950:, chairman of the Ideological Commission of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, criticized the songs of Okudzhava. Ilyichev called them "vulgar songs...designed to appeal to low and cheap tastes" and said they were "out of keeping with the entire structure of life". Artists in Soviet service also criticized the bards that sung unapproved songs. The newspaper Sovetskaia Rossiia (Soviet Russia) attacked Vysotsky for offering "Philistinism, vulgarity, and immorality" under the "guise of art". Although Vysotsky was often criticized by officials, he never faced imprisonment or exile like other bards. This was in part due to his use of sarcasm as opposed to criticism, his lack of political activity, but mainly due to his immense popularity among the Soviet People.
1005:
1543:
27:
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867:; folk singers who sung with simple guitar accompaniment. Since Soviet culture officials did not approve of the songs, many of the bards initially became popular playing at small, private student parties. The attendees at these gatherings would record the concert with a tape recorder. The songs of the bards spread through the sharing and recopying of these tapes.
946:, came under attack for their content and the way they were performed. The transgression was not anti-Soviet content, like the songs of Galich, but content that was considered "un-soviet", and contributed the denigration of the Soviet people. During a meeting of 140 writers, artists and film workers in 1962,
971:
The public appeal of the outlaw songs in the Soviet Union was fueled by the contrast between the outlaw songs and state-sanctioned music. The outlaw songs did not have the same civic-minded messages as their official counterparts, and were instead much more personal. They touched on subjects taboo in
1073:
was characterized as being particularly cheerful and colorful. Odessa
Couplets often depict the rich and glorious life before Stalin's regime, when Odessa was among the only cities in the young Soviet Union to have free trade. These songs are often narrations of weddings and parties, sometimes based
925:
member heard a tape of Galich’s uncensored songs at his daughter's wedding reception. Galich describes the official backlash following his expulsion from the Union of Soviet
Writers in an open letter to the International Committee on Human Rights that he wrote after being denied permission to travel
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made the outlaw songs officially acceptable. The songs which previously needed to be distributed unofficially through personally copied tapes could now be purchased in stores. In 1987, Vysotsky was posthumously awarded the state literary prize. The songs that were more directly critical of Soviet
870:
After the fall of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the
Russian Federation, the musical style of the songs began to shift, although the content did not. Modern artists affiliated with the Chanson genre often sing not in the traditional style used even by the Khrushchev-era performers, but
1104:
songs, are heavily influenced by the classical
Russian romance genre of the 19th century, more specifically a subgenre known as the City or Urban Romance. Romance songs are almost always divided into four-line rhymed couplets, rarely have a chorus, and follow a fairly consistent chord progression
980:
and the power abuses of the political elite. The more personal nature of the music both in content and style, gave it a sense of authenticity, something that led to the mass appeal of the songs. The songs were often very crude, an aspect of which was heavily criticized by the state, and echoed by
912:
Many of the Soviet bards also worked as writers and actors for the Soviet state. These artists were required to submit their works to government censors for approval. When bards performed uncensored pieces which fans would then distribute, they risked their official jobs. In
December 1971 a
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of the 1910s tend to be more cheerful, and are sharply contrasted by the dark, depressing, and violent songs set in the
Stalinist era. The interesting thing is that it is common for a Chanson artist, regardless of the time in which he writes his songs, to include songs of all periods in his
879:, referred to the songs as "propaganda of the criminal subculture". However, there is a radio station called Radio Chanson that broadcasts chanson round the clock. Radio Chanson is also the founder of the Chanson of the Year awards ceremony held annually at Russia's main concert venue, the
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abroad: “I am deprived of...the right to see my work published, the right to sign a contract with a theater, film studio, or publishing house, the right to perform in public.” Other bards who were not official Soviet artist still risked their job by performing uncensored songs. In 1968
851:. When the former prisoners returned from the gulags back to their homes in the 1950s, the songs that they had sung in the camps became popular with Soviet students and nonconformist intelligentsia. Then, in the second half of the 1960s, the more conservative
953:
Gradually, Soviet authorities eased their reactions to the bards who sang outlaw songs. In 1981, after
Vysotsky's death, the state allowed the publication of a collection of his poetry (although official state poets still attacked Vysotsky's poems). During
1105:(Am, Dm, and E, sometimes with C and G added). The strumming pattern is also predictable: it is either a march, or a slow 3/4 waltz pattern often utilizing fingerpicking rather than strumming. Romance songs were traditionally played on a
941:
In addition to active repression from the state, Soviet bards also faced criticisms on the literary merit of their songs from Soviet officials. Even songs that were not openly critical of the Soviet union, like the songs of
934:, was dismissed for performing uncensored songs critical of the Soviet Union. Although the official stance of the Soviet Union towards these songs was intolerant, many Soviet officials enjoyed the uncensored tapes.
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made a slight reversal to this process, albeit never reaching the tight, stringent controls experienced during the Stalin era. This, combined with the influx of cheap and portable
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As seen above, chanson is rooted in prison life and criminal culture, but some chanson performers insist that the genre transcends mere criminal songs, and look upon
1227:
is the only western artist to receive acclaim in western Europe as well as Russia for singing
English versions of Russian Romances and Russian Chanson on his albums
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875:. Although the strict cultural control of the Soviet Union has ended, many Russian officials still publicly denounce the genre. Russia's prosecutor general,
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Chanson themes vary greatly depending on the time in which the songs were written and the places in which they are set. For example, songs set in the
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for publishing uncensored works abroad and making his views known to large groups of people in the Soviet Union, which Galich claims happened after a
1035:
reports being beaten up once after claiming authorship to one of his songs, which was attributed to a Gulag inmate living over 30 years earlier.
1349:
Rosette C. Larmont, "Horace’s Heirs: Beyond
Censorship in the Soviet Songs of the Magnitizdat,”: World Literature Today 53 (1979): 220.
883:, awarding artists performing in the genre. Many politicians are fans of the genre, and one of the popular modern chanson singers,
1214:, another recently popularized singer, actress and songwriter, sings in the styles of Russian shanson, folk music and folk rock.
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The execution of a traitor to a criminal gang (the first such song is probably "Murka"). This is usually in the context of the
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repertoire, and write songs set in an era different from his own. This often leads to confusion: for example, the bard
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songs. Arkady was one of the rare performers who focuses exclusively on collecting and performing old criminal songs.
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Love in the context of criminal life, the conflict usually being either betrayal or separation due to imprisonment.
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938:, a bard often criticized by Soviet officials, was invited to give a concert at the Soviet embassy in Warsaw.
1109:, since its tuning makes playing these chords easier (most of them are played as a single-finger bar chord).
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Appeal to emotions towards relatives or beloved ones, often leading unlawful or morally controversial lives.
59:
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led to an increase in the popularity and consumption of the criminal songs. These songs were performed by
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today. However, during the Soviet Union, the style changed, and the songs became part of the culture of
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Magnitizdat: Uncensored Songs of
Dissent", in Dissent in the USSR: Politics, Ideology, and People
1133:. Notice that with the exception of Severny, these performers are usually better known for their
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than pop songs. In fact, this is one of the reasons for naming the genre after the French
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Military and patriotic themes. There is a subgenre of Chanson known as Military chanson.
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Party. Rosenbaum was also awarded the title of People's Artist of Russia by a decree of
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Glorification of the 'merry thief' archetype. These songs are often set in the city of
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1304:, ed. Rudolf L. Tokes. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975), 276.
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Lyrically, Chanson songs are usually narrative-driven and are more similar to
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more professionally, borrowing musical arrangements from pop, rock, and
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The musical style of the older Russian criminal songs, much like the
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1268:"Notes from a Russian Musical Underground: The Sounds of Chanson"
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or "criminals' songs" that are based on the themes of the urban
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A more recent artist who plays chanson with Rock music is
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Criminal songs were prominently performed by artists like
1045:
White Guard (anticommunist side of the Russian Civil War)
1287:
Christopher Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky and His Cult",
847:, the Soviet Union released a lot of prisoners from the
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are very similar in content to the songs sung in the
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1220:was one of the most popular poets in this genre.
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981:some Soviet Citizens outside of the government.
963:Union, however, authorities largely ignored.
792:covering a range of Russian songs, including
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1011:is reputed as Vladimir Putin's favorite band
1140:Modern chanson performers include the band
1038:Recurring themes in Chanson songs include:
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111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1274:, 16 July 2006, accessed 5 May 2013, 2.
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988:
1340:Kishkobsky, "The sounds of Chanson", 2.
1331:Kishkovsky, "The Sounds of Chanson", 1.
1052:, which punishes betrayal very harshly.
1556:
1278:from the original on 26 December 2022.
1023:(the other being musical similarity).
816:The Russian chanson originated in the
1439:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky", 67–68.
800:performed by singer-songwriters, and
1077:Political satire of different forms.
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
1055:Being sent to, or released from, a
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13:
1502:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky", 61.
1493:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky", 62.
1466:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky", 69.
1457:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky", 69.
1448:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky", 68.
1430:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky," 65.
1412:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky." 66.
1394:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky," 65.
1313:Lazarski, "Vladimir Vysotsky", 60.
1180:(murdered in 2002 at his villa in
1000:and a performer of Russian chanson
16:Variety of genres of Russian music
14:
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1187:Some of the early performers are
525:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
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958:’s reign, Gorbachev's policy of
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1484:Larmont, "Horace’s Heirs", 223.
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413:Russian National Music Award
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1475:Sosin, "Magnitizdat", 283.
1421:Sosin, "Magnitizdat," 303.
1403:Sosin, "Magnitizdat," 282.
1385:Sosin, "Magnitizdat," 284.
1376:Sosin, "Magnitizdat," 286.
1367:Sosin, “Magnitizdat”, 301.
1358:Sosin, “Magnitizdat," 299.
1322:Sosin, "Magnitizdat", 278.
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1148:and Belomorkanal Band,
932:Moscow State University
919:Union of Soviet Writers
861:magnetic tape recorders
1050:Russian criminals' law
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887:, was a member of the
192:Russian criminal songs
1127:Alexander Gorodnitsky
1092:as their precursors.
1033:Alexander Gorodnitsky
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972:Soviet society, like
913:popular Soviet bard,
820:. The songs sung by
429:Zvukovaya Dorozhka MK
371:Media and performance
881:State Kremlin Palace
203:20th century, Russia
45:improve this article
1266:Sophia Kishkovsky,
1193:Alexander Vertinsky
1170:Mikhail Shufutinsky
1131:Alexander Rosenbaum
1086:Alexander Vertinsky
996:is known as both a
994:Alexander Rosenbaum
885:Alexander Rosenbaum
1272:The New York Times
1146:Spartak Arutyunyan
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1002:
834:Russian Federation
794:city romance songs
298:Russian folk music
1174:Lubov' Uspenskaya
1162:Aleksandr Novikov
1123:Vladimir Vysotsky
944:Vladimir Vysotsky
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403:Golden Gramophone
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290:Traditional music
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158:culture of Odessa
141:Stylistic origins
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60:"Russian chanson"
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1201:Izabella Yurieva
1197:Pyotr Leshchenko
915:Alexander Galich
908:Soviet officials
877:Vladimir Ustinov
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541:Anthem of Russia
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1074:on real events.
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948:Leonid Ilyichev
936:Bulat Okudzhava
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891:as part of the
853:Leonid Brezhnev
845:Khrushchev thaw
814:
802:blatnaya pesnya
780:; from French "
777:russkiy shanson
760:Russian chanson
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534:National anthem
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442:Music festivals
264:Religious music
213:Music of Russia
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148:Russian romance
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126:Russian chanson
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1218:Mikhail Tanich
1119:Arcady Severny
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897:Vladimir Putin
857:Alexei Kosygin
818:Russian Empire
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765:русский шансон
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62: –
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56:Find sources:
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34:This article
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1548:Soviet Union
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1212:Elena Vaenga
1208:Grigory Leps
1205:
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1178:Mikhail Krug
1139:
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1102:Russian Bard
1099:
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1071:Jewish Mafia
1069:, where the
1037:
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978:class divide
974:antisemitism
970:
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865:Soviet bards
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830:Soviet Union
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717:Soviet Union
539:
421:Music charts
380:Music awards
328:
272:Bell ringing
163:Romani music
107:
101:January 2008
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43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
1225:Marc Almond
1154:Ivan Kuchin
843:During the
798:author song
626:Kaliningrad
568:Local forms
478:Music media
465:Empty Hills
434:Chart Dozen
388:Pesnya Goda
339:Drift phonk
131:Native name
1558:Categories
1255:References
1249:Turbo-folk
1113:Performers
1057:labor camp
806:underclass
616:Ingushetia
502:MTV Russia
455:Nashestvie
450:Grushinsky
354:Sovietwave
349:Hookah rap
277:Liturgical
173:bard music
71:newspapers
1142:Lesopoval
956:Gorbachev
923:Politburo
903:Reactions
786:neologism
771:romanized
681:Tatarstan
646:Krasnodar
641:Khakassia
586:Astrakhan
227:Classical
1276:Archived
1243:See also
960:glasnost
928:Yuli Kim
838:samizdat
832:and the
784:") is a
691:Udmurtia
656:Nenetsia
651:Mordovia
631:Kalmykia
606:Dagestan
601:Chechnya
596:Buryatia
547:Let's Go
344:Hardbass
282:Znamenny
183:samizdat
1510:Portals
1203:, etc.
1158:Butyrka
1021:Chanson
1017:ballads
812:History
782:chanson
712:Belarus
707:Ukraine
661:Ossetia
636:Karelia
621:Irkutsk
611:Evenkia
491:Maximum
470:more...
408:Ovation
393:MTV RMA
329:Chanson
308:Romance
247:Hip hop
178:estrada
153:klezmer
85:scholar
1536:Russia
1176:, and
1129:, and
1067:Odessa
1028:Odessa
985:Themes
788:for a
666:Rostov
576:Adygea
508:Muz TV
219:Genres
87:
80:
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66:
58:
1524:Music
1009:Lyube
849:gulag
822:serfs
676:Sakha
581:Altai
513:A-One
486:Nashe
303:Dumka
232:Opera
188:fenya
92:JSTOR
78:books
1233:and
1182:Tver
1150:Boka
1135:Bard
1088:and
998:bard
889:Duma
873:jazz
855:and
826:Tsar
686:Tuva
398:RAMP
324:Bard
242:Rock
64:news
1184:).
496:NRJ
359:VIA
237:Pop
47:by
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