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Correggio von den
Kupferstichen die jetzt Mode sind. Wollen Sie sich den Unterschied völlig klar machen, so lesen Sie gefĂ€lligst etwa die Emilia Galotti die so unaussprechlich modern und doch im geringsten nicht romantisch ist, und erinnern sich dann an Shakspeare, in den ich das eigentliche Zentrum, den Kern der romantischen Fantasie setzen möchte. Da suche und finde ich das Romantische, bey den Ă€ltern Modernen, bey Shakspeare, Cervantes, in der italiĂ€nischen Poesie, in jenem Zeitalter der Ritter, der Liebe und der MĂ€hrchen, aus welchem die Sache und das Wort selbst herstammt. Dieses ist bis jetzt das einzige, was einen Gegensatz zu den classischen Dichtungen des Alterthums abgeben kann; nur diese ewig frischen BlĂŒthen der Fantasie sind wĂŒrdig die alten Götterbilder zu umkrĂ€nzen. Und gewiĂ ist es, daĂ alles VorzĂŒglichste der modernen Poesie dem Geist und selbst der Art nach dahinneigt; es mĂŒĂte denn eine RĂŒckkehr zum Antiken seyn sollen. Wie unsre Dichtkunst mit dem Roman, so fing die der Griechen mit dem Epos an und löste sich wieder darin auf.
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including in very different ways the United States and Russia, feelings that great change was underway or just about to come were still possible. Displays of intense emotion in art remained prominent, as did the exotic and historical settings pioneered by the
Romantics, but experimentation with form and technique was generally reduced, often replaced with meticulous technique, as in the poems of Tennyson or many paintings. If not realist, late 19th-century art was often extremely detailed, and pride was taken in adding authentic details in a way that earlier Romantics did not trouble with. Many Romantic ideas about the nature and purpose of art, above all the pre-eminent importance of originality, remained important for later generations, and often underlie modern views, despite opposition from theorists.
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4248:, for example) "leads us into the depths of the spiritual world", with elements of fear, love, and sorrow, "a presentiment of the infinite ... in the eternal dance of the spheres". Beethoven's music, on the other hand, conveys a sense of "the monstrous and immeasurable", with the pain of an endless longing that "will burst our breasts in a fully coherent concord of all the passions". This elevation in the valuation of pure emotion resulted in the promotion of music from the subordinate position it had held in relation to the verbal and plastic arts during the Enlightenment. Because music was considered to be free of the constraints of reason, imagery, or any other precise concept, it came to be regarded, first in the writings of
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Platonic vision of ideal beauty, which the artist seeks to convey, however imperfectly, on canvas or in sound, is replaced by a passionate belief in spiritual freedom, individual creativity. The painter, the poet, the composer do not hold up a mirror to nature, however ideal, but invent; they do not imitate (the doctrine of mimesis), but create not merely the means but the goals that they pursue; these goals represent the self-expression of the artist's own unique, inner vision, to set aside which in response to the demands of some "external" voiceâchurch, state, public opinion, family friends, arbiters of tasteâis an act of betrayal of what alone justifies their existence for those who are in any sense creative.
2862:
4111:
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2544:"metaphysical crisis". These observers put more weight on the link between the 19th-century Spanish writers with the existentialist movement that emerged immediately after. According to Richard Caldwell, the writers that we now identify with Spain's romanticism were actually precursors to those who galvanized the literary movement that emerged in the 1920s. This notion is the subject of debate for there are authors who stress that Spain's romanticism is one of the earliest in Europe, while some assert that Spain really had no period of literary romanticism. This controversy underscores a certain uniqueness to Spanish Romanticism in comparison to its European counterparts.
5125:
2979:
88:
3612:, in which Goya saw himself as a participant. The demonic and anti-rational monsters thrown up by his imagination are only superficially similar to those of the Gothic fantasies of northern Europe, and in many ways he remained wedded to the classicism and realism of his training, as well as looking forward to the Realism of the later 19th century. But he, more than any other artist of the period, exemplified the Romantic values of the expression of the artist's feelings and his personal imaginative world. He also shared with many of the Romantic painters a more free handling of paint, emphasized in the new prominence of the brushstroke and
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4614:, a prominent Romantic thinker, said that understanding nature required "an attitude of admiration, love and worship, a personal response". He believed that knowledge was only attainable by those who truly appreciated and respected nature. Self-understanding was an important aspect of Romanticism. It had less to do with proving that man was capable of understanding nature (through his budding intellect) and therefore controlling it, and more to do with the emotional appeal of connecting himself with nature and understanding it through a harmonious co-existence.
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3116:, which portrayed a less restrictive relationship between God and Universe. The new philosophy presented the individual with a more personal relationship with God. Transcendentalism and Romanticism appealed to Americans in a similar fashion, for both privileged feeling over reason, individual freedom of expression over the restraints of tradition and custom. It often involved a rapturous response to nature. It encouraged the rejection of harsh, rigid Calvinism, and promised a new blossoming of American culture.
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of yore. Romantic literature was personal, intense, and portrayed more emotion than ever seen in neoclassical literature. America's preoccupation with freedom became a great source of motivation for
Romantic writers as many were delighted in free expression and emotion without so much fear of ridicule and controversy. They also put more effort into the psychological development of their characters, and the main characters typically displayed extremes of sensitivity and excitement.
666:, Romanticism embodied "a new and restless spirit, seeking violently to burst through old and cramping forms, a nervous preoccupation with perpetually changing inner states of consciousness, a longing for the unbounded and the indefinable, for perpetual movement and change, an effort to return to the forgotten sources of life, a passionate effort at self-assertion both individual and collective, a search after means of expressing an unappeasable yearning for unattainable goals".
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9173:. 3 vols. Paris: Chez l'auteur, de L'Imprimerie de la république, 1789. Second, enlarged edition, Paris: Imprimerie de la république, pluviÎse, 1797. Republished, 3 vols., Paris: Verdiere, 1812; Brussels: Whalen, 1829. Facsimile of the 1797 edition, Da Capo Press Music Reprint Series. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971. Facsimile reprint in 1 volume of the 1829 Brussels edition, Bibliotheca musica Bononiensis, Sezione III no. 43. Bologna: Forni Editore, 1978.
1893:(founded in 1817), which had a major impact on the development of British literature and drama in the era of Romanticism. Ian Duncan and Alex Benchimol suggest that publications like the novels of Scott and these magazines were part of a highly dynamic Scottish Romanticism that by the early nineteenth century, caused Edinburgh to emerge as the cultural capital of Britain and become central to a wider formation of a "British Isles nationalism".
4793:
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4906:, where the claimed ancient roots were invented. The view that fairy tales, unless contaminated from outside literary sources, were preserved in the same form over thousands of years, was not exclusive to Romantic Nationalists, but fit in well with their views that such tales expressed the primordial nature of a people. For instance, the Brothers Grimm rejected many tales they collected because of their similarity to tales by
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43:
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848:, which began in 1789 in the very early stages of the period, is clearly important, but highly variable depending on geography and individual reactions. Most Romantics can be said to be broadly progressive in their views, but a considerable number always had, or developed, a wide range of conservative views, and nationalism was in many countries strongly associated with Romanticism, as discussed in detail below.
1998:, Schiller (in France a key Romantic author), and adaptations of Scott and Byron alongside French authors, several of whom began to write in the late 1820s. Cliques of pro- and anti-Romantics developed, and productions were often accompanied by raucous vocalizing by the two sides, including the shouted assertion by one theatregoer in 1822 that "Shakespeare, c'est l'aide-de-camp de Wellington" ("Shakespeare is
978:
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and an inseparable whole. ...Only when each people, left to itself, develops and forms itself in accordance with its own peculiar quality, and only when in every people each individual develops himself in accordance with that common quality, as well as in accordance with his own peculiar qualityâthen, and then only, does the manifestation of divinity appear in its true mirror as it ought to be.
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4005:. These works reflected the Gothic feelings of death and decay. They also show the Romantic ideal that Nature is powerful and will eventually overcome the transient creations of men. More often, they worked to distinguish themselves from their European counterparts by depicting uniquely American scenes and landscapes. This idea of an American identity in the art world is reflected in
4645:, and the critical attitude, even cynicism, of earlier historians was often replaced by a tendency to create romantic stories with clearly distinguished heroes and villains. Nationalist ideology of the period placed great emphasis on racial coherence, and the antiquity of peoples, and tended to vastly overemphasize the continuity between past periods and the present, leading to
3229:. It was designed for the Queen and her friends to amuse themselves by playing at being peasants, and included a farmhouse with a dairy, a mill, a boudoir, a pigeon loft, a tower in the form of a lighthouse from which one could fish in the pond, a belvedere, a cascade and grotto, and a luxuriously furnished cottage with a billiard room for the Queen.
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3587:(1827). The second was a scene from the Greek War of Independence, completed the year Byron died there, and the last was a scene from one of Byron's plays. With Shakespeare, Byron was to provide the subject matter for many other works of Delacroix, who also spent long periods in North Africa, painting colourful scenes of mounted Arab warriors. His
9186:. 1810. "Recension: Sinfonie pour 2 Violons, 2 Violes, Violoncelle e Contre-Violon, 2 Flûtes, petite Flûte, 2 Hautbois, 2 Clarinettes, 2 Bassons, Contrabasson, 2 Cors, 2 Trompettes, Timbales et 3 Trompes, composée et dediée etc. par Louis van Beethoven. à Leipsic, chez Breitkopf et HÀrtel, Oeuvre 67. No. 5. des Sinfonies. (Pr. 4 Rthlr. 12 Gr.)".
3175:. The cathedral's construction began in 1248, but was halted in 1473. The original plans for the façade were discovered in 1840, and it was decided to recommence. Schinkel followed the original design as much as possible, but he also used modern construction technology, including an iron frame for the roof. The building was finished in 1880.
3970:. His long, prolific and extremely successful career saw him begin as a Neoclassical painter, pass right through the Romantic period, and emerge at the other end as a sentimental painter of young women. His Romantic period included many historical pieces of "Troubadour" tendencies, but on a very large scale, that are heavily influenced by
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1556:, whose collapse and replacement with the dictatorship of Napoleon was, as elsewhere in Europe, a shock to the movement. Though his novels celebrated Scottish identity and history, Scott was politically a firm Unionist, but admitted to Jacobite sympathies. Several Romantics spent much time abroad, and a famous stay on
1781:, written in 1762, was speedily translated into many European languages, and its appreciation of natural beauty and treatment of the ancient legend has been credited more than any single work with bringing about the Romantic movement in European, and especially in German literature, through its influence on
5027:(directed against the Russians), where he depicts Poland as the Christ of Nations. He also wrote "Verily I say unto you, it is not for you to learn civilization from foreigners, but it is you who are to teach them civilization ... You are among the foreigners like the Apostles among the idolaters". In
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Those who speak the same language are joined to each other by a multitude of invisible bonds by nature herself, long before any human art begins; they understand each other and have the power of continuing to make themselves understood more and more clearly; they belong together and are by nature one
851:
In philosophy and the history of ideas, Romanticism was seen by Isaiah Berlin as disrupting for over a century the classic
Western traditions of rationality and the idea of moral absolutes and agreed values, leading "to something like the melting away of the very notion of objective truth", and hence
677:
artists who were largely concerned with depicting and critiquing social relations, thereby neglecting the relationship between people and Nature. Romantics generally believed a close connection with Nature was beneficial for human beings, especially for individuals who broke off from society in order
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American
Romanticism embraced the individual and rebelled against the confinement of neoclassicism and religious tradition. The Romantic movement in America created a new literary genre that continues to influence American writers. Novels, short stories, and poems replaced the sermons and manifestos
6861:
Ich habe ein bestimmtes
Merkmahl des Gegensatzes zwischen dem Antiken und dem Romantischen aufgestellt. Indessen bitte ich Sie doch, nun nicht sogleich anzunehmen, daà mir das Romantische und das Moderne völlig gleich gelte. Ich denke es ist etwa ebenso verschieden, wie die GemÀhlde des Raphael und
4847:, and the reactions in other nations. Napoleonic nationalism and republicanism were, at first, inspirational to movements in other nations: self-determination and a consciousness of national unity were held to be two of the reasons why France was able to defeat other countries in battle. But as the
4214:
Although the term "Romanticism" when applied to music has come to imply the period roughly from 1800 until 1850, or else until around 1900, the contemporary application of "romantic" to music did not coincide with this modern interpretation. Indeed, one of the earliest sustained applications of the
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In the contemporary music culture, the romantic musician followed a public career depending on sensitive middle-class audiences rather than on a courtly patron, as had been the case with earlier musicians and composers. Public persona characterized a new generation of virtuosi who made their way as
4182:
posits that, "But of course, German romanticism was more closely linked to music than French romanticism was, so it is there we should look for the direct expression of harmony as the central romantic idea." Nevertheless, the huge popularity of German
Romantic music led, "whether by imitation or by
3108:
Romanticism became popular in
American politics, philosophy and art. The movement appealed to the revolutionary spirit of America as well as to those longing to break free of the strict religious traditions of early settlement. The Romantics rejected rationalism and religious intellect. It appealed
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The
European Romantic movement reached America in the early 19th century. American Romanticism was just as multifaceted and individualistic as it was in Europe. Like the Europeans, the American Romantics demonstrated a high level of moral enthusiasm, commitment to individualism and the unfolding of
2543:
There are scholars who consider
Spanish Romanticism to be Proto-Existentialism because it is more anguished than the movement in other European countries. Foster et al., for example, say that the work of Spain's writers such as Espronceda, Larra, and other writers in the 19th century demonstrated a
2408:
Influenced heavily by Lord Byron, Lermontov sought to explore the Romantic emphasis on metaphysical discontent with society and self, while Tyutchev's poems often described scenes of nature or passions of love. Tyutchev commonly operated with such categories as night and day, north and south, dream
958:
were important precursors of Realism in their respective media. However, Romantic styles, now often representing the established and safe style against which Realists rebelled, continued to flourish in many fields for the rest of the century and beyond. In music such works from after about 1850 are
685:
has observed, "much of romantic poetry invited the reader to identify the protagonists with the poets themselves." This quality in Romantic literature, in turn, influenced the approach and reception of works in other media; it has seeped into everything from critical evaluations of individual style
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which emphasized quick, tactical maneuvers characterized by aesthetic beauty rather than long-term strategic planning, which was considered to be of secondary importance. The Romantic era in chess is generally considered to have begun around the 18th century (although a primarily tactical style of
1702:
perhaps the best work produced, though that was not played in a public theatre in England until a century after his death. Byron's plays, along with dramatizations of his poems and Scott's novels, were much more popular on the Continent, and especially in France, and through these versions several
4347:
By the second quarter of the 20th century, an awareness that radical changes in musical syntax had occurred during the early 1900s caused another shift in historical viewpoint, and the change of century came to be seen as marking a decisive break with the musical past. This in turn led historians
4165:
The term "Romanticism" when applied to music has come to imply the period roughly from 1800 until 1850, or else until around 1900. Musical Romanticism is predominantly a German phenomenonâso much so that one respected French reference work defines it entirely in terms of "The role of music in the
2190:
period, differentiating it from that of other countries. They had not suffered the loss of national statehood as was the case with Poland. Influenced by the general spirit and main ideas of European Romanticism, the literature of Polish Romanticism is unique, as many scholars have pointed out, in
2099:
is today probably the most highly regarded French novelist of the period, but he stands in a complex relation with Romanticism, and is notable for his penetrating psychological insight into his characters and his realism, qualities rarely prominent in Romantic fiction. As a survivor of the French
4928:
folk literature, using peasant culture as the foundation. He regarded the oral literature of the peasants as an integral part of Serbian culture, compiling it to use in his collections of folk songs, tales and proverbs, as well as the first dictionary of vernacular Serbian. Similar projects were
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Eco (1994) p. 95 quote: Much art has been and is repetitive. The concept of absolute originality is a contemporary one, born with Romanticism; classical art was in vast measure serial, and the "modern" avant-garde (at the beginning of this century) challenged the Romantic idea of "creation from
864:
in the realm of ethics, politics, aesthetics it was the authenticity and sincerity of the pursuit of inner goals that mattered; this applied equally to individuals and groupsâstates, nations, movements. This is most evident in the aesthetics of romanticism, where the notion of eternal models, a
4824:
of nationalities, nationalism was one of the key vehicles of Romanticism, its role, expression and meaning. One of the most important functions of medieval references in the 19th century was nationalist. Popular and epic poetry were its workhorses. This is visible in Germany and Ireland, where
3601:", literally "story painting", a phrase dating back to the Italian Renaissance meaning the painting of subjects with groups of figures, long considered the highest and most difficult form of art, did indeed become the painting of historical scenes, rather than those from religion or mythology.
962:
In northern Europe, the Early Romantic visionary optimism and belief that the world was in the process of great change and improvement had largely vanished, and some art became more conventionally political and polemical as its creators engaged polemically with the world as it was. Elsewhere,
623:
and others thought there were natural laws the imagination of born artists followed instinctively when these individuals were, so to speak, "left alone" during the creative process. These "natural laws" could support a wide range of different formal approaches: as many, perhaps, as there were
1631:
appeared from a distance to be a suitably Romantic end, entrenching his legend. Keats in 1821 and Shelley in 1822 both died in Italy, Blake (at almost 70) in 1827, and Coleridge largely ceased to write in the 1820s. Wordsworth was by 1820 respectable and highly regarded, holding a government
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as "the three masters of instrumental compositions" who "breathe one and the same romantic spirit". He justified his view on the basis of these composers' depth of evocative expression and their marked individuality. In Haydn's music, according to Hoffmann, "a child-like, serene disposition
3141:. Romantic architecture reached its peak in the mid-19th century, and continued to appear until the end of the 19th century. It was designed to evoke an emotional reaction, either respect for tradition or nostalgia for a bucolic past. It was frequently inspired by the architecture of the
3538:
was puzzled and disappointed by his pupil's direction, saying: "Either Girodet is mad or I no longer know anything of the art of painting". A new generation of the French school, developed personal Romantic styles, though still concentrating on history painting with a political message.
698:
The group of words with the root "Roman" in the various European languages, such as "romance" and "Romanesque", has a complicated history. By the 18th century, European languagesânotably German, French and Slavic languagesâwere using the term "Roman" in the sense of the English word
291:, though, the cultural and artistic climate had changed to such a degree that Romanticism essentially dispersed into subsequent movements. The final Late Romanticist figures to maintain the Romantic ideals died in the 1940s. Though they were still widely respected, they were seen as
428:
However, Romanticism has had a lasting impact on Western civilization, and many works of art, music, and literature that embody the Romantic ideals have been made after the end of the Romantic Era. The movement's advocacy for nature appreciation is cited as an influence for current
3246:, who wrote celebrated romantic novels and short stories and was also the first head of the commission of Historic Monuments in France, responsible for publicizing and restoring (and sometimes romanticizing) many French cathedrals and monuments desecrated and ruined after the
1479:
achieved enormous fame and influence throughout Europe with works exploiting the violence and drama of their exotic and historical settings; Goethe called Byron "undoubtedly the greatest genius of our century". Scott achieved immediate success with his long narrative poem
4166:
aesthetics of German romanticism". Another French encyclopedia holds that the German temperament generally "can be described as the deep and diverse action of romanticism on German musicians", and that there is only one true representative of Romanticism in French music,
1142:
had young men throughout Europe emulating its protagonist, a young artist with a very sensitive and passionate temperament. At that time Germany was a multitude of small separate states, and Goethe's works would have a seminal influence in developing a unifying sense of
3650:, were both based in Rome and firm Neoclassicists, not at all tempted to allow influence from medieval sculpture, which would have been one possible approach to Romantic sculpture. When it did develop, true Romantic sculptureâwith the exception of a few artists such as
4380:(1949â86), accepted the earlier position that Classicism and Romanticism together constitute a single period beginning in the middle of the 18th century, but at the same time held that it continued into the 20th century, including such pre-World War II developments as
1941:, an aristocrat who had remained a royalist throughout the Revolution, and returned to France from exile in England and America under Napoleon, with whose regime he had an uneasy relationship. His writings, all in prose, included some fiction, such as his influential
3459:
artist whose landscapes had elements that Romantic painters repeatedly turned to. Friedrich often used single figures, or features like crosses, set alone amidst a huge landscape, "making them images of the transitoriness of human life and the premonition of death".
3430:
were born less than a year apart in 1774 and 1775 respectively and were to take German and English landscape painting to their extremes of Romanticism, but both their artistic sensibilities were formed when forms of Romanticism was already strongly present in art.
789:
placed it between 1789, or 1798, this latter a very typical view, and about 1830, perhaps a little later than some other critics. Others have proposed 1780â1830. In other fields and other countries the period denominated as Romantic can be considerably different;
959:
referred to by some writers as "Late Romantic" and by others as "Neoromantic" or "Postromantic", but other fields do not usually use these terms; in English literature and painting the convenient term "Victorian" avoids having to characterise the period further.
