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248:, although some have raised questions about the Kennedys' accounts of the nature and scope of her disability. A biographer wrote that Rose Kennedy did not confide in her friends and that she pretended her daughter was developing typically, with relatives other than the immediate family knowing nothing of Rosemary's disability. Despite the help of tutors, Rosemary had trouble learning to read and write. At age 11, she was sent to a
259:, where she was educated separately from the other students. Two nuns and a special teacher, Miss Newton, worked with her all day in a separate classroom. The Kennedys gave the school a new tennis court for their efforts. Her reading, writing, spelling, and counting skills were reported to be at a fourth-grade level (ages 9–10). During this period, her mother arranged for her older brother
40:
607:
493:, the Kennedy family explained away her absence by claiming she was reclusive. The family did not publicly explain her absence until 1961, after John had been elected president. The Kennedys did not reveal that she was institutionalized because of a failed lobotomy, but instead said that she was deemed "mentally retarded". In 1961, after Joe Sr. had a
478:
nuns called the house "the
Kennedy cottage". Two Catholic nuns, Sister Margaret Ann and Sister Leona, provided her care along with a student and a woman who worked on ceramics with Kennedy three nights a week. Kennedy had a car that could be used to take her for rides and a dog which she could take on walks.
477:
of Boston had told her father about St. Coletta's, an institution for more than 300 people with disabilities, and her father traveled to and built a private house for her about a mile outside St. Coletta's main campus near
Alverno House, which was designed for adults who needed lifelong care. The
455:
in order to protect John's reputation for a presidential run and that the family's "lack of support for mental illness is part of a lifelong family denial of what was really so". It was quickly apparent that the procedure had caused immense harm. Kennedy's mental capacity diminished to that of a
355:, when Rosemary returned to the United States from the United Kingdom in 1940, she became "increasingly irritable and difficult" at the age of 22. Kennedy would often experience convulsions and fly into violent rages, during which she would hit and injure others. After being expelled from a
386:
would help calm her mood swings and stop her occasional violent outbursts. Joe Sr. decided that
Rosemary should have a lobotomy; however, he did not inform his wife of this decision until after the procedure was completed. The procedure took place in November 1941. In
2544:
193:. The truth about her situation and whereabouts was kept secret for decades. While she was initially isolated from her siblings and extended family following her lobotomy, Rosemary did go on to visit them during her later life.
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342:
for hours. At the event, she tripped and nearly fell. Rose
Kennedy never discussed the incident and treated the debut as a triumph. The crowd made no sign, and the King and the Queen smiled as if nothing had happened.
468:
After the lobotomy, Kennedy was immediately institutionalized. She initially lived for several years at Craig House, a private psychiatric hospital 90 minutes north of New York City. In 1949, she was relocated to
3711:
415:. I made a surgical incision in the brain through the skull. It was near the front. It was on both sides. We just made a small incision, no more than an inch." The instrument Dr. Watts used looked like a
3835:
489:
stated that
Kennedy's lobotomy was hidden from the family for 20 years; none of her siblings knew of her whereabouts. While her older brother John was campaigning for re-election to the U.S. Senate in
439:. A review of all of the papers written by the two doctors confirmed Watts' declaration. All of the patients the two doctors lobotomized were diagnosed as having some form of mental disorder.
481:
In response to her condition, Kennedy's parents separated her from her family. Rose
Kennedy did not visit her for 20 years. Joe Sr. did not visit his daughter at the institution at all. In
404:
473:, where she lived for the rest of her life on the grounds of the St. Coletta School for Exceptional Children (formerly known as "St. Coletta Institute for Backward Youth"). Archbishop
375:
or become pregnant. Her occasionally erratic behavior frustrated her parents; her father was especially worried that
Kennedy's behavior would shame and embarrass the family and damage
2539:
3227:
371:
Kennedy began sneaking out of the convent school at night. The nuns at the convent thought that
Rosemary might be involved with sexual partners and that she could contract a
310:
I have always had serious tastes and understand life is not given us just for enjoyment. For some time past, I have been studying the well known psychological method of Dr.
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229:. She was named after her mother and was commonly called Rosemary or Rosie. During her birth, the doctor was not immediately available because of an outbreak of the
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in 1995 that
Kennedy was just one of the disabled people she would have over to her house to swim, and that the games should not focus on any single individual.
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3827:
3105:
431:" or count backwards;... "We tried to estimate thus, how far to further cut, based on how Rosemary responded." When she became incoherent, they ceased cutting.
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and the nurse ordered Rose
Kennedy to keep her legs closed, forcing the baby's head to stay in the birth canal for two hours. The action resulted in a harmful
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In her early young adult years, Rosemary Kennedy was "becoming increasingly irritable and difficult". In response to these issues, her father arranged a
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Following her father's death in 1969, the Kennedys gradually involved Rosemary in family life again. She was occasionally taken to visit relatives in
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on her in 1941, when she was 23 years of age. The procedure left her permanently incapacitated and rendered her unable to speak intelligibly.
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276:. Diaries written by her in the late 1930s, and published in the 1980s, reveal a young woman whose life was filled with outings to the
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a human normally reaches at a certain month or year. At two years old, she had a hard time sitting up, crawling, and learning to walk.
