186:
colonies. In 1757 the London
Chronicle estimated that French West Indies trade had fallen by 70% since the opening of hostilities. This 70% drop in trade was triggered by British privateering of French ships. France was not able to supply its West Indies colonies due to Britain's naval superiority and lock on trade routes. The French government in Versailles proposed that French goods be carried on neutral ships from the United Provinces or Spain. French goods would be able to reach their intended destinations and the neutral nation would benefit from participating in the exclusive market. France was forced to remove the trade monopoly it had with its colonies and allowed other nations to supply them with goods. In 1758 the Rule of 1756 was amended to eliminate the loophole France had discovered. The Rule of 1756 was adjusted to its modern form permitting the privateering of all ships carrying French goods. British privateers received permission to act even more aggressively at sea and were granted permission to conduct searches of neutral vessels.
198:. In 1805 the antiquated Rule of 1756 would be reinstated by Britain. American shippers had been taking advantage of the hostilities in Europe. American ports were used as a stopping point while shipping goods to French and Spanish islands in the West Indies. By stopping at an American port, the Americans could evade seizure under the Rule of 1756. Britain noticed this loophole and amended the Rule of 1756 with the Essex Case. In doing so, British seizure of American ships greatly increased. This heightened seizure put a real strain on Anglo-American relations and was a significant factor contributing to the War of 1812. France countered the Essex Case by creating its own version of the law, called the Berlin Decree. The Berlin Decree and Essex Case resulted in the seizure of nearly 1,500 American ships.
170:, which maintained that if a neutral nation were prohibited from a particular type of trade during peacetime, then it would also be prohibited from the same variety during wartime. The rationale behind this rule was that the neutral nation was aiding the enemy. The rule has never been ratified by international law.
185:
During the Seven Years' War, France and
Britain initially fought over disputed North American colonies. The war became both a naval and economic battle, spreading throughout French and British colonies around the world. The Rule of 1756 was created to hinder all French trade to its West Indies
194:
In the years leading up to the War of 1812, France and
Britain were at war. Tensions between these two European countries had arisen following the
152:
126:
332:
306:
100:
354:
374:
119:
35:
369:
349:
112:
57:
22:
174:
87:
148:
62:
47:
228:
8:
156:
52:
92:
195:
67:
167:
160:
363:
72:
26:
350:
Papers
Relating to the British Seizure of American Ships, 1793-1801
77:
159:(1756–1763). It ruled that Britain would not trade with
249:
London
Chronicle, vol. 1, no. 3 (6 Jan. 1757), p. 24b.
229:
Empires to
Nations: Expansion in America, 1713–1824
166:The rule was devised and approved by the British
361:
300:
120:
320:The Seven Years War: A Transatlantic History
153:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
127:
113:
189:
318:Schumann, Matt, and Karl W. Schweizer.
275:
273:
362:
290:
288:
163:who were also trading with the enemy.
16:Policy of the Kingdom of Great Britain
218:"France: Decrees on Trade 1793–1810."
309:. The Napoleon Series. 11 Dec. 2014.
307:"France: Decrees on Trade 1793-1810"
270:
325:Walton, Gary M., and Hugh Rockoff.
285:
13:
355:France: Decrees on Trade 1793-1810
315:(6 Jan. 1757), vol. 1, no. 3, 24b.
14:
386:
343:
329:. Mason, OH: South-Western, 2010.
282:"War of 1812: Causes of the War."
101:Assassination of Spencer Perceval
333:"War of 1812: Causes of the War"
267:Schumann and Schweitzer, p. 105.
155:that was promulgated during the
327:History of the American Economy
258:Schumann and Schweizer, p. 105.
261:
252:
243:
234:
221:
212:
1:
240:Schumann and Schweizer, p. 4.
201:
301:General and cited references
206:
7:
294:Walton and Rockoff, p. 154.
180:
10:
391:
322:. London: Routledge, 2008.
58:Non-Intercourse Act (1809)
175:causes of the War of 1812
173:The rule was one of the
149:Kingdom of Great Britain
48:Orders in Council (1807)
375:War of 1812 legislation
145:Rule of the War of 1756
190:Effect on War of 1812
88:Monroe–Pinkney Treaty
63:Macon's Bill Number 2
147:was a policy of the
53:Embargo Act of 1807
196:French Revolution
137:
136:
382:
370:Seven Years' War
313:London Chronicle
295:
292:
283:
277:
268:
265:
259:
256:
250:
247:
241:
238:
232:
225:
219:
216:
168:Admiralty courts
157:Seven Years' War
151:, and later the
129:
122:
115:
19:
18:
390:
389:
385:
384:
383:
381:
380:
379:
360:
359:
346:
339:. 11 Dec. 2014.
303:
298:
293:
286:
278:
271:
266:
262:
257:
253:
248:
244:
239:
235:
231:, p. 141 (1974)
226:
222:
217:
213:
209:
204:
192:
183:
161:neutral nations
133:
17:
12:
11:
5:
388:
378:
377:
372:
358:
357:
352:
345:
344:External links
342:
341:
340:
330:
323:
316:
310:
302:
299:
297:
296:
284:
269:
260:
251:
242:
233:
220:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
191:
188:
182:
179:
135:
134:
132:
131:
124:
117:
109:
106:
105:
104:
103:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
68:Tecumseh's War
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
387:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
365:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
338:
334:
331:
328:
324:
321:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
304:
291:
289:
281:
276:
274:
264:
255:
246:
237:
230:
227:Max Savelle,
224:
215:
211:
199:
197:
187:
178:
176:
171:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
130:
125:
123:
118:
116:
111:
110:
108:
107:
102:
99:
97:
95:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
73:Henry letters
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
44:
42:
38:
34:
33:
32:
31:
28:
24:
21:
20:
336:
326:
319:
312:
279:
263:
254:
245:
236:
223:
214:
193:
184:
172:
165:
144:
141:Rule of 1756
140:
138:
93:
83:Rule of 1756
82:
40:
36:
280:Infoplease,
94:Little Belt
27:War of 1812
364:Categories
337:Infoplease
202:References
37:Chesapeake
207:Citations
78:War hawks
181:Contents
41:Leopard
25:of the
23:Origins
96:affair
43:affair
139:The
143:or
366::
335:.
287:^
272:^
177:.
128:e
121:t
114:v
39:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.