778:
764:
319:, announced that the House of Representatives Standing Committee on the Environment and Energy would conduct an inquiry into the ‘efficacy of past and current vegetation and land management policy, practice and legislation and their effect on the intensity and frequency of bushfires and subsequent risk to property, life and the environment’. On 14 January 2020, the Victorian Premier,
391:
The commissioners were directed to consider "thresholds for, and any obstacles to, State or
Territory requests for Commonwealth assistance", whether the Commonwealth should have a power to declare a national state of emergency to create "clearer authority to take action ... in the national interest", such as deploying the Australian Defence Force.
383:. The commissioners were directed "to review various operational aspects of the 2019–2020 bushfire season... focused on national coordination conducted jointly between the Commonwealth and State and Territory Governments give Australians confidence that natural disaster coordination arrangements are the best they can be."
707:
In
Chapter 17, the Commission found that "The weight of research into the effects of fuel reduction on the propagation of extreme bushfires indicates that as conditions deteriorate, fuel reduction is of diminishing effectiveness". It distinguished between ordinary and extreme bushfires, saying that
489:
in the summons; require witnesses to take an oath or give an affirmation; and require a person to deliver documents to the
Commission at a specified place and time. A person served with a summons or a notice to produce documents must comply with that requirement, or face prosecution for an offence.
334:
Scott
Morrison outlined a proposal to establish a royal commission into the bushfires. Requiring the approval of the state and territory governments, the Commonwealth Government drafted terms of reference. A number of organisations raised objections to the commission of inquiry, citing cost, length
390:
required the commissioners to examine "Australia's arrangements for improving resilience and adapting to changing climatic conditions, what actions should be taken to mitigate the impacts of natural disasters, and whether accountability for natural disaster risk management ... should be enhanced."
749:
offered support or in-principle support for all but two of the recommendations. Tasmania did not support aspects of recommendation 5.1, in particular noting that
Tasmania "does not support the Australian Government having the power to take action without the agreement of states and territories".
148:
The commission was originally scheduled to complete its report by 31 August 2020; however it only handed down interim observations on 31 August 2020 and issued a final report on 28 October 2020. The report, which included between one and seven recommendations for each of 22 chapters relating to
729:
The
Commonwealth Government offered support or in-principle support for the majority of the recommendations although notably did not support the recommendations to establish a national aerial fire-fighting fleet. In November 2020 the Australian Government announced an intention to introduce
720:
or "cool burning") could be used to reduce risk: "Reducing available fuels in the landscape can also slow the initial rate of fire spread and fire intensity, which can provide opportunities for fire suppression and thereby reduce the risk of fires escalating into extreme fire events".
335:
and the emotionally exhausting process; that most previous inquiries had failed to implement many of their recommendations; and that the term of reference failed to address
Australia’s emissions reduction policies. Support for the royal commission from Labor premiers was "lukewarm".
739:
3123:
510:
The commission was originally scheduled to complete its report by 31 August 2020; however it only handed down interim observations on 31 August 2020 and issued a final report on 28 October 2020. The report was tabled in
Parliament on 30 October 2020.
3585:
3257:
316:
280:
and two helicopters have crashed during firefighting operations, the air tanker crash resulting in the deaths of the three crew. Two fire trucks were caught in fatal incidents caused directly by fire conditions, killing three fire fighters.
3597:
3579:
3349:
2958:
upon the loyalty to the
British Crown of German Nationals resident in Australia whose property is liable to a charge created by the Treaty of Peace Regulations made under the Treaty of Peace (Germany) Act 1919–1920
2581:
3244:
on alleged improper practices and improper refusal to co-operate with the
Victoria Police Force on the part of persons employed in the Postmaster-General's Department in Victoria in relation to illegal gambling
398:, or their equivalent instruments of appointment, which allow the three commissioners to conduct an inquiry into natural disaster coordination arrangements under their respective laws. (Despite both the
750:
Tasmania also did not support recommendation 11.1 that provided for greater State and Territory government responsibility for various emergency planning responsibilities delegated to local government.