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1928:
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After Rosemary was mildly sedated, "We went through the top of the head," Dr. Watts recalled. "I think she was awake. She had a mild
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was told that while she had "an interest in social welfare work, she is said to harbor a secret longing to go on the stage." When
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requested an interview with Rosemary, her father's assistant prepared a response which Rosemary copied out laboriously:
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who was previously an aide to President Kennedy, told Kessler that Joe Kennedy referred to his daughter Rosemary as
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423:"We put an instrument inside", he said. As Dr. Watts cut, Dr. Freeman asked Rosemary, for example, to recite the
1719:
Great and Desperate Cures: The Rise and Decline of Psychosurgery and Other Radical Treatments for Mental Illness
3970:
3922:
3611:
2461:
1776:"Rosemary Kennedy, JFK's sister, dies at 86 – Born Mentally Disabled, She Was Inspiration for Special Olympics"
879:
162:
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280:, tea dances, dress fittings, and other social interests. Kennedy accompanied her family to the coronation of
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Kennedy died from natural causes on January 7, 2005, aged 86, at the Fort Atkinson Memorial Hospital in
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435:
Watts told Kessler that in his opinion, Kennedy did not have "mental retardation" but rather a form of
1458:
1071:
189:
Rosemary Kennedy spent most of the rest of her life being cared for at St. Coletta, an institution in
4674:
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2198:
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570:
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238:
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102:
86:
67:
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1990:
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1577:
The Lobotomist: A Maverick Medical Genius and His Tragic Quest to Rid the World of Mental Illness
1076:
701:
533:
245:
931:, referenced in Associated Press article, "Retarded Kennedy Sister Dies at 86" (January 8, 2005)
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that left him unable to speak and walk, Rosemary's siblings were made aware of her location.
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486:
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331:
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941:
O'Brien, Gerald (July 2004). "Rosemary Kennedy: The Importance of a Historical Footnote".
8:
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Rosemary's condition was revealed publicly by her sister Eunice in a 1962 interview to
296:
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2011:
1939:
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854:
736:"The Untold Story of JFK's Sister, Rosemary Kennedy, and Her Disastrous Lobotomy"
719:
474:
272:
260:
165:
1285:"Why Rosemary Kennedy's Siblings Didn't See Her for 20 Years After Her Lobotomy"
4684:
4255:
3674:
3390:
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2724:
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1820:
1635:
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1244:
620:
541:
396:
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376:
290:
134:
695:
506:, but her lobotomy did not become public knowledge until 1987, when historian
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39:
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20:
237:. As Rosemary began to grow, her parents noticed she was not reaching the
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285:
176:
1596:
Rose Kennedy and Her Family: The Best and Worst of Their Lives and Times
1459:"Rosemary Kennedy, 86; President's Disabled Sister (washingtonpost.com)"
4171:
1766:
267:. Thanks to him, she appeared "not different at all" during the dance.
153:(September 13, 1918 – January 7, 2005) was the eldest daughter born to
536:. By that time, Rosemary had learned to walk again, but did so with a
3182:
456:
two-year-old child. She could not walk or speak intelligibly and was
405:
George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences
327:
323:
264:
221:
on September 13, 1918. She was the third child and first daughter of
3566:
1640:
The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty He Founded
201:
3512:
2549:
412:
383:
183:
2415:
1507:"Rosemary Kennedy: A Life Stolen By Mental Illness And Her Family"
1100:"Letters from JFK's Sister Rosemary Before Lobotomy Reveal 'Loss'"
1017:
Copious hosting: A theology of access for people with disabilities
670:"'Rosemary: The Hidden Kennedy Daughter', by Kate Clifford Larson"
540:. She never regained the ability to speak clearly and her arm was
1789:
525:
1882:
1733:. New York, NY: Sarah Crichton Books-Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
3658:
2653:
1191:, p. 412, and caption to photo of the house facing p. 650.
494:
339:
4505:
544:. Her condition is sometimes credited as the inspiration for
382:
When Kennedy was 23 years old, doctors told her father that a
1783:
277:
1488:"Friends, family bid farewell to Kennedy in D.C., Brookline"
1315:"Remembering the sad and dreadful life of Rosemary Kennedy"
537:
255:
At age 16, Kennedy was sent to the Sacred Heart Convent in
252:
boarding school for people with intellectual disabilities.
294:
that she was "studying to be a kindergarten teacher," and
367:
boarding school, Kennedy was sent to a convent school in
4832:
Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate
1834:
880:"JFK house celebrates Rosemary Kennedy's 100th birthday"
334:
at Buckingham Palace during her father's service as the
4649:
My Senator and Me: A Dog's-Eye View of Washington, D.C.
3645:
Senate Committee investigation of Labor and Management
3971:
Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights
577:) by her side. She was buried beside her parents at
244:
Accounts of Kennedy's life indicated that she had an
588:
4549:
United States Senator from Massachusetts, 1962–2009
3894:
Thirteen Days: A Memoir of the Cuban Missile Crisis
2775:
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961
1486:Katz, Alex; Andersen, Travis (September 22, 2011).
911:"Rosemary Kennedy and the Legacy of Mental Illness"
755:
753:
751:
749:
1387:
407:), described the procedure to Kessler as follows:
3330:John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School
1663:The Kennedy Women: The Saga of an American Family
929:The Kennedy Women: The Saga of an American Family
4892:
3957:Robert F. Kennedy Department of Justice Building
3203:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
2407:m. = married; div. = divorced; sep. = separated.