2639:(1843), named by himself as a "Romantic drama" and it was acclaimed as an exceptional work, dealing with themes as national independence, faith, justice and love. He was also deeply interested in Portuguese folkloric verse, which resulted in the publication of
3607:
was called "the last great painter in whose art thought and observation were balanced and combined to form a faultless unity". But the extent to which he was a Romantic is a complex question. In Spain, there was still a struggle to introduce the values of the
1636:, but wrote relatively little. In the discussion of English literature, the Romantic period is often regarded as finishing around the 1820s, or sometimes even earlier, although many authors of the succeeding decades were no less committed to Romantic values.
2909:, is marked by a profound influence of European themes and traditions, involving the melancholy, sadness and despair related to unobtainable love. Goethe and Lord Byron are commonly quoted in these works. Some of the most notable authors of this phase are
1693:, both published in 1847, which also introduced more Gothic themes. While these two novels were written and published after the Romantic period is said to have ended, their novels were heavily influenced by Romantic literature they had read as children.
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1077:
is generally considered the first Romantic poet in English. Both Chatterton and Macpherson's work involved elements of fraud, as what they claimed was earlier literature that they had discovered or compiled was, in fact, entirely their own work. The
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reaction", to an often nationalistically inspired vogue amongst Polish, Hungarian, Russian, Czech, and Scandinavian musicians, successful "perhaps more because of its extra-musical traits than for the actual value of musical works by its masters".
615:, thinking along similar lines, wrote that poetry should begin with "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings", which the poet then "recollect in tranquility", enabling the poet to find a suitably unique form for representing such feelings.
5271:
811:
until 1815. These wars, along with the political and social turmoil that went along with them, served as the background for Romanticism. The key generation of French Romantics born between 1795 and 1805 had, in the words of one of their number,
3500:. Like Friedrich, none of these artists had significant influence after their deaths for the rest of the 19th century, and were 20th-century rediscoveries from obscurity, though Blake was always known as a poet, and Norway's leading painter
6456:
4811:
One of Romanticism's key ideas and most enduring legacies is the assertion of nationalism, which became a central theme of Romantic art and political philosophy. From the earliest parts of the movement, with their focus on development of
1900:
and fears of Jacobite assemblies. In the later eighteenth century, many plays were written for and performed by small amateur companies and were not published and so most have been lost. Towards the end of the century there were
764:
I perceive that in Germany, as well as in Italy, there is a great struggle about what they call 'Classical' and 'Romantic', terms which were not subjects of classification in England, at least when I left it four or five years
3707:
2880:
Brazilian Romanticism is characterized and divided in three different periods. The first one is basically focused on the creation of a sense of national identity, using the ideal of the heroic Indian. Some examples include
4985:. Revival and reinterpretation of ancient myths, customs and traditions by Romantic poets and painters helped to distinguish their indigenous cultures from those of the dominant nations and crystallise the mythography of
1851:(1820). Scott probably did more than any other figure to define and popularise Scottish cultural identity in the nineteenth century. Other major literary figures connected with Romanticism include the poets and novelists
618:
The Romantics never doubted that emotionally motivated art would find suitable, harmonious modes for expressing its vital contentâif, that is, the artist steered clear of moribund conventions and distracting precedents.
2233:
worked abroad, often banished from Poland by the occupying powers due to their politically subversive ideas. Their work became increasingly dominated by the ideals of political struggle for freedom and their country's
3435:, born in 1776, stayed closer to the English landscape tradition, but in his largest "six-footers" insisted on the heroic status of a patch of the working countryside where he had grown upâchallenging the traditional
2696:. His output is vast and covers many different genres, such as historical essays, poetry, novels, opuscules and theatre, where he brings back a whole world of Portuguese legends, tradition and history, especially in
16532:
5363:
3641:
remained largely impervious to Romanticism, probably partly for technical reasons, as the most prestigious material of the day, marble, does not lend itself to expansive gestures. The leading sculptors in Europe,
1411:, with many of the finest poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, is often held to mark the start of the movement. The majority of the poems were by Wordsworth, and many dealt with the lives of the poor in his native
9867:
Halmi, Nicholas. 2019. "European Romanticism." In The Cambridge History of Modern European Thought, ed. Warren Breckman and Peter Gordon, vol. 1, 40-64. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107097759.
5417:
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Romanticism played an essential role in the national awakening of many Central European peoples lacking their own national states, not least in Poland, which had recently failed to restore its independence when
4283:": "The Opera, to which we shall now return, has swallowed down the Neoromanticism of Berlioz, too, as a plump, fine-flavoured oyster, whose digestion has conferred on it anew a brisk and well-to-do appearance."
445:
Romantic style, and this genre of orchestral cinematic music is still often seen in films of the 21st century. The philosophical underpinnings of the movement have influenced modern political theory, both among
4042:
6688:
Spearing (1987) quote: "Surprising as it may seem to us, living after the Romantic movement has transformed older ideas about literature, in the Middle Ages authority was prized more highly than originality."
5124:
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4989:. Patriotism, nationalism, revolution and armed struggle for independence also became popular themes in the arts of this period. Arguably, the most distinguished Romantic poet of this part of Europe was
2260:
also wrote to inspire political and religious hope in his countrymen. Unlike his predecessors, who called for victory at whatever price in Poland's struggle against Russia, Krasinski emphasized Poland's
742:
I seek and find the romantic among the older moderns, in Shakespeare, in Cervantes, in Italian poetry, in that age of chivalry, love and fable, from which the phenomenon and the word itself are derived.
5031:
Mickiewicz detailed his vision of Poland as a Messias and a Christ of Nations, that would save mankind. Dziady is known for various interpretation. The most known ones are the moral aspect of part II,
5310:
1552:
In contrast to Germany, Romanticism in English literature had little connection with nationalism, and the Romantics were often regarded with suspicion for the sympathy many felt for the ideals of the
3749:
9881:
Halmi, Nicholas. 2023. "Transcendental Revolutions." In The Cambridge History of European Romantic Literature, ed. Patrick Vincent, 223-54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108497060
3791:
248:, heroism, and a more organic relationship between humans and their environment. This idealization contrasted sharply with the values of their contemporary industrial society, which they considered
9868:
4344:
composers were not Romantics but "moderns" or "realists" (by analogy with the fields of painting and literature), and this schema remained prevalent through the first decades of the 20th century.
5520:
3123:
The works of the Romantic Era also differed from preceding works in that they spoke to a wider audience, partly reflecting the greater distribution of books as costs came down during the period.
2734:. He became an unquestionable master for successive Ultra-Romantic generations, whose influence would not be challenged until the famous Coimbra Question. He also created polemics by translating
4877:, or nationality, was coined in German as part of this resistance to the now conquering emperor. Fichte expressed the unity of language and nation in his address "To the German Nation" in 1806:
6519:
4677:. They took the Romantic approach of rooting religion in the inner world of the human spirit, so that it is a person's feeling or sensibility about spiritual matters that comprises religion.
9097:
2409:
and reality, cosmos and chaos, and the still world of winter and spring teeming with life. Baratynsky's style was fairly classical in nature, dwelling on the models of the previous century.
4699:
chess was predominant even earlier), and to have reached its peak with Joseph MacDonnell and Pierre LaBourdonnais, the two dominant chess players in the 1830s. The 1840s were dominated by
5467:
2172:
or Polish nobility. Old traditions and customs were revived and portrayed in a positive light in the Polish messianic movement and in works of great Polish poets such as Adam Mickiewicz (
2038:âa historical drama in a quasi-Shakespearean style that had famously riotous performances on its first run in 1830. Like Dumas, Hugo is best known for his novels, and was already writing
1092:(1764), was an important precursor of one strain of Romanticism, with a delight in horror and threat, and exotic picturesque settings, matched in Walpole's case by his role in the early
639:
9882:
5332:
213:, but rather something that evokes a strong emotional response. With this philosophical foundation, the Romanticists elevated several key themes to which they were deeply committed: a
5207:
3439:, which relegated landscape painting to a low status. Turner also painted very large landscapes, and above all, seascapes. Some of these large paintings had contemporary settings and
2788:
1750:
in 1707 Scotland increasingly adopted English language and wider cultural norms, its literature developed a distinct national identity and began to enjoy an international reputation.
5226:
5009:
and suffering under invasions. During the periods of foreign occupation, the Catholic Church served as bastion of Poland's national identity and language, and the major promoter of
3352:
8807:
5035:
and romantic message of part IV, as well as deeply patriotic, messianistic and Christian vision in part III of the poem. ZdzisĆaw KÄpiĆski, however, focuses his interpretation on
7171:
p. 1. There were a few exceptions, notably Byron, who integrated satire into some of his greatest works, yet shared much in common with his Romantic contemporaries. Bloom, p. 18.
4629:
was a highly influential essayist who turned historian; he both invented and exemplified the phrase "hero-worship", lavishing largely uncritical praise on strong leaders such as
4068:
5544:
1643:, whose essentially conservative world-view had little in common with her Romantic contemporaries, retaining a strong belief in decorum and social rules, though critics such as
669:
Romantic artists also shared a strong belief in the importance and inspirational qualities of Nature. Romantics were distrustful of cities and social conventions. They deplored
5289:
3048:'s tales of the macabre and his balladic poetry were more influential in France than at home, but the romantic American novel developed fully with the atmosphere and drama of
260:. The movement's illustration of the Middle Ages was a central theme in debates, with allegations that Romanticist portrayals often overlooked the downsides of medieval life.
519:
Romanticism prioritized the artist's unique, individual imagination above the strictures of classical form. The movement emphasized intense emotion as an authentic source of
4110:
2371:, 1825â1832). Pushkin's work influenced many writers in the 19th century and led to his eventual recognition as Russia's greatest poet. Other Russian Romantic poets include
3167:
was a popular variant of the romantic style, particularly in the construction of churches, Cathedrals, and university buildings. Notable examples include the completion of
1896:
Scottish "national drama" emerged in the early 1800s, as plays with specifically Scottish themes began to dominate the Scottish stage. Theatres had been discouraged by the
8127:
5350:
4324:
as transitional but essentially Classical composers, with Romanticism achieving full maturity only in the post-Beethoven generation of Frédéric Chopin, Felix Mendelssohn,
5098:
3728:
2865:
A print exemplifying the contrast between neoclassical vs. romantic styles of landscape and architecture (or the "Grecian" and the "Gothic" as they are termed here), 1816
1591:
from Ireland, reflected in different ways their countries and the Romantic interest in folk literature, but neither had a fully Romantic approach to life or their work.
1263:
elements. The significance to Romanticism of childhood innocence, the importance of imagination, and racial theories all combined to give an unprecedented importance to
804:
are described stylistically as "Late Romantic" and were composed in 1946â1948. However, in most fields the Romantic period is said to be over by about 1850, or earlier.
302:
across the globe. The movement and its opposing ideologies mutually shaped each other over time. After its end, Romantic thought and art exerted a sweeping influence on
5495:
3770:
1313:, a long academic work on Germanic mythology. Another strain is exemplified by Schiller's highly emotional language and the depiction of physical violence in his play
287:
in music. They continued the Romantic ideal, stressing depth of emotion in art and music while showcasing technical mastery in a mature Romantic style. By the time of
611:
believed that an artist's emotions should dictate their formal approach; Friedrich went as far as declaring that "the artist's feeling is his law". The Romantic poet
15600:
12333:
1754:(1686â1758) laid the foundations of a reawakening of interest in older Scottish literature, as well as leading the trend for pastoral poetry, helping to develop the
1598:, Scott's novels are today more likely to be experienced in the form of the many operas that composers continued to base on them over the following decades, such as
3845:
of 1802, marked the arrival of the style, which lasted until the mid-century, before being subsumed into the increasingly academic history painting of artists like
3833:(1777â1852). Their pictures are often small, and feature intimate private and anecdotal moments, as well as those of high drama. The lives of great artists such as
8941:
Black, Joseph, Leonard Conolly, Kate Flint, Isobel Grundy, Don LePan, Roy Liuzza, Jerome J. McGann, Anne Lake Prescott, Barry V. Qualls, and Claire Waters. 2010.
7081:
4088:
3901:
Another trend was for very large apocalyptic history paintings, often combining extreme natural events, or divine wrath, with human disaster, attempting to outdo
18825:
6163:
5441:
4356:" throughout the 19th century and into the first decade of the 20th. It has continued to be referred to as such in some of the standard music references such as
4223:. This is of particular interest because it is a French source on a subject mainly dominated by Germans, but also because it explicitly acknowledges its debt to
1951:(1802), which anticipated Byron in its alienated hero, but mostly contemporary history and politics, his travels, a defence of religion and the medieval spirit (
756:(1813), recounting her travels in Germany. In England Wordsworth wrote in a preface to his poems of 1815 of the "romantic harp" and "classic lyre", but in 1820
9246:
7097:'s many publications on the Enlightenment and its enemies that did much to popularise the concept of a Counter-Enlightenment movement that he characterised as
6527:
5182:
4001:
and others often expressed Romantic themes in their paintings. They sometimes depicted ancient ruins of the old world, such as in Fredric Edwin Church's piece
2104:
in 1812, fantasies of heroism and adventure had little appeal for him, and like Goya he is often seen as a forerunner of Realism. His most important works are
1703:
were turned into operas, many still performed today. If contemporary poets had little success on the stage, the period was a legendary one for performances of
3105:
the self, an emphasis on intuitive perception, and the assumption that the natural world was inherently good, while human society was filled with corruption.
16582:
6679:
Ruthven (2001) p. 40 quote: "Romantic ideology of literary authorship, which conceives of the text as an autonomous object produced by an individual genius."
734:("romantic poetry") in the 1790s, contrasting it with "classic" but in terms of spirit rather than merely dating. Friedrich Schlegel wrote in his 1800 essay
14225:
1618:(both 1835). Byron is now most highly regarded for his short lyrics and his generally unromantic prose writings, especially his letters, and his unfinished
582:. Romanticism lionized the achievements of "heroic" individualsâespecially artists, who began to be represented as cultural leaders (one Romantic luminary,
384:
were also direct influences on the movement; many early Romantics throughout Europe sympathized with the ideals and achievements of French revolutionaries.
18815:
6560:
4227:(himself a composer, amongst other things) and, by so doing, establishes a link to one of the major influences on the Romantic movement generally. In 1810
998:" with its emphasis on women and children, the isolation of the artist or narrator, and respect for nature. Furthermore, several romantic authors, such as
820:, there were three generations of Romantic artists. The first emerged in the 1790s and 1800s, the second in the 1820s, and the third later in the century.
2835:
as well as by Romanticism and Classicism. An Italian romanticist writer who produced works in various genres, including short stories and novels (such as
10652:
3508:
of German artists, active from 1810, took a very different path, concentrating on medievalizing history paintings with religious and nationalist themes.
1098:
4777:
3295:
18690:
8579:
8069:
7135:
2776:
1627:. Unlike many Romantics, Byron's widely publicised personal life appeared to match his work, and his death at 36 in 1824 from disease when helping the
785:
described it in literature as taking place "roughly between 1770 and 1848", and few dates much earlier than 1770 will be found. In English literature,
5391:
3109:
to those in opposition of Calvinism, which includes the belief that the destiny of each individual is preordained. The Romantic movement gave rise to
10642:
9494:, second revised edition. Sachteil 8: QuerâSwi, cols. 464â507. Basel, Kassel, London, Munich, and Prague: BĂ€renreiter; Stuttgart and Weimar: Metzler.
9142:
2166:
of 1863 against the Russians. It was strongly marked by interest in Polish history. Polish Romanticism revived the old "Sarmatism" traditions of the
13187:
7683:
2680:
is, alongside Almeida Garrett, one of the founders of Portuguese Romanticism. He too was forced to exile to Great Britain and France because of his
1937:, and the French Revolution had been more of an inspiration to foreign writers than those experiencing it at first-hand. The first major figure was
16770:
9094:
2771:, MĂĄrio BeirĂŁo, among others, who can be considered Neo-Romantics. An early Portuguese expression of Romanticism is found already in poets such as
2136:
1427:, which showed the Gothic side of English Romanticism, and the exotic settings that many works featured. In the period when they were writing, the
7044:
Several of Berlin's pieces dealing with this theme are collected in the work referenced. See in particular: Berlin, 34â47, 57â59, 183â206, 207â37.
3909:, whose tiny figures were dwarfed by enormous earthquakes and storms, and worked his way through the biblical disasters, and those to come in the
3484:
Other groups of artists expressed feelings that verged on the mystical, many largely abandoning classical drawing and proportions. These included
346:
For most of the Western world, Romanticism was at its peak from approximately 1800 to 1850. The first Romantic ideas arose from an earlier German
12696:
4264:, as preeminent among the arts, the one best able to express the secrets of the universe, to evoke the spirit world, infinity, and the absolute.
7580:
Intellectual Politics and Cultural Conflict in the Romantic Period: Scottish Whigs, English Radicals and the Making of the British Public Sphere
7559:
Intellectual Politics and Cultural Conflict in the Romantic Period: Scottish Whigs, English Radicals and the Making of the British Public Sphere
4491:
628:", "from nothing", without recourse to existing models. This idea is often called "romantic originality". The translator and prominent Romantic
356:(German: "Storm and Stress"). This movement directly criticized the Enlightenment's position that humans can fully comprehend the world through
18830:
9141:
Greenblatt, Stephen, M. H. Abrams, Alfred David, James Simpson, George Logan, Lawrence Lipking, James Noggle, Jon Stallworthy, Jahan Ramazani,
5428:
5079:
15102:
7709:
6952:
2195:. The Polish intelligentsia, along with leading members of its government, left Poland in the early 1830s, during what is referred to as the "
18855:
14554:
1303:, and the Grimms remained true to the style of the telling in their early editions, though later rewriting some parts. One of the brothers,
18200:
16512:
10192:
10183:
3314:
2643:("Traditional Portuguese Ballads") (1843), that recollect a great number of ancient popular ballads, known as "romances" or "rimances", in
1969:
7334:
Or at least he tried to; Kean played the tragic Lear for a few performances. They were not well received, and with regret, he reverted to
4195:, and the conductor began to emerge as an important figure, on whose skill the interpretation of the increasingly complex music depended.
14588:
9877:
4390:
3678:
that Préault was banned from this official annual exhibition for nearly twenty years. In Italy, the most important Romantic sculptor was
3026:, with their emphasis on heroic simplicity and their fervent landscape descriptions of an already-exotic mythicized frontier peopled by "
2462:
developed a well-known literature with a huge variety of poets and playwrights. The most important Spanish poet during this movement was
6725:; Forest Pyle, The Ideology of Imagination: Subject and Society in the Discourse of Romanticism (Stanford University Press, 1995) p. 28.
3563:
of 1818â19, remains the greatest achievement of the Romantic history painting, which in its day had a powerful anti-government message.
2744:
without knowing German, but using French versions of the play. Other notable figures of Portuguese Romanticism are the famous novelists
1707:, and went some way to restoring his original texts and removing the Augustan "improvements" to them. The greatest actor of the period,
15095:
10996:
7164:
6475:
1766:(1736â1796) was the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation. Claiming to have found poetry written by the ancient bard
8875:, second, thoroughly revised and greatly expanded edition. 2 vols. Berlin-Wilmersdorf: H. Keller. Reprinted, Tutzing: Schneider, 1961.
6718:
1931:, more so than in the visual arts. The 18th-century precursor to Romanticism, the cult of sensibility, had become associated with the
892:
attempted to demonstrate the difficulty of defining Romanticism in his seminal article "On the Discrimination of Romanticisms" in his
794:, for example, is generally regarded as only having ceased as a major artistic force as late as 1910, but in an extreme extension the
18770:
9037:
2877:, and filled with themes of blood and terror, using the metaphor of a slaughterhouse to portray the violence of Rosas' dictatorship.
2799:
Romanticism in Italian literature was a minor movement although some important works were produced; it began officially in 1816 when
159:
8942:
2058:, with his novella published 1845. Alfred de Vigny remains best known as a dramatist, with his play on the life of the English poet
1026:
as something unworthy of serious attention, a view still influential today. The Romantic movement in literature was preceded by the
18044:
17651:
9518:
3277:
was a highly romantic and eclectic combination of artistic styles. Another notable example of late 19th century romanticism is the
1999:
7265:
2044:(1831), one of the best known works, which became a paradigm of the French Romantic movement. The preface to his unperformed play
1980:
1833:
in 1814, is often called the first historical novel. It launched a highly successful career, with other historical novels such as
781:
The period typically called Romantic varies greatly between different countries and different artistic media or areas of thought.
17684:
10209:
4820:, and the importance of local customs and traditions, to the movements that would redraw the map of Europe and lead to calls for
4649:. Much historical effort in the 20th century was devoted to combating the romantic historical myths created in the 19th century.