3063:
to inquire into allegations affecting members of the Parliamentary Joint Committee of Public Accounts in connexion with claims made by broadcasting companies against the Commonwealth Government (1930)
2997:
to inquire into extracts from the reports in Parliamentary Debates of speeches made by Mr. Scullin in the House of Representatives on 7 and 19 August 1924, in relation to land tax matters (1924–1925)
1443:
730:
legislation to give the Commonwealth an ability to declare a national emergency, establish a National Emergency Management Ministers Meeting, strengthen national coordination arrangements within
141:. The Commission was charged with the responsibility of examining the coordination, preparedness for, response to and recovery from disasters, as well as improving resilience and adapting to
2733:
British New Guinea—Royal Commission of inquiry into the present conditions, including the method of government, of the Territory of Papua, and the best means of their improvement (1906–1907)
2643:
1810:
3561:
876:
1889:
191:
animals were killed and some endangered species may be driven to extinction. Air quality dropped to hazardous levels. The cost of dealing with the bushfires is expected to exceed the
2074:
1335:
364:. It was charged with the responsibility of examining the coordination, preparedness for, response to and recovery from disasters, as well as improving resilience and adapting to
1609:
1504:
1732:
3532:
3167:
to inquire into and report upon the contract or contracts with Abbco Bread Co. Pty. Limited for the supply of bread to the Department of the Army, and other matters (1941)
3040:
1119:
956:
3573:
2636:
2048:
1282:
1068:
2536:
2946:
3103:
to inquire into and report upon the circumstances associated with the retirement of Lieutenant-Commander Alan Dermot Casey from the Royal Australian Navy (1934)
2213:
3180:
to inquire into and report upon certain transactions of the Sydney Land Sales Control Office, and the Canberra Land Sales Control Office of the Treasury (1947)
1706:
1476:
1974:
1835:
2688:
to inquire into and report upon the arrangements made for the transport of troops returning from service in South Africa in the S.S. "Drayton Grange" (1902)
3688:
2629:
288:, which attracted significant international attention. Politicians visiting fire impacted areas received negative responses, in particular Prime Minister
284:
There was considerable debate regarding the underlying cause of the intensity and scale of the fires, including the role of fire management practices and
2854:
on the war—Australian Imperial Force. Report as to number of members fit for active service and number of reinforcements and enlistments required (1918)
1453:
3591:
3462:
1202:
1011:
3643:
3567:
3400:
1556:
1229:
1309:
358:
The Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements, also referred to as the Bushfires Royal Commission, was appointed pursuant to the
2000:
1948:
1654:
2342:
2316:
2290:
1862:
1530:
2482:
1256:
1093:
257:
was mobilised to provide air support to the firefighting effort and to provide manpower and logistical support. Firefighters and equipment from
253:. Reinforcements from all over Australia were called in to assist fighting the fires and relieve exhausted local crews in New South Wales. The
824:
2831:
to inquire into and report upon certain charges against the Administrator and other officers of the Northern Territory Administration (1916)
2828:
on the charges made by D. L. Gilchrist concerning the construction of the western section of the Kalgoorlie to Port Augusta Railway (1916)
1783:
1627:
514:
The final report contained 80 recommendations aligned to the chapters of the report. The recommendations aligned the chapters as follows:
3170:
to inquire into circumstances under which certain public monies were used and to whom, and for what purposes such moneys were paid (1941)
2616:
203:
1 billion. By 7 January 2020, the smoke had moved approximately 11,000 kilometres (6,800 mi) across the South Pacific Ocean to
2148:
984:
2244:
1915:
2180:
734:
and commence work to establish a National Emergency Resilience, Relief and Recovery Agency. The agency is intended to incorporate the
3703:
3649:
418:
On the same day, Morrison announced the setting up of the Royal Commission and the appointment of the following three commissioners:
1583:
2577:
2440:
2364:
2985:
2610:
798:
241:
large areas of forest burnt out of control for four weeks before the fires emerged from the forests in late December. Multiple
158:
138:
1761:
323:, announced an independent investigation into the 2019-2020 bushfire season in Victoria. On 31 January 2020, the NSW Premier,
2006:
901:
427:
1172:
1040:
3698:
2652:
2537:"Tasmanian Government Response to the recommendations of the Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arranagements"
2103:
327:
announced an independent investigation to review the causes, preparation and response to the bushfires in New South Wales.
2976:
in connection with sugar purchases by the Commonwealth through Mr. W. E. Davies in September and October, 1920 (1923–1924)
1286:
927:
3526:
164:
1283:"A State of Emergency has been declared for NSW to protect communities ahead of worsening fire and weather conditions"
171:, mainly in the southeast of the country. As of 14 January 2020, fires burnt an estimated 18.6 million
3284:
2588:
2466:
1393:
850:
803:
735:
296:
500 million was donated by the public at large, international organisations, public figures and celebrities for
3320:
to inquire into and report upon certain incidents in which Aborigines were involved in the Laverton area (1975–1976)
2889:
to inquire into complaints by the munition worker passengers to Australia by the transport "Bahia Castillo" (1919)
2606:
3708:
3248:
731:
452:
1584:"RFS firefighter who died when fire tornado flipped truck during Green Valley bushfire named as Samuel McPaul"
3407:
3204:
3183:
to inquire into certain transactions in relation to timber rights in the Territory of Papua-New Guinea (1949)
2511:
1683:
369:
1362:
3713:
2860:
upon the public expenditure of the Commonwealth of Australia with a view to effecting economies (1918–1921)
1180:
399:
250:
3173:
an inquiry into a statement that there was a document missing from the official files in relation to "The
2605:
The Commonwealth Government response to the Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements (
2415:
2390:
1863:"Royal commission into bushfire crisis to examine climate change, harmonised approach to hazard reduction"
355:
personnel serving in support of state and territory response efforts, without clear rules for engagement.
187:), destroyed over 5,900 buildings (including 2,779 homes) and killed at least 34 people. An estimated one
31:
3453:
3432:
1762:"Premier Gladys Berejiklian has announced an independent expert inquiry into the 2019-20 bushfire season"
1628:"Prime Minister Scott Morrison has been met with hostility and criticism while visiting bushfire victims"
331:
3263:
into exploratory and production drilling for petroleum in the area of the Great Barrier Reef (1970–1975)
3693:
3669:
2338:
2312:
2286:
1920:
1388:
1146:
471:
465:
438:
360:
227:
90:
1811:"Scott Morrison flags bushfires royal commission and says Coalition could bolster emissions reduction"
2621:
1481:
495:
407:
344:
2979:
in connection with joinery supplied to the War Service Homes Commissioner in March, 1920 (1923–1924)
2033:
1417:
1016:
563:
352:
254:
196:
3106:
to inquire into the monetary and banking systems at present in operation in Australia (1935–1937)
2617:
Tasmanian Government Response to the Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
902:"Victorian bushfires death toll rises as authorities confirm contractor's death was fire-related"
348:
301:
130:
793:
442:
168:
2991:
on the method for determining the unimproved value of land held under Crown leases (1924–1925)
3429:
of Inquiry into compensation arising from social security conspiracy prosecutions (1984–1986)
1531:"Queensland bushfire threat continues, water-bombing helicopter crash-lands on Darling Downs"
989:
713:
2592:
2249:
1933:
746:
238:
3486:
of Inquiry into the leasing by the Commonwealth of accommodation in Centenary House (1994)
3120:
on doctors' remuneration for national insurance service and other contract practice (1938)
2587:
Interim observations of the Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements (
470:
The powers of Royal Commissions in Australia are set out in the enabling legislation, the
8:
2973:
on the circumstances attending the supposed loss at sea of the steamship "Sumatra" (1923)
2483:"National state of emergency to be created by Government in response to summer bushfires"
2313:"ROYAL COMMISSIONS ACT 1902 - SECT 3 Failure of witnesses to attend or produce documents"
1916:"We have already had countless bushfire inquiries. What good will it do to have another?"
1336:"Victorian fires: state of disaster declared as evacuation ordered and 28 people missing"
1045:
277:
235:
3423:
on the use and effects of chemical agents on Australian personnel in Vietnam (1983–1985)
347:
grey zone by directly initiating defence force deployments, utilising a call out of the
3340:
of Inquiry into matters in relation to electoral redistribution Queensland, 1977 (1978)
3124:
regarding the contract for the erection of additions to the General Post Office, Sydney
2272:
2218:
2021:
1757:
1124:
1120:"Economic impact of Australia's bushfires set to exceed $ 4.4bn cost of Black Saturday"
961:
783:
717:
403:
387:
380:
324:
242:
3542:
Inquiry into certain Australian companies in relation to the UN Oil-For-Food Programme
1505:"Pilot swims to shore after water bombing helicopter crashes into dam while refilling"
1448:
434:
312:
50:
3346:
of Inquiry into the viability of the Christmas Island phosphate industry (1979–1980)
2822:
on mail services and trade development between Australia and the New Hebrides (1915)
1733:"Victoria announces inquiry into bushfire crisis as Morrison flags royal commission"
2704:
2153:
769:
180:
134:
126:
2576:
Final Report of the Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements (
957:"Bushfires death toll rises to 33 after body found in burnt out house near Moruya"
3417:
2569:
2512:"Reforms to National Natural Disaster Arrangements | Prime Minister of Australia"
2287:"ROYAL COMMISSIONS ACT 1902 - SECT 2 Power to summon witnesses and take evidence"
2125:
709:
446:
246:
1041:"Number Of Animals Feared Dead In Australia's Wildfires Soars To Over 1 Billion"
485:
to a person to appear before the Commission at a hearing to give evidence or to
102:
2099:
1784:"Scott Morrison moves to set up royal commission into 'Black Summer' bushfires"
1679:
1444:"Australia fires: RSAF Chinooks to bring relief supplies, help with evacuation"
1234:
499:
395:
376:
365:
320:
289:
285:
231:
220:
142:
3586:
into misconduct in the banking, superannuation and financial services industry
3258:
on the statement of Lieutenant Commander Cabban and matters incidental thereto
2848:
on Java and the East Indies, Singapore and the Straits Settlements (1917–1918)
2049:"Will we learn from the bushfire summer? Not if the wrong questions are asked"
3682:
3174:
1257:"NSW Premier declares state of emergency ahead of catastrophic fire warnings"
777:
270:
188:
3020:
on certain matters in connexion with the British Phosphate Commission (1926)
1069:"'Silent death': Australia's bushfires push countless species to extinction"
3541:
3406:
into the activities of the Australian Building Construction Employees' and
3000:
on the finances of Western Australia, as affected by Federation (1924–1925)
423:
372:
44:
3343:
of Inquiry into the efficiency and administration of hospitals (1979–1981)
1477:"Three dead as air tanker fighting bushfires crashes near Snowy Mountains"
1147:"Australian tourism industry seeks urgent help as cost of bushfires grows"
215:
estimated that 306 million tonnes (337 million short tons) of CO
3489:
of Inquiry into the relations between the CAA and Seaview Air (1994–1996)
3097:
on mineral oils and petrol and other products of mineral oils (1933–1935)
877:"Australia's massive fires could become routine, climate scientists warn"
406:
having their own governments, they are officially administered under the
258:
184:
3598:
into violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation of people with disability
2245:"New commissioners added to lead royal commission into deadly bushfires"
2214:"Bushfire royal commission to look at mitigation but not climate change"
740:
National Drought and North Queensland Flood Response and Recovery Agency
3580:
into the protection and detention of children in the Northern Territory
2857:
on Public Service administration, Commonwealth of Australia (1918–1920)
2468:
The Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements Report
1557:"NSW bushfires: RFS names two firefighters killed south-west of Sydney"
494:
1,000 or six months imprisonment. A Royal Commission may authorise the
305:
273:, among others, helped fight the fires, especially in New South Wales.
3483:
of Inquiry into the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (1994–1995)
3302:
Independent Inquiry into Frequency Modulation Broadcasting (1973–1974)
2651:
1949:"Opinion: The last thing we need is another bushfire royal commission"
16:
Independent public inquiry into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
368:
and mitigating the impact of natural disasters. On 20 February 2020,
262:
208:
2128:. Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements. 2020
1975:"Why Shane Fitzsimmons is cold on a royal commission into bushfires"
1173:"Australia bushfire smoke travels 12,000 kms [sic] to Chile"
2104:"National Royal Commission into Black Summer bushfires established"
1610:"'I don't take it personally' says Morrison on angry Cobargo visit"
932:
848:
486:
3350:
on the activities of the Federated Ship Painters and Dockers Union
2802:
upon the Commonwealth electoral law and administration (1914–1915)
410:, and the Commonwealth letters patent covered their jurisdiction.
1310:"State of emergency declared in NSW ahead of horror fire weekend"
1285:. Government of New South Wales. 19 December 2019. Archived from
1230:"Bushfires Release Over Half Australia's Annual Carbon Emissions"
482:
172:
1890:"Political foes line up over need for another bushfires inquiry"
1012:"More than one billion animals impacted in Australian bushfires"
825:"'It was a line of fire coming at us': Firefighters return home"
1836:"Official request for bushfire royal commission goes to states"
1203:"Australian bushfire smoke affecting South America, UN reports"
573:
8 - National aerial firefighting capabilities and arrangements
266:
149:
different topics, was tabled in Parliament on 30 October 2020.
2793:
to inquire into certain charges against Mr. Henry Chinn (1913)
2691:
on sites for the seat of government of the Commonwealth (1903)
3426:
on Australia's security and intelligence agencies (1983–1985)
2808:
on food supplies and trade and industry during the war (1914)
2072:
1972:
928:"The numbers behind Australia's catastrophic bushfire season"
490:
The penalty for conviction upon such an offence is a fine of
204:
2445:
Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
2420:
Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
2395:
Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
2369:
Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
2188:
Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
685:
22 - Delivery of recovery services and financial assistance
119:
Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
22:
Royal Commission into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
3438:
of inquiry into alleged telephone interceptions (1985–1986)
2863:
on taxation of leasehold estates in Crown lands (1918–1919)
1707:"Inquiry into Victoria's bushfire season has already begun"
308:, clothing and livestock feed were sent to affected areas.
212:
176:
3305:
of Inquiry into transport to and from Tasmania (1974–1976)
2994:
on the assessment of war service disabilities (1924–1925)
982:
455:
and a member of the university's Climate Change Institute
297:
3290:
Australian Post Office Commission of inquiry (1973–1974)
3197:
on the Port Augusta to Alice Springs Railway (1951–1952)
2075:"Practical focus for Scott Morrison's bushfire inquiry"
1363:"Homes under threat as ACT declares state of emergency"
985:"NSW bushfires: Body found in burnt house on NSW coast"
317:
minister for natural disasters and emergency management
3459:
into grain storage, handling and transport (1986–1988)
2883:
on industrial troubles on Melbourne wharfs (1919–1920)
2707:, British New Guinea, on the 6th of March, 1904 (1904)
2544:
Tasmanian Government Department of Premier and Cabinet
1418:"Feature: ADF MOBILISES FOR OPERATION BUSHFIRE ASSIST"
451:
Professor Andrew Macintosh, a professor of law at the
2339:"ROYAL COMMISSIONS ACT 1902 - SECT 4 Search warrants"
849:
Tiernan, Finbar; O'Mallon, Eamonn (10 January 2020).
343:
The establishment of the Royal Commission followed a
3317:
into alleged payments to maritime unions (1974–1976)
3100:
on the wheat, flour and bread industries (1934–1936)
2796:
on Northern Territory railways and ports (1913–1914)
2207:
2205:
2149:"'Practical action' to be focus of royal commission"
2092:
2073:
Lewis, Rosie; Baxendale, Rachel (20 February 2020).
759:
379:
appointing three commissioners and the commission's
226:
From September 2019, fires heavily impacted various
199:, and tourism sector revenues have fallen more than
3308:
on Australian Government Administration (1974–1976)
2898:
on the increase of the selling price of coal (1920)
1973:Snow, Deborah; Smith, Alexandra (10 January 2020).
1756:
3562:into institutional responses to child sexual abuse
2825:on Liverpool Military Camp, New South Wales (1915)
2653:Royal Commissions of the Commonwealth of Australia
2465:"Chapter 17: Public and private land management".
1860:
1704:
1415:
1038:
3299:of Inquiry into the maritime industry (1973–1976)
2202:
1475:Bungard, Matt; Mellis, Eilidh (23 January 2020).
1094:"How The Australian Bushfires Will Impact Health"
3680:
3538:to Inquire into the Centenary House Lease (2004)
2892:on Northern Territory Administration (1919–1920)
2694:on the Bonuses for Manufactures Bill (1903–1904)
2599:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2046:
1887:
1361:Midena, Kate; Burnside, Niki (31 January 2020).
145:and mitigating the impact of natural disasters.
2238:
2236:
2190:. Prime minister of Australia. 20 February 2020
2098:
1946:
1913:
1678:
1563:. Australian Associated Press. 20 December 2019
983:Bungard, Matt; Chung, Laura (24 January 2020).
954:
661:19 - Land-use planning and building regulation
2851:on Navy and Defence Administration (1917–1919)
2242:
1764:(Press release). Government of New South Wales
1528:
1360:
874:
868:
413:
167:were subject to large numbers of uncontrolled
2834:on Federal Capital Administration (1916–1917)
2745:on stripper harvesters and drills (1908–1909)
2736:on secret drugs, cures, and foods (1906–1907)
2637:
2168:
1808:
1581:
1502:
1474:
1342:. Australian Associated Press. 3 January 2020
477:Royal Commissions, appointed pursuant to the
163:Between June 2019 and February 2020, various
137:management coordination as it related to the
3037:on the Edie Creek (New Guinea) leases (1927)
2233:
2146:
2106:(Press release). Prime Minister of Australia
1998:
1684:"Independent Investigation Into Fire Season"
1652:
1602:
1307:
894:
708:fuel reduction (whether by various forms of
3689:Commonwealth of Australia royal commissions
3636:
3604:into National Natural Disaster Arrangements
3533:into the building and construction industry
3041:on the Moving Picture Industry in Australia
1620:
1468:
554:6 - National emergency response capability
3574:into trade union governance and corruption
2776:on the pearl-shelling industry (1912–1916)
2644:
2630:
2211:
1730:
1227:
976:
3413:into Australian meat industry (1981–1982)
2710:on customs and excise tariffs (1904–1907)
1655:"Do we need a bushfire royal commission?"
1209:. United Kingdom. Reuters. 8 January 2020
1066:
955:Henriques-Gomes, Luke (24 January 2020).
653:18 - Indigenous land and fire management
3314:on intelligence and security (1974–1977)
3293:of Inquiry into land tenures (1973–1976)
2748:on Tasmanian customs leakage (1910–1911)
2118:
724:
645:17 - Public and private land management
613:13 - Emergency information and warnings
3433:into British nuclear tests in Australia
2365:"Interim observations - 31 August 2020"
2002:Do we need a bushfire royal commission?
1397:. Australian Government. 4 January 2020
530:3 - National coordination arrangements
394:Each state was also requested to issue
228:regions of the state of New South Wales
3681:
3416:of Inquiry into the activities of the
2947:on the matter of uniform railway gauge
1861:Dalzell, Stephanie (6 February 2020).
1776:
1705:McMillan, Ashleigh (12 January 2020).
1117:
822:
799:List of natural disasters in Australia
677:21 - Coordinating relief and recovery
605:12 - Evacuation planning and shelters
546:5 - Declaration of national emergency
3625:
3508:
3375:
3226:
3149:
2952:on pillaging of ships' cargoes (1921)
2921:
2886:on late German New Guinea (1919–1920)
2663:
2625:
2506:
2504:
2047:Wahlquist, Calla (22 February 2020).
2007:Australian Strategic Policy Institute
1686:(Press release). Victorian Government
1416:McLaughlin, Andrew (7 January 2020).
1316:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1221:
1195:
1165:
851:"Australia's 2019-20 bushfire season"
481:or otherwise, have powers to issue a
428:Chief of the Australian Defence Force
338:
2345:from the original on 3 February 2014
2319:from the original on 3 February 2014
2293:from the original on 3 February 2014
1888:Johnstone, Craig (18 January 2020).
1067:Readfearn, Graham (3 January 2020).
1039:Harvey, Josephine (6 January 2020).
276:As of 23 January 2020, an
2716:on the tobacco monopoly (1905–1906)
2243:Doran, Matthew (20 February 2020).
1947:Marshall, Peter (19 January 2020).
1914:Tolhurst, Kevin (16 January 2020).
1529:Powell, Rebeka (14 November 2019).
1436:
1381:
823:Burton, Jesinta (7 February 2020).
430:, the chair of the Royal Commission
13:
3311:on human relationships (1974–1978)
2955:on Cockatoo Island Dockyard (1921)
2700:on the Navigation Bill (1904–1906)
2697:on the butter industry (1904–1905)
2501:
1582:Nguyen, Kevin (31 December 2019).
1060:
875:Green, Matthew (14 January 2020).
842:
716:land management practice known as
702:
693:24 - Assurance and accountability
159:2019–20 Australian bushfire season
139:2019–20 Australian bushfire season
14:
3725:
3592:into aged care quality and safety
3463:into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
3337:of Inquiry into drugs (1977–1980)
3285:Aboriginal Land Rights Commission
2982:on the Navigation Act (1923–1925)
2880:on the sugar industry (1919–1920)
2779:on the fruit industry (1912–1914)
2773:on the sugar industry (1911–1912)
2561:
2147:McIlroy, Tom (20 February 2020).
1809:Martin, Sarah (12 January 2020).
1503:Bungard, Matt (10 January 2020).
1389:"Defence boosts bushfire support"
1032:
1004:
816:
804:National Bushfire Recovery Agency
736:National Bushfire Recovery Agency
165:Australian states and territories
74:– 28 October 2020
3704:2020 establishments in Australia
3644:into Defence and Veteran Suicide
3626:
3568:into the Home Insulation Program
3401:of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking
3091:on performing rights (1932–1933)
3017:on Norfolk Island affairs (1926)
2799:on powellised timber (1913–1914)
2730:on ocean shipping service (1906)
1999:Barnes, Paul (16 January 2020).
1653:Barnes, Paul (19 January 2020).
1452:. 7 January 2020. Archived from
776:
762:
538:4 - Supporting better decisions
133:to inquire into and report upon
3547:Equine Influenza Inquiry (2008)
3046:on the Constitution (Australia)
2713:on old-age pensions (1905–1906)
2529:
2475:
2458:
2433:
2408:
2383:
2357:
2331:
2305:
2279:
2265:
2212:Karp, Paul (20 February 2020).
2140:
2066:
2040:
1992:
1966:
1940:
1907:
1881:
1854:
1828:
1802:
1750:
1724:
1698:
1672:
1646:
1575:
1549:
1522:
1496:
1409:
1354:
1328:
1308:Coote, Gavin (2 January 2020).
1301:
1275:
1249:
1228:Lee, Heesu (24 December 2019).
1139:
1111:
1086:
3408:Builders Labourers' Federation
2739:on postal services (1908–1910)
1731:Karp, Paul (14 January 2020).
1118:Butler, Ben (8 January 2020).
948:
920:
732:Emergency Management Australia
453:Australian National University
1:
3509:
3376:
3323:on Norfolk Island (1975–1976)
3227:
3150:
2922:
2866:on the basic wage (1919–1920)
2664:
2600:State and territory responses
1424:. Felix Advantage Pty Limited
1263:. Australia. 11 November 2019
809:
152:
1790:. Australia. 4 February 2020
1181:Special Broadcasting Service
908:. Australia. 15 January 2020
400:Australian Capital Territory
366:changing climatic conditions
251:Australian Capital Territory
143:changing climatic conditions
7:
3699:2020 in Australian politics
3060:on the coal industry (1929)
2805:on meat export trade (1914)
1634:. Australia. 3 January 2020
753:
637:16 - Wildlife and heritage
487:produce documents specified
414:Commissioners and executive
129:established in 2020 by the
30:80 recommendations in the
10:
3730:
3670:Royal Commissions Act 1902
2273:Royal Commissions Act 1902
829:Busselton-Dunsborough Mail
505:
472:Royal Commissions Act 1902
466:Royal Commissions Act 1902
463:
439:Federal Court of Australia
361:Royal Commissions Act 1902
156:
123:Bushfires Royal Commission
121:, also referred to as the
91:Royal Commissions Act 1902
66:20 February 2020
3667:
3632:
3621:
3554:
3519:
3515:
3504:
3476:
3445:
3393:
3386:
3382:
3371:
3330:
3277:
3270:
3237:
3233:
3222:
3200:on television (1953–1954)
3190:
3160:
3156:
3145:
3113:
3081:
3074:
3053:
3027:
3007:
2966:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2917:
2873:
2841:
2815:
2786:
2766:
2759:
2723:
2681:
2674:
2670:
2659:
2441:"List of recommendations"
1979:The Sydney Morning Herald
1953:The Sydney Morning Herald
1840:The Sydney Morning Herald
1482:The Sydney Morning Herald
589:10 - Community Education
496:Australian Federal Police
459:
408:Commonwealth of Australia
197:2009 Black Saturday fires
97:
85:
62:
37:
26:
3650:into the Robodebt Scheme
3296:on petroleum (1973–1976)
2742:on insurance (1908–1910)
1017:The University of Sydney
597:11 - Emergency planning
564:Australian Defence Force
353:Australian Defence Force
255:Australian Defence Force
211:. As of 2 January 2020,
195:4.4 billion of the
3454:Chamberlain convictions
3094:on taxation (1932–1934)
3088:on Jacob Johnson (1931)
2895:on taxation (1920–1923)
581:9 - Essential Services
349:Australian Army Reserve
86:Constituting instrument
3709:Bushfires in Australia
794:Bushfires in Australia
3014:on health (1925–1926)
2986:on national insurance
1659:Sydney Morning Herald
1509:Sydney Morning Herald
1394:Department of Defence
990:Sydney Morning Herald
725:Response and outcomes
479:Royal Commissions Act
245:were declared across
131:Australian government
2126:"Welcome: home page"
2102:(20 February 2020).
1934:ABC News (Australia)
747:Tasmanian Government
437:, a former judge of
375:issued Commonwealth
330:On 12 January 2020,
249:, Victoria, and the
3714:Morrison government
1760:(30 January 2020).
1758:Berejiklian, Gladys
1682:(14 January 2020).
1046:The Huffington Post
518:
311:On 5 December 2019
243:states of emergency
23:
3527:into HIH Insurance
3034:on wireless (1927)
2489:. 13 November 2020
2471:. 28 October 2020.
2341:. Austlii.edu.au.
2315:. Austlii.edu.au.
2289:. Austlii.edu.au.
2219:Guardian Australia
2053:Guardian Australia
1815:Guardian Australia
1737:Guardian Australia
1561:Guardian Australia
1456:on 13 January 2020
1340:Guardian Australia
1125:Guardian Australia
1073:Guardian Australia
962:Guardian Australia
855:The Canberra Times
784:Environment portal
718:fire-stick farming
710:controlled burning
517:
433:The Honourable Dr
422:Air Chief Marshal
404:Northern Territory
388:terms of reference
381:terms of reference
339:Terms of reference
325:Gladys Berejiklian
21:
3694:2019 in Australia
3676:
3675:
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3070:
3069:
2913:
2912:
2909:
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2905:
2904:
2755:
2754:
2703:on the affray at
1842:. 4 February 2020
1449:Channel News Asia
1153:. 16 January 2020
700:
699:
621:14 - Air quality
435:Annabelle Bennett
313:David Littleproud
302:wildlife recovery
181:square kilometres
175:(46 million
115:
114:
51:Annabelle Bennett
3721:
3634:
3633:
3623:
3622:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3505:
3452:of inquiry into
3418:Nugan Hand Group
3391:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3275:
3274:
3249:on loss of HMAS
3235:
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3158:
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3147:
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3079:
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2705:Goaribari Island
2679:
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2672:
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2646:
2639:
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2623:
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2573:
2572:
2570:Official website
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2371:. 31 August 2020
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2154:Financial Review
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1921:The Conversation
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1614:www.9news.com.au
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1289:on 10 April 2020
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1183:. 7 January 2020
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1020:. 8 January 2020
1008:
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936:. 5 January 2020
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770:Australia portal
767:
766:
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562:7 - Role of the
525:Recommendations
519:
516:
493:
370:Governor-General
295:
202:
194:
135:natural disaster
127:royal commission
111:
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105:.royalcommission
104:
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55:Andrew Macintosh
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2100:Morrison, Scott
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703:Land management
669:20 - Insurance
508:
500:search warrants
491:
468:
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447:Bond University
416:
341:
293:
292:. An estimated
247:New South Wales
223:) was emitted.
218:
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103:naturaldisaster
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3600:(2019–present)
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2487:www.abc.net.au
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2079:The Australian
2065:
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1991:
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1894:The Australian
1880:
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3627:2021–present
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629:15 - Health
513:
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424:Mark Binskin
417:
393:
385:
373:David Hurley
359:
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306:donated food
283:
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225:
185:square miles
162:
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45:Mark Binskin
32:Final Report
18:
3652:(2022–2023)
3646:(2021–2024)
3594:(2018–2021)
3588:(2017–2019)
3582:(2016–2017)
3576:(2014–2015)
3570:(2013–2014)
3564:(2013–2017)
3544:(2005–2006)
3535:(2001–2003)
3529:(2001–2003)
3465:(1987–1991)
3456:(1986–1987)
3435:(1984–1985)
3420:(1983–1985)
3410:(1981–1982)
3403:(1981–1983)
3352:(1980–1984)
3287:(1973–1974)
3260:(1967–1968)
3245:(1962–1963)
3207:(1954–1955)
3043:(1927–1928)
2988:(1923–1927)
2349:20 February
2323:20 February
2297:20 February
2257:20 February
2253:. Australia
2225:20 February
2194:20 February
2160:21 February
2132:21 February
2110:20 February
2084:20 February
2058:23 February
2030:|work=
2012:20 February
1984:20 February
1958:20 February
1928:20 February
1924:. Australia
1899:23 February
1873:20 February
1869:. Australia
1846:20 February
1820:20 February
1794:20 February
1768:21 February
1742:11 February
1716:11 February
1690:11 February
1664:11 February
1590:. Australia
1537:. Australia
1369:. Australia
1098:www.msn.com
834:11 February
498:to execute
426:, a former
259:New Zealand
3683:Categories
2549:14 January
2521:14 January
2493:14 January
2450:14 January
2425:14 January
2400:14 January
2375:14 January
1594:27 January
1567:27 January
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1428:17 January
1373:3 February
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1213:18 January
1187:18 January
1157:18 January
1131:18 January
1103:18 January
1024:13 January
996:24 January
968:25 January
912:15 January
886:14 January
860:13 January
810:References
714:Aboriginal
443:chancellor
278:air tanker
179:; 186,000
153:Background
78:2020-10-28
70:2020-02-20
3555:2011–2020
3520:2001–2010
3510:2001–2020
3477:1991–2000
3446:1986–1990
3394:1981–1985
3387:1981–1990
3377:1981–2000
3331:1975–1980
3278:1971–1975
3271:1971–1980
3238:1961–1970
3228:1961–1980
3205:espionage
3191:1951–1960
3161:1941–1950
3151:1941–1960
3114:1936–1940
3082:1931–1935
3075:1931–1940
3054:1929–1930
3028:1927–1928
3008:1925–1926
2967:1923–1924
2940:1921–1922
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2923:1921–1940
2874:1919–1920
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2787:1913–1914
2767:1911–1912
2760:1911–1920
2724:1906–1910
2682:1901–1905
2675:1901–1910
2665:1901–1920
2032:ignored (
2022:cite book
1638:3 January
1460:7 January
1401:4 January
1241:3 January
1235:Bloomberg
1078:8 January
1052:7 January
940:8 January
263:Singapore
209:Argentina
183:; 72,000
169:bushfires
3177:" (1943)
2416:"Report"
2391:"Report"
2343:Archived
2317:Archived
2291:Archived
2250:ABC News
1867:ABC News
1788:SBS News
1632:ABC News
1588:ABC News
1535:ABC News
1367:ABC News
1261:ABC News
1177:Dateline
933:SBS News
906:ABC News
754:See also
738:and the
522:Chapter
402:and the
269:and the
239:Victoria
173:hectares
125:, was a
3251:Voyager
1711:The Age
1151:Reuters
881:Reuters
506:Reports
483:summons
351:, with
232:eastern
189:billion
98:Website
76: (
68: (
47:(Chair)
27:Outcome
3606:(2020)
3254:(1964)
3126:(1939)
2959:(1921)
2949:(1921)
460:Powers
315:, the
267:Canada
2540:(PDF)
2276:(Cth)
2184:(PDF)
230:. In
205:Chile
177:acres
2551:2021
2523:2021
2495:2021
2452:2021
2427:2021
2402:2021
2377:2021
2351:2020
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2162:2020
2134:2020
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2086:2020
2060:2020
2034:help
2014:2020
1986:2020
1960:2020
1930:2020
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1875:2020
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1822:2020
1796:2020
1770:2020
1744:2020
1718:2020
1692:2020
1666:2020
1640:2020
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1569:2020
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1516:2020
1490:2020
1462:2020
1430:2020
1422:ADBR
1403:2020
1375:2020
1348:2020
1322:2020
1295:2020
1269:2020
1243:2020
1215:2020
1189:2020
1159:2020
1133:2020
1105:2020
1080:2020
1054:2020
1026:2020
998:2020
970:2020
942:2020
914:2020
888:2020
862:2020
836:2020
745:The
441:and
386:The
300:and
234:and
213:NASA
207:and
117:The
107:.gov
3203:on
2611:PDF
2607:Web
2593:PDF
2589:Web
2582:PDF
2578:Web
712:or
492:A$
445:of
294:A$
201:A$
193:A$
109:.au
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