in
4995: in
4954: /
4951: in
4917: in
4886: in
4848: in
4822: in
4764: in
4738: in
4688: in
4662: in
4631: in
4604: in
4566: in
4535: in
4511: in
4473: in
4447: in
4361: in
4300: in
4177:Archived
3945:Archived
3790:Archived
3573:Archived
3494:(as the
3486:(as the
3438:See also
3416:Ukraine
3324:between
3294:Moldova
3237:Baltijsk
3233:Klaipėda
3221:Sassnitz
3219:Only at
3216:Germany
3206:Georgia
3175: in
3127:Only at
3114:Belarus
3093:Austria
3079:Armenia
3056: in
3025:Railway
2924: in
2860: in
2810: in
2780:Finland
2770:Estonia
2750:Railway
2719: in
2676: in
2646: in
2590: in
2561: in
2528: in
2490: in
2378: in
2336: in
2301: in
2269: in
2226: in
2204: in
2180: in
2154:tramways
2111:Standard
2106:border.
1992:Mongolia
1760: in
1689: in
1594: in
1472:regauged
1393: in
1324: in
1287: in
1249:Pavlovsk
1126: in
1046: in
1021: in
882:(9 ft 10
879:3,000 mm
853:2,140 mm
837:1,829 mm
833:Six foot
821:1,676 mm
794:1,668 mm
764:1,638 mm
748:1,600 mm
721:1,588 mm
696:1,581 mm
680:1,524 mm
653:1,520 mm
623:1,495 mm
593:1,458 mm
563:1,450 mm
536:1,445 mm
489:1,435 mm
484:Standard
452:1,432 mm
436:1,372 mm
420:1,219 mm
404:1,067 mm
374:1,000 mm
174:Two foot
121:(15 in)
5854:Ukraine
5804:Romania
5764:Moldova
5722:Ireland
5717:Iceland
5712:Hungary
5702:Germany
5697:Georgia
5687:Finland
5682:Estonia
5677:Denmark
5662:Croatia
5647:Belgium
5642:Belarus
5632:Austria
5627:Armenia
5622:Andorra
5617:Albania
5555:by name
5405:⁄
5378:⁄
5354:⁄
5323:⁄
5306:⁄
5268:⁄
5237:⁄
5199:⁄
5175:⁄
5154:⁄
5143: (
5115:⁄
5094:⁄
5063:⁄
5042:⁄
5015:⁄
4990:⁄
4946:⁄
4912:⁄
4881:⁄
4843:⁄
4817:⁄
4759:⁄
4733:⁄
4683:⁄
4657:⁄
4626:⁄
4599:⁄
4561:⁄
4530:⁄
4506:⁄
4468:⁄
4442:⁄
4356:⁄
4295:⁄
3951:, p. 32
3662:2493039
3484:Ukraine
3372:Ukraine
3349:Russia
3337:Poland
3274:Latvia
3190:France
3170:⁄
3051:⁄
2966:Sweden
2947:Panama
2942:lines.
2931:Norway
2919:⁄
2855:⁄
2812:), and
2805:⁄
2735:Summary
2714:⁄
2694:⁄
2671:⁄
2641:⁄
2585:⁄
2556:⁄
2523:⁄
2485:⁄
2373:⁄
2331:⁄
2296:⁄
2264:⁄
2221:⁄
2199:⁄
2175:⁄
2052:Ukraine
1977:Moldova
1902:Georgia
1887:Finland
1872:Estonia
1857:Belarus
1827:Armenia
1772:Allegro
1755:⁄
1684:⁄
1589:⁄
1572:changed
1545:convert
1541:Kholmsk
1531:on the
1413:tunnels
1409:bridges
1388:⁄
1319:⁄
1282:⁄
1121:⁄
1058:History
1041:⁄
1016:⁄
887:⁄
861:⁄
840:(6 ft)
806:⁄
776:⁄
733:⁄
708:⁄
683:(5 ft)
665:⁄
649:1520 mm
635:⁄
605:⁄
575:⁄
548:⁄
501:⁄
464:⁄
448:1432 mm
423:(4 ft)
386:⁄
356:⁄
334:(3 ft)
316:⁄
289:⁄
246:⁄
219:⁄
181:(2 ft)
163:⁄
103:Minimum
5882:Kosovo
5849:Turkey
5839:Sweden
5819:Serbia
5809:Russia
5794:Poland
5789:Norway
5769:Monaco
5739:Latvia
5707:Greece
5692:France
5667:Cyprus
4076:1 June
3929:
3907:1 June
3876:1 June
3817:
3748:213081
3746:
3702:
3686:
3668:
3660:
3616:1 June
3595:1 June