11167:
4178:
of opera, gifted with a real genius for dramatic effect". Similarly, in his analysis of Romanticism and its pursuit of harmony,
2265:
role in its fight for independence, advocating an intellectual rather than a military superiority. His works best exemplify the
2186:. This close connection between Polish Romanticism and Polish history became one of the defining qualities of the literature of
18132:
15377:
13912:
13346:
9147:
8761:
5155:
4599:
3981:
Literary Romanticism had its counterpart in the American visual arts, most especially in the exaltation of an untamed American
387:
A confluence of circumstances led to Romanticism's decline in the mid-19th century, including (but not limited to) the rise of
3519:
period it became increasingly popular, initially in the form of history paintings propagandising for the new regime, of which
18710:
14315:
13397:
13113:
12592:
10245:
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9711:
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8709:
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7245:
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Ruins, Nostalgia and Ugliness. Five Romantic perceptions of Middle Ages and a spoon of Game of Thrones and Avant-garde oddity
6593:
6495:
6305:
6257:
5555:
4641:. Romantic nationalism had a largely negative effect on the writing of history in the 19th century, as each nation tended to
4376:
4018:
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2635:"), in an attempt to create a new national theatre, free of Greco-Roman and foreign influence. But his masterpiece would be
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2250:(bard) functioned as spiritual leader to the nation fighting for its independence. The most notable poet so recognized was
1928:
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624:
individuals making personally meaningful works of art. Many Romantics believed that works of artistic genius were created "
481:
The movement's ideals were embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature; it also had a major impact on
6347:
4610:, sought in their work to uncover what they tended to believe was a unified and organic Nature. The English scientist Sir
4203:
4026:" by portraying idealized Native Americans living in harmony with the natural world. Thomas Cole's paintings tend towards
13695:
13678:
13079:
12689:
10685:
9844:. Sachteil 8: QuerâSwi, cols. 91â99. Kassel, Basel, London, New York, Prague: BĂ€renreiter; Suttgart and Weimar: Metzler.
9397:
2351:
1938:
908:
828:
The more precise characterization and specific definition of Romanticism has been the subject of debate in the fields of
14664:
13024:
11090:
10163:
4267:
This chronologic agreement of musical and literary Romanticism continued as far as the middle of the 19th century, when
2753:
1807:(1771â1832) were highly influenced by the Ossian cycle. Burns, an Ayrshire poet and lyricist, is widely regarded as the
1299:, who was publishing his invented tales in Danish from 1835, these German works were at least mainly based on collected
17158:
14732:
13583:
12105:
9830:
9427:, translated by William Ashton Ellis. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995. Originally published as volume 2 of
4257:
2759:
Romantic style would be revived in the beginning of the 20th century, notably through the works of poets linked to the
1152:
421:, Romanticism was overshadowed by new cultural, social, and political movements, many of them hostile to the perceived
13052:
4836:, who in 1784 argued that the geography formed the natural economy of a people, and shaped their customs and society.
2016:(1829) before turning to novels that were mostly historical adventures somewhat in the manner of Scott, most famously
267:" revivals are also discussed. These extensions of the movement are characterized by a resistance to the increasingly
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18917:
18875:
14811:
14806:
13651:
13142:
10474:
10316:
10114:
10110:
10064:
10011:
9945:
9941:
9861:
9849:
9783:
9771:
9767:
9748:
9744:
9682:
9663:
9617:
9570:
9546:
9447:
9369:
9353:
9319:
9315:
9300:
9215:
9090:
9059:
9033:
9025:
9010:
9002:
8994:
8986:
8911:
8839:
8795:
8392:
7608:
7587:
7566:
7545:
7524:
7503:
7482:
7435:
7414:
7393:
7090:
6968:
6330:
4396:
3837:
were commemorated on equal terms with those of rulers, and fictional characters were also depicted. Fleury-Richard's
2459:
2418:
1037:
The precursors of Romanticism in English poetry go back to the middle of the 18th century, including figures such as
869:
11070:
10173:
9243:
8124:
6382:""Grecian Grandeurs and the Rude Wasting of Old Time": Britain, the Elgin Marbles, and Post-Revolutionary Hellenism"
4451:
2428:
18937:
18922:
18705:
18066:
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8667:
8058:(in Italian). Autonomous Region of Sardinia, Italy: Center for Sardinian Philological Studies / CUEC. p. 183.
3337:
2987:
2066:
was a central figure of the Parisian literary scene, famous both for her novels and criticism and her affairs with
1770:, he published translations that acquired international popularity, being proclaimed as a Celtic equivalent of the
13817:
11065:
10362:
9458:
4588:
had a powerful connection, especially in the period 1800â1840. Many scientists were influenced by versions of the
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2715:
18977:
18805:
18740:
17785:
17646:
16756:
16413:
16106:
15237:
14710:
13001:
12917:
12607:
10771:
7018:, but many Romantics swung from youthful radicalism to conservative views in middle age, for example Wordsworth.
6381:
4755:âis considered a supreme example of Romantic chess. The end of the Romantic era in chess is considered to be the
4472:
3852:
1423:
1246:
1216:
1211:
11126:
10776:
10550:
2048:
gives an important manifesto of French Romanticism, stating that "there are no rules, or models". The career of
17996:
14990:
14539:
14398:
14162:
13182:
13018:
12727:
12682:
10866:
10296:
10273:
5193:
4804:
4642:
3044:. There are picturesque "local colour" elements in Washington Irving's essays and especially his travel books.
2973:
2772:
2222:
1827:
of the country. Scott began as a poet and also collected and published Scottish ballads. His first prose work,
1328:
927:: "Romanticism is precisely situated neither in choice of subject nor exact truth, but in the way of feeling."
878:
807:
The early period of the Romantic era was a time of war, with the French Revolution (1789â1799) followed by the
574:
conception of a more "authentic" European past with a highly critical view of recent social changes, including
12130:
2934:
18149:
16998:
16091:
16016:
14079:
13832:
12631:
12615:
12532:
12050:
11162:
11116:
10101:
9736:
6247:
6118:
5810:
5188:
4781:
4603:
4358:
4151:
3905:, and now often drawing comparisons with effects from Hollywood. The leading English artist in the style was
2497:
2101:
1987:
1505:
1463:
1160:
470:
of the past and nature, preferring the medieval over the classical. Romanticism was partly a reaction to the
96:
8053:
3597:, one of the best-known works of French Romantic painting. Both reflected current events, and increasingly "
2623:, Scott, Ossian, Byron, Hugo, Lamartine and de Staël, at the same time visiting feudal castles and ruins of
18952:
18927:
18912:
18760:
18745:
18640:
17538:
16715:
16642:
15461:
14833:
14674:
14502:
13307:
13219:
13192:
12155:
11525:
10306:
5890:
5130:
4756:
4249:
2705:
1482:
1138:
373:
31:
10602:
7536:
A. Jarrels, "'Associations respect the past': Enlightenment and Romantic historicism", in J. P. Klancher,
5570:
4934:
2873:, who wrote in the 1830s and 1840s. His writings were influenced by his hatred for the Argentine dictator
1962:
1431:
were widely regarded as a marginal group of radicals, though they were supported by the critic and writer
994:
In literature, Romanticism found recurrent themes in the evocation or criticism of the past, the cult of "
18972:
18166:
17677:
17493:
17296:
15122:
14823:
13489:
12403:
12218:
12060:
10372:
10321:
9899:
7687:
6082:
5850:
5277:
4894:, the revival of old epics as national, and the construction of new epics as if they were old, as in the
4833:
3699:
3363:
3274:
3238:
3164:
3132:
3009:
2978:
2856:
2040:
1782:
1057:. Joseph maintained that invention and imagination were the chief qualities of a poet. The Scottish poet
87:
14776:
12338:
10667:
4406:
4036:
series painted in the early 1840s, showing the stages of life set amidst an awesome and immense nature.
3627:
1275:, above all in Germany. Brentano and von Arnim were significant literary figures who together published
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17508:
17448:
17301:
16241:
16071:
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15035:
14858:
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11269:
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9492:
Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: allgemeine EnzyklopĂ€die der Musik, begrĂŒndet von Friedrich Blume
7155:
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6237:
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5455:
5433:
5116:
4142:
3781:
3589:
2735:
2612:
1953:
1786:
1639:
The most significant novelist in English during the peak Romantic period, other than Walter Scott, was
1133:
1050:
377:
263:
The consensus is that Romanticism peaked from 1800 until 1850. However, a "Late Romantic" period and "
158:
towards the end of the 18th century. The purpose of the movement was to advocate for the importance of
52:
13770:
12348:
11014:
10791:
6441:, "Roaring Alligators and Burning Tygers: Poetry and Science from William Bartram to Charles Darwin",
5755:
3830:
3414:, where from as early as the 1760s British artists began to turn to wilder landscapes and storms, and
1696:
Byron, Keats, and Shelley all wrote for the stage, but with little success in England, with Shelley's
836:
throughout the 20th century, without any great measure of consensus emerging. That it was part of the
607:
of the artists to authentically express their sentiments and ideas. Romantics like the German painter
18685:
18645:
18086:
17583:
17513:
17374:
15948:
14618:
14497:
14453:
13861:
13504:
13472:
13370:
12856:
12587:
11987:
11938:
10238:
9838:
Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Allgemeine EnzyklopĂ€die der Musik begrĂŒnde von Friedrich Blume
9528:
6987:, eighth edition, "The Romantic Period â Volume D" (New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc., 2006):
5959:
4712:
4421:
3895:
3720:
3674:, which represented the horrors of wars with exacerbated passion, caused so much scandal at the 1834
3138:
2619:. While living in Great Britain, he had contacts with the Romantic movement and read authors such as
2297:: specifically chosen by God to carry the world's burdens, to suffer, and eventually be resurrected.
2120:
2024:
1856:
1628:
257:
17:
16226:
12268:
11425:
11147:
6698:
nothingness", with its techniques of collage, mustachios on the Mona Lisa, art about art, and so on.
5595:
3930:
Elsewhere in Europe, leading artists adopted Romantic styles: in Russia there were the portraitists
3263:
2925:. The third cycle is marked by social poetry, especially the abolitionist movement, and it includes
2467:
2437:
1333:
18967:
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18957:
18785:
18513:
18275:
18235:
18225:
18173:
17563:
17369:
16602:
16386:
15787:
15382:
15365:
15020:
14863:
14848:
14659:
14529:
14403:
14195:
14150:
14111:
14052:
14023:
13423:
12764:
12674:
12486:
12308:
12198:
12188:
12125:
11891:
11576:
10637:
10367:
7063:
6222:
5989:
5760:
4670:
4313:
4245:
3822:
3817:, a term with no equivalent for other countries, though the same trends occurred there. Delacroix,
3092:
can be taken as epitomes of American Romantic literature. By the 1880s, however, psychological and
3040:
2815:
had already published poems anticipating Romantic themes. The most important Romantic writers were
1866:
1272:
17093:
16141:
14559:
14519:
12065:
11355:
8382:
5835:
4665:
in science, 19th-century post-Enlightenment German theologians developed a modernist or so-called
4513:
4013:, where Bryant encourages Cole to remember the powerful scenes that can only be found in America.
3251:
2902:
2471:
1991:
18563:
18471:
17770:
17765:
17443:
16662:
16612:
16036:
15543:
14880:
14720:
14475:
14084:
14030:
13634:
13477:
13392:
13319:
13258:
12258:
12115:
12020:
11876:
11305:
10921:
10311:
10120:
10035:
9970:
7371:
7355:
7023:
5645:
5536:
5374:
5161:
5052:
4534:
4236:
4053:
3755:
3540:
3172:
3149:, it was strongly influenced by romanticism in literature, particularly the historical novels of
3137:
Romantic architecture appeared in the late 18th century in a reaction against the rigid forms of
1905:", primarily designed to be read, rather than performed, including work by Scott, Hogg, Galt and
1889:
1841:
1726:
1527:", and his own life contributed a further version. Scott meanwhile was effectively inventing the
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ideals. All of his poetry and prose are (unlike Almeida Garrett's) entirely Romantic, rejecting
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15761:
15654:
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14035:
14013:
13873:
12841:
12597:
12552:
12547:
12243:
12135:
12035:
11546:
11320:
11259:
10876:
10647:
9203:
8883:
7237:
7231:
6194:
6140:
5855:
5730:
5665:
5640:
5383:
5135:
5104:
4864:
4595:
4585:
4579:
4280:
4078:
3802:
3760:
3559:
3423:
3378:
3286:
3278:
2760:
1287:
1148:
934:, which affected literature, especially the novel and drama, painting, and even music, through
900:
608:
284:
91:
67:
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17073:
11922:
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11581:
11505:
11390:
10816:
9658:, translated by Anna Maria Salmeri Pherson. Hauppauge, New York: Barron's Educational Series.
7206:
7200:
6854:
6790:
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2229:
and country life, and the propagation of ideals of freedom. In the second period, many of the
2191:
having developed largely outside of Poland and in its emphatic focus upon the issue of Polish
1195:
769:
It is only from the 1820s that Romanticism certainly knew itself by its name, and in 1824 the
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17862:
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16247:
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15954:
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15862:
15292:
15267:
15232:
15202:
15168:
15090:
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14843:
14458:
14337:
14242:
12801:
12723:
12602:
12567:
12557:
12491:
12318:
12293:
12253:
12203:
12100:
11953:
11800:
11612:
11469:
11410:
11244:
11239:
11193:
11121:
11060:
10946:
10705:
10352:
10301:
10278:
9753:
Zwischen Romantik und Moderne: vier Studien zur Musikgeschichte des spÀteren 19. Jahrhunderts
8943:
The Broadview Anthology of British Literature Volume 4: The Age of Romanticism Second Edition
8143:
7367:
Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Christobel, &c
6174:
6157:
5994:
5526:
5501:
5166:
5140:
4974:
4848:
4826:
4557:
4385:
4286:
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4006:
3998:
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3739:
3583:
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3191:
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2086:
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and several others; she too was inspired by the theatre, and wrote works to be staged at her
1922:
1717:; Coleridge said that "Seeing him act was like reading Shakespeare by flashes of lightning."
1580:
1503:
were to have a long and fruitful partnership. Byron had equal success with the first part of
1361:, the key figures of the Romantic movement are considered to be the group of poets including
1347:
helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature in 1798 with their joint publication
1277:
1124:
1088:
883:
837:
648:
579:
471:
347:
183:
113:
13720:
11157:
10632:
10617:
10178:
9729:
Between Romanticism and Modernism: Four Studies in the Music of the Later Nineteenth Century
9131:
8552:
8142:
The relationship of the American poet Wallace Stevens to Romanticism is raised in the poem "
7159:
6819:
5710:
5675:
3811:
In France, historical painting on idealized medieval and Renaissance themes is known as the
3619:
2910:
2870:
2463:
899:(1948); some scholars see Romanticism as essentially continuous with the present, some like
104:
18907:
18840:
18595:
18508:
18486:
18409:
18405:
18334:
18250:
18195:
18190:
18013:
17857:
17746:
16682:
16562:
16552:
16460:
16433:
16336:
15857:
15414:
14995:
14764:
14669:
14463:
14393:
14309:
14183:
13986:
13812:
13612:
13302:
13137:
13042:
12976:
12907:
12826:
12816:
12806:
12650:
12223:
11785:
11672:
11597:
11310:
11274:
10976:
10956:
10710:
10397:
10337:
10231:
9378:
7601:
The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: Enlightenment, Britain and Empire (1707â1918)
6712:
6611:
Global Extremes: Spectacles of Wilderness Adventure, Endless Frontiers, and American Dreams
6479:
6463:
6252:
5870:
5840:
5785:
5770:
5590:
5405:
5379:
5014:
4986:
4982:
4772:
4666:
4290:
4240:
4207:
3609:
3501:
3493:
3305:
3243:
3225:. It consisted of twelve structures, ten of which still exist, in the style of villages in
3210:
3195:
2944:
2874:
2844:
2832:
2764:
2606:
2591:
preface) that he voluntarily refused to follow the principles of epic poetry enunciated by
2552:
2529:
2071:
2067:
2049:
2018:
2012:
1883:
1881:
Scotland was also the location of two of the most important literary magazines of the era,
1860:
1538:
1378:
1027:
916:
841:
829:
583:
563:
539:, in part by naturalizing such emotions as responses to the "beautiful" and the "sublime".
509:
500:
Romanticism had a significant and complex effect on politics: Romantic thinking influenced
475:
299:
253:
234:
179:
17048:
17033:
16116:
12323:
12140:
11375:
11152:
11009:
10730:
10695:
9904:
The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science
8701:
8695:
6232:
5750:
4855:, Napoleon became not the inspiration for nationalism, but the object of its struggle. In
4564:, 1893. An artist from Finland deriving inspiration from the Finnish "national epic", the
4553:
4436:
4308:)âitself a product of the historicizing proclivity of the ageâattempted a more scientific
3955:
3878:
2940:
2800:
2577:
2525:
2475:
2257:
2183:
2142:
2090:
860:, with a gradual recovery coming only after World War II. For the Romantics, Berlin says,
816:, been "conceived between battles, attended school to the rolling of drums". According to
747:
704:
8:
18865:
18730:
18600:
18390:
18319:
18076:
18049:
18032:
18020:
17842:
17798:
17473:
17333:
17168:
17128:
16725:
16692:
16667:
16502:
16455:
16450:
16264:
16221:
16211:
16161:
16046:
15898:
15852:
15847:
15842:
15837:
15780:
15637:
15222:
15138:
15107:
14985:
14948:
14749:
14635:
14482:
14155:
13841:
13827:
13433:
13356:
13234:
13154:
13132:
12582:
12441:
12145:
12030:
11871:
11254:
11249:
11085:
10826:
10761:
10377:
9732:
8974:
8642:
8596:
French Historians and Romanticism: Thierry, Guizot, the Saint-Simonians, Quinet, Michelet
8010:
7121:, "The Counter-Enlightenment and the Low-Life of Literature in Pre-Revolutionary France"
6623:
6262:
6205:
6077:
5929:
5880:
5720:
5670:
4930:
4852:
4634:
4381:
4341:
4138:
3986:
3571:
3535:
3436:
3415:
3255:
3232:
French romantic architecture in the 19th century was strongly influenced by two writers;
3187:
3146:
3067:
3063:
3049:
2969:
2685:
2677:
2624:
2620:
2596:
1995:
1771:
1751:
1704:
1604:
1309:
1191:
1007:
681:
Romantic literature was frequently written in a distinctive, personal "voice". As critic
636:
that the most valuable quality of human nature is its tendency to diverge and diversify.
430:
380:
began to shape the Romanticist movement and its ideals. The events and ideologies of the
311:
214:
50:
The relevance of particular information in (or previously in) this article or section is
17138:
17038:
16181:
15716:
14960:
13494:
12233:
11749:
11566:
11106:
11044:
10891:
10720:
9739:. California Studies in 19th Century Music 1. Berkeley: University of California Press.
9271:
8355:
7365:
5875:
5800:
5605:
5232:
5213:
4625:
was very strongly, and many would say harmfully, influenced by Romanticism. In England,
4294:
4157:
3776:
3566:
2206:
2179:
2082:
1674:
1509:
in 1812, followed by four "Turkish tales", all in the form of long poems, starting with
939:
108:
18585:
18501:
18491:
18324:
18287:
18217:
18156:
18139:
18093:
18003:
17917:
17731:
17533:
17453:
17384:
17311:
17088:
16973:
16903:
16853:
16687:
16677:
16647:
16622:
16408:
16346:
16206:
16136:
16006:
15913:
15832:
15817:
15679:
15287:
15227:
14970:
14892:
14828:
14642:
14603:
14446:
14347:
14274:
14101:
13888:
13663:
13537:
13467:
13329:
13324:
13101:
12866:
12831:
12638:
12358:
12120:
12110:
11995:
11886:
11780:
11622:
11571:
11484:
11380:
11350:
11340:
11188:
10986:
10675:
10567:
10508:
10286:
10105:, edited by Thomas S. Grey, 67â73. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
10079:
Creating Romanticism: Case Studies in the Literature, Science and Medicine of the 1790s
9468:
8742:
7875:
7832:
7813:
7262:
6536:
6242:
5895:
5795:
5507:
4844:
4821:
4728:
4646:
4059:
4032:
3958:(1800â1855) used a Romantic style in paintings particularly relating to the history of
3647:
3497:
3411:
3301:
3206:
3054:
2824:
2807:
called "Sulla maniera e l'utilitĂ delle traduzioni", inviting Italian people to reject
2390:
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1897:
1747:
1661:
1644:
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1358:
1337:
1228:
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409:
climate, and a shift in public consciousness to the immediate impact of technology and
190:
132:
17043:
16993:
15737:
14918:
14598:
11520:
11400:
10597:
8968:
8812:(in Serbian). ĐŃжаĐČĐœĐ° ŃŃĐ°ĐŒĐżĐ°ŃĐžŃĐ° ĐŃĐ°ŃĐ”ĐČĐžĐœĐ” ĐĄŃба, Đ„ŃĐČĐ°ŃĐ° Đž ĐĄĐ»ĐŸĐČĐ”ĐœĐ°ŃĐ°. 1965. p. 264
8725:
Hayes, Carlton (July 1927). "Contributions of Herder to the Doctrine of Nationalism".
3667:
2882:
1061:
influenced the early development of Romanticism with the international success of his
18715:
18617:
18605:
18590:
18570:
18481:
18428:
18400:
18382:
18185:
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18054:
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17593:
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17404:
17213:
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16697:
16572:
16465:
16439:
16081:
16041:
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15933:
15908:
15827:
15822:
15407:
15360:
15330:
15190:
15060:
14975:
14965:
14630:
14613:
14487:
14106:
14069:
14040:
13993:
13856:
13802:
13792:
13673:
13351:
13263:
13253:
13240:
13229:
12892:
12821:
12796:
12752:
12572:
12542:
12506:
12451:
12373:
12303:
12228:
12070:
12055:
12025:
11866:
11841:
11815:
11754:
11744:
11642:
11637:
11632:
11627:
11295:
11264:
11208:
11203:
11019:
11004:
10926:
10811:
10756:
10680:
10592:
10545:
10448:
10438:
10402:
10268:
10128:
10106:
10082:
10060:
10043:
10025:
10007:
9937:
9923:
9915:
9907:
9857:
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9808:
9779:
9763:
9740:
9707:
9678:
9659:
9641:
9613:
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9566:
9480:
9443:
9413:
9365:
9331:
9311:
9296:
9211:
9183:
9166:
9156:
9121:
9086:
9055:
9029:
9021:
9006:
8998:
8990:
8982:
8946:
8907:
8889:
8835:
8791:
8705:
8646:
8600:
8558:
8388:
8059:
7963:
7953:
7898:
7838:
7805:
7768:
7604:
7583:
7562:
7541:
7520:
7499:
7478:
7460:
L. McIlvanney, "Hugh Blair, Robert Burns, and the Invention of Scottish Literature",
7431:
7410:
7389:
7274:
7241:
7210:
7086:
7015:
6964:
6931:
6825:
6798:
6750:
6740:
6589:
6552:
6544:
6491:
6326:
6301:
6227:
6184:
6128:
6034:
5830:
5790:
5740:
5725:
5690:
5585:
5512:
5258:
5010:
4978:
4958:
4921:
4840:
4813:
4736:
4412:
4337:
4300:
It was only toward the end of the 19th century that the newly emergent discipline of
4272:
4228:
4220:
3924:
3919:
included larger figures, and these often drew heavily on earlier artists, especially
3679:
3663:
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3343:
3247:
3168:
3113:
3059:
3005:
3001:
2952:
2914:
2906:
2816:
2792:
2740:
2719:
2627:
churches and abbeys, which would be reflected in his writings. In 1838, he presented
2615:, which caused him to exile himself in England in 1823 and then in France, after the
2372:
2346:
2271:
2213:âa major figure in the Polish Romantic period, and the father of modern Polish drama.
1739:
1689:
1599:
1553:
1523:
the themes of the Gothic novel in verse. These featured different variations of the "
1251:
1232:
1107:
1074:
1054:
845:
752:
716:
674:
587:
402:
397:
381:
249:
198:
18860:
16983:
13644:
13064:
11912:
11907:
11790:
10627:
8765:
8265:
6627:
5615:
3631:
3161:, with features assembled from different historic periods and regions of the world.
2898:
2768:
2423:
2218:
1947:
1461:
first reached the wider public in Byron's semi-autobiographical epic narrative poem
915:
and Samuel Taylor Coleridge saw it as the beginning of a tradition of resistance to
18476:
18466:
18292:
18240:
18144:
18008:
17897:
17847:
17825:
17820:
17751:
17249:
17208:
17178:
17153:
17078:
17003:
16978:
16948:
16863:
16838:
16833:
16818:
16201:
16151:
16096:
16011:
15996:
15943:
15743:
15689:
15647:
15350:
15143:
14781:
14688:
14566:
14279:
14262:
14220:
14215:
14210:
14128:
14074:
13797:
13742:
13639:
13607:
13578:
13457:
13450:
13445:
13418:
13280:
13275:
12952:
12713:
12178:
12075:
12000:
11917:
11881:
11759:
11734:
11729:
11430:
11420:
11415:
11405:
11395:
11370:
11300:
11223:
11198:
10766:
10715:
10612:
10453:
10443:
10426:
10387:
10382:
10357:
10206:âElectronic editions, histories, and scholarly articles related to the Romantic era
9762:, translated by Mary Whittall. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
8734:
8691:
7867:
7797:
6483:
6150:
6123:
6072:
6049:
5805:
5580:
5550:
5198:
5036:
5002:
4994:
4925:
4907:
4760:
4674:
4590:
4497:
4363:
3994:
3812:
3598:
3444:
3214:
3071:
2922:
2828:
2820:
2521:
2508:
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2326:
2314:
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2196:
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2078:
2054:
2052:
followed a similar pattern; he is now best known as the originator of the story of
1829:
1797:, but flowery adaptations made to suit the aesthetic expectations of his audience.
1763:
1649:
1609:
1533:
1528:
1203:
1179:
1118:
1058:
1031:
943:
895:
833:
782:
746:
The modern sense of the term spread more widely in France by its persistent use by
547:
532:
494:
323:
15471:
12353:
12343:
11561:
11335:
11172:
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6134:
4920:
convinced them that the figure of the sleeping princess was authentically German.
4832:
Early Romantic nationalism was strongly inspired by Rousseau, and by the ideas of
3655:
3406:, 1774, a prophetic combination of Romanticism and nationalism by the Welsh artist
2479:
1933:
1670:
1421:, never published in his lifetime. The longest poem in the volume was Coleridge's
773:
took the wholly ineffective step of issuing a decree condemning it in literature.
330:
18850:
18790:
18675:
18523:
18518:
18496:
18416:
18370:
18127:
18081:
17979:
17956:
17939:
17912:
17697:
17628:
17623:
17553:
17518:
17379:
17274:
17254:
17234:
17183:
17103:
17023:
16988:
16968:
16933:
16928:
16908:
16868:
16848:
16803:
16798:
16533:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
16086:
16026:
15903:
15664:
15521:
15496:
15446:
15370:
15195:
15185:
15080:
15065:
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14928:
14838:
14801:
14786:
14534:
14441:
14383:
14205:
14200:
13957:
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13878:
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13499:
13484:
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13290:
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13159:
13149:
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12912:
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12537:
12461:
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12283:
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11861:
11856:
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11662:
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of Scotland and a major influence on the Romantic movement. His poem (and song) "
1794:
1623:
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1447:
1432:
1407:
1398:
1349:
1264:
1207:
1103:
1003:
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972:
947:
857:
813:
808:
801:
796:
490:
352:
13548:
11958:
10896:
10291:
9704:
Poetry and Politics in the Cockney School: Keats, Shelley, Hunt and Their Circle
8832:
The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm
5610:
2704:("Legends and Narratives"). His work was influenced by Chateaubriand, Schiller,
2489:
2199:", resettling in France, Germany, Great Britain, Turkey, and the United States.
1684:
18880:
18800:
18755:
18695:
18660:
18452:
18365:
18270:
18178:
17969:
17803:
17726:
17548:
17394:
17359:
17316:
17291:
17286:
17279:
17244:
17239:
17118:
17098:
17083:
17068:
17053:
17013:
17008:
16943:
16923:
16888:
16843:
16828:
16672:
16652:
16522:
16279:
16231:
16191:
16126:
16076:
16056:
15991:
15726:
15694:
15642:
15590:
15573:
15563:
15491:
15153:
15030:
15000:
14897:
14885:
14759:
14693:
14625:
14492:
14388:
14091:
13787:
13727:
13668:
13532:
13462:
13169:
13091:
13008:
12861:
12501:
12471:
12436:
12426:
12408:
12313:
12273:
12208:
12080:
12010:
11851:
11836:
11764:
11708:
11698:
11667:
11647:
11556:
11479:
11459:
11444:
11365:
11325:
11029:
10981:
10911:
10806:
10786:
10725:
10622:
10486:
10412:
10022:
Building Romanticism: Literature and Architecture in Nineteenth-century Britain
9999:
9731:, translated by Mary Whittall in collaboration with Arnold Whittall; also with
9583:
9403:
9388:
8878:
7118:
6739:. Rogers D. Spotswood Collection. (1st ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martins.
6467:
6438:
6359:
6104:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
5964:
5924:
5909:
5705:
5680:
5635:
5487:
5483:
5478:
5295:
4966:
4891:
4691:
4686:
4626:
4622:
4519:
4503:
4478:
4353:
4321:
4276:
4268:
4261:
4179:
4171:
4167:
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4099:
3846:
3734:
3643:
3604:
3448:
3432:
3320:
3270:
3179:
3093:
3013:
2997:
2930:
2238:. Elements of mysticism became more prominent. There developed the idea of the
1910:
1906:
1812:
1655:
1491:
1292:
1285:), a collection of versified folk tales, in 1806â1808. The first collection of
1223:
Important motifs in German Romanticism are travelling, nature, for example the
1093:
1083:
955:
931:
889:
817:
791:
551:
486:
482:
392:
388:
298:
Romanticism was a complex movement with a variety of viewpoints that permeated
280:
17143:
15307:
13176:
12516:
12085:
11111:
11075:
10886:
9853:
6556:
6487:
6044:
5815:
5620:
3616:, which tended to be repressed in neoclassicism under a self-effacing finish.
2749:
2520:
there was a national boom of writers in the local languages, like the Catalan
1793:. Eventually it became clear that the poems were not direct translations from
1415:, or his feelings about natureâwhich he more fully developed in his long poem
703:", i.e. a work of popular narrative fiction. This usage derived from the term
18901:
18835:
18720:
18635:
18580:
18440:
18360:
18255:
18105:
18098:
17991:
17944:
17837:
17693:
17613:
17578:
17503:
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17123:
17058:
17018:
16878:
16858:
16808:
16702:
16492:
16351:
16274:
16216:
16131:
16111:
15971:
15923:
15627:
15595:
15456:
15451:
15434:
15262:
15257:
15242:
15217:
15207:
15158:
14818:
14796:
14727:
14593:
14422:
14325:
14301:
14284:
14252:
14237:
14018:
14008:
14003:
13907:
13656:
13617:
13556:
13382:
13339:
13108:
13037:
12969:
12811:
12789:
12705:
12511:
12476:
12466:
12446:
12378:
12328:
12193:
12183:
11968:
11943:
11831:
11805:
11693:
11474:
11345:
10951:
10881:
10856:
10846:
10801:
10501:
10052:
9876:, ed. Daniel Whistler and Panayiota Vassilopoulou, 61-74. ISBN 9780367000103.
9724:
9349:
9288:
8899:
7918:
7809:
7339:
7094:
7019:
6754:
6548:
6540:
6179:
6039:
6009:
5974:
5969:
5939:
5715:
5700:
5600:
5409:
5397:
5369:
5338:
5112:
5085:
5032:
5023:
4942:
4868:
4788:, 1834, Musée d'Art Ancien, Brussels. A romantic vision by a Belgian painter.
4744:
4724:
4716:
4540:
4309:
4094:
3982:
3715:
3675:
3651:
3512:
3489:
3485:
3452:
3395:
3222:
3218:
3199:
2808:
2581:
2367:
1958:
1870:
1820:
1808:
1755:
1412:
1382:
1224:
1202:
later became a centre of German Romanticism, where writers and poets such as
1046:
1038:
663:
643:
467:
463:
451:
414:
194:
17662:
17438:
15893:
15112:
14257:
13919:
12661:
11703:
10160:
7967:
4938:
2584:, which can be observed in his early work. The author himself confesses (in
2533:
2512:. Spanish Romanticism also influenced regional literatures. For example, in
2093:, whose prolific output in various forms continued until his death in 1872.
2032:
published as a poet in the 1820s before achieving success on the stage with
18870:
18670:
18575:
18421:
18395:
18304:
17986:
17974:
17922:
17882:
17877:
17741:
17736:
17543:
17428:
17414:
17264:
17163:
17063:
17028:
16953:
16883:
16873:
16823:
16813:
16306:
16171:
16051:
16031:
15883:
15706:
15659:
15615:
15605:
15568:
15538:
15501:
15476:
15466:
15429:
15272:
15055:
14923:
14647:
14576:
14373:
14296:
14047:
13998:
13902:
13883:
13851:
13748:
13688:
13683:
13428:
13248:
13086:
12944:
12927:
12887:
12882:
12836:
12774:
12481:
12456:
12431:
12398:
12368:
12288:
12248:
12150:
12095:
12005:
11973:
11963:
11948:
11688:
11551:
11541:
11515:
11360:
11315:
11039:
10971:
10961:
10901:
10851:
10796:
10607:
10525:
10496:
10347:
9283:
Crossing the Channel, British and French Painting in the Age of Romanticism
8917:
6217:
5984:
5979:
5949:
5944:
5914:
5865:
5860:
5825:
5625:
5575:
5300:
4740:
4662:
4611:
4457:
4253:
4232:
4116:
4023:
3511:
The arrival of Romanticism in French art was delayed by the strong hold of
3154:
3075:
3027:
2926:
2660:
2616:
2537:
2502:
2398:
2262:
2003:
1902:
1874:
1804:
1800:
1735:
1588:
1584:
1567:
1562:
1524:
1476:
1458:
1402:
1394:
1390:
1260:
1237:
1183:
1079:
1070:
1011:
981:
786:
682:
586:, described poets as the "unacknowledged legislators of the world" in his "
575:
501:
410:
406:
292:
272:
218:
15701:
13562:
11846:
9431:(London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1900), a translation from
9257:
Original Copy: Plagiarism and Originality in Nineteenth-Century Literature
8023:
Garofalo, Piero (2005). "Italian Romanticisms". In Ferber, Michael (ed.).
7788:
Caldwell, Richard (1970). "The Persistence of Romantic Thought in Spain".
3874:
3254:. These included the restoration (sometimes creative) of the Cathedral of
2202:
1665:(1817). But around the mid-century the undoubtedly Romantic novels of the
919:
rationalismâa "Counter-Enlightenment"â to be associated most closely with
18810:
18558:
18553:
18545:
18530:
18355:
18260:
18071:
17907:
17852:
17832:
17810:
17775:
17618:
17528:
17433:
17259:
17203:
17193:
17188:
17148:
16963:
16938:
16913:
16898:
16748:
16475:
16428:
16284:
16236:
16196:
16146:
15622:
15585:
15526:
15402:
15397:
15392:
15340:
15335:
15277:
15180:
15117:
15070:
15010:
14980:
14902:
14744:
14582:
14571:
14544:
14514:
14378:
14352:
14269:
14190:
14178:
14133:
14123:
14118:
14096:
14057:
13893:
13868:
13753:
13715:
13622:
13590:
13542:
13270:
13198:
12991:
12932:
12846:
12784:
12744:
12496:
12363:
12213:
11810:
11713:
11657:
11464:
11330:
11034:
10966:
10700:
10561:
10520:
10469:
10342:
10099:
Spencer, Stewart. 2008. "The 'Romantic Operas' and the Turn to Myth". In
10074:. Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; Kassel and New York: BĂ€renreiter.
9442:, edited by Alison Latham. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
9408:
9222:
9193:
9069:
8854:
7102:
5999:
5919:
5845:
5735:
5685:
5060:
5048:
5006:
4752:
4720:
4442:
4370:
but was not unchallenged. For example, the prominent German musicologist
4329:
4317:
4175:
4048:
3990:
3842:
3554:
3382:
3359:
3282:
3269:
The romantic style continued in the second half of the 19th century. The
3259:
3233:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3110:
2982:
2893:
2812:
2632:
2240:
2235:
2210:
2192:
2174:
2063:
2029:
1774:
1759:
1708:
1640:
1575:
1557:
1520:
1438:
1417:
1315:
1304:
1144:
995:
567:
555:
513:
434:
418:
357:
288:
268:
264:
241:
163:
128:
118:
10218:
World Romanticism in literature, art, music, philosophy and architecture
9688:
Ciofalo, John J. 2001. "The Ascent of Genius in the Court and Academy."
9578:
Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature
9455:
8092:
The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature: Brazilian Literature
7858:
Shaw, Donald (1963). "Towards an Understanding of Spanish Romanticism".
7338:'s version with a comic ending, which had been standard since 1689. See
3205:
In France, one of the earliest examples of romantic architecture is the
3099:
1731:
844:, is generally accepted in current scholarship. Its relationship to the
18341:
18329:
18299:
18265:
18205:
17887:
17573:
17478:
16918:
16445:
16423:
16316:
16101:
16061:
16021:
15888:
15803:
15669:
15481:
15441:
15387:
15355:
15247:
15085:
15040:
14933:
14739:
14549:
14417:
14138:
13940:
13732:
13573:
13361:
13127:
13032:
12996:
12986:
12964:
12779:
12769:
12757:
12709:
11617:
10936:
10916:
10906:
10555:
10392:
10004:
Romantic Music: A History of Musical Style in Nineteenth-Century Europe
9412:, third revised edition. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
9190:
12, no. 40 (4 July), cols. 630â42 ; 12, no. 41 (11 July), cols. 652â59.
8934:, translated by M. D. Herter Norton from two essays first published in
8746:
7879:
7817:
7335:
7098:
6709:
Romantic Creativity and the Ideal of Originality: A Contextual Analysis
6099:
5745:
5630:
5316:
4607:
4388:. This is reflected in some notable recent reference works such as the
4305:
3654:ârather oddly was missing in Germany, and mainly found in France, with
3557:
of 1812 in the years of the Empire, but his next major completed work,
3516:
2681:
2266:
1852:
1614:
1516:
1511:
1495:
in 1808. Both were set in the distant Scottish past, already evoked in
1472:
1443:
1428:
1386:
1374:
1370:
1282:
1199:
1019:
757:
708:
559:
505:
447:
442:
315:
276:
210:
122:
10216:
6389:
4584:
The Romantic movement affected most aspects of intellectual life, and
3966:(1791â1882) was the leading artist of Romanticism in mid-19th-century
2869:
Spanish-speaking South American Romanticism was influenced heavily by
930:
The end of the Romantic era is marked in some areas by a new style of
18775:
18612:
18347:
18309:
17902:
17716:
17608:
17603:
17588:
17458:
17229:
17198:
17108:
16356:
16326:
16121:
16066:
15986:
15918:
15731:
15721:
15684:
15516:
15506:
15486:
15312:
15282:
15015:
14938:
14357:
14143:
13980:
13737:
13438:
13387:
13285:
13096:
12902:
12873:
12278:
11607:
11489:
10821:
10540:
10147:
Magnificent Rebels: The First Romantics and the Invention of the Self
9818:
7751:
The literature of the Spanish people: from Roman times to the present
5447:
5017:
came to be seen in Poland as a Polish sacrifice for the security for
4796:
4792:
4748:
4658:
3947:
3638:
3419:
3088:
2996:
In the United States, at least by 1818 with William Cullen Bryant's "
2775:(especially in his sonnets dated at the end of the 18th century) and
2689:
2592:
2513:
1713:
1698:
1679:
1666:
1560:
with Byron and Shelley in 1816 produced the hugely influential novel
1541:, which was a highly profitable success, followed by over 20 further
1487:
1268:
904:
625:
520:
361:
226:
222:
202:
12704:
8738:
8384:
Introduction to Modernity: Twelve Preludes September 1959 â May 1961
7871:
7801:
4316:
and Romantic periods was proposed. The key figure in this trend was
2787:
2688:
and history. He sought inspiration in medieval Portuguese poems and
2345:, 1803). However the principal exponent of Romanticism in Russia is
18765:
18461:
18282:
18110:
18025:
17964:
17927:
17488:
17399:
17354:
16657:
16391:
16341:
16321:
16186:
15711:
15632:
15580:
15511:
15424:
15345:
15297:
15163:
15148:
15005:
14943:
14875:
14769:
14754:
14428:
14342:
14332:
14320:
14064:
13527:
13224:
13164:
12418:
7106:
5934:
5322:
4917:
4896:
4887:
4873:
4839:
The nature of nationalism changed dramatically, however, after the
4817:
4638:
4566:
4188:
4147:
4027:
3440:
3324:
3226:
3183:
3031:
2656:
2648:
2565:
2433:
2226:
2168:
2096:
1816:
1790:
1633:
1546:
1300:
951:
571:
543:
524:
422:
319:
245:
9228:
American Art in the 20th Century: Painting and Sculpture 1913â1993
4829:
dating from before the Romanization-Latinization were sought out.
3070:
still show elements of its influence and imagination, as does the
2132:
18680:
18535:
18447:
17389:
17269:
16470:
16418:
16376:
16361:
16331:
15050:
14853:
14791:
14608:
14507:
14247:
13974:
13807:
13413:
13013:
12897:
12090:
10841:
10432:
10006:. A Norton Introduction to Music History. New York: W.W. Norton.
9776:
Musikalischer Realismus: zur Musikgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts
6352:. Retrieved 30 January 2008, from EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica Online"
6094:
5780:
5056:
5001:
had suffered to save all the people. The Polish self-image as a "
4953:
4856:
4732:
3834:
3613:
2887:
2811:
and to study new authors from other countries. Before that date,
2281:
2246:
1942:
1847:
1571:
1187:
1147:. Another philosophic influence came from the German idealism of
1106:(1759â1767), introduced a whimsical version of the anti-rational
935:
912:
853:
604:
369:
365:
175:
171:
13969:
10201:
10094:
The Mind of the European Romantics: An Essay in Cultural History
8904:
The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas
8183:
8181:
4170:, while in Italy, the sole great name of musical Romanticism is
2951:, 1878. Romanticist vision of the Battle of Tripoli, during the
2010:
began as a dramatist, with a series of successes beginning with
18700:
17422:
16403:
16381:
16311:
16289:
15674:
15533:
15025:
14955:
14524:
14436:
14291:
13522:
10535:
9295:(Pelican History of Art), Yale University Press, 2nd edn. 1971
9275:
8359:
7763:
Foster, David; Altamiranda, Daniel; de Urioste, Carmen (2001).
7183:
6520:"Traces of Romanticism in the Creativity of Bahtiyar Vahabzade"
5040:
5005:" or the martyr of Europe can be traced back to its history of
4902:
4859:, the development of spiritual renewal as a means to engage in
3975:
3883:
3818:
3803:
The Fighting Téméraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up
3550:
3525:
3472:
3456:
2709:
2602:
2452:
1767:
1647:
have detected tremors under the surface of many works, such as
1619:
1549:
that he had researched to a degree that was new in literature.
1066:
1062:
1023:
1015:
687:
206:
167:
155:
154:) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in
10223:
10170:
explored on the British Library Discovering Literature website
9791:
Romantic Medievalism. History and the Romantic Literary Ideal.
8960:(in series, "Galaxy Book"). New York: Oxford University Press.
7202:
The Brothers Grimm: From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World
7136:"Baudelaire's speech at the "Salon des curiosités Estethiques"
4910:, which they thought proved they were not truly German tales;
18665:
18655:
18650:
18122:
18117:
17523:
17364:
16176:
15772:
13758:
8178:
8167:
8165:
7189:
Thomas Chatterton, Grevel Lindop, 1972, Fyffield Books, p. 11
6707:
Waterhouse (1926), throughout; Smith (1924); Millen, Jessica
6472:
The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Political Thought
6457:"Romanticism and political thought in the early 19th century"
4998:
4695:
4192:
3967:
3951:
3868:
3035:
2693:
2652:
1789:. It was also popularised in France by figures that included
977:
712:
700:
462:
Romanticism was characterized by its emphasis on emotion and
307:
5351:
The Wood of the Self-Murderers: The Harpies and the Suicides
3825:
all worked in this style, as did lesser specialists such as
2959:
was fighting hand-to-hand against the Muslim pirate captain.
1979:" was fought nightly at the theatre in 1830: lithograph, by
18795:
17463:
16397:
16371:
15610:
14412:
10491:
8206:
8108:
Anthology of American Literature: Colonial through romantic
7762:
5459:
5355:
2905:" (Song of the Exile). The second period, sometimes called
1156:
536:
240:
The Romanticist movement had a particular fondness for the
230:
9969:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Online at
9085:, pp. 83â100. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
8255:, 1974, remains the best available account of the subject.
8162:
7686:. University of Virginia Slavic Department. Archived from
3242:
inspired a resurgence in interest in the Middle Ages; and
3000:", Romantic poetry was being published. American Romantic
2730:("The Jealousy of the Bard"), both in 1836, and the drama
1909:(1762â1851), often influenced by the ballad tradition and
523:
experience. It granted a new importance to experiences of
16366:
15601:
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation
8886:: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present
7738:
Ruin and restitution: reinterpreting romanticism in Spain
6963:(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996): 47.
6613:. Santa Cruz: University of California Press. p. 51.
3443:, but others had small figures that turned the work into
2305:
Early Russian Romanticism is associated with the writers
2162:'s first poems in 1822, and end with the crushing of the
1957:, 1802), and finally in the 1830s and 1840s his enormous
528:
303:
10138:
Workman, Leslie J. 1994. "Medievalism and Romanticism".
9895:
From Enlightenment to Romanticism in 18th Century Europe
9138:, (Originally published in German; reprinted 1980) 1952.
9016:
Cunningham, Andrew, and Nicholas Jardine (eds.) (1990).
8194:
7082:
Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder
6411:
History as Romantic Art: Bancroft, Prescott, and Parkman
6325:. San Francisco, CA: City Lights Books. pp. 84â85.
3477:(1800â1802), MusĂ©e national de Malmaison et Bois-PrĂ©au,
1545:
over the next 17 years, with settings going back to the
554:
behavior, and authentic spontaneity. In contrast to the
478:, especially the scientific rationalization of Nature.
329:
The movement is the reference for the modern notion of "
18780:
10072:
Romantik in der Musik: Analysen, Portraits, Reflexionen
9800:, ed. Michael Ferber. London: Blackwell Press, 238â255.
6716:, The Bruce Hall Academic Journal â Volume VI, 2010 PDF
6164:
Plagiarism and Literary Property in the Romantic Period
3839:
Valentine of Milan weeping for the death of her husband
3410:
In the visual arts, Romanticism first showed itself in
66:
by an editor as a result. Please see discussion on the
10059:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
9987:
The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology
9310:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
9020:. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
8102:
8100:
7765:
Spanish Literature : Current debates on Hispanism
7180:
John Keats. By Sidney Colvin, p. 106. Elibron Classics
7022:'s only published text was a short piece opposing the
5265:, 1812â1813, a "classical" landscape to art historians
4198:
2955:. It represents the moment when the American war hero
2576:, who was raised by his uncle D. Alexandre, bishop of
1990:, French Romanticism developed in the lively world of
27:
Artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement
16583:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
9477:
Histoire de l'Architecture de l'Antiquité à Nos Jours
8979:
Romantic Affinities: Portraits From an Age, 1780â1830
8123:
ed by Ann Lee Morgan (Oxford University Press, 2007)
8090:
Roberto GonzĂĄlez EchevarrĂa and Enrique Pupo-Walker,
6776:
Day 3â4; quotation from M.H. Abrams, quoted in Day, 4
3719:(1781), oil on canvas, 101.6 cm Ă 127 cm.,
3100:
Influence of European Romanticism on American writers
2556:
Portuguese poet, novelist, politician and playwright
1295:
was published in 1812. Unlike the much later work of
9638:
European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents
9632:
European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents
8535:
Romanticism in Science: Science in Europe, 1790â1840
6737:
European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents
4948:
4886:
This view of nationalism inspired the collection of
4016:
Some American paintings (such as Albert Bierstadt's
3504:
was heavily influenced by Friedrich. The Rome-based
2077:
French Romantic poets of the 1830s to 1850s include
760:
could still write, perhaps slightly disingenuously,
722:
The founders of Romanticism, critics (and brothers)
546:
and ancient cultural practices, but also championed
9383:
Four Words: Romantic, Originality, Creative, Genius
9285:, 2003, Tate Publishing/Metropolitan Museum of Art.
9221:Joachimides, Christos M. and Rosenthal, Norman and
8554:
A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000
8097:
7174:
6345:
6323:
Revolutionary Romanticism: A Drunken Boat Anthology
1594:Though they have modern critical champions such as
9490:Wehnert, Martin. 1998. "Romantik und romantisch".
8668:"Chess History Guide : Chess Style Evolution"
8634:
8580:On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History
7263:Scott, Byron and the Poetics of Cultural Encounter
6784:
6782:
3658:, best known from his group of the 1830s from the
2795:, sometimes cited as a precursor of Romantic poets
205:were crucial to understanding the world, and that
193:of the time in favour of a moral outlook known as
9825:. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press.
8971:and Vladimir FĂ©dorov, 3:585â87. Paris: Fasquelle.
8809:Prilozi za knjiĆŸevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor
8121:The Oxford Dictionary of American Art and Artists
8106:George L. McMichael and Frederick C. Crews, eds.
7982:"Artigo de apoio InfopĂ©dia â Alexandre Herculano"
7767:. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. p. 78.
7593:
6511:
6443:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
4916:survived in their collection because the tale of
4763:popularized positional play and the closed game.
3534:, was one of the earliest. Girodet's old teacher
3250:. His projects were carried out by the architect
2488:. Before them may be mentioned the pre-romantics
1065:cycle of poems published in 1762, inspiring both
603:Romanticism placed the highest importance on the
18899:
9985:Masson, Scott. 2007. "Romanticism", Chapt. 7 in
9472:, Vol. 34, No. 1 (January 1926), pp. 40â49.
9409:After Babel: Aspects of Language and Translation
9120:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
7952:(17a ed.). Porto, Portugal: Porto Editora.
7364:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor; Morley, Henry (1884).
7014:Day, 1â3; the arch-conservative and Romantic is
6859:. Bey F. Vieweg dem Ălteren. 1800. p. 122.
6300:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 170.
5029:Books of the Polish Nation and Polish Pilgrimage
4703:, and other leading players of the era included
2500:were adapted to produce Giuseppe Verdi's operas
2158:is often taken to begin with the publication of
227:a fascination with the exotic and the mysterious
10125:The Politics of Language in Romantic Literature
9872:Halmi, Nicholas. 2021. "Romantic Thinking." In
9796:Garofalo, Piero. 2005. "Italian Romanticisms."
9346:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
8435:
8433:
8431:
7892:
7603:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007),
7363:
6779:
6424:A history of the Western educational experience
4900:, compiled from Finnish tales and folklore, or
3927:, with extra emotionalism and special effects.
1231:. The later German Romanticism of, for example
823:
678:to encounter the natural world by themselves.
70:considering whether its inclusion is warranted.
9951:Kravitt, Edward F. 1992. "Romanticism Today".
9922:. Paperback reprint, New York: Vintage Books.
9406:. 1998. "Topologies of Culture", chapter 6 of
9325:
8759:
8690:
8537:, p.xiv; Cunningham, A., and Jardine, N., ed.
8212:
7895:Obras Completas de Almeida Garrett â 2 Volumes
5429:The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons
4332:. From Adler's viewpoint, found in books like
3198:in London, built in a Gothic revival style by
3096:were competing with Romanticism in the novel.
2777:Leonor de Almeida Portugal, Marquise of Alorna
2225:, fantasy and imagination, personality cults,
1927:Romanticism was relatively late in developing
17692:
17678:
16764:
15788:
12690:
12666:
10239:
9996:(2 vol 2004); 850 articles by experts; 1600pp
8592:
8550:
8007:Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies: AâJ
7919:"Artigo de apoio InfopĂ©dia â Almeida Garrett"
6979:
6977:
6821:The Cambridge Companion to German Romanticism
4187:soloists, epitomized in the concert tours of
3217:between 1783 and 1785 by the royal architect
938:opera. This movement was led by France, with
16513:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
9155:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
9005:. Paperback reprint, London: Pimlico, 2004.
8997:. Paperback reprint, London: Vintage, 1994.
8989:. Paperback reprint, London: Cardinal, 1989
8626:
8428:
7948:Saraiva, António José; Lopes, Oscar (1996).
7947:
6925:
6872:
6870:
6673:
5021:. Adam Mickiewicz wrote the patriotic drama
4312:of music history, and a distinction between
3016:" (1819), followed from 1823 onwards by the
2843:(1815â1885), devoting much of his career to
907:, while writers of the 19th Century such as
719:", tales of adventure, devotion and honour.
711:(or popular) language in contrast to formal
333:" and the act of "romanticizing" something.
9994:Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760â1850
9888:The Oxford Handbook of European Romanticism
9326:Poisson, Georges; Poisson, Olivier (2014).
9293:Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1780â1880
9180:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.
8632:
8621:The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Science
7671:Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760â1850
7449:The Gaelic Sources of Macpherson's "Ossian"
6824:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1â.
6788:
6298:The Oxford Handbook of European Romanticism
4391:New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
4374:, the chief editor of the first edition of
3698:(1770), oil on canvas, 38 in. x 49 1/2in.,
3569:(1798â1863) made his first Salon hits with
2211:"Three National Bards" of Polish literature
1385:, followed later by the isolated figure of
1159:(where Fichte lived, as well as Schelling,
223:an idealization of the past as a nobler era
17685:
17671:
16778:
16771:
16757:
15795:
15781:
12697:
12683:
10246:
10232:
9359:
8200:
7684:"Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799â1837)"
6974:
6930:. NY: Harcourt Brace & Co./Wadsworth.
6682:
6476:The Cambridge History of Political Thought
5902:
4011:To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe
3030:", similar to the philosophical theory of
2611:. Almeida Garrett had participated in the
1823:" served for a long time as an unofficial
1259:), 1819, was darker in its motifs and has
9717:Dahlhaus, Carl. 1979. "Neo-Romanticism".
9547:Learn how and when to remove this message
8788:The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales
8619:Philip Clayton and Zachary Simpson, eds.
8335:. Bologna: Zanichelli. 2002. p. 544.
6867:
5043:elements found in the drama. In his book
4786:Episode of the Belgian Revolution of 1830
4735:1851 in Londonâwhere Anderssen made bold
3528:receiving the Ghosts of the French Heroes
3475:receiving the Ghosts of the French Heroes
3209:, the small rustic hamlet created at the
3178:In Britain, notable examples include the
9635:
9634:. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007.
8906:, ed. Henry Hardy. London: John Murray.
8345:Noon, throughout, especially pp. 124â155
8022:
7787:
7517:FOF Companion to the British Short Story
7475:Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance
7346:, Oxford University Press (2000), p. 69.
6811:
6734:
6517:
6320:
6295:
5304:, one of Constable's large "six footers"
5072:Emerging Romanticism in the 18th century
4952:
4791:
4776:
4552:
4285:
4202:
4146:
3873:
3851:
3618:
3549:, a heroic military figure derived from
3462:
3394:
3157:. It sometimes moved into the domain of
2977:
2939:
2860:
2786:
2551:
2466:. After him there were other poets like
2422:
2293:(1845), he asserted that Poland was the
2201:
2131:
1968:
1865:
1730:
1519:, which had reached Ottoman Europe, and
1437:
1332:
1117:
976:
868:
686:in painting, fashion, and music, to the
638:
598:
127:
103:
86:
10042:. New York: Oxford University Press.
9967:An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age
9805:English Romanticism: The Human Context.
9675:The Concise Encyclopedia of Romanticism
9072:. 1994. "Interpreting Serials", in his
8753:
8718:
8313:, Antique Collectors Club, London, 1995
8039:La nuova enciclopedia della letteratura
7943:
7941:
7939:
7893:Almeida Garrett, JoĂŁo Baptista (1990).
7834:El primer romantico 'europeo' de España
7658:Values in the Polish cultural tradition
7540:(Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, 2009),
7538:A Concise Companion to the Romantic Age
7125:No. 159 (May 1998:77â112) p. 79 note 7.
6655:From the Preface to the 2nd edition of
6583:
6380:Casey, Christopher (October 30, 2008).
4766:
3543:(1791â1824) had his first success with
2949:Decatur Boarding the Tripolitan Gunboat
593:
372:and understanding. Published in 1774, "
14:
18900:
15378:Contemporary Indigenous Australian art
9735:, "On Music and Words", translated by
9360:Saule, BĂ©atrix; Meyer, Daniel (2014).
9148:Norton Anthology of English Literature
9118:Romanticism: A Very Short Introduction
9038:another excerpt-and-text-search source
8963:Boyer, Jean-Paul. 1961. "Romantisme".
8665:
8027:. London: Blackwell. pp. 238â255.
7830:
7464:, vol. 29 (2), Spring 2005, pp. 25â46.
6985:Norton Anthology of English Literature
6926:Mellor, Anne; Matlak, Richard (1996).
6608:
6588:. Yale University Press. p. 214.
6454:
5139:, 1801, a key location of the English
4751:his opponent with his three remaining
4600:Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling
3221:with the help of the romantic painter
2647:verse form, that contained stories of
2209:, a Polish poet considered one of the
923:. Another early definition comes from
244:, which to them represented an era of
17666:
17569:Violence § Philosophical perspectives
16752:
15776:
13398:Art of the late 16th century in Milan
12678:
12665:
12593:Romanticism and the French Revolution
10227:
9840:, second, revised edition, edited by
9690:The Self-Portraits of Francisco Goya.
8936:Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart
8924:. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.
8724:
8637:The Immortal Game: A History of Chess
8557:. Orient Blackswan. pp. 128â68.
8520:Cunningham, A., and Jardine, N., ed.
8311:The Dictionary of Sculptors in Bronze
8051:
8041:. Milan: Garzanti. 1985. p. 829.
7986:InfopĂ©dia â DicionĂĄrios Porto Editora
7923:InfopĂ©dia â DicionĂĄrios Porto Editora
7229:
7198:
6691:
6586:Nature Shock: Getting Lost in America
6379:
6258:Marxist-Leninist views on Romanticism
4377:Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart
4244:prevails", while Mozart (in the late
4215:term to music occurs in 1789, in the
3289:for his elongated domes (1875â1914).
2708:, Walter Scott and the Old Testament
1220:) met regularly in literary circles.
715:. Most such novels took the form of "
634:Lectures on Dramatic Arts and Letters
474:, and the prevailing ideology of the
425:and preoccupations of the Romantics.
326:that has endured to the present day.
9755:. Munich: Musikverlag Katzber, 1974.
9699:. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019.
9590:. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
9503:
9438:Warrack, John. 2002. "Romanticism".
8764:. Fordham University. Archived from
7936:
7857:
7451:(Aberdeen: Oliver & Boyd, 1952).
7236:. Oxford University Press. pp.
7205:(1st ed.). Routledge. pp.
6953:The Lied: Mirror of Late Romanticism
6817:
6373:
6211:
6061:
4022:) promote the literary idea of the "
3670:. Préault's plaster relief entitled
3468:Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson
3273:, the Paris opera house designed by
3186:, a romantic version of traditional
1132:An early German influence came from
36:
9807:New York and London: W. W. Norton.
9793:Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave.
9760:Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music
9677:. Secaucus, N.J.: Chartwell Books.
9565:. London: Oxford University Press.
9433:Gesammelte Schriften und Dichtungen
9210:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.
8945:. Peterborough: Broadview Press.
7233:The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales
6112:
5563:
4606:and others, and without abandoning
4548:
4199:Evolution of the term in musicology
3418:, even if they had to make do with
3082:ânearly unread in her own timeâand
2756:, BulhĂŁo Pato and Pinheiro Chagas.
2311:A Vision on the Shores of the Lethe
1966:("Memoirs from beyond the grave").
542:Romantics stressed the nobility of
24:
14733:Vienna School of Fantastic Realism
13584:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
10197:Dictionary of the History of Ideas
10193:"Romanticism in Political Thought"
10188:Dictionary of the History of Ideas
9625:The Romantic Revolution: A History
9499:
9344:Samson, Jim. 2001. "Romanticism".
8967:, edited by François Michel, with
8868:. Leipzig: Breitkopf & HĂ€rtel.
8861:. Leipzig: Breitkopf & HĂ€rtel.
8700:. Hodder & Stoughton. p.
8072:from the original on 19 March 2022
7496:The Origins of Scottish Nationhood
6789:Schellinger, Paul (8 April 2014).
5556:The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak
5059:philosophy on the book as well as
4739:to secure victory, giving up both
4667:liberal conception of Christianity
4643:produce its own version of history
4057:(1842), one of the four scenes in
4019:The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak
3913:. Other works such as Delacroix's
3861:Crusaders Thirsting near Jerusalem
903:see in it the inaugural moment of
852:not only to nationalism, but also
25:
18989:
18876:Western European and Others Group
14807:American Figurative Expressionism
13143:International Gothic art in Italy
10154:
10102:The Cambridge Companion to Wagner
9836:Geck, Martin. 1998. "Realismus".
9798:Companion to European Romanticism
9171:MĂ©moires, ou Essai sur la musique
9145:, and Deidre Shauna Lynch. 2006.
8380:
8052:Marci, Giuseppe (December 2013).
8025:Companion to European Romanticism
7950:HistĂłria da literatura portuguesa
7629:Christiansen, 239â46, 240 quoted.
7428:The Reception of Ossian in Europe
6386:Foundations. Volume III, Number 1
6088:
5326:, by Friedrich's closest follower
4995:Poland was the Messiah of Nations
4949:Polish nationalism and messianism
4617:
4397:Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart
2568:with the publication of the poem
2460:Romanticism in Spanish literature
2419:Romanticism in Spanish literature
1819:(the last day of the year), and "
655:Songs of Innocence and Experience
16731:
15757:
15756:
14316:Neue KĂŒnstlervereinigung MĂŒnchen
13782:
12646:
12645:
12165:
10024:. University of Michigan Press.
9874:Thought: A Philosophical History
9508:
9398:The Franklin's Prologue and Tale
9364:. Versailles: Ăditions Art-Lys.
9306:Ruthven, Kenneth Knowles. 2001.
9267:, March 2007, pp. 18â50(33)
8824:
8800:
8780:
8684:
8659:
8613:
8586:
8571:
8544:
8527:
8514:
8505:
8496:
8487:
8478:
8469:
8460:
8451:
8442:
8419:
8410:
8401:
8374:
8365:
8362:, 1957, Arkady Publishers, p. 6.
8348:
8339:
8333:Dizionario di arte e letteratura
8325:
8316:
8303:
8294:
8285:
8276:
8258:
8245:
8236:
8227:
8218:
7710:"El escritor José de Espronceda"
7409:(London: Harper Collins, 2003),
7388:(London: Harper Collins, 2003),
7273:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2005)241pp.
6791:"Novel and Romance: Etymologies"
6066:
5543:
5519:
5494:
5466:
5440:
5416:
5390:
5362:
5331:
5309:
5288:
5270:
5251:
5225:
5206:
5181:
5154:
5123:
5097:
5078:
4997:, predestined to suffer just as
4533:
4512:
4490:
4471:
4450:
4435:
4420:
4405:
4109:
4087:
4067:
4041:
3790:
3769:
3748:
3727:
3706:
3687:
3371:
3351:
3336:
3313:
3294:
2963:
2850:
2803:wrote an article in the journal
1711:, restored the tragic ending to
1322:
1110:to the English literary public.
41:
15238:Tunisian collaborative painting
14711:International Typographic Style
10577:
10253:
9597:. University of Chicago Press.
9356:. London: Macmillan Publishers.
9188:Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung
9184:Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Amadeus
8149:
8136:
8113:
8084:
8045:
8031:
8016:
7999:
7974:
7911:
7886:
7851:
7824:
7781:
7756:
7743:
7730:
7702:
7676:
7663:
7650:
7641:
7632:
7623:
7614:
7572:
7551:
7530:
7509:
7488:
7467:
7454:
7441:
7420:
7399:
7378:
7370:. New York: Routledge. p.
7349:
7328:
7319:
7310:
7301:
7292:
7283:
7254:
7223:
7192:
7149:
7128:
7112:
7074:
7056:
7047:
7038:
7029:
7008:
6999:
6990:
6944:
6919:
6910:
6897:
6888:
6879:
6847:
6838:
6770:
6761:
6728:
6701:
6664:
6649:
6640:
6617:
6602:
6577:
6518:Guliyeva, Gunesh (2022-12-15).
5239:, 1857, after the poem by Byron
3515:on the academies, but from the
3126:
2823:. Better known authors such as
1424:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
1247:Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff
1217:Aus dem Leben eines Taugenichts
1212:Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff
1022:. Romanticism tended to regard
690:movement in modern filmmaking.
403:widespread revolution in Europe
15802:
14991:The Caribbean Artists Movement
10127:. London. Palgrave Macmillan.
9774:. Original German edition, as
9751:. Original German edition, as
9706:. Cambridge University Press.
9588:Romanticism and the Modern Ego
9153:The Romantic Period â Volume D
8762:"Address to the German Nation"
8727:The American Historical Review
8533:Bossi, M., and Poggi, S., ed.
8387:. London: Verso. p. 304.
8005:Gaetana Marrone, Paolo Puppa,
7138:(in French). Fr.wikisource.org
6818:Saul, Nicholas (9 July 2009).
6448:
6432:
6416:
6403:
6339:
6314:
6289:
5194:The Death of Leonardo da Vinci
4825:underlying Germanic or Celtic
4805:Norwegian romantic nationalism
4340:and various late-19th-century
3985:found in the paintings of the
3390:
3262:, and the unfinished medieval
3004:made an early appearance with
2974:Romantic literature in English
2837:Ricciarda o i Nurra e i Cabras
2773:Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage
2429:El escritor José de Espronceda
2138:Adam Mickiewicz on the Ayu-Dag
2062:(1835) perhaps his best work.
1939:François-René de Chateaubriand
1486:in 1805, followed by the full
1329:Romantic literature in English
1094:revival of Gothic architecture
1010:, based their writings on the
990:1856, by suicide at 17 in 1770
58:The information may have been
13:
1:
13347:Dutch and Flemish Renaissance
12616:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
9978:Mason, Daniel Gregory. 1936.
9960:Music in Western Civilization
9612:. London: Chatto and Windus.
9595:Classic, Romantic, and Modern
9531:and help improve the section.
9453:Waterhouse, Francis A. 1926.
9440:The Oxford Companion to Music
7620:Christiansen, 202â03, 241â42.
7519:(Infobase Publishing, 2007),
6478:. Cambridge, United Kingdom:
6278:
6248:Vegetarianism and Romanticism
5342:
5218:Collision of Moorish Horsemen
5171:
4993:, who developed an idea that
4863:was argued by, among others,
4861:the struggle against Napoleon
4782:Egide Charles Gustave Wappers
4604:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
4523:
4461:
4359:The Oxford Companion to Music
4256:and later by writers such as
4152:Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
3888:
3285:, who drew upon the model of
2716:AntĂłnio Feliciano de Castilho
2441:
1451:
1405:. The publication in 1798 of
966:
97:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
16643:Aestheticization of politics
15462:Modern European ink painting
14834:Bay Area Figurative Movement
10040:The Emergence of Romanticism
9989:, (Oxford University Press).
9965:McCalman, Iain (ed.). 2009.
9936:. New York: Harper and Row.
9914:. New York: Pantheon Books.
9721:3, no. 2 (November): 97â105.
9429:Richard Wagner's Prose Works
9348:, second edition, edited by
9330:(in French). Paris: Picard.
9167:Grétry, André-Ernest-Modeste
9075:The Limits of Interpretation
9018:Romanticism and the Sciences
8873:Handbuch der Musikgeschichte
8666:Swaner, Billy (2021-01-08).
8539:Romanticism and the Sciences
8522:Romanticism and the Sciences
8119:"Romanticism, American", in
7837:. Madrid: Editorial Gredos.
7582:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010),
7561:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2010),
7477:(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008),
6996:Johnson, 147, inc. quotation
6928:British Literature 1780â1830
6637:. Berlin: Logos Verlag. 2014
6283:
5891:Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder
5131:Philip James de Loutherbourg
5092:; the 18th-century "sublime"
2726:("Night in the Castle") and
2352:The Prisoner of the Caucasus
2267:Messianic movement in Poland
1483:The Lay of the Last Minstrel
1139:The Sorrows of Young Werther
1122:Title page of Volume III of
824:Context and place in history
693:
374:The Sorrows of Young Werther
32:Romanticism (disambiguation)
7:
17494:Interpellation (philosophy)
17297:Non-representational theory
15123:Artificial intelligence art
10070:Rummenhöller, Peter. 1989.
9955:76, no. 1 (Spring): 93â109.
9692:Cambridge University Press.
8866:Methode der Musikgeschichte
8641:. Knopf Doubleday. p.
8242:Honour, 184â190, 187 quoted
6609:Barnes, Barbara A. (2006).
6083:Sentimentalism (literature)
6056:
5851:August Wilhelm von Schlegel
5113:Smith College Museum of Art
4834:Johann Gottfried von Herder
4727:", played by Anderssen and
4652:
4573:
4320:, who viewed Beethoven and
3700:Yale Center for British Art
3496:in England, and in Germany
3239:The Hunchback of Notre Dame
3165:Gothic Revival architecture
3133:Gothic Revival architecture
3010:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
2935:Pedro LuĂs Pereira de Sousa
2857:Brazilian Romantic painting
2700:("Eurico, the Priest") and
2663:, etc. He wrote the novels
2547:
2289:), as well as in the later
2041:The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
1783:Johann Gottfried von Herder
1720:
1281:("The Boy's Magic Horn" or
341:
336:
229:, and a celebration of the
10:
18994:
17449:Existence precedes essence
15036:Post-painterly abstraction
14859:Situationist International
14233:Pennsylvania Impressionism
12533:Coleridge's theory of life
10161:Romantics & Victorians
9778:. Munich: R. Piper, 1982.
9385:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
9362:Versailles Visitor's Guide
9241:Macfarlane, Robert. 2007.
9178:A History of Western Music
8965:Encyclopédie de la musique
8932:Classic and Romantic Music
8847:
8577:in his published lectures
8224:Novotny, 96â101, 99 quoted
8213:Poisson & Poisson 2014
8189:Histoire de l'Architecture
8173:Histoire de l'Architecture
8157:Histoire de l'Architecture
6797:. Routledge. p. 942.
6428:Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
6238:Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
6119:Coleridge's theory of life
5696:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
5532:Twilight in the Wilderness
5456:National Gallery of Norway
5434:Philadelphia Museum of Art
5117:Northampton, Massachusetts
5066:
4929:undertaken by the Russian
4770:
4684:
4657:To insulate theology from
4577:
4143:List of Romantic composers
4132:
3782:Liberty Leading the People
3590:Liberty Leading the People
3130:
2967:
2854:
2528:, the main figures of the
2416:
2343:The Sensitive and the Cold
2148:
1920:
1787:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1724:
1515:in 1813, drawing from his
1506:Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
1464:Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
1326:
1182:). Important writers were
1134:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
1113:
970:
457:
378:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
189:Romanticists rejected the
29:
18646:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
18626:
18544:
18381:
18216:
18087:Standard Average European
17955:
17784:
17704:
17642:
17584:Hermeneutics of suspicion
17347:
17222:
16786:
16711:
16635:
16484:
16257:
15964:
15876:
15810:
15752:
15556:
15321:
15131:
14911:
14703:
14687:
14619:California Scene Painting
14498:California Scene Painting
14454:Figurative Constructivism
14366:
14171:
13950:
13939:
13769:
13706:
13599:
13515:
13505:Poussinists and Rubenists
13406:
13210:
12943:
12743:
12734:
12721:
12672:
12667:Links to related articles
12625:
12588:Romanticism and economics
12525:
12417:
12164:
11986:
11931:
11900:
11824:
11773:
11722:
11681:
11590:
11534:
11498:
11452:
11443:
11288:
11232:
11181:
11140:
11099:
11053:
10995:
10865:
10744:
10666:
10603:Manuel AntĂŽnio de Almeida
10585:
10576:
10462:
10330:
10261:
9992:Murray, Christopher, ed.
9656:Chopin and Romantic Music
9654:Cavalletti, Carlo. 2000.
9636:Breckman, Warren (2008).
9580:. New York: W. W. Norton.
9435:(Leipzig, 1871â73, 1883).
9278:, 1957, Arkady Publishers
9225:and Adams, Brooks (1993)
9176:Grout, Donald Jay. 1960.
9111:Music in the Romantic Era
8956:Bowra, C. Maurice. 1949.
8922:George Gordon, Lord Byron
7897:. Porto: Lello Editores.
6907:article, quoted by Day, 1
6795:Encyclopedia of the Novel
6735:Breckman, Warren (2008).
6488:10.1017/CHOL9780521430562
6346:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica.
5571:Manuel AntĂŽnio de Almeida
4935:Peter Christen AsbjĂžrnsen
4336:(1911), composers of the
3896:National Museum in Warsaw
3721:Detroit Institute of Arts
3593:(1830) remains, with the
3492:and the other members of
3139:neoclassical architecture
2300:
2127:
2121:The Charterhouse of Parma
2025:The Count of Monte Cristo
1916:
1629:Greek War of Independence
1531:, beginning in 1814 with
1389:; also such novelists as
840:, a reaction against the
776:
441:were written in the lush
433:efforts. The majority of
285:traditional tonal harmony
275:forms that culminated in
258:environmental degradation
18933:19th century in the arts
18918:18th century in the arts
18786:Lancaster House Treaties
18276:Christian existentialism
18236:Ancient Roman philosophy
18226:Ancient Greek philosophy
17564:Transvaluation of values
17370:Apollonian and Dionysian
15717:Prehistoric European art
15366:Contemporary African art
14849:Gendai Bijutsu Kondankai
14777:GeneraciĂłn de la Ruptura
14404:Universal Constructivism
14196:California Impressionism
14151:American Barbizon school
10368:German historical school
10121:Turley, Richard Marggraf
10020:Reynolds, Nicole. 2010.
9958:Lang, Paul Henry. 1941.
9823:Why the Romantics Matter
9673:Chaudon, Francis. 1980.
9640:. Bedford/St. Martin's.
9610:The Roots of Romanticism
9479:, Librio, Paris, (2008)
9113:. New York: W.W. Norton.
8958:The Romantic Imagination
8938:. New York: W.W. Norton.
8502:Blume 1970; Samson 2001.
8448:Hoffmann 1810, col. 632.
8381:Lefebvre, Henri (1995).
7988:(in European Portuguese)
7925:(in European Portuguese)
7831:Sebold, Russell (1974).
7356:Coleridge, Samuel Taylor
6584:Coleman, Jon T. (2020).
6223:Arts and Crafts movement
5990:Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe
5811:Petar II PetroviÄ-NjegoĆĄ
5761:Joaquim Manuel de Macedo
5148:French Romantic painting
4680:
4671:Friedrich Schleiermacher
4562:The Forging of the Sampo
4368:History of Western Music
4271:denigrated the music of
4128:
3823:Richard Parkes Bonington
3696:A Lion Attacking a Horse
3628:Antoine-Augustin Préault
3258:, the fortified city of
3041:The Last of the Mohicans
2901:, renowned by the poem "
2782:
2601:, as he did the same to
2498:Antonio GarcĂa GutiĂ©rrez
2412:
1566:by Shelley's wife-to-be
1501:Romanticism and Scotland
882:, 1888, after a poem by
738:("Dialogue on Poetry"):
736:GesprĂ€ch ĂŒber die Poesie
18938:19th-century literature
18923:18th-century literature
18564:Equality before the law
17771:Romano-Germanic culture
16663:Evolutionary aesthetics
16613:The Aesthetic Dimension
15544:Walking Artists Network
14881:Letterist International
14721:Washington Color School
13635:Arts in the Philippines
11015:JĂłzef Ignacy Kraszewski
10057:The Romantic Generation
10036:Riasanovsky, Nicholas V
9974:(subscription required)
9971:Oxford Reference Online
9962:. New York: W.W. Norton
9906:. London: HarperPress.
9695:Clewis, Robert R., ed.
9593:Barzun, Jacques. 1961.
9576:Abrams, Meyer H. 1973.
9563:The Mirror and the Lamp
9561:Abrams, Meyer H. 1971.
9116:Ferber, Michael. 2010.
8981:. London: Bodley Head.
8760:Fichte, Johann (1806).
8253:From David to Delacroix
7669:Christopher J. Murray,
7462:Eighteenth-Century Life
7024:Repeal of the corn laws
6296:Hamilton, Paul (2016).
5903:Scholars of Romanticism
5756:JĂłzef Ignacy Kraszewski
5646:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
5537:Cleveland Museum of Art
5375:The Last Day of Pompeii
4743:and a bishop, then his
4586:Romanticism and science
4394:and the new edition of
4352:to extend the musical "
3831:Fleury-François Richard
3358:Grand Staircase of the
3202:between 1840 and 1876.
3173:Karl Friedrich Schinkel
2839:), was the Piedmontese
2722:, publishing the poems
2613:1820 Liberal Revolution
2269:: in two early dramas,
1842:The Heart of Midlothian
1727:Romanticism in Scotland
1673:appeared, most notably
1367:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1345:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1297:Hans Christian Andersen
987:The Death of Chatterton
874:John William Waterhouse
724:August Wilhelm Schlegel
630:August Wilhelm Schlegel
621:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
578:, brought about by the
439:Golden Age of Hollywood
360:alone, suggesting that
209:is more than merely an
121:subject from a play by
18978:Theories of aesthetics
18726:Eastern European Group
18315:Continental philosophy
18246:Judeo-Christian ethics
18231:Hellenistic philosophy
17712:Cradle of civilization
17634:Philosophy of language
17599:Linguistic determinism
17509:Masterâslave dialectic
17484:Historical materialism
16780:Continental philosophy
16593:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
16543:Lectures on Aesthetics
15655:Illuminated manuscript
15303:The Designers Republic
15253:Neue Slowenische Kunst
15176:Pattern and Decoration
15076:Institutional critique
14716:Abstract expressionism
13696:Latin American Baroque
13652:Colonial Asian Baroque
12598:Romanticism in science
12553:Middle Ages in history
12548:List of Romantic poets
11260:Josiah Gilbert Holland
10081:. Palgrave Macmillan.
10077:Ruston, Sharon. 2013.
9982:. New York: Macmillan.
9980:The Romantic Composers
9803:Gaull, Marilyn. 1988.
9789:Fay, Elizabeth. 2002.
9758:Dahlhaus, Carl. 1985.
9737:Walter Arnold Kaufmann
9702:Cox, Jeffrey N. 2004.
9608:Berlin, Isaiah. 1999.
9456:Romantic 'Originality'
9244:'Romantic' Originality
8884:From Dawn to Decadence
8593:Ceri Crossley (2002).
8551:E. Sreedharan (2004).
8201:Saule & Meyer 2014
7860:Modern Language Review
7790:Modern Language Review
7342:, "Introduction" from
7307:Christiansen, 197â200.
6321:Blechman, Max (1999).
6195:List of Romantic poets
6141:Middle Ages in history
5856:Friedrich von Schlegel
5731:Josiah Gilbert Holland
5666:Joseph von Eichendorff
5641:Alexander Chavchavadze
5596:Gustavo Adolfo BĂ©cquer
5384:St. Petersburg, Russia
5136:Coalbrookdale by Night
5045:Mickiewicz hermetyczny
4969:
4890:by such people as the
4884:
4865:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
4808:
4789:
4757:1873 Vienna Tournament
4596:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
4580:Romanticism in science
4570:
4297:
4211:
4162:
3903:The Raft of the Medusa
3898:
3871:
3761:The Raft of the Medusa
3635:
3560:The Raft of the Medusa
3481:
3424:Caspar David Friedrich
3407:
3379:Basilica of SacrĂ©-CĆur
3287:Byzantine architecture
3279:Basilica of SacrĂ©-CĆur
3264:ChĂąteau de Pierrefonds
2993:
2960:
2866:
2819:, Pietro Borsieri and
2796:
2761:Portuguese Renaissance
2665:Viagens na Minha Terra
2629:Um Auto de Gil Vicente
2561:
2468:Gustavo Adolfo BĂ©cquer
2456:
2438:Antonio MarĂa Esquivel
2214:
2146:
2116:La Chartreuse de Parme
1994:, with productions of
1983:
1963:MĂ©moires d'Outre-Tombe
1954:GĂ©nie du christianisme
1887:(founded in 1802) and
1878:
1743:
1468:
1354:
1149:Johann Gottlieb Fichte
1129:
991:
886:
867:
659:
609:Caspar David Friedrich
566:, Romanticism revived
401:, the transition from
389:Realism and Naturalism
368:are key components of
166:, and appreciation of
140:
125:
101:
92:Caspar David Friedrich
18846:Three Seas Initiative
18821:Pacific Islands Forum
18686:BritishâIrish Council
18434:Greek Orthodox Church
17893:Industrial Revolution
17863:Scientific Revolution
17514:Masterâslave morality
17322:Psychoanalytic theory
16738:Philosophy portal
15293:Artist-run initiative
15268:Young British Artists
15233:New European Painting
15169:Moscow Conceptualists
15091:Feminist art movement
14869:Ukrainian underground
14844:Gutai Art Association
14243:Ten American Painters
13747:Western influence in
12724:List of art movements
12568:Romantic epistemology
12558:Opium and Romanticism
11127:StojadinoviÄ-Srpkinja
10353:Counter-Enlightenment
9953:The Musical Quarterly
9395:section to Chaucer's
9379:Smith, Logan Pearsall
9328:EugĂšne Viollet-le-Duc
9274:, Piotr MichaĆowski,
8859:Der Stil in der Musik
8672:Chess Game Strategies
8416:Christiansen, 176â78.
8358:, Piotr MichaĆowski,
8251:Walter Friedlaender,
8146:" and its commentary.
8144:Another Weeping Woman
8110:(6th ed. 1997) p. 613
7673:(2004) vol. 2. p. 742
7638:Christiansen, 244â46.
7498:(Pluto Press, 2008),
7325:Christiansen, 188â89.
7316:Christiansen, 213â20.
7298:Christiansen, 192â96.
6464:Stedman Jones, Gareth
6455:Morrow, John (2011).
6175:Romantic epistemology
6158:Opium and Romanticism
5995:Arthur Oncken Lovejoy
5836:Ion Heliade RÄdulescu
5527:Frederic Edwin Church
5263:Waterfalls at Subiaco
5167:The Charging Chasseur
5141:Industrial Revolution
4956:
4941:, and the Englishman
4879:
4827:linguistic substrates
4795:
4780:
4558:Akseli Gallen-Kallela
4556:
4334:Der Stil in der Musik
4328:, Hector Berlioz and
4289:
4246:E-flat major Symphony
4225:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4206:
4150:
3999:Frederic Edwin Church
3972:Gian Battista Tiepolo
3916:Death of Sardanapalus
3877:
3855:
3740:The Third of May 1808
3622:
3584:Death of Sardanapalus
3578:The Massacre at Chios
3546:The Charging Chasseur
3466:
3398:
3252:EugĂšne Viollet-le-Duc
3194:(1815â1823), and the
3024:James Fenimore Cooper
3019:Leatherstocking Tales
2981:
2943:
2864:
2790:
2746:Camilo Castelo Branco
2580:, in the precepts of
2564:Romanticism began in
2555:
2472:Mariano José de Larra
2426:
2307:Konstantin Batyushkov
2205:
2156:Romanticism in Poland
2151:Romanticism in Poland
2135:
2111:The Red and the Black
2087:Alphonse de Lamartine
1972:
1923:Romanticism in France
1869:
1734:
1581:John William Polidori
1441:
1336:
1278:Des Knaben Wunderhorn
1273:children's literature
1174:) a centre for early
1125:Des Knaben Wunderhorn
1121:
1089:The Castle of Otranto
980:
872:
862:
838:Counter-Enlightenment
649:The Little Girl Found
642:
599:Basic characteristics
580:Industrial Revolution
472:Industrial Revolution
395:'s publishing of the
348:Counter-Enlightenment
184:Industrial Revolution
131:
114:Death of Sardanapalus
107:
90:
18841:Special Relationship
18251:Christian philosophy
18196:Western Christianity
17858:Age of Enlightenment
17732:Hellenistic Kingdoms
16683:Philosophy of design
16563:In Praise of Shadows
16553:The Critic as Artist
15103:Saqqakhaneh movement
14996:Chicano art movement
14864:Soviet Nonconformist
14670:Boston Expressionism
14653:Abstraction-Création
14471:Arbeitsrat fĂŒr Kunst
14464:Cologne Progressives
14184:Art Nouveau in Milan
13987:Anglo-Japanese style
13963:National romanticism
13393:Fontainebleau School
13303:Northern Renaissance
13138:International Gothic
12632:Age of Enlightenment
10274:England (literature)
10145:Wulf, Andrea. 2022.
10092:Schenk, H. G. 1966.
9932:Honour, Hugh. 1979.
9893:Hesmyr, Atle. 2018.
9886:Hamilton, Paul, ed.
9281:Noon, Patrick (ed),
9132:Friedlaender, Walter
8975:Christiansen, Rupert
8871:Adler, Guido. 1930.
8864:Adler, Guido. 1919.
8697:Teach Yourself Chess
8633:David Shenk (2007).
8322:Novotny, 397, 379â84
8094:(1996) vol. 2 p. 367
8011:Taylor & Francis
7718:(in Spanish). Madrid
7230:Zipes, Jack (2000).
7199:Zipes, Jack (1988).
6480:Cambridge University
6253:Victorian literature
5871:Percy Bysshe Shelley
5786:Cyprian Kamil Norwid
5591:Nikoloz Baratashvili
5406:State Russian Museum
5380:State Russian Museum
5019:Western civilization
5003:Christ among nations
4987:Romantic nationalism
4773:Romantic nationalism
4767:Romantic nationalism
4208:Ludwig van Beethoven
4121:The Poem of the Soul
3532:ChĂąteau de Malmaison
3502:Johan Christian Dahl
3479:ChĂąteau de Malmaison
3306:Palace of Versailles
3211:Palace of Versailles
3196:Houses of Parliament
2988:The Course of Empire
2945:Dennis Malone Carter
2875:Juan Manuel de Rosas
2845:Sardinian literature
2765:Teixeira de Pascoais
2698:Eurico, o PresbĂtero
2494:Manuel José Quintana
2403:Wilhelm KĂŒchelbecker
2019:The Three Musketeers
2013:Henri III et sa cour
1929:in French literature
1890:Blackwood's Magazine
1884:The Edinburgh Review
1539:1745 Jacobite rising
1397:, and the essayists
1379:Percy Bysshe Shelley
1307:, published in 1835
842:Age of Enlightenment
830:intellectual history
730:, began to speak of
707:, which referred to
594:Defining Romanticism
584:Percy Bysshe Shelley
476:Age of Enlightenment
300:Western civilization
254:economic materialism
180:Age of Enlightenment
30:For other uses, see
18953:European literature
18928:19th century in art
18913:18th century in art
18866:West Nordic Council
18731:Eastern Partnership
18320:Analytic philosophy
18021:Classical tradition
17843:Early modern period
17799:Classical antiquity
17794:European Bronze Age
17334:Speculative realism
16693:Philosophy of music
16668:Mathematical beauty
15638:Hierarchy of genres
15203:Saint Soleil School
15139:Post-conceptual art
15108:The Stars Art Group
14986:Black Arts Movement
14949:Neo-Dada Organizers
14750:Lyrical abstraction
14483:Australian tonalism
14156:California Tonalism
13828:Hudson River School
13631:Colonial Asian art
13371:English Renaissance
13320:GhentâBruges school
13308:Early Netherlandish
13220:Italian Renaissance
13133:Gothic art in Milan
12583:Romantic psychology
10378:Hudson River School
10322:Sweden (literature)
10307:Russia (literature)
10179:The Great Romantics
9733:Friedrich Nietzsche
9054:, 1996, Routledge,
8457:Boyer 1961, 585â86.
7578:A. Benchimol, ed.,
7557:A. Benchimol, ed.,
7430:(Continuum, 2004),
7407:Crowded with Genius
7386:Crowded with Genius
7362:, 27 April 1823 in
7066:The Sleep of Reason
6983:Greenblatt et al.,
6950:Edward F. Kravitt,
6445:2005 149(3): 304â15
6263:Underground culture
6206:Romantic psychology
6078:Humboldtian science
5930:Frederick C. Beiser
5881:Henry David Thoreau
5721:Nathaniel Hawthorne
5671:Ralph Waldo Emerson
5506:The Destruction of
5237:The Bride of Abydos
5197:, 1818, one of his
4931:Alexander Afanasyev
4803:, 1847. Example of
4635:Frederick the Great
4139:Musical nationalism
3987:Hudson River School
3827:Pierre-Henri RĂ©voil
3713:John Henry Fuseli,
3572:The Barque of Dante
3437:hierarchy of genres
3416:Gothic architecture
3256:Notre Dame de Paris
3188:Indian architecture
3147:Gothic architecture
3068:Ralph Waldo Emerson
3064:Henry David Thoreau
3050:Nathaniel Hawthorne
2970:American literature
2831:were influenced by
2805:Biblioteca italiana
2702:Lendas e Narrativas
2678:Alexandre Herculano
2530:national revivalist
2474:and the dramatists
2357:The Robber Brothers
2339:Martha the Mayoress
2277:The Undivine Comedy
2244:(the prophet). The
2217:Their art featured
2106:Le Rouge et le Noir
2102:retreat from Moscow
2089:and the flamboyant
1988:Bourbon Restoration
1815:" is often sung at
1742:'s portrait of 1787
1605:Lucia di Lammermoor
1381:and the much older
1310:Deutsche Mythologie
1288:Grimms' Fairy Tales
1196:Friedrich Hölderlin
1192:Heinrich von Kleist
1153:Friedrich Schelling
1136:, whose 1774 novel
1051:Professor of Poetry
1008:Nathaniel Hawthorne
879:The Lady of Shalott
792:musical Romanticism
705:"Romance languages"
431:nature conservation
312:speculative fiction
217:for nature and the
197:. They argued that
178:in response to the
146:(also known as the
117:, 1827, taking its
18973:Literary movements
18325:Post-structuralism
18288:Christian humanism
17918:Universal suffrage
17454:Existential crisis
17385:Binary oppositions
17312:Post-structuralism
16688:Philosophy of film
16678:Patterns in nature
16648:Applied aesthetics
16623:Why Beauty Matters
16409:Life imitating art
16270:Art for art's sake
15680:Landscape painting
15288:New Leipzig School
15228:Neo-conceptual art
14976:Art & Language
14971:Capitalist realism
14893:Florida Highwaymen
14829:Hard-edge painting
14643:Streamline Moderne
14604:Harlem Renaissance
14447:Novecento Italiano
14275:Deutscher Werkbund
14102:Post-Impressionism
13664:Latin American art
13468:Guild of Romanists
13330:German Renaissance
13325:Northern Mannerism
10568:White Mountain art
10509:Historical fiction
10317:Spain (literature)
10211:Romantic Rebellion
10174:The Romantic Poets
10166:2016-07-01 at the
9719:19th-Century Music
9697:The Sublime Reader
9630:Breckman, Warren,
9469:The Sewanee Review
9461:2016-05-06 at the
9263:2022-12-04 at the
9249:2011-07-21 at the
9234:2022-12-04 at the
9151:, eighth edition,
9136:David to Delacroix
9100:2011-07-21 at the
9080:2022-12-04 at the
9043:2022-12-04 at the
8768:on August 14, 2014
8130:2020-07-28 at the
7736:Philip W. Silver,
7289:Christiansen, 215.
7268:2022-05-23 at the
7167:2022-12-04 at the
6958:2022-12-04 at the
6894:Christiansen, 242.
6885:Christiansen, 241.
6721:2016-03-14 at the
6633:2016-03-13 at the
6531:(in Azerbaijani).
6482:. pp. 39â76.
6422:Gerald Lee Gutek,
6362:on 13 October 2005
6243:Symbolist Movement
5896:William Wordsworth
5796:Alessandro Manzoni
5711:Bernardo GuimarĂŁes
5676:Ălvares de Azevedo
5508:Sodom and Gomorrah
5162:Théodore Géricault
4970:
4961:(1830â31), in the
4822:self-determination
4814:national languages
4809:
4790:
4729:Lionel Kieseritzky
4647:national mysticism
4571:
4314:Viennese Classical
4298:
4212:
4163:
4119:, from his series
4076:The Voyage of Life
4060:The Voyage of Life
4033:The Voyage of Life
3950:painted scenes of
3899:
3872:
3756:Théodore Géricault
3648:Bertel Thorvaldsen
3636:
3541:Théodore Géricault
3498:Philipp Otto Runge
3482:
3420:Wales as a setting
3412:landscape painting
3408:
3302:Hameau de la Reine
3207:Hameau de la Reine
3055:The Scarlet Letter
2994:
2990:: The Savage State
2961:
2911:Ălvares de Azevedo
2871:Esteban EcheverrĂa
2867:
2825:Alessandro Manzoni
2797:
2728:Os CiĂșmes do Bardo
2724:A Noite no Castelo
2718:made the case for
2669:O Arco de Sant'Ana
2637:Frei LuĂs de Sousa
2562:
2464:José de Espronceda
2457:
2391:Yevgeny Baratynsky
2378:A Hero of Our Time
2362:Ruslan and Ludmila
2291:Psalmy przyszĆoĆci
2215:
2188:Polish Romanticism
2147:
1984:
1898:Church of Scotland
1879:
1748:union with England
1744:
1645:Claudia L. Johnson
1579:by Byron's doctor
1469:
1393:from Scotland and
1363:William Wordsworth
1359:English literature
1355:
1338:William Wordsworth
1176:German Romanticism
1130:
1045:) and his brother
1043:Winchester College
992:
946:in literature and
925:Charles Baudelaire
921:German Romanticism
887:
771:Académie française
732:romantische Poesie
728:Friedrich Schlegel
660:
613:William Wordsworth
191:social conventions
141:
133:Philipp Otto Runge
126:
102:
18895:
18894:
18889:
18888:
18716:Council of Europe
18618:International law
18571:Constitutionalism
18429:Eastern Orthodoxy
17935:PostâCold War era
17868:Age of Revolution
17722:Greco-Roman world
17660:
17659:
17594:Linguistic theory
17499:Intersubjectivity
16746:
16745:
16698:Psychology of art
16573:Art as Experience
15770:
15769:
15552:
15551:
15408:Corporate Memphis
15361:Classical Realism
15331:Amazonian pop art
15223:Appropriation art
15191:Neo-expressionism
15061:Environmental art
14966:Nouvelle tendance
14683:
14682:
14631:Socialist realism
14488:Dresden Secession
14107:Neo-Impressionism
14070:Decadent movement
14041:Heidelberg School
13935:
13934:
13833:American luminism
13818:DĂŒsseldorf School
13813:Shoreham Ancients
13803:Nazarene movement
13793:Danish Golden Age
13674:Indochristian art
13352:Antwerp Mannerism
13241:Pittura infamante
13235:Florentine School
13230:Proto-Renaissance
12659:
12658:
12573:Romantic medicine
12543:List of romantics
11982:
11981:
11633:Felix Mendelssohn
11628:Fanny Mendelssohn
11439:
11438:
11153:RosalĂa de Castro
11091:Soares dos Passos
10439:Transcendentalism
10403:Nazarene movement
10363:DĂŒsseldorf School
10133:978-0-7618-1528-0
10087:978-1-137-26428-2
10048:978-0-19-507341-6
10030:978-0-472-11731-4
10016:978-0-393-95196-7
9928:978-1-4000-3187-0
9920:978-0-375-42222-5
9912:978-0-00-714952-0
9813:978-0-393-95547-7
9712:978-0-521-60423-9
9668:978-0-7641-5136-1
9647:978-0-312-45023-6
9603:978-0-226-03852-0
9557:
9556:
9549:
9423:Wagner, Richard.
9418:978-0-19-288093-2
9337:978-2-7084-0952-1
9308:Faking Literature
9272:MasĆowski, Maciej
9161:978-0-393-92720-7
9126:978-0-19-956891-8
9064:978-0-415-08378-2
8951:978-1-55111-404-0
8894:978-0-06-092883-4
8711:978-0-340-67039-2
8652:978-0-307-38766-0
8606:978-1-134-97668-3
8564:978-81-250-2657-0
8356:MasĆowski, Maciej
8191:(2008), pp. 64â65
8065:978-88-8467-859-1
7959:978-972-0-30170-3
7904:978-972-48-0192-6
7844:978-84-249-0591-0
7774:978-0-8153-3563-4
7279:978-0-230-55500-6
7247:978-0-19-860115-9
7216:978-0-415-90081-2
7156:Sutherland, James
7119:Darrin M. McMahon
7068:by Robert Hughes"
7016:Joseph de Maistre
6937:978-1-4130-2253-7
6831:978-0-521-84891-6
6804:978-1-135-91826-2
6746:978-0-312-45023-6
6595:978-0-300-22714-7
6497:978-0-511-97358-1
6426:(1987) ch. 12 on
6307:978-0-19-969638-3
6275:
6274:
6233:DĂŒsseldorf School
6228:Decadent movement
6212:Related movements
6185:Romantic medicine
6129:List of romantics
6035:Christopher Ricks
5831:Alexander Pushkin
5791:Mikhail Lermontov
5751:Zygmunt KrasiĆski
5741:Washington Irving
5726:E. T. A. Hoffmann
5691:Aleksander Fredro
5586:Casimiro de Abreu
5513:Laing Art Gallery
5259:Joseph Anton Koch
4963:Kingdom of Poland
4959:November Uprising
4933:, the Norwegians
4853:Napoleon's Empire
4843:with the rise of
4841:French Revolution
4694:was the style of
4413:Felix Mendelssohn
4338:New German School
4302:Musikwissenschaft
4229:E. T. A. Hoffmann
3978:Italian masters.
3956:Piotr MichaĆowski
3879:Piotr MichaĆowski
3680:Lorenzo Bartolini
3530:, for Napoleon's
3506:Nazarene movement
3447:in the manner of
3344:Cologne Cathedral
3248:French Revolution
3169:Cologne Cathedral
3114:Transcendentalism
3060:Transcendentalist
3034:, exemplified by
3006:Washington Irving
3002:Gothic literature
2953:First Barbary War
2915:Casimiro de Abreu
2907:Ultra-Romanticism
2817:Ludovico di Breme
2801:Germaine de Staël
2793:Isabella di Morra
2720:Ultra-Romanticism
2526:RosalĂa de Castro
2524:and the Galician
2476:Ăngel de Saavedra
2373:Mikhail Lermontov
2347:Alexander Pushkin
2272:Nie-boska komedia
2258:Zygmunt KrasiĆski
2184:Zygmunt KrasiĆski
2143:Walenty WaĆkowicz
2091:Théophile Gautier
1740:Alexander Nasmyth
1690:Wuthering Heights
1587:in Scotland, and
1554:French Revolution
1257:The Marble Statue
1233:E. T. A. Hoffmann
1108:sentimental novel
1082:, beginning with
1075:Thomas Chatterton
1055:Oxford University
1030:and succeeded by
846:French Revolution
748:Germaine de Staël
717:chivalric romance
675:Enlightenment Era
588:Defence of Poetry
570:and juxtaposed a
398:Origin of Species
382:French Revolution
148:Romantic movement
85:
84:
16:(Redirected from
18985:
18761:EU Customs Union
18293:Secular humanism
18241:Christian ethics
18191:EastâWest Schism
18174:Physical culture
17898:Great Divergence
17848:Age of Discovery
17687:
17680:
17673:
17664:
17663:
17250:Frankfurt School
16773:
16766:
16759:
16750:
16749:
16736:
16735:
16734:
16628:
16618:
16608:
16598:
16588:
16578:
16568:
16558:
16548:
16538:
16528:
16518:
16508:
16498:
15797:
15790:
15783:
15774:
15773:
15760:
15759:
15744:Western painting
15690:Modern sculpture
15648:History painting
15351:Art intervention
15144:Installation art
14961:Nouveau réalisme
14701:
14700:
14675:Leningrad School
14567:Mexican muralism
14540:Grosvenor School
14280:American Realism
14263:Der Blaue Reiter
14221:Berlin Secession
14216:Vienna Secession
14211:Munich Secession
14129:Pont-Aven School
13948:
13947:
13798:Troubadour style
13776:(c. 1770 â 1862)
13743:Qing handicrafts
13709:Western elements
13640:Letras y figuras
13613:African-American
13608:African diaspora
13579:Directoire style
13490:Heptanese school
13473:Dutch Golden Age
13458:Stroganov School
13451:Lutheran Baroque
13446:Louis XIII style
13419:Baroque in Milan
13281:Bolognese School
13276:High Renaissance
13259:Forlivese School
13254:Ferrarese School
12977:Migration Period
12741:
12740:
12699:
12692:
12685:
12676:
12675:
12663:
12662:
12649:
12648:
12608:Evolution theory
11450:
11449:
10583:
10582:
10444:Ukrainian school
10248:
10241:
10234:
10225:
10224:
10203:Romantic Circles
9975:
9651:
9552:
9545:
9541:
9538:
9532:
9527:Please read the
9523:may need cleanup
9512:
9511:
9504:
9485:978-229-0-158098
9475:Weber, Patrick,
9375:
9341:
9200:, 1968, Pelican.
9107:Einstein, Alfred
8928:Blume, Friedrich
8842:
8828:
8822:
8821:
8819:
8817:
8804:
8798:
8784:
8778:
8777:
8775:
8773:
8757:
8751:
8750:
8722:
8716:
8715:
8688:
8682:
8681:
8679:
8678:
8663:
8657:
8656:
8640:
8630:
8624:
8617:
8611:
8610:
8590:
8584:
8575:
8569:
8568:
8548:
8542:
8531:
8525:
8518:
8512:
8509:
8503:
8500:
8494:
8493:Grout 1960, 492.
8491:
8485:
8482:
8476:
8473:
8467:
8466:Wagner 1995, 77.
8464:
8458:
8455:
8449:
8446:
8440:
8437:
8426:
8423:
8417:
8414:
8408:
8405:
8399:
8398:
8378:
8372:
8371:Boyer 1961, 585.
8369:
8363:
8352:
8346:
8343:
8337:
8336:
8329:
8323:
8320:
8314:
8307:
8301:
8298:
8292:
8289:
8283:
8280:
8274:
8273:
8262:
8256:
8249:
8243:
8240:
8234:
8231:
8225:
8222:
8216:
8210:
8204:
8198:
8192:
8187:Weber, Patrick,
8185:
8176:
8171:Weber, Patrick,
8169:
8160:
8155:Weber, Patrick,
8153:
8147:
8140:
8134:
8117:
8111:
8104:
8095:
8088:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8049:
8043:
8042:
8035:
8029:
8028:
8020:
8014:
8003:
7997:
7996:
7994:
7993:
7978:
7972:
7971:
7945:
7934:
7933:
7931:
7930:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7890:
7884:
7883:
7855:
7849:
7848:
7828:
7822:
7821:
7785:
7779:
7778:
7760:
7754:
7747:
7741:
7734:
7728:
7727:
7725:
7723:
7706:
7700:
7699:
7697:
7695:
7680:
7674:
7667:
7661:
7656:Leon Dyczewski,
7654:
7648:
7645:
7639:
7636:
7630:
7627:
7621:
7618:
7612:
7597:
7591:
7576:
7570:
7555:
7549:
7534:
7528:
7513:
7507:
7492:
7486:
7471:
7465:
7458:
7452:
7445:
7439:
7424:
7418:
7403:
7397:
7382:
7376:
7375:
7353:
7347:
7332:
7326:
7323:
7317:
7314:
7308:
7305:
7299:
7296:
7290:
7287:
7281:
7258:
7252:
7251:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7196:
7190:
7187:
7181:
7178:
7172:
7153:
7147:
7146:
7144:
7143:
7132:
7126:
7123:Past and Present
7116:
7110:
7103:anti-rationalist
7085:, Pimlico, 2000
7078:
7072:
7071:
7060:
7054:
7051:
7045:
7042:
7036:
7033:
7027:
7012:
7006:
7003:
6997:
6994:
6988:
6981:
6972:
6948:
6942:
6941:
6923:
6917:
6914:
6908:
6905:Oxford Companion
6901:
6895:
6892:
6886:
6883:
6877:
6874:
6865:
6864:
6851:
6845:
6842:
6836:
6835:
6815:
6809:
6808:
6786:
6777:
6774:
6768:
6765:
6759:
6758:
6732:
6726:
6705:
6699:
6695:
6689:
6686:
6680:
6677:
6671:
6668:
6662:
6653:
6647:
6644:
6638:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6606:
6600:
6599:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6565:
6559:. Archived from
6524:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6504:
6461:
6452:
6446:
6436:
6430:
6420:
6414:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6388:. Archived from
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6358:. Archived from
6343:
6337:
6336:
6318:
6312:
6311:
6293:
6151:Post-romanticism
6124:Dark Romanticism
6113:Related subjects
6073:Goethean science
6062:
6050:Susan J. Wolfson
5876:Juliusz SĆowacki
5806:Grigol Orbeliani
5801:GĂ©rard de Nerval
5606:Charlotte Brontë
5581:Machado de Assis
5564:Romantic writers
5551:Albert Bierstadt
5547:
5523:
5498:
5470:
5452:Winter Afternoon
5444:
5420:
5394:
5366:
5347:
5344:
5335:
5313:
5292:
5274:
5255:
5233:EugĂšne Delacroix
5229:
5214:EugĂšne Delacroix
5210:
5199:Troubadour style
5185:
5176:
5173:
5158:
5127:
5101:
5082:
5047:he writes about
4908:Charles Perrault
4867:, a disciple of
4761:Wilhelm Steinitz
4675:Albrecht Ritschl
4591:Naturphilosophie
4549:Outside the arts
4537:
4528:
4525:
4516:
4498:Giovanni Boldini
4494:
4475:
4466:
4463:
4454:
4439:
4424:
4409:
4295:EugĂšne Delacroix
4158:NiccolĂČ Paganini
4113:
4091:
4071:
4045:
4003:Sunrise in Syria
3995:Albert Bierstadt
3989:. Painters like
3946:, and in Norway
3942:specializing in
3893:
3890:
3829:(1776â1842) and
3814:style Troubadour
3794:
3777:EugĂšne Delacroix
3773:
3752:
3731:
3710:
3691:
3624:Cavalier gaulois
3599:history painting
3567:EugĂšne Delacroix
3445:history painting
3375:
3355:
3340:
3317:
3298:
3215:Marie Antoinette
3078:. The poetry of
3072:romantic realism
3062:writers such as
2923:Junqueira Freire
2903:Canção do exĂlio
2829:Giacomo Leopardi
2821:Giovanni Berchet
2754:Soares de Passos
2686:Greco-Roman myth
2645:redondilha maior
2590:
2540:, respectively.
2522:Jacint Verdaguer
2509:Simon Boccanegra
2485:Don Juan Tenorio
2446:
2443:
2327:Nikolay Karamzin
2315:Vasily Zhukovsky
2295:Christ of Europe
2231:Polish Romantics
2207:Juliusz SĆowacki
2197:Great Emigration
2180:Juliusz SĆowacki
2164:January Uprising
2083:GĂ©rard de Nerval
2079:Alfred de Musset
2028:, both of 1844.
1992:Parisian theatre
1981:J. J. Grandville
1859:(1784â1842) and
1857:Allan Cunningham
1764:James Macpherson
1650:Northanger Abbey
1610:Vincenzo Bellini
1583:. The lyrics of
1529:historical novel
1456:
1453:
1267:, non-classical
1204:Clemens Brentano
1180:Jena Romanticism
1059:James Macpherson
896:History of Ideas
834:literary history
783:Margaret Drabble
548:radical politics
495:natural sciences
350:movement called
324:environmentalism
109:EugĂšne Delacroix
80:
77:
71:
45:
44:
37:
21:
18993:
18992:
18988:
18987:
18986:
18984:
18983:
18982:
18968:Literary genres
18963:German idealism
18958:Music of Europe
18898:
18897:
18896:
18891:
18890:
18885:
18851:UKUSA Agreement
18791:Lublin Triangle
18676:Baltic Assembly
18628:
18622:
18540:
18377:
18212:
18082:Eurolinguistics
17951:
17940:Information age
17913:Interwar period
17780:
17700:
17691:
17661:
17656:
17638:
17629:Postcolonialism
17624:Linguistic turn
17554:Totalitarianism
17519:Oedipus complex
17380:Being in itself
17343:
17255:German idealism
17235:Critical theory
17218:
17134:Ortega y Gasset
16782:
16777:
16747:
16742:
16732:
16730:
16707:
16631:
16626:
16616:
16606:
16603:Critical Essays
16596:
16586:
16576:
16566:
16556:
16546:
16536:
16526:
16516:
16506:
16496:
16480:
16253:
16167:Ortega y Gasset
15960:
15872:
15806:
15801:
15771:
15766:
15748:
15665:Interactive art
15548:
15522:SoFlo Superflat
15447:Kitsch movement
15371:Africanfuturism
15323:
15317:
15196:Transavantgarde
15127:
15081:Light and Space
15066:Performance art
15046:Psychedelic art
14929:Nueva Presencia
14919:Otra FiguraciĂłn
14907:
14839:Les Plasticiens
14824:New York School
14802:Action painting
14787:Metcalf Chateau
14696:
14691:
14679:
14599:Cercle et Carré
14535:New Objectivity
14442:Return to order
14384:School of Paris
14362:
14206:School of Paris
14167:
14053:Arts and Crafts
13958:Neo-romanticism
13943:
13931:
13927:Etching revival
13879:Barbizon school
13823:Pre-Raphaelites
13775:
13772:
13765:
13708:
13702:
13595:
13569:Louis XVI style
13511:
13500:Louis XIV style
13463:Animal painting
13424:Flemish Baroque
13402:
13313:World landscape
13264:Venetian School
13206:
13193:Majorcan school
13160:Novgorod School
13150:Lucchese School
13122:Opus Anglicanum
13114:Norman-Sicilian
13058:Italo-Byzantine
12958:Early Christian
12939:
12923:Pompeian Styles
12736:
12730:
12717:
12703:
12668:
12660:
12655:
12654:
12643:
12635:
12621:
12578:Romantic poetry
12563:Romantic ballet
12538:German idealism
12521:
12487:Lacoue-Labarthe
12413:
12160:
11978:
11927:
11896:
11877:Rimsky-Korsakov
11820:
11769:
11718:
11677:
11586:
11530:
11494:
11435:
11284:
11228:
11177:
11136:
11095:
11049:
10991:
10932:Maria Edgeworth
10868:
10861:
10740:
10662:
10572:
10551:Romantic genius
10481:Gesamtkunstwerk
10458:
10419:Sturm und Drang
10326:
10257:
10252:
10168:Wayback Machine
10157:
10152:
10000:Plantinga, Leon
9973:
9900:Holmes, Richard
9842:Ludwig Finscher
9648:
9623:Blanning, Tim.
9584:Barzun, Jacques
9553:
9542:
9536:
9533:
9526:
9519:Further reading
9513:
9509:
9502:
9500:Further reading
9497:
9463:Wayback Machine
9425:Opera and Drama
9404:Steiner, George
9389:Spearing, A. C.
9372:
9338:
9265:Wayback Machine
9251:Wayback Machine
9236:Wayback Machine
9143:Jack Stillinger
9102:Wayback Machine
9082:Wayback Machine
9045:Wayback Machine
8969:François Lesure
8879:Barzun, Jacques
8850:
8845:
8829:
8825:
8815:
8813:
8806:
8805:
8801:
8785:
8781:
8771:
8769:
8758:
8754:
8739:10.2307/1837852
8723:
8719:
8712:
8689:
8685:
8676:
8674:
8664:
8660:
8653:
8631:
8627:
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8607:
8591:
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8515:
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8492:
8488:
8483:
8479:
8474:
8470:
8465:
8461:
8456:
8452:
8447:
8443:
8438:
8429:
8424:
8420:
8415:
8411:
8407:Ferchault 1957.
8406:
8402:
8395:
8379:
8375:
8370:
8366:
8353:
8349:
8344:
8340:
8331:
8330:
8326:
8321:
8317:
8308:
8304:
8299:
8295:
8291:Novotny, 133â42
8290:
8286:
8281:
8277:
8264:
8263:
8259:
8250:
8246:
8241:
8237:
8233:Novotny, 112â21
8232:
8228:
8223:
8219:
8211:
8207:
8199:
8195:
8186:
8179:
8170:
8163:
8154:
8150:
8141:
8137:
8132:Wayback Machine
8118:
8114:
8105:
8098:
8089:
8085:
8075:
8073:
8066:
8055:Scrittori Sardi
8050:
8046:
8037:
8036:
8032:
8021:
8017:
8013:, 2007, p. 1242
8004:
8000:
7991:
7989:
7980:
7979:
7975:
7960:
7946:
7937:
7928:
7926:
7917:
7916:
7912:
7905:
7891:
7887:
7872:10.2307/3721247
7856:
7852:
7845:
7829:
7825:
7802:10.2307/3722555
7786:
7782:
7775:
7761:
7757:
7749:Gerald Brenan,
7748:
7744:
7735:
7731:
7721:
7719:
7715:Museo del Prado
7708:
7707:
7703:
7693:
7691:
7690:on 1 April 2019
7682:
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7535:
7531:
7514:
7510:
7493:
7489:
7473:K. S. Whetter,
7472:
7468:
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7446:
7442:
7425:
7421:
7404:
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7383:
7379:
7354:
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7333:
7329:
7324:
7320:
7315:
7311:
7306:
7302:
7297:
7293:
7288:
7284:
7270:Wayback Machine
7260:Oliver, Susan.
7259:
7255:
7248:
7228:
7224:
7217:
7197:
7193:
7188:
7184:
7179:
7175:
7169:Wayback Machine
7154:
7150:
7141:
7139:
7134:
7133:
7129:
7117:
7113:
7079:
7075:
7070:. 12 July 2021.
7062:
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7009:
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7000:
6995:
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6982:
6975:
6960:Wayback Machine
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6747:
6733:
6729:
6723:Wayback Machine
6706:
6702:
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6692:
6687:
6683:
6678:
6674:
6669:
6665:
6661:, quoted Day, 2
6658:Lyrical Ballads
6654:
6650:
6645:
6641:
6635:Wayback Machine
6622:
6618:
6607:
6603:
6596:
6582:
6578:
6569:
6567:
6563:
6522:
6516:
6512:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6468:Claeys, Gregory
6459:
6453:
6449:
6437:
6433:
6421:
6417:
6408:
6404:
6395:
6393:
6392:on May 13, 2009
6378:
6374:
6365:
6363:
6344:
6340:
6333:
6319:
6315:
6308:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6214:
6190:Romantic poetry
6170:Romantic ballet
6146:Neo-romanticism
6115:
6091:
6069:
6059:
6054:
6005:Tilar J. Mazzeo
5955:Friedrich Blume
5905:
5900:
5886:Fagundes Varela
5821:Edgar Allan Poe
5776:Adam Mickiewicz
5771:Prosper Mérimée
5766:Herman Melville
5661:Maria Edgeworth
5656:Alexandre Dumas
5651:Emily Dickinson
5566:
5559:
5548:
5539:
5524:
5515:
5499:
5490:
5474:Ivan Aivazovsky
5471:
5462:
5445:
5436:
5424:J. M. W. Turner
5421:
5412:
5395:
5386:
5367:
5358:
5345:
5336:
5327:
5314:
5305:
5293:
5284:
5275:
5266:
5256:
5240:
5230:
5221:
5211:
5202:
5186:
5177:
5174:
5159:
5143:
5128:
5119:
5109:Cave at evening
5102:
5093:
5083:
5069:
4991:Adam Mickiewicz
4979:Polish Uprising
4951:
4924:contributed to
4913:Sleeping Beauty
4849:French Republic
4775:
4769:
4709:Daniel Harrwitz
4705:Adolf Anderssen
4701:Howard Staunton
4689:
4683:
4655:
4631:Oliver Cromwell
4623:History writing
4620:
4582:
4576:
4551:
4544:
4538:
4529:
4526:
4517:
4508:
4495:
4486:
4483:Gustave Courbet
4476:
4467:
4464:
4455:
4446:
4440:
4431:
4428:Robert Schumann
4425:
4416:
4410:
4372:Friedrich Blume
4350:Alfred Einstein
4326:Robert Schumann
4291:Frédéric Chopin
4201:
4145:
4131:
4124:
4114:
4105:
4092:
4083:
4077:
4072:
4063:
4046:
3964:Francesco Hayez
3960:Napoleonic Wars
3944:marine painting
3940:Ivan Aivazovsky
3936:Vasily Tropinin
3932:Orest Kiprensky
3891:
3857:Francesco Hayez
3841:, shown in the
3807:
3798:J. M. W. Turner
3795:
3786:
3774:
3765:
3753:
3744:
3732:
3723:
3711:
3702:
3694:George Stubbs,
3692:
3668:Auguste Préault
3660:Arc de Triomphe
3428:J. M. W. Turner
3393:
3386:
3376:
3367:
3364:Charles Garnier
3356:
3347:
3341:
3332:
3318:
3309:
3299:
3275:Charles Garnier
3244:Prosper Mérimée
3171:in Germany, by
3135:
3129:
3102:
3084:Herman Melville
3080:Emily Dickinson
3046:Edgar Allan Poe
2976:
2968:Main articles:
2966:
2957:Stephen Decatur
2919:Fagundes Varela
2883:José de Alencar
2859:
2853:
2841:Giuseppe Botero
2785:
2588:
2574:Almeida Garrett
2558:Almeida Garrett
2550:
2496:. The plays of
2449:Museo del Prado
2444:
2421:
2415:
2383:Fyodor Tyutchev
2303:
2252:Adam Mickiewicz
2160:Adam Mickiewicz
2153:
2130:
2050:Prosper Mérimée
2008:Alexandre Dumas
1973:The "battle of
1925:
1919:
1873:'s portrait of
1825:national anthem
1795:Scottish Gaelic
1746:Although after
1729:
1723:
1543:Waverley Novels
1454:
1448:Thomas Phillips
1433:William Hazlitt
1408:Lyrical Ballads
1399:William Hazlitt
1350:Lyrical Ballads
1331:
1325:
1265:folk literature
1208:Achim von Arnim
1116:
1104:Laurence Sterne
1099:Tristram Shandy
1041:(headmaster at
1004:Charles Maturin
1000:Edgar Allan Poe
975:
973:Romantic poetry
969:
858:totalitarianism
826:
814:Alfred de Vigny
809:Napoleonic Wars
802:Richard Strauss
797:Four Last Songs
779:
696:
601:
596:
491:social sciences
466:as well as the
460:
353:Sturm und Drang
344:
339:
331:romanticization
295:at that point.
81:
75:
72:
57:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
18991:
18981:
18980:
18975:
18970:
18965:
18960:
18955:
18950:
18945:
18940:
18935:
18930:
18925:
18920:
18915:
18910:
18893:
18892:
18887:
18886:
18884:
18883:
18881:Westernization
18878:
18873:
18868:
18863:
18861:VisegrĂĄd Group
18858:
18853:
18848:
18843:
18838:
18833:
18828:
18823:
18818:
18813:
18808:
18803:
18801:Nordic Council
18798:
18793:
18788:
18783:
18778:
18773:
18768:
18763:
18758:
18753:
18748:
18743:
18738:
18733:
18728:
18723:
18718:
18713:
18708:
18703:
18698:
18696:Bucharest Nine
18693:
18688:
18683:
18678:
18673:
18668:
18663:
18661:Arctic Council
18658:
18653:
18648:
18643:
18638:
18632:
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18615:
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18556:
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18516:
18511:
18506:
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18504:
18499:
18494:
18489:
18479:
18474:
18469:
18459:
18458:
18457:
18456:
18455:
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18443:
18438:
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18387:
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18374:
18373:
18363:
18358:
18353:
18352:
18351:
18339:
18338:
18337:
18327:
18322:
18317:
18312:
18307:
18302:
18297:
18296:
18295:
18290:
18280:
18279:
18278:
18271:Existentialism
18268:
18263:
18258:
18253:
18248:
18243:
18238:
18233:
18228:
18222:
18220:
18214:
18213:
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18059:
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18057:
18047:
18042:
18041:
18040:
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18028:
18018:
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18016:
18006:
18001:
18000:
17999:
17989:
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17959:
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17895:
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17885:
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17875:
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17865:
17860:
17855:
17850:
17845:
17835:
17830:
17829:
17828:
17823:
17818:
17808:
17807:
17806:
17804:Late antiquity
17796:
17790:
17788:
17782:
17781:
17779:
17778:
17773:
17768:
17763:
17758:
17757:
17756:
17755:
17754:
17749:
17739:
17734:
17729:
17719:
17714:
17708:
17706:
17702:
17701:
17690:
17689:
17682:
17675:
17667:
17658:
17657:
17655:
17654:
17649:
17643:
17640:
17639:
17637:
17636:
17631:
17626:
17621:
17616:
17611:
17606:
17601:
17596:
17591:
17586:
17581:
17576:
17571:
17566:
17561:
17556:
17551:
17549:Self-deception
17546:
17541:
17536:
17531:
17526:
17521:
17516:
17511:
17506:
17501:
17496:
17491:
17486:
17481:
17476:
17471:
17466:
17461:
17456:
17451:
17446:
17441:
17436:
17431:
17426:
17419:
17418:
17417:
17412:
17407:
17397:
17395:Class struggle
17392:
17387:
17382:
17377:
17372:
17367:
17362:
17360:Always already
17357:
17351:
17349:
17345:
17344:
17342:
17341:
17336:
17331:
17326:
17325:
17324:
17317:Psychoanalysis
17314:
17309:
17304:
17299:
17294:
17292:Non-philosophy
17289:
17287:Neo-Kantianism
17284:
17283:
17282:
17277:
17267:
17262:
17257:
17252:
17247:
17245:Existentialism
17242:
17240:Deconstruction
17237:
17232:
17226:
17224:
17220:
17219:
17217:
17216:
17211:
17206:
17201:
17196:
17191:
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17176:
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17146:
17141:
17136:
17131:
17126:
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17106:
17101:
17096:
17091:
17086:
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17076:
17071:
17066:
17061:
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17051:
17046:
17041:
17036:
17031:
17026:
17021:
17016:
17011:
17006:
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16991:
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16956:
16951:
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16936:
16931:
16926:
16921:
16916:
16911:
16906:
16901:
16896:
16891:
16886:
16881:
16876:
16871:
16866:
16861:
16856:
16851:
16846:
16841:
16836:
16831:
16826:
16821:
16816:
16811:
16806:
16801:
16796:
16790:
16788:
16784:
16783:
16776:
16775:
16768:
16761:
16753:
16744:
16743:
16741:
16740:
16728:
16723:
16718:
16712:
16709:
16708:
16706:
16705:
16700:
16695:
16690:
16685:
16680:
16675:
16673:Neuroesthetics
16670:
16665:
16660:
16655:
16653:Arts criticism
16650:
16645:
16639:
16637:
16633:
16632:
16630:
16629:
16619:
16609:
16599:
16589:
16579:
16569:
16559:
16549:
16539:
16529:
16523:On the Sublime
16519:
16509:
16499:
16488:
16486:
16482:
16481:
16479:
16478:
16473:
16468:
16463:
16458:
16453:
16448:
16443:
16436:
16431:
16426:
16421:
16416:
16411:
16406:
16401:
16394:
16389:
16387:Interpretation
16384:
16379:
16374:
16369:
16364:
16359:
16354:
16349:
16344:
16339:
16334:
16329:
16324:
16319:
16314:
16309:
16304:
16303:
16302:
16297:
16287:
16282:
16280:Artistic merit
16277:
16272:
16267:
16261:
16259:
16255:
16254:
16252:
16251:
16244:
16239:
16234:
16229:
16224:
16219:
16214:
16209:
16204:
16199:
16194:
16189:
16184:
16179:
16174:
16169:
16164:
16159:
16154:
16149:
16144:
16139:
16134:
16129:
16124:
16119:
16114:
16109:
16104:
16099:
16094:
16089:
16084:
16079:
16074:
16069:
16064:
16059:
16054:
16049:
16044:
16039:
16034:
16029:
16024:
16019:
16014:
16009:
16004:
15999:
15994:
15989:
15984:
15979:
15974:
15968:
15966:
15962:
15961:
15959:
15958:
15951:
15946:
15941:
15936:
15931:
15929:Psychoanalysis
15926:
15921:
15916:
15911:
15906:
15901:
15896:
15891:
15886:
15880:
15878:
15874:
15873:
15871:
15870:
15865:
15860:
15855:
15850:
15845:
15840:
15835:
15830:
15825:
15820:
15814:
15812:
15808:
15807:
15800:
15799:
15792:
15785:
15777:
15768:
15767:
15765:
15764:
15753:
15750:
15749:
15747:
15746:
15741:
15734:
15729:
15724:
15719:
15714:
15709:
15704:
15699:
15698:
15697:
15695:Late modernism
15692:
15682:
15677:
15672:
15667:
15662:
15657:
15652:
15651:
15650:
15645:
15643:Genre painting
15635:
15630:
15625:
15620:
15619:
15618:
15613:
15608:
15603:
15593:
15591:Ballets Russes
15588:
15583:
15578:
15577:
15576:
15574:Asemic writing
15566:
15564:History of art
15560:
15558:
15557:Related topics
15554:
15553:
15550:
15549:
15547:
15546:
15541:
15536:
15531:
15530:
15529:
15524:
15514:
15509:
15504:
15499:
15494:
15492:Relational art
15489:
15484:
15479:
15474:
15469:
15464:
15459:
15454:
