813:
798:
973:
537:
70:
929:
115:
274:
100:
269:
1247:
1309:
639:
1431:
1369:
1267:
1349:
1451:
1411:
1389:
1227:
586:
concluded grimly: "All local volunteers are unreliable during enemy contact. Principal reason of unreliability is the employment of these volunteers in the East." Two days previously, the German army had given permission to the KTB to take harsh measures in the event of further cases of rebellion or unreliability, investing regimental commanders with far-reaching powers to hold summary courts and execute the verdicts.
27:
1471:
1289:
775:; Vlasov was critical of such remarks and replied to the Nazi concerns that "the Jewish question" "was an internal Russian problem and would be dealt with after they had accomplished the primary aim of overthrowing the existing regime"; however, antisemitism frequently appeared in the pro-Vlasov Nazi and collaborationist newspapers, including the ones edited by Zykov, often in form of articles reprinted from the
279:
1329:
257:
696:
757:); the influence of the NTS on the Manifesto is seen in the description of the future system of Russia as a "national-labour" system, some of Vlasov's chief commanders joined the NTS. All of these documents granted the basic democratic freedoms and rights, including the right of the nations to self-determination and to separate from Russia and did not contain antisemitic remarks and invectives;
2732:
573:). These latter were generally deployed in a security role at the rear of the armies and army groups in the East, where they constituted a major part of the German effort to counter the activity of Soviet partisan forces, dating as far back as early 1942. The Germans were, however, always concerned about their reliability.
1737:
Group Center report (RH20-2/558 ”Zusammenstellung über
Osttruppen”, HG Mitte Ia 12303/43, 25.10.43) identifies 16 battalions and several companies which had already departed for the West by late October, with an additional 20 (again, plus several companies) designated for transfer, and a further 12 being prepared.
1707:
There are many reports of such incidents in the reporting of the army commands in the East. See f.e. BA-MA RH20-2/636. AOK 2 Ia 2749/43, 9.8.43, RH20-2/558 (concern over the night mutinies)(”Bericht über die
Meutereien in der Nacht vom 12. zum 13.9.43“, 16.9.43, RH20-2/558 ”Bericht über die geplante
585:
absenteeism had risen considerably. Following a series of attempted or successful mutinies, and a surge in desertions, the
Germans decided in September 1943 that the reliability of the units had fallen to a level where they were more a liability than an asset. In an October 1943 report, the 8th Army
1557:
Based on the unpublished account of the 44th
Division intelligence officer who met with Vlasov and negotiated his surrender in Austria. The surrender involved assurances from SHEAF headquarters in Paris that the ROA who surrendered to the Americans would not be sent back to the Soviets. His account
475:
referred to as "ROA" by the Nazi propaganda served directly under German command and were not formalized as separate units, while the image of Vlasov was a mere propaganda weapon. On 14 November 1944, it was officially formed as the Armed Forces of the
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of
1736:
A 4 November 2nd Army report names just 9 units (it had more than 60 in
September) who were to remain with the Army, the rest having been or being in the process of transfer to the West, or disbandment. (See RH20-2/558 ”Auskämmaktion unzuverlässiger Ostverbände” AOK 2 Ia 4454/43, 4.11.43). An Army
783:
The Nazis were suspicious of Vlasov, his organisation and his ideological position, and the
Gestapo warned about the possibility of the Vlasovites betraying the Reich. The suspicions and criticism of the Vlasovites from the Reich officials was summarised in a document by the Ministry of Propaganda
779:
with the citation of the source. The program documents were also written as a compromise with Nazism to various extents: the
Smolensk declaration included some pro-Nazi points ("Germany was not fighting the war against the Russian people and their homeland but merely against Bolshevism"), and the
1028:
and other U.S. troops. In a move that Allied command kept secret for many years, they were then forcefully handed over to the
Soviets by the Western Allies, due to a previous agreement between Churchill and Stalin that all ROA soldiers would be returned to the USSR. Some Allied officers who were
788:
who described his concerns about the movement being "not
National Socialist": "It is significant that it does not fight Jewry, that the Jewish Question is not recognized as such at all"; instead it presented "a watered-down infusion of liberal and Bolshevik ideologies", and Taubert described the
2736:
733:(an important document which was written by rather minor members of the KONR as open for discussion and was not recognized as an official program), both to the Western capitalism and Stalinism, which was called by the word "Bolshevism" and described in the Manifesto not as
1170:
948:. The only active combat the Russian Liberation Army undertook against the Red Army was by the Oder River on 11 April 1945, largely at the insistence of Himmler, as a test of the army's reliability. After three days, the outnumbered 1st Division had to retreat.
555:
Although Hitler's staff repeatedly refused to even consider the idea, Vlasov and his allies reasoned that Hitler would eventually come to realize the futility of a war against the USSR without winning over the Russian people, and respond to Vlasov's demands.
480:, but would directly be under the command of KONR, and Vlasov became the commander in chief of the ROA. In May 1945, the 1st divison of the ROA, while being the only completed division of the existing three, switched sides and joined the anti-Nazi
1002:
units that had been sent to level the city. The ROA units, armed with heavy weaponry, fended off the relentless SS assault, and together with the Czech insurgents succeeded in preserving most of Prague from destruction. Due to the predominance of
187:
958:
Vlasov then ordered the first division to march south to concentrate all Russian anti-communist forces loyal to him. As an army, he reasoned, they could all surrender to the Western Allies on "favorable" terms, which particularly meant no
2941:
717:
675:
963:
to the Soviet Union. Vlasov sent several secret delegations to the Western Allies to begin negotiating a surrender, hoping they would sympathise with the goals of ROA and potentially use it in an inevitable future war with the USSR.