3492:Russia
3490:) and
3480:Crimea
3225:Mukran
3182:China
2988:, the
2904:) and
2886:Japan
2755:China
2100:Záhony
2064:
2049:
2034:
2019:
2007:Russia
2004:
1989:
1974:
1959:
1947:Latvia
1944:
1929:
1914:
1899:
1884:
1869:
1854:
1839:
1824:
1529:Vanino
1474:it to
1460:Lüshun
1452:Harbin
1296:, the
1253:Brunel
962:Europe
871:
856:(7 ft
849:Brunel
845:
829:
797:(5 ft
786:
767:(5 ft
756:
724:(5 ft
699:(5 ft
688:
656:(4 ft
645:
626:(4 ft
615:
596:(4 ft
585:
566:(4 ft
539:(4 ft
528:
516:
492:(4 ft
479:
455:(4 ft
444:
428:
412:
396:
377:(3 ft
366:
344:950 mm
331:914 mm
307:(2 ft
304:900 mm
300:900 mm
280:(2 ft
277:891 mm
269:
261:762 mm
237:(2 ft
234:760 mm
210:(2 ft
207:750 mm
199:
191:686 mm
178:610 mm
154:(1 ft
151:600 mm
147:600 mm
143:
136:Narrow
131:
118:381 mm
110:
98:
5834:Spain
5759:Malta
5729:Italy
3978:9 Feb
3972:(PDF)
3965:(PDF)
3744:JSTOR
3666:S2CID
3658:JSTOR
3466:Notes
3229:Turku
3195:Soyuz
3137:Odesa
3129:Varna
2825:Iran
2816:uses
2790:uses
2271:) in
2130:LHS (
2119:Rajin
1603:mules
1243:with
1081:Wylam
987:gauge
521:Broad
370:Metre
347:(3 ft
5486:list
5187:and
5138:and
4247:list
4139:2022
4078:2016
4009:2011
3980:2020
3927:ISBN
3909:2016
3878:2016
3815:ISBN
3764:".
3700:ISBN
3688:2762
3684:OCLC
3618:2016
3597:2016
3328:and
3235:and
3155:and
3141:Poti
3139:and
3000:and
2938:and
2399:and
2314:use
2245:and
2117:and
1782:The
1558:The
1500:was
1454:via
1411:and
1247:and
1154:and
1138:, a
929:list
892:in)
866:in)
811:in)
781:in)
738:in)
713:in)
670:in)
640:in)
610:in)
580:in)
553:in)
506:in)
469:in)
391:in)
361:in)
321:in)
294:in)
251:in)
224:in)
168:in)
73:list
53:Tram
5412:),
5385:),
4788:),
3772:or
3736:doi
3650:doi
3370:to
3298:CFM
3135:to
3004:in
2957:to
2678:) (
2441:) (
2380:).
2241:in
2210:or
2206:or
2188:or
1729:.)
1636:by
1574:to
1515:of
1458:to
1446:to
1300:in
1255:'s
1211:to
1106:to
1083:to
1023:).
989:of
5914::
5407:16
5380:32
5376:27
5371:10
5347:10
5308:16
5270:32
5266:21
5156:32
5152:27
5147:11
5108:10
5096:32
5092:13
5044:32
4992:16
4988:11
4752:11
4740:),
4735:16
4714:),
4690:),
4664:),
4659:32
4655:11
4633:)
4606:)
4563:16
4554:11
4537:)
4532:32
4523:11
4470:16
4466:15
4349:19
4288:15
4156:.
4094:.
4049:.
4025:.
3982:.
3886:^
3742:.
3732:59
3730:.
3714:^
3664:.
3656:.
3646:28
3644:.
3626:^
3561:^
3545:.
3397:)
3378:.
3344:.
3332:.
3239:.
3231:,
3201:.
3143:;
3085:,
3070:)
3058:)
2866:.
2862:)
2836:)
2807:32
2803:29
2798:11
2730:).
2721:)
2643:16
2587:32
2583:29
2578:11
2563:)
2558:32
2554:27
2549:11
2530:)
2487:32
2483:21
2445:).
2419:.
2395:,
2391:,
2249:,
2177:32
2173:27
2168:11
2140:.
2095:.
2083:,
1757:32
1753:27
1748:11
1686:32
1682:27
1677:11
1334:.
1326:)
1223:.
1128:)
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