1043:"Rosemary Kennedy: The Truth About Her Lobotomy"
746:
3161:John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
1545:
1363:"Reaching the Retarded: An Old Kennedy Mission"
1239:
3836:On the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
3619:United States senator from New York, 1965–1968
3612:64th United States Attorney General, 1961–1964
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
336:United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom
4521:
3582:
3465:Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington
2835:Report to the American People on Civil Rights
2431:
1805:
1504:
1360:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1485:
1211:
1209:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
1511:St. Mary's University History Media Project
977:
940:
4528:
4514:
3705:Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation
3589:
3575:
2438:
2424:
1812:
1798:
1731:Fully Alive: Discovering What Matters Most
1716:
1271:
338:. Kennedy practiced the complicated royal
314:and I got my degree in teaching last year.
38:
3275:John F. Kennedy Federal Building (Boston)
2893:U.S. House of Representatives elections:
2745:Status of Women (Presidential Commission)
1929:William Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington
1697:
1389:"Sister of President John F Kennedy dies"
1221:
1206:
789:
787:
650:
4926:Burials at Holyhood Cemetery (Brookline)
4614:1980 United States presidential election
4567:U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts:
4075:Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commitment
2909:U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts:
1680:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1332:Goodwin, Doris Kearns (March 23, 1987).
908:
729:
727:
377:his and his children's political careers
200:
196:
3188:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
1725:
1634:
1612:
1331:
1301:
1140:
1128:
1116:
1020:. Continuum International. p. 56.
909:Nicholas, Elizabeth (October 5, 2015).
270:Rosemary read few books but could read
209:in 1931, with Rosemary on the far right
4893:
4624:Ted Kennedy 1980 presidential campaign
4025:Arch of Dignity, Equality, and Justice
3270:Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
2854:Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts
1656:
1593:
1571:
1282:
1227:
1215:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1155:
1097:
1066:
1040:
994:
896:
886:. Associated Press. September 9, 2018.
866:
830:
818:
784:
778:
759:
733:
704:from the original on December 12, 2021
667:
641:
483:Rosemary: The Hidden Kennedy Daughter,
284:in Rome in 1939. She also visited the
4509:
3596:
3570:
3280:John F. Kennedy International Airport
2419:
1793:
1753:Rosemary: The Hidden Kennedy Daughter
1533:
1424:Cornwell, Rupert (January 10, 2005).
1414:
1402:from the original on January 12, 2022
1151:
1149:
1013:
724:
697:Rosemary, The Hidden Kennedy Daughter
694:Washington College (April 11, 2016).
399:, who carried out the procedure with
16:Sister of John F. Kennedy (1918–2005)
4946:People from Brookline, Massachusetts
4545:February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009
3844:"On the Mindless Menace of Violence"
3335:John F. Kennedy University (defunct)
2623:Migration and Refugee Assistance Act
1456:
902:
4956:People with intellectual disability
4837:Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act
4040:Robert F. Kennedy Community Schools
3698:1964 Democratic National Convention
2591:Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
2445:
532:, as well as her childhood home on
445:National Institute of Mental Health
363:and staying only a few months at a
13:
4001:Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium
3735:
2297:Tatiana Celia Kennedy Schlossberg
1819:
1747:
1527:
1505:Yadira Chavez (December 6, 2018).
1146:
1098:McNeil, Liz (September 13, 2018).
257:Elmhurst, Providence, Rhode Island
14:
4972:
4921:American people with disabilities
3606:November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968
2930:Democratic National Conventions:
2750:University of Alabama integration
1760:
1539:John Kennedy: A Political Profile
1283:McNeil, Liz (September 3, 2015).
995:El-Hai, Jack (January 15, 2005).
760:El-Hai, Jack (January 15, 2005).
734:McNeil, Liz (September 6, 2018).
668:Gordon, Meryl (October 6, 2015).
419:. He swung it up and down to cut
4951:People from Jefferson, Wisconsin
4916:American people of Irish descent
4873:
4872:
4631:
4490:
4489:
3550:
3549:
2799:
2792:
2302:John Bouvier Kennedy Schlossberg
1866:
1457:Weil, Martin (January 8, 2005).
1041:McNeil, Liz (November 6, 2014).
605:
591:
513:The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys
4535:
3964:Robert F. Kennedy silver dollar
3812:Conflict in Vietnam and at Home
3325:John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge
2942:U.S. presidential election 1960
2715:Federal housing segregation ban
2596:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
2470:U.S. Senator from Massachusetts
1498:
1479:
1450:
1380:
1361:Johnson, Kirk (June 23, 1995).
1354:
1325:
1307:
1295:
1233:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1156:Henley, Jon (August 12, 2009).
1134:
1122:
1110:
1091:
1060:
1034:
1007:
934:
921:
890:
872:
860:
836:
2462:President of the United States
1426:"Obituaries: Rosemary Kennedy"
824:
812:
772:
687:
635:
391:'s 1996 biography of Joe Sr.,
351:According to Kennedy's sister
1:
3039:John F. Kennedy document hoax
3033:Happy Birthday, Mr. President
3027:Coretta Scott King phone call
2965:Birthplace and childhood home
2848:A rising tide lifts all boats
2735:Presidential Medal of Freedom
1717:Valenstein, Elliot S (1986).
1494:– via The Boston Globe.
1072:"The Saddest Story Ever Told"
629:
581:in Brookline, Massachusetts.
565:, with her siblings (sisters
519:
213:Rosemary Kennedy was born at
4961:Catholics from Massachusetts
4143:Robert Kennedy and His Times
3238:Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences
2690:Communications Satellite Act
1014:Block, Jennie Weiss (2002).
463:
373:sexually transmitted disease
7:
4243:Bobby Kennedy for President
4016:Landmark for Peace Memorial
3140:Gravesite and Eternal Flame
2998:Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana
2921:1960 presidential primaries
2829:We choose to go to the Moon
2695:Community Mental Health Act
2383:The Kennedys: After Camelot
844:Rose Kennedy and Her Family
584:
346:
207:Hyannis Port, Massachusetts
112:Convent of the Sacred Heart
10:
4977:
4421:Kathleen Kennedy Cavendish
4094:"Abraham, Martin and John"
4067:Robert F. Kennedy in media
3804:Day of Affirmation Address
3762:1968 presidential campaign
2926:1960 presidential campaign
2859:State of the Union Address
2823:American University speech
2710:Federal affirmative action
2540:Presidential Proclamations
2323:Joseph P. Kennedy III
2261:Edward M. Kennedy Jr.
2155:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
1557:. New York: Summit Books.
231:Spanish influenza epidemic
18:
4868:
4809:
4683:
4675:The Dream Shall Never Die
4667:
4640:
4629:
4557:
4543:
4487:
4254:
4085:Robert Kennedy Remembered
4056:
3946:
3905:
3854:
3787:
3755:1964 U.S. Senate election
3746:
3733:
3629:
3604:
3528:
3389:
3320:John F. Kennedy Arboretum
3253:
3148:
3088:
3047:
2957:
2884:
2808:
2790:
2765:Oil Pollution Act of 1961
2680:
2667:Moscow–Washington hotline
2576:
2492:
2453:
2404:
2392:
2341:
2284:
2242:
2220:
2149:Joseph P. Kennedy II
2144:Kathleen Kennedy Townsend
2130:
2108:
2058:
2010:
2003:
1875:
1864:
1827:
1698:McTaggart, Lynne (1983).
943:Journal of Family History
853:January 30, 2005, at the
503:The Saturday Evening Post
288:. Kennedy's parents told
239:basic developmental steps
130:
116:
108:
94:
75:
49:
37:
30:
4776:Patricia Kennedy Lawford
4437:Patricia Kennedy Lawford
4333:Douglas Harriman Kennedy
4047:Robert F. Kennedy Bridge
3477:Patricia Kennedy Lawford
3178:Civil Rights Act of 1964
3166:Profile in Courage Award
2760:All-Channel Receiver Act
2730:Pilot Food Stamp Program
2307:Katherine Schwarzenegger
2292:Rose Kennedy Schlossberg
2199:Douglas Harriman Kennedy
2110:Patricia Kennedy Lawford
1978:Edward M. "Ted" Kennedy
1594:Gibson, Barbara (1995).
1253:. Summit Books. p.
955:10.1177/0363199004266849
563:Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
552:, although Shriver told
510:revealed it in her book
219:Brookline, Massachusetts
103:Brookline, Massachusetts
87:Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
68:Brookline, Massachusetts
44:Kennedy in 1938, aged 20
4842:Chappaquiddick incident
4704:Victoria Reggie Kennedy
4301:Michael LeMoyne Kennedy
4153:Hoover vs. The Kennedys
4103:The Missiles of October
3691:Baldwin–Kennedy meeting
3682:Voter Education Project
3417:Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
3340:John F. Kennedy Stadium
3173:Twenty-fourth Amendment
2755:Voter Education Project
2173:Michael LeMoyne Kennedy
2050:Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
1683:The Remarkable Kennedys
1158:"The Forgotten Kennedy"
1077:The Wall Street Journal
534:Cape Cod, Massachusetts
246:intellectual disability
159:Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy
125:Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy
4770:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
4429:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
4317:Christopher G. Kennedy
4285:Joseph Patrick Kennedy
3874:The Pursuit of Justice
3740:
3712:Mississippi Delta tour
3534:← Dwight D. Eisenhower
3471:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
3265:Harvard Kennedy School
3183:Apollo 11 Moon landing
3076:A Nation of Immigrants
2550:Presidential limousine
2318:Patrick Schwarzenegger
2189:Christopher G. Kennedy
2060:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
1848:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
1681:McCarthy, Joe (1960).
1535:Burns, James MacGregor
546:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
433:
316:
263:to accompany her to a
210:
205:The Kennedy family at
161:. She was a sister of
4740:Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
4728:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
4722:Patrick J. Kennedy II
4716:Edward M. Kennedy Jr.
4389:Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
4373:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
4357:Joseph P. Kennedy III
4293:Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
3884:To Seek a Newer World
3739:
3453:Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
3441:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
3133:attending dignitaries
2705:Executive Order 11110
2586:Alliance for Progress
2523:Judicial appointments
2369:The Kennedys (museum)
2234:William Kennedy Smith
2085:Arnold Schwarzenegger
1897:Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
1884:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
409:
361:western Massachusetts
318:In 1938, Kennedy was
308:
223:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
204:
197:Family and early life
155:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
121:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
4794:Patrick J. Kennedy I
4706:(second wife, widow)
4698:Joan Bennett Kennedy
4618:Democratic primaries
4469:Mary Augusta Kennedy
4349:Maeve Kennedy McKean
4033:Kennedy–King College
3820:University of Kansas
3652:Cuban Missile Crisis
3638:1948 Palestine visit
3233:U.S. five cent stamp
3193:Kennedy Space Center
2841:Ich bin ein Berliner
2649:Cuban Missile Crisis
2639:Bay of Pigs Invasion
2545:Presidential pardons
2328:Maeve Kennedy McKean
1973:Stephen Edward Smith
1780:The Associated Press
1598:. Birch Lane Press.
1068:Morris, Sylvia Jukes
997:"The Exiled Kennedy"
762:"The exiled Kennedy"
712:– via YouTube.
599:United States portal
508:Doris Kearns Goodwin
487:Kate Clifford Larson
471:Jefferson, Wisconsin
191:Jefferson, Wisconsin
19:For her mother, see
4911:American debutantes
4822:Political positions
3930:Conspiracy theories
3541:Lyndon B. Johnson →
3429:Tatiana Schlossberg
3411:John F. Kennedy Jr.
3228:U.S. postage stamps
3223:Kennedy half dollar
3213:Cultural depictions
3066:Profiles in Courage
2770:Revenue Act of 1962
2618:Trade Expansion Act
2478:U.S. Representative
2122:Christopher Lawford
2038:John F. Kennedy Jr.
1464:The Washington Post
1398:. January 8, 2005.
1395:The Daily Telegraph
1339:The Washington Post
1334:"The First Tragedy"
1218:, pp. 412, 680
1070:(October 2, 2015).
548:to later found the
4941:People from Boston
4936:Lobotomised people
4852:Friends of Ireland
4800:John F. Fitzgerald
4788:Jean Kennedy Smith
4477:John F. Fitzgerald
4461:Patrick J. Kennedy
4445:Jean Kennedy Smith
4216:(2012 documentary)
4196:(2007 documentary)
4088:(1968 documentary)
4078:(1963 documentary)
3978:Human Rights Award
3741:
3507:John F. Fitzgerald
3489:Jean Kennedy Smith
3399:Jacqueline Bouvier
3345:Kennedy Expressway
3315:Runnymede memorial
3116:in popular culture
3017:Castle Hot Springs
2555:Presidential yacht
2266:Patrick J. Kennedy
2222:Jean Kennedy Smith
1980:(m./div. 1st)
1956:Robert F. Kennedy
1909:Jacqueline Bouvier
1367:The New York Times
1321:. January 7, 2019.
1143:, pp. 252–253
927:Leamer, Laurence,
848:Rosemary's diaries
821:, pp. 203–204
795:"Rosemary Kennedy"
718:2016-12-07 at the
674:The New York Times
555:The New York Times
443:, director of the
393:Sins of the Father
211:
64:September 13, 1918
54:Rose Marie Kennedy
4888:
4887:
4817:Awards and honors
4782:Robert F. Kennedy
4503:
4502:
4246:(2018 miniseries)
4206:(2011 miniseries)
4156:(1987 miniseries)
4146:(1985 miniseries)
4116:(1983 miniseries)
4008:Brooklyn Memorial
3776:Boiler Room Girls
3726:Hickory Hill home
3598:Robert F. Kennedy
3564:
3563:
3519:Billie and Debbie
3483:Robert F. Kennedy
3310:Portland memorial
3290:Brooklyn memorial
3080:
3070:
3060:
3056:Why England Slept
2818:Inaugural address
2788:
2787:
2780:Wetlands Loan Act
2603:Flexible response
2413:
2412:
2280:
2279:
2132:Robert F. Kennedy
2032:Edwin Schlossberg
1999:
1998:
1945:Patricia Kennedy
1862:
1861:
1786:, January 8, 2005
1666:. Villard Books.
1618:Times to Remember
1541:. Harcourt Brace.
1438:on March 24, 2013
1264:978-0-671-44793-9
899:, pp. 251–56
579:Holyhood Cemetery
449:mentally retarded
429:God Bless America
215:her parents' home
140:
139:
99:Holyhood Cemetery
4968:
4876:
4875:
4847:Mary Jo Kopechne
4827:Kennedy Compound
4764:Kathleen Kennedy
4758:Rosemary Kennedy
4635:
4634:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4507:
4506:
4493:
4492:
4480:
4472:
4464:
4456:
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4432:
4424:
4416:
4413:Rosemary Kennedy
4408:
4400:
4392:
4384:
4376:
4368:
4360:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4328:
4320:
4312:
4304:
4296:
4288:
4280:
4277:Kathleen Kennedy
4272:
4247:
4237:
4227:
4217:
4207:
4197:
4187:
4177:
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4147:
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4107:
4106:(1974 docudrama)
4097:
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3994:
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3985:Journalism Award
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3939:
3932:
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3923:Ambassador Hotel
3918:
3898:
3888:
3878:
3868:
3864:The Enemy Within
3847:
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3823:
3815:
3807:
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3719:Kennedy Compound
3714:
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3621:
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3568:
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3553:
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3459:Rosemary Kennedy
3435:Jack Schlossberg
3423:Rose Schlossberg
3405:Caroline Kennedy
3300:Hyannis memorial
3078:
3068:
3058:
3022:Hammersmith Farm
2970:Kennedy Compound
2803:
2796:
2720:Fifty-mile hikes
2608:Kennedy Doctrine
2574:
2573:
2535:Executive Orders
2485:
2473:
2465:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2417:
2416:
2364:Merchandise Mart
2354:Kennedy Compound
2249:
2227:
2210:
2160:
2137:
2115:
2083:
2065:
2045:Carolyn Bessette
2043:
2030:
2025:Caroline Kennedy
2017:
2008:
2007:
1982:
1971:
1960:
1949:
1938:
1927:
1922:Kathleen Kennedy
1917:
1915:Rosemary Kennedy
1907:
1903:John F. Kennedy
1899:
1889:
1880:
1879:
1870:
1852:
1841:
1832:
1831:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1767:Rosemary Kennedy
1756:
1744:
1727:Shriver, Timothy
1722:
1713:
1700:Kathleen Kennedy
1694:
1677:
1658:Leamer, Laurence
1653:
1642:. Warner Books.
1631:
1609:
1590:
1568:
1542:
1522:
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1495:
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1447:
1445:
1443:
1434:. Archived from
1421:
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648:
639:
615:
613:Biography portal
610:
609:
608:
601:
596:
595:
594:
550:Special Olympics
530:Washington, D.C.
441:Bertram S. Brown
369:Washington, D.C.
312:Maria Montessori
303:The Boston Globe
82:
63:
61:
42:
32:Rosemary Kennedy
28:
27:
4976:
4975:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4864:
4805:
4746:John F. Kennedy
4688:
4679:
4663:
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4627:
4560:
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4499:
4483:
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4435:
4427:
4419:
4411:
4403:
4397:John F. Kennedy
4395:
4387:
4379:
4371:
4365:Max Kennedy Jr.
4363:
4355:
4351:(granddaughter)
4347:
4339:
4331:
4323:
4315:
4307:
4299:
4291:
4283:
4275:
4267:
4258:
4250:
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4230:
4223:Killing Kennedy
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3796:Law Day Address
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3447:Rose Fitzgerald
3431:(granddaughter)
3425:(granddaughter)
3385:
3374:John F. Kennedy
3365:John F. Kennedy
3357:John F. Kennedy
3305:London memorial
3295:Dallas memorial
3256:
3249:
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3128:Riderless horse
3084:
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2447:John F. Kennedy
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2333:Max Kennedy Jr.
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2162:Mary Richardson
2153:
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2100:Anthony Shriver
2090:Timothy Shriver
2076:
2063:
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2054:
2036:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2012:John F. Kennedy
1995:
1991:Victoria Reggie
1977:
1966:
1955:
1944:
1940:Sargent Shriver
1934:Eunice Kennedy
1933:
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1854:Rose Fitzgerald
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1551:Horowitz, David
1530:
1528:Further reading
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857:from 1936–1938.
855:Wayback Machine
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273:Winnie-the-Pooh
227:Rose Fitzgerald
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166:John F. Kennedy
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3106:media coverage
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1821:Kennedy family
1817:
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1794:
1788:
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1762:
1761:External links
1759:
1758:
1757:
1745:
1739:
1723:
1721:. Basic Books.
1714:
1708:
1702:. Dial Press.
1695:
1685:. Dial Press.
1678:
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1547:Collier, Peter
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949:(3): 225–236.
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621:Kennedy family
617:
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569:, Eunice, and
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401:Walter Freeman
397:James W. Watts
389:Ronald Kessler
348:
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235:loss of oxygen
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135:Kennedy family
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83:(aged 86)
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4309:Kerry Kennedy
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4163:Thirteen Days
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3501:P. J. Kennedy
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3367: (CV-67)
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3350:Mount Kennedy
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3285:Boston statue
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3198:Kennedy Round
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2700:Equal Pay Act
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2683:
2679:
2673:
2672:Vienna summit
2670:
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2662:Berlin Crisis
2659:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2647:
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2644:Cuban Project
2642:
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2528:Supreme Court
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2359:Kennedy curse
2357:
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2352:
2350:
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2197:
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2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:Kerry Kennedy
2176:
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2159:
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2101:
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2079:
2078:Maria Shriver
2075:
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2072:Bobby Shriver
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2035:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1989:
1988:(m. 2nd)
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1967:Jean Kennedy
1965:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1952:
1951:Peter Lawford
1948:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1901:
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1891:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1855:
1851:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1837:
1836:P. J. Kennedy
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1785:
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1740:9780374280918
1736:
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1715:
1711:
1709:9780385274159
1705:
1701:
1696:
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1679:
1675:
1673:0-679-42860-7
1669:
1665:
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1659:
1655:
1651:
1649:0-446-60384-8
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1627:0-385-47657-4
1623:
1620:. Doubleday.
1619:
1615:
1614:Kennedy, Rose
1611:
1607:
1605:1-55972-299-1
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1586:0-471-23292-0
1582:
1578:
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1566:
1564:0-671-44793-9
1560:
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1508:
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1493:
1489:
1482:
1467:. p. B06
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1341:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1304:, p. 233
1303:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1266:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1230:, p. 760
1229:
1224:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1203:, p. 412
1202:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1179:, p. 322
1178:
1173:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1152:
1150:
1142:
1137:
1131:, p. 244
1130:
1125:
1119:, p. 243
1118:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1029:
1027:9780826413499
1023:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1002:
998:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
937:
930:
924:
916:
912:
905:
898:
893:
885:
881:
875:
869:, p. 271
868:
863:
856:
852:
849:
845:
839:
833:, p. 304
832:
827:
820:
815:
800:
796:
790:
788:
781:, p. 166
780:
775:
767:
763:
756:
754:
752:
750:
741:
737:
730:
728:
721:
717:
703:
699:
698:
690:
675:
671:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
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647:
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638:
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627:
622:
619:
618:
614:
603:
600:
589:
582:
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568:
564:
559:
557:
556:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
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498:
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492:
488:
484:
479:
476:
472:
461:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
432:
430:
426:
425:Lord's Prayer
422:
421:brain tissue.
418:
414:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
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321:
315:
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293:
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287:
283:
282:Pope Pius XII
279:
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97:
93:
88:
78:
74:
69:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
4877:
4857:
4757:
4734:Rose Kennedy
4710:Kara Kennedy
4700:(first wife)
4657:True Compass
4656:
4648:
4494:
4412:
4381:Rose Kennedy
4341:Rory Kennedy
4269:Ethel Skakel
4242:
4232:
4221:
4212:
4203:The Kennedys
4202:
4193:RFK Must Die
4192:
4182:
4172:
4162:
4152:
4142:
4132:
4122:
4112:
4102:
4084:
4074:
4023:
4014:
3893:
3883:
3873:
3863:
3668:Civil rights
3548:
3539:
3532:
3458:
3373:
3364:
3356:
3156:Bibliography
3075:
3065:
3055:
3010:
3003:Arthur Evans
2991:
2975:Hickory Hill
2809:Presidential
2740:Space policy
2682:New Frontier
2560:
2513:Inauguration
2406:
2381:
2377:(miniseries)
2375:The Kennedys
2374:
2349:Hickory Hill
2309:
2268:
2256:Kara Kennedy
2207:
2205:Rory Kennedy
2184:Andrew Cuomo
2180:
2168:Cheryl Hines
2164:
2157:
2095:Mark Shriver
2080:
2040:
2027:
1987:
1984:Joan Bennett
1979:
1968:
1962:Ethel Skakel
1957:
1946:
1935:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1849:
1778:obituary by
1752:
1749:Larson, Kate
1730:
1718:
1699:
1682:
1662:
1639:
1617:
1595:
1576:
1573:El-Hai, Jack
1555:The Kennedys
1554:
1538:
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
1500:
1491:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1462:
1452:
1440:. Retrieved
1436:the original
1429:
1404:. Retrieved
1393:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1366:
1356:
1337:
1327:
1319:IrishCentral
1318:
1309:
1302:Kessler 1996
1297:
1288:
1250:The Kennedys
1249:
1235:
1223:
1196:
1184:
1172:
1163:The Guardian
1161:
1141:Kessler 1996
1136:
1129:Kessler 1996
1124:
1117:Kessler 1996
1112:
1103:
1093:
1081:. Retrieved
1075:
1062:
1052:September 6,
1050:. Retrieved
1046:
1036:
1016:
1009:
1000:
946:
942:
936:
928:
923:
914:
904:
892:
883:
874:
862:
843:
838:
826:
814:
804:September 6,
802:. Retrieved
798:
774:
765:
739:
708:September 4,
706:. Retrieved
696:
689:
677:. Retrieved
673:
637:
625:
573:and brother
560:
553:
523:
511:
501:
499:
482:
480:
467:
453:mentally ill
451:rather than
434:
417:butter knife
413:tranquilizer
410:
392:
381:
365:Philadelphia
350:
317:
309:
301:
295:
289:
271:
269:
254:
250:Pennsylvania
243:
212:
188:
181:
150:
146:
142:
141:
95:Burial place
81:(2005-01-07)
25:
21:Rose Kennedy
4906:2005 deaths
4901:1918 births
4860:(2018 film)
4690:family tree
4537:Ted Kennedy
4453:Ted Kennedy
4325:Max Kennedy
4260:family tree
4236:(2016 film)
4226:(2013 film)
4186:(2006 film)
4176:(2002 film)
4166:(2000 film)
4136:(1985 film)
4133:Prince Jack
4126:(1983 film)
4096:(1968 song)
3495:Ted Kennedy
3381:Yad Kennedy
2633:Vietnam War
2613:Peace Corps
2484:(1947–1953)
2472:(1953–1960)
2464:(1961–1963)
2313:Chris Pratt
2272:Amy Kennedy
2248:(1932–2009)
2244:Ted Kennedy
2226:(1928–2020)
2212:Mark Bailey
2194:Max Kennedy
2136:(1925–1968)
2114:(1924–2006)
2064:(1921–2009)
2016:(1917–1963)
1888:(1888–1969)
1840:(1858–1929)
1471:January 24,
1442:January 24,
1406:January 24,
1228:Leamer 1994
1216:Leamer 1994
1201:Leamer 1994
1189:Leamer 1994
1177:Leamer 1994
897:Leamer 1994
867:Leamer 1994
846:, includes
831:Leamer 1994
819:Leamer 1994
799:JFK Library
779:Leamer 1994
679:October 13,
642:Leamer 1994
458:incontinent
357:summer camp
291:Woman's Day
286:White House
177:Ted Kennedy
4895:Categories
4752:presidency
4712:(daughter)
4405:presidency
4367:(grandson)
4359:(grandson)
4343:(daughter)
4311:(daughter)
4279:(daughter)
4123:Blood Feud
3992:Book Award
3947:Legacy and
3828:Ball State
3521:(hamsters)
3437:(grandson)
3407:(daughter)
3255:Memorials,
2980:La Querida
2508:Transition
2494:Presidency
1492:Boston.com
1083:October 3,
630:References
520:Later life
437:depression
330:and Queen
143:Rose Marie
60:1918-09-13
4784:(brother)
4742:(brother)
4559:Electoral
4455:(brother)
4391:(brother)
3949:memorials
3937:Gravesite
3769:primaries
3747:Electoral
3497:(brother)
3485:(brother)
3455:(brother)
3372:USS
3363:USS
3257:namesakes
3111:reactions
2886:Elections
2181:(m./div.)
2158:(m./sep.)
2081:(m./div.)
1947:(m./div.)
1691:559761987
1579:. Wiley.
1348:0190-8286
971:145441644
464:Aftermath
427:or sing "
403:(both of
332:Elizabeth
328:George VI
324:debutante
320:presented
265:tea dance
173:Robert F.
163:President
117:Parent(s)
109:Education
4879:Category
4790:(sister)
4778:(sister)
4772:(sister)
4766:(sister)
4760:(sister)
4748:(brother
4736:(mother)
4730:(father)
4668:Speeches
4496:Category
4447:(sister)
4439:(sister)
4431:(sister)
4423:(sister)
4415:(sister)
4399:(brother
4383:(mother)
4375:(father)
3788:Speeches
3555:Category
3513:Pushinka
3491:(sister)
3479:(sister)
3473:(sister)
3467:(sister)
3461:(sister)
3449:(mother)
3443:(father)
3101:timeline
2811:speeches
2561:Resolute
2499:timeline
2393:Category
2165:(m. 3rd)
1729:(2014).
1660:(1994).
1638:(1996).
1616:(1974).
1575:(2004).
1553:(1984).
1537:(1960).
1516:March 6,
1400:Archived
1247:(1984).
963:15307263
851:Archived
842:Gibson,
716:Archived
702:Archived
585:See also
571:Patricia
384:lobotomy
347:Lobotomy
326:to King
184:lobotomy
170:Senators
147:Rosemary
4810:Related
4561:history
4256:Family,
4113:Kennedy
4059:culture
4057:Popular
2985:Wexford
2947:debates
2518:Cabinet
2342:Related
1372:July 5,
542:palsied
526:Florida
485:author
297:Parents
151:Kennedy
4685:Family
4660:(2009)
4652:(2006)
4271:(wife)
4233:Jackie
3897:(1969)
3887:(1967)
3877:(1964)
3867:(1960)
3846:(1968)
3838:(1968)
3830:(1968)
3822:(1968)
3814:(1968)
3806:(1966)
3798:(1961)
3659:ExComm
3401:(wife)
3391:Family
3149:Legacy
3079:(1958)
3069:(1956)
3059:(1940)
2992:PT-109
2654:ExComm
2637:Cuba:
1737:
1706:
1689:
1670:
1646:
1624:
1602:
1583:
1561:
1346:
1289:People
1261:
1104:People
1047:People
1024:
969:
961:
740:People
646:p. 137
495:stroke
353:Eunice
340:curtsy
131:Family
89:, U.S.
70:, U.S.
4724:(son)
4718:(son)
4641:Books
4335:(son)
4327:(son)
4319:(son)
4303:(son)
4295:(son)
4287:(son)
4213:Ethel
4183:Bobby
3855:Books
3515:(dog)
3419:(son)
3413:(son)
3218:films
3208:VISTA
3089:Death
3048:Books
3011:PT-59
2628:USAID
2482:MA–11
1784:MSNBC
967:S2CID
714:Also
322:as a
278:opera
4609:2006
4604:2000
4599:1994
4594:1988
4589:1982
4584:1976
4579:1970
4574:1964
3630:Life
2937:1960
2932:1956
2916:1958
2911:1952
2905:1950
2900:1948
2895:1946
2874:1963
2869:1962
2864:1961
2563:desk
2480:for
2459:35th
2310:(m.)
2269:(m.)
2208:(m.)
2041:(m.)
2028:(m.)
2004:III.
1969:(m.)
1958:(m.)
1936:(m.)
1925:(m.)
1905:(m.)
1850:(m.)
1771:IMDb
1735:ISBN
1704:ISBN
1687:OCLC
1668:ISBN
1644:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1600:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1559:ISBN
1518:2019
1473:2013
1444:2013
1408:2013
1374:2011
1344:ISSN
1259:ISBN
1085:2015
1054:2015
1022:ISBN
959:PMID
915:Vice
884:WHDH
806:2015
710:2017
681:2015
567:Jean
538:limp
528:and
491:1958
261:John
225:and
175:and
168:and
157:and
76:Died
50:Born
4173:RFK
3355:MV
2285:IV.
1876:II.
1782:at
1769:at
1255:116
951:doi
575:Ted
359:in
217:in
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1828:I.
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