1708:
Meuterei in der Nacht vom 19. zum 20 September 1943“, 23.9.43, RH20-2/558 Komm.d.rückw. Armee-gebiet 580 3666/43, 30.9.43, RH20-2/558 „Zuverlässigkeit der Ostverbänden“, “ Komm. Der Osttruppen z.b.v. 720 beim Aok 2 1042/43, 7.10.43
502:, which can be translated as "those willing to help") were not under any Russian command or control; they were exclusively under German command carrying out various non-combat duties. A number of them were employed at the
1717:
RH20-8/979 >„Zuverlässigkeit landeseigener Verbände“, AOK 8 Ia 4844/3, 1.10.43 "“Alle landeseigenen Verbände sind bei Feindberührung unzuverlässig. Hauptgrunde der Unzuverlässigkeit sind der Einsatz der Verbände im
2869:
1181:
664:
wrote that Vlasov's " program shows that he was entirely out of sympathy with Nazism, and only concerned with a democratic Russia." Ideologically, the Vlasov movement was between the Russian nationalism of the
580:
had to withdraw Sturm-Btl. AOK 2 in order to deal with what was described as "several mutinies and desertions of Eastern units". A 14 September communication from the army states that in the recent period,
992:
against the German occupation, which started on May 5, 1945. Vlasov was initially reluctant to agree to that move, but ultimately did not resist General Bunyachenko's decision to fight against the Germans.
692:
and the creation of its Manifesto, the political organization of the Vlasovites, Zykov was a major ideologue of the Vlasov army and participated in writing of the other Vlasovite program documents.
3511:
3012:
476:
Russia, with the KONR being formed as a political body to which the army pledged loyalty. On 28 January 1945, it was officially declared that the Russian divisions no longer form part of the
2727:
450:(1917–23). The political platform of the ROA was formulated mainly by Vlasov and his associates, who were products of Soviet society, so the declared principles of the Vlasovites were
559:
Irrespective of the political wrangling over Vlasov and the status of the ROA, by mid-1943 several hundred thousand ex-Soviet volunteers were serving in the German forces, either as
1165:
2004:
1969:
3469:
3252:
3800:
761:
also contained an attempt in critique of Marxism and denied both internationalism and national chauvinism. However, antisemitic remarks were made in one of the speeches of
669:, as its ideologues surrounded Vlasov with the support of the Nazis, and the other POWs which held to more social democratic views; some of Vlasov's close associates like
589:
Since it was felt that the reliability of Russian volunteers would improve if they were removed from contact with the local population, it was decided to send them to the
3005:
729:
The Vlasovites opposed their programs, the Smolensk Declaration, Vlasov's open letter "Why I Decided to Fight against Bolshevism", the Prague Manifesto of the KONR and
3795:
1176:
839:. This document stated the purposes of the battle against Stalin, and spelled out 14 points which the army was fighting for. German insistence that the document carry
548:, hoping that the green light would be given for the formation of a real armed force that would be exclusively under Russian control. They were able to win over only
3213:
2066:
3790:
3725:
2453:
2005:
Elizabeth M.F. Grasmeder, "Leaning on Legionnaires: Why Modern States Recruit Foreign Soldiers," International Security (July 2021), Vol 46 (No. 1), pp. 147–195.
1970:
Elizabeth M.F. Grasmeder, "Leaning on Legionnaires: Why Modern States Recruit Foreign Soldiers," International Security (July 2021), Vol 46 (No. 1), pp. 147–195.
2998:
3109:
2717:
1546:
1206:
1040:, and those who were repatriated were tried and sentenced to detention in prison camps. Vlasov and several other leaders of the ROA were tried and hanged in
836:
689:
393:
119:
40:
2165:
1836:
3414:
3116:
3621:
1121:
933:
766:
723:
3775:
3500:
2703:
2694:
2615:
2075:
1508:
357:
3785:
3744:
3666:
2864:
2538:
2436:
1105:
510:'s strength was USSR citizens. Soon, several German commanders began to use them in small armed units for various tasks, including combat against
3702:
2441:
2424:
688:. Despite being captured by the Nazi secret police and killed, ostensibly for his Jewish origins and for his views, before the formation of the
3737:
3673:
3219:
2936:
2203:
912:
712:
670:
530:
3615:
3564:
3225:
2570:
896:, which caused it to nearly double in size as it marched south. A third, the 3rd Infantry (700th German Infantry), had only begun formation.
881:
859:
789:
concern with "strong Anglophile sympathies" and it "toying with the idea of a possible change of course" while not "feel bound to Germany".
2620:
2550:
2059:
2009:
3198:
3062:
3037:
2969:
2263:
2258:
1518:
1021:. The Western Allies, however, were not interested in aiding or sheltering the ROA, fearing such aid would harm relations with the USSR.
1580:
812:
797:
3230:
3146:
3057:
2446:
2431:
3343:
3123:
3051:
3044:
2637:
2128:
925:
as the turn of events did not permit Vlasov to use the troops in any operation (even reliable communications were often impossible).
780:
Manifesto included a number of criticims of the Western Allies as a compromise with Himmler's insistence to add antisemitic points.
3642:
2979:
2808:
666:
544:
Meanwhile, the newly captured Soviet general Vlasov, along with his German and Russian allies, was desperately lobbying the German
458:
of 1917, while they tried to avoid Nazi antisemitism and chauvinism and form a political movement independent of the Nazi control.
3707:
3242:
2740:
2595:
2052:
944:
A small group of ROA volunteers fought against the Red Army on 9 February 1945. Their fighting spirit earned them the praise of
3636:
3247:
3170:
1025:
3599:
2033:
972:
3352:
2687:
1778:
1526:
536:
3267:
3193:
2632:
596:
Many of these battalions were integrated into the divisions in the West. A number of the Russian soldiers were on guard in
3686:
3419:
3156:
2419:
2381:
2038:
749:, and to ideals of either a "Russia without Bolsheviks and Capitalists" (Smolensk Declaration and the open letter), or a
69:
2580:
1837:
https://publish.iupress.indiana.edu/read/revolution-and-politics-in-russia/section/5fca03a9-07f9-4566-b065-5cba78d09c4d
2803:
3088:
2793:
2135:
2079:
2014:
1903:
1876:
1647:
2044:
928:
3780:
3072:
2747:
2680:
2605:
2528:
1513:
2028:
1937:
1794:
Covert Network: Progressives, the International Rescue Committee, and the CIA - Eric Thomas Chester - Google Books
3626:
3203:
3185:
2610:
2243:
576:
Following the German defeats in the summer of 1943 the units began to disintegrate. On 12 September for example,
2208:
3301:
2513:
893:
654:
with the Russian imperial double-headed eagle above him; the drawing is dedicated to the Russian White general
163:
3522:
3208:
2959:
2575:
2304:
1029:
sympathetic to the ROA soldiers permitted them to escape in small groups into the American-controlled zones.
904:
3067:
2783:
2490:
2458:
590:
431:
206:
182:
45:
2555:
273:
2788:
2778:
2533:
2145:
2034:
Russian Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in World War II by Lt. Gen Wladyslaw Anders and Antonio Munoz
462:
described their political program as "democratic" while the Nazis called it an "infusion of liberal and
3292:
2657:
2625:
2590:
2334:
1639:
1161:
1089:
951:
On 28 January 1945, it was officially declared that the Russian divisions no longer formed part of the
529:
volunteered to serve under German command just to get out of Nazi POW camps, which were notorious for
3680:
3589:
3478:
2911:
2644:
2565:
2366:
2356:
988:
During the march south, the first division of the ROA came to the help of the Czech partisans in the
700:
1727:
Recorded for instance in RH20-2/558 ”Verlegung von Landeseigenen Verbänden“ AOK 2 Ia 989/43, 30.9.43
2798:
2652:
2391:
2253:
2198:
2193:
2118:
824:
persuaded a very reluctant Hitler to permit the formation of 10 Russian Liberation Army divisions.
741:", and proclaimed their devotion to "completing the Revolution" of 1917 without distinguishing the
1013:("council"), the first division had to leave the city the very next day and tried to surrender to
771:
2600:
2560:
2518:
2500:
2495:
2414:
2371:
2361:
2346:
2294:
2188:
2150:
952:
545:
477:
365:
3485:
2672:
3584:
3130:
2990:
2931:
2170:
1698:
Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv (BA-MA) RH20-2/558 ”Entweichen von HiWi”, AOK 2 Ia 3385/43, 14.9.43
1585:
848:
605:
611:
A total of 71 "Eastern" battalions served on the Eastern Front, while 42 battalions served in
3440:
2974:
2376:
1821:
1793:
919:
formations, had agreed to become a part of Vlasov's army. However, their membership remained
1558:
remained unpublished because at the time of his death it was still considered highly secret.
867:
3454:
2849:
2468:
2341:
2329:
2319:
2213:
2178:
908:
577:
518:
507:
503:
8:
3393:
2881:
2473:
2386:
2314:
2238:
742:
3604:
3541:
3365:
3327:
2839:
2834:
2824:
2248:
1895:"Enemies of the People" Under the Soviets: A History of Repression and Its Consequences
1602:
1503:
1099:
1083:
1077:
863:
746:
708:
455:
235:
1175:, defected and became part of the ROA air force, which was commanded by Major General
977:
630:
The Russian Liberation Army Air Arm was disbanded in July 1944 before seeing combat.
3559:
3372:
3313:
3277:
2916:
2854:
2543:
2074:
1899:
1872:
1774:
1643:
1606:
916:
447:
439:
35:
2123:
471:
85:
3386:
3163:
2891:
2876:
2859:
2773:
2231:
2218:
2183:
1594:
1157:
1018:
945:
889:
832:
821:
785:
762:
738:
549:
526:
511:
498:
303:
239:
192:
1682:"РОА: предатели или патриоты? | История, культура и традиции Рязанского края"
3358:
3320:
2964:
2585:
2285:
1950:
1893:
1805:
1768:
989:
937:
874:
661:
481:
459:
451:
435:
430:
Vlasov agreed to collaborate with Nazi Germany after having been captured on the
295:
197:
2906:
2752:
2722:
2463:
2406:
2140:
1807:
Vlasov: Translated from the German by Abe Farbstein. [1st American Ed.]
454:, right of the nations to self-determination and devotion to the ideals of the
1826:. Documentary Studies Section, International Information Administration. 1958.
1636:
Vlasov and the Russian Liberation Movement: Soviet Reality and Emigré Theories
1024:
More than a thousand soldiers were initially taken into Allied custody by the
3769:
3548:
3236:
2926:
2921:
2901:
2896:
2886:
2844:
2155:
2106:
1014:
900:
885:
870:, it fought briefly on the Oder Front before switching sides and helping the
840:
801:
750:
655:
373:
228:
16:
Nazi German military unit mostly composed of Soviet defectors in World War II
1750:
1664:
The Stalingrad Cauldron: Inside the Encirclement and Destruction of 6th Army
3447:
3022:
2829:
2508:
2268:
2101:
960:
380:
general who had defected, and members of the army are often referred to as
369:
319:
177:
105:
3574:
2273:
2092:
1598:
685:
647:
565:
268:
1246:
638:
593:, and the majority of them were re-deployed in late 1943 or early 1944.
3379:
1308:
1004:
967:
852:
651:
469:
The ROA existed only in Nazi propaganda until November 1944, while the
443:
1852:
The Unknown Eastern Front: The Wehrmacht and Hitler's Foreign Soldiers
1681:
1430:
1368:
703:, a major contributor to the Vlasov Movement and author of the memoir
3752:
3529:
3099:
2523:
2483:
2478:
2309:
1581:"Leaning on Legionnaires: Why Modern States Recruit Foreign Soldiers"
1266:
998:
844:
805:
734:
522:
463:
136:
862:(600th Infantry), was fully organised, under the command of General
2351:
2299:
2160:
2029:
Russian Liberation Army information page by veteran Alexander Dubov
1348:
643:
597:
377:
361:
132:
1450:
1410:
1388:
3307:
2702:
1037:
921:
681:
616:
612:
278:
3020:
1226:
847:, but they were obliged to include a statement criticising the
1470:
1288:
1041:
981:
871:
828:
695:
620:
514:, driving vehicles, carrying wounded, and delivering supplies.
1919:
1328:
256:
2324:
820:
The ROA did not officially exist until autumn of 1944, after
624:
601:
2718:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR)
650:
depicts Vlasov as a far-right reactionary surrounded by the
525:
in hopes of joining an army that did not exist. Many Soviet
506:, where it was estimated that as much as one quarter of the
434:. The soldiers of the ROA command were mostly former Soviet
1009:
855:" that were "allies of Stalin in his conquest of Europe".
976:
Mass grave of two generals and 187 unknown ROA soldiers,
722:, the leading ideologue of the ROA and a "Marxist"; Gen.
407:
Vooruzhonnyye sily Komiteta osvobozhdeniya narodov Rossii
1126:
Did not finish forming, had about 10,000 unarmed men.
888:
but was sent into action under the command of General
604:
but, without the equipment or motivation to fight the
1988:
Corridor of Honour. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis 1958.
837:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
690:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
400:Вооружённые силы Комитета освобождения народов России
394:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
120:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
41:
Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia
3801:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
968:
Fight against the Germans and capture by the Soviets
1983:– CBS Documentary Documentary Series, December 1962
955:, but would be directly under the command of KONR.
442:, some of whom were veterans of the anti-communist
1745:
1743:
3796:Military units and formations established in 1942
1633:
1509:Collaboration in the German-occupied Soviet Union
1032:The Soviet government labelled all ROA soldiers (
3767:
563:s or in Eastern volunteer units (referred to as
3703:Orders, decorations, and medals of Nazi Germany
1740:
892:. This division was joined in large numbers by
3791:White movement collaborators with Nazi Germany
2204:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
2076:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
884:(650th Infantry), was incomplete when it left
843:rhetoric was successfully parried by Vlasov's
3006:
2704:Russian collaborationism with the Axis powers
2688:
2060:
1862:
1860:
1110:Not fully armed or prepared, had 11,856 men.
420:
412:
405:
398:
385:
350:
343:
331:
323:
312:
3750:
1920:"75. výročí konce 2. světové války v Evropě"
1186:. The air force was disbanded in July 1944.
1951:"Русская Освободительная Армия 1942-45гг."
1869:Foreign Volunteers of the Wehrmacht 1941-45
1676:
1674:
1672:
707:; unidentified SS officer; SS propagandist
34:It has been suggested that this article be
3013:
2999:
2695:
2681:
2067:
2053:
1857:
1846:
1844:
1142:(1st Eastern Squadron-Russian) (1943–1944)
996:The first division engaged in battle with
372:. Since January 1945, the army was led by
68:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1578:
899:Several other Russian units, such as the
858:By February 1945, only one division, the
3776:Foreign volunteer units of the Wehrmacht
3097:
2980:National Alliance of Russian Solidarists
2809:30th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS
1981:Army of the Damned: on Twentieth Century
1891:
1669:
971:
927:
811:
796:
694:
642:Caricature "General Vlasov, the Russian
637:
535:
3786:Russian collaborators with Nazi Germany
1841:
915:of Ataman Domanov, and other primarily
633:
3768:
1866:
1620:
74:General Vlasov and soldiers of the ROA
2994:
2676:
2048:
2039:Russian Liberation Army, rare footage
1527:National Committee for a Free Germany
816:ROA troops in Belgium or France, 1944
1149:(Night Harassment Squadron) 8 (1945)
1092:. Had a total of around 20,000 men.
517:As a result, some Red Army soldiers
20:
2382:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
1854:. London: I.B. Tauris, 2012. Print.
1787:
1751:""Рубать немцев, освободить Прагу""
540:Training classes for recruits, 1944
390:). In 1944, it became known as the
13:
3627:Russian Protective Corps in Serbia
2728:National Socialist Party of Russia
1938:"Кто в 1945 году освободил Прагу?"
1579:Grasmeder, Elizabeth M.F. (2021).
1088:Included members of the disbanded
1047:
531:starving Soviet prisoners to death
14:
3812:
3089:Comparative ranks of Nazi Germany
2136:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
1993:
1871:. Osprey Publishing. p. 28.
1773:. Oxford University Press. 1990.
1666:. N.p.: U of Kansas, 2013. Print.
1522:foreign volunteers and conscripts
1115:700th (Russian) Infantry Division
1097:650th (Russian) Infantry Division
1075:600th (Russian) Infantry Division
684:", Zykov was also described as a
3420:Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce
3021:Ranks, uniforms and insignia of
2232:Russian Liberation People's Army
2010:It's Too Early To Forgive Vlasov
1975:The Gulag Archipelago: 1918-1956
1770:The Great Terror: A Reassessment
1514:Russian Monument (Liechtenstein)
1469:
1449:
1429:
1409:
1387:
1367:
1347:
1327:
1307:
1287:
1265:
1245:
1225:
1166:Bronislav Romanovich Antilevsky
314:Russkaya osvoboditel'naya armiya
277:
272:
267:
255:
113:
98:
25:
3204:National Socialist Flyers Corps
2804:1st SS Special Regiment Waräger
2244:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
1944:
1930:
1912:
1885:
1830:
1814:
1798:
1761:
1730:
1551:
3214:National Socialist Motor Corps
2794:Russian National People's Army
1721:
1711:
1701:
1692:
1656:
1572:
1539:
711:; Captain von Dellingshausen;
164:We Are Marching in Wide Fields
1:
3209:German Air Sports Association
2960:Eastern Front of World War II
2748:Russian People's Labour Party
2305:Collaborationist Chinese Army
1565:
1140:Ostfliegerstaffel (russische)
905:XVth SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
608:, most promptly surrendered.
308:Русская освободительная армия
3622:Independent State of Croatia
2784:1st Cossack Cavalry Division
1977:by Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn
792:
89:) / 1944 (officially) – 1945
7:
3171:Esoteric insignia of the SS
2789:First Russian National Army
2779:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
2146:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
1497:
421:
406:
351:
332:
313:
51:Proposed since August 2024.
10:
3817:
3594:
3293:Reich Security Main Office
3253:Women's Auxiliary Services
2335:First Indian National Army
1963:
1898:. McFarland. p. 171.
1640:Cambridge University Press
1634:Catherine Andreev (1987).
1162:Semyon Trofimovich Bychkov
487:
358:collaborationist formation
3718:
3695:
3658:
3590:Byelorussian Home Defence
3499:
3468:
3432:
3407:
3341:
3291:
3265:
3184:
3144:
3081:
3029:
2952:
2912:Wilfried Strik-Strikfeldt
2817:
2761:
2710:
2404:
2284:
2100:
2090:
2086:
1406:
1284:
1239:General der Waffengattung
1222:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
835:before the newly created
804:speaking to ROA men near
705:Against Stalin and Hitler
701:Wilfried Strik-Strikfeldt
680:described themselves as "
492:These volunteers (called
413:
399:
386:
344:
324:
307:
300:Russische Befreiungsarmee
264:Flags of the KONR and ROA
263:
251:
246:
222:
217:
170:
158:
150:
142:
128:
93:
79:
67:
62:
3523:Groupe mobile de réserve
2799:Russian Protective Corps
2254:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
2199:National Republican Army
2194:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2119:Albanian Fascist Militia
2015:The St. Petersburg Times
1892:Julicher, Peter (2015).
1532:
1189:
1177:Maltsev Viktor Ivanovich
1117:3rd Division of the KONR
1100:2nd Division of the KONR
1078:1st Division of the KONR
831:, Vlasov read aloud the
360:, primarily composed of
154:Vlasovites ("Vlasovtsy")
3781:Russian Liberation Army
3595:Russian Liberation Army
3565:Italian Social Republic
3501:Collaborationist forces
3186:Nazi Paramilitary ranks
2769:Russian Liberation Army
2711:Political organizations
2372:Royal Thai Armed Forces
2362:Manchukuo Imperial Army
2347:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
2295:Burma Independence Army
2227:Russian Liberation Army
2189:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
2151:Belarusian Home Defence
2115:Albanian collaborators
1867:Jurado, Carlos (1983).
1545:as Armed Forces of the
1052:The composition of the
880:A second division, the
438:but also included some
292:Russian Liberation Army
188:Operation April Weather
63:Russian Liberation Army
3751:
3073:League of German Girls
2932:Konstantin Voskoboinik
2357:Malayan Volunteer Army
2223:Russian collaborators
2171:Finnish Defence Forces
1586:International Security
1156:Two ace pilots of the
1026:44th Infantry Division
985:
941:
817:
809:
726:
658:
541:
299:
3353:Administrative police
2975:Russian Fascist Party
2377:Russian Fascist Party
2166:Croatian Armed Forces
1956:Retrieved 2019-07-12.
1850:Müller, Rolf-Dieter.
1823:Problems of Communism
975:
931:
815:
800:
777:Völkischer Beobachter
772:Völkischer Beobachter
759:Bloknot Propagandista
755:Bloknot Propagandista
731:Bloknot Propagandista
698:
641:
571:landeseigene Verbände
569:("Eastern units") or
539:
440:White Russian émigrés
146:125,000 troops (1945)
123:(since November 1944)
3486:Deutsche Jägerschaft
3226:Reich Labour Service
3220:Reichsluftschutzbund
2850:Constantine Kromiadi
2342:Inner Mongolian Army
2330:Indian National Army
2214:Royal Hungarian Army
2209:Romanian Land Forces
1599:10.1162/isec_a_00411
909:Helmuth von Pannwitz
769:'s interview to the
634:Ideology and program
504:Battle of Stalingrad
392:Armed Forces of the
364:, that fought under
338:, also known as the
232:(since January 1945)
109:(until January 1945)
3479:Forstschutzkommando
3394:Technische Nothilfe
3131:Geheime Feldpolizei
2882:Vyacheslav Naumenko
2387:Takasago Volunteers
2315:Gando Special Force
2239:Security Battalions
1060:
1044:on August 1, 1946.
932:Vlasov and General
743:February Revolution
496:, a compression of
3366:Feuerschutzpolizei
3328:Sicherheitspolizei
3082:Ranks and insignia
2840:Sultan Klych-Girey
2835:Bronislav Kaminski
2825:Sergei Bunyachenko
2249:Slovene Home Guard
1986:Fersen, Nicholas.
1924:vitezstvi.praha.eu
1504:Operation Keelhaul
1255:General-leytenant
1252:Генерал-лейтенант
1084:Sergei Bunyachenko
1059:
986:
942:
864:Sergei Bunyachenko
851:, labelling them "
827:On 14 November in
818:
810:
747:October Revolution
727:
659:
542:
456:Russian Revolution
352:Vlasovskaya armiya
236:Sergei Bunyachenko
3763:
3762:
3654:
3653:
3495:
3494:
3464:
3463:
3428:
3427:
3403:
3402:
3373:Luftschutzpolizei
3337:
3336:
3314:Sicherheitsdienst
3287:
3286:
3278:Bahnschutzpolizei
3261:
3260:
3243:Organisation Todt
3180:
3179:
3140:
3139:
2988:
2987:
2970:Lienz extradition
2917:Sergey Taboritsky
2855:Antonina Makarova
2762:Combat formations
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2649:
2505:
2400:
2399:
2288:collaborationists
2264:Wehrmacht foreign
2259:Waffen-SS foreign
2175:
2109:collaborationists
2018:, 6 November 2001
1780:978-0-19-507132-0
1495:
1494:
1203:Translisteration
1130:
1129:
1007:in the new Czech
936:(center) meeting
448:Russian Civil War
411:, abbreviated as
285:
284:
233:
124:
110:
58:
57:
53:
3808:
3756:
3530:Milice française
3497:
3496:
3466:
3465:
3430:
3429:
3405:
3404:
3387:Schutzmannschaft
3339:
3338:
3289:
3288:
3263:
3262:
3231:German Red Cross
3182:
3181:
3142:
3141:
3095:
3094:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2945:
2892:Anatoly Rogozhin
2877:Mikhail Meandrov
2873:
2860:Vasily Malyshkin
2774:Kaminski Brigade
2744:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2674:
2673:
2647:
2503:
2219:Royal Iraqi Army
2173:
2098:
2097:
2088:
2087:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2046:
2045:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1864:
1855:
1848:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1802:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1631:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1576:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1473:
1453:
1433:
1413:
1391:
1371:
1351:
1331:
1311:
1291:
1269:
1249:
1229:
1207:Comparative rank
1194:
1193:
1185:
1174:
1158:Soviet Air Force
1147:Störkampfstaffel
1122:Mikhail Shapalov
1090:Kaminsky Brigade
1061:
1058:
1056:was as follows:
984:, Czech Republic
946:Heinrich Himmler
934:Georgi Zhilenkov
890:Mikhail Meandrov
833:Prague Manifesto
822:Heinrich Himmler
786:Eberhard Taubert
767:Georgi Zhilenkov
763:Vasily Malyshkin
739:state capitalism
724:Georgi Zhilenkov
721:
679:
552:to some extent.
550:Alfred Rosenberg
527:prisoners of war
512:Soviet partisans
436:prisoners of war
424:
416:
415:
409:
402:
401:
389:
388:
354:
347:
346:
345:Власовская армия
335:
327:
326:
316:
309:
281:
276:
271:
259:
240:Mikhail Meandrov
231:
193:Prague offensive
122:
118:
117:
116:
108:
104:
102:
101:
72:
60:
59:
49:
29:
28:
21:
3816:
3815:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3714:
3691:
3650:
3637:Slovak Republic
3633:Czechoslovakia
3585:Armenian Legion
3491:
3460:
3441:Transportflotte
3424:
3399:
3344:Ordnungspolizei
3333:
3321:Zollgrenzschutz
3302:Kriminalpolizei
3283:
3257:
3176:
3136:
3093:
3077:
3025:
3019:
2989:
2984:
2965:Prague uprising
2948:
2939:
2867:
2813:
2757:
2730:
2706:
2701:
2671:
2662:
2425:Italian Albania
2396:
2280:
2105:
2082:
2073:
1996:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1949:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1755:www.svoboda.org
1749:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1680:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1632:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1500:
1259:Generalleutnant
1208:
1192:
1179:
1168:
1116:
1098:
1076:
1050:
1048:Order of battle
990:Prague uprising
978:Olšany Cemetery
970:
940:(February 1945)
938:Joseph Goebbels
894:eastern workers
875:liberate Prague
795:
715:
709:Gunter d'Alquen
699:Left to right:
673:
662:Robert Conquest
636:
490:
482:Prague uprising
460:Robert Conquest
452:anti-capitalism
288:
242:
238:
234:
224:
213:
198:Prague Uprising
135:
114:
112:
111:
99:
97:
75:
54:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3814:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3748:
3741:
3734:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3616:Einsatzstaffel
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3560:Black Brigades
3554:
3553:
3552:
3545:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3505:
3503:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3474:
3472:
3470:Forest Service
3462:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3455:Transportkorps
3451:
3444:
3436:
3434:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3305:
3297:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3273:
3271:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3152:
3150:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3105:
3103:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3083:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3018:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2907:Boris Shteifon
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2865:Viktor Maltsev
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2753:Zuyev Republic
2750:
2745:
2725:
2723:Lokot Autonomy
2720:
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
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2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2420:German Albania
2411:
2409:
2407:Axis countries
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2392:Vanguard Youth
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Armistice Army
2138:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2124:Balli Kombëtar
2121:
2112:
2110:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2080:Imperial Japan
2072:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1994:External links
1992:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1943:
1929:
1911:
1904:
1884:
1877:
1856:
1840:
1829:
1813:
1810:. Knopf. 1970.
1797:
1786:
1779:
1760:
1739:
1729:
1720:
1710:
1700:
1691:
1668:
1662:Ellis, Frank.
1655:
1648:
1619:
1593:(1): 147–195.
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1439:Unter-ofitser
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1321:Oberstleutnant
1318:
1315:
1312:
1304:
1303:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1275:General-mayor
1273:
1272:Генерал-майор
1270:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1242:
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1211:
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1198:
1191:
1188:
1154:
1153:
1152:KONR Air Force
1150:
1143:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1120:Major General
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:Grigory Zverev
1104:Major General
1102:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1082:Major General
1080:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1049:
1046:
969:
966:
849:Western Allies
794:
791:
765:and in and in
635:
632:
489:
486:
366:German command
286:
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3659:Corps colours
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3643:Vládní vojsko
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3164:Allgemeine SS
3161:
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3147:Schutzstaffel
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2927:Andrey Vlasov
2925:
2923:
2922:Fyodor Truhin
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Andrei Shkuro
2900:
2898:
2897:Igor Sakharov
2895:
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2887:Mikhail Oktan
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2845:Pyotr Krasnov
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2179:Golden Square
2177:
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2156:Blue Division
2154:
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2129:Cham Albanian
2127:
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2017:
2016:
2011:
2008:
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1998:
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1989:
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1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1955:
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1947:
1940:. 8 May 2015.
1939:
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1905:9780786496716
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1443:Unteroffizier
1441:
1438:
1436:Унтер-офицер
1435:
1432:
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1317:Podpolkovnik
1316:
1314:Подполковник
1313:
1310:
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1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1015:US Third Army
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
1000:
994:
991:
983:
979:
974:
965:
962:
956:
954:
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926:
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923:
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901:Russian Corps
897:
895:
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886:Lager Heuberg
883:
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869:
865:
861:
856:
854:
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834:
830:
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823:
814:
808:, autumn 1944
807:
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751:welfare state
748:
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719:
714:
710:
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656:Anton Denikin
653:
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645:
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631:
628:
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622:
618:
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609:
607:
603:
599:
594:
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591:Western Front
587:
584:
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557:
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547:
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501:
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499:Hilfswilliger
495:
485:
483:
479:
474:
473:
467:
466:ideologies".
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:Eastern Front
428:
426:
425:
423:
410:
408:
396:
395:
383:
379:
375:
374:Andrey Vlasov
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
353:
341:
337:
336:
334:
321:
317:
315:
305:
301:
297:
293:
287:Military unit
280:
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266:
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254:
250:
245:
241:
237:
230:
229:Andrey Vlasov
227:
221:
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208:
207:Western Front
205:
199:
196:
195:
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191:
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185:
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183:Eastern Front
181:
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107:
96:
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88:
87:
82:
78:
71:
66:
61:
52:
47:
43:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
3745:Kriegsmarine
3743:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3641:
3614:
3547:
3540:
3528:
3521:
3484:
3477:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3342:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3300:
3276:
3266:
3248:Hitler Youth
3235:
3218:
3162:
3155:
3145:
3129:
3124:Kriegsmarine
3122:
3115:
3108:
3098:
3052:Kriegsmarine
3050:
3043:
3036:
3023:Nazi Germany
2937:Milety Zykov
2830:Vladimir Gil
2768:
2616:Soviet Union
2504:(until 1944)
2269:Afrika Korps
2226:
2174:(until 1944)
2013:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1952:
1946:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1894:
1887:
1868:
1851:
1832:
1822:
1816:
1806:
1800:
1789:
1769:
1763:
1754:
1732:
1723:
1713:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1663:
1658:
1635:
1610:. Retrieved
1590:
1584:
1574:
1553:
1541:
1519:
1482:
1462:
1442:
1422:
1419:Fel'dfebel'
1416:Фельдфебель
1400:
1397:Podporuchik
1381:Oberleutnant
1380:
1360:
1340:
1320:
1300:
1279:Generalmajor
1278:
1258:
1238:
1155:
1146:
1139:
1133:Air elements
1132:
1131:
1053:
1051:
1033:
1031:
1023:
1008:
997:
995:
987:
961:repatriation
957:
950:
943:
920:
917:White émigré
913:Cossack Camp
898:
882:2nd Infantry
879:
866:. Formed at
860:1st Infantry
857:
853:plutocracies
841:anti-Semitic
826:
819:
782:
776:
770:
758:
754:
730:
728:
713:Milety Zykov
704:
671:Milety Zykov
660:
652:White Guards
646:" (1943) by
629:
610:
595:
588:
582:
575:
570:
566:Osteinheiten
564:
560:
558:
554:
546:high command
543:
516:
497:
493:
491:
470:
468:
429:
419:
418:
404:
391:
381:
370:World War II
349:
339:
330:
329:
311:
291:
289:
178:World War II
162:
106:Nazi Germany
84:
50:
39:
18:
3696:Decorations
3611:Yugoslavia
3575:Blue Police
3359:Gendarmerie
2940: [
2868: [
2731: [
2621:Byelorussia
2591:Philippines
2581:Netherlands
2274:Ostlegionen
2093:Axis forces
1953:Armor Kiev.
1394:Подпоручик
1209:in the Army
1180: [
1169: [
1017:of General
953:German Army
907:of General
716: [
686:Bukharinist
674: [
648:Arthur Szyk
519:surrendered
478:German Army
340:Vlasov army
320:abbreviated
171:Engagements
151:Nickname(s)
3770:Categories
3708:Nazi Party
3542:Rikshirden
3380:Postschutz
3268:Reichsbahn
3237:Volkssturm
3194:Nazi Party
3169:(see also
2571:Luxembourg
1566:References
1459:Yefreytor
1297:Polkovnik
1294:Полковник
1005:communists
737:, but as "
472:Osttruppen
444:White Army
225:commanders
218:Commanders
94:Allegiance
86:Osttruppen
3753:Blutfahne
3738:Luftwaffe
3727:Wehrmacht
3681:Waffen-SS
3674:Luftwaffe
3408:Rosenberg
3157:Waffen-SS
3117:Luftwaffe
3100:Wehrmacht
3045:Luftwaffe
2648:(limited)
2551:Indonesia
2529:Indochina
2479:Manchukuo
2447:Lithuania
2405:Lists by
2310:Gakutotai
2091:Lists by
1686:62info.ru
1607:236094319
1520:Wehrmacht
1463:Gefreiter
1456:Ефрейтор
1423:Feldwebel
1377:Poruchik
1361:Hauptmann
1218:Shoulder
1197:Insignia
1067:Commander
1034:vlasovtsy
999:Waffen-SS
868:Münsingen
845:committee
806:Dabendorf
793:Formation
784:official
735:socialism
464:Bolshevik
446:from the
382:Vlasovtsy
137:Air force
83:1943 (as
3605:Trawniki
3508:Denmark
3030:Uniforms
2956:See also
2653:Thailand
2633:Chechnya
2611:Slovakia
2534:Cambodia
2484:Mongolia
2459:Bulgaria
2352:Makapili
2300:Chinilpa
2286:Japanese
2161:Chetniks
1999:Articles
1498:See also
1489:Source:
1401:Leutnant
1374:Поручик
1357:Kapitan
1354:Капитан
1235:General
1232:Генерал
1064:Division
1038:traitors
745:and the
682:Marxists
644:Quisling
598:Normandy
578:2nd Army
523:defected
508:6th Army
387:Власовцы
378:Red Army
362:Russians
356:) was a
247:Insignia
133:Infantry
3571:Poland
3537:Norway
3308:Gestapo
2638:Ukraine
2626:Belarus
2601:Romania
2544:Vietnam
2519:Hungary
2501:Finland
2496:Denmark
2491:Croatia
2454:Belgium
2437:Estonia
2415:Albania
2107:Italian
2041:(video)
1964:Sources
1718:Osten“.
1612:30 July
1479:Soldat
1476:Солдат
1215:Collar
1054:VS-KONR
922:de jure
617:Finland
613:Belgium
488:Origins
422:VS KONR
414:ВС КОНР
368:during
304:Russian
223:Notable
46:Discuss
3556:Italy
3448:Legion
2818:People
2658:Taiwan
2606:Serbia
2596:Poland
2586:Norway
2576:Malaya
2514:Greece
2509:France
2469:Ceylon
2442:Latvia
2102:German
1902:
1875:
1777:
1646:
1605:
1483:Soldat
1337:Mayor
1334:Майор
1301:Oberst
1070:Notes
1042:Moscow
1019:Patton
982:Prague
911:, the
872:Czechs
829:Prague
802:Vlasov
623:, and
621:France
606:Allies
296:German
103:
80:Active
36:merged
3719:Flags
3512:DNSAP
3433:Speer
2944:]
2872:]
2743:]
2645:Spain
2566:Korea
2561:Italy
2524:India
2474:China
2464:Burma
2325:Heiho
2023:Other
1603:S2CID
1533:Notes
1341:Major
1200:Rank
1190:Ranks
1184:]
1173:]
1036:) as
720:]
678:]
625:Italy
602:D-Day
252:Badge
159:March
38:with
3731:Heer
3729:and
3667:Heer
3600:RONA
3415:RMBO
3110:Heer
3038:Heer
2556:Iraq
2539:Laos
2367:PETA
2184:Hiwi
2078:and
1900:ISBN
1873:ISBN
1775:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1614:2021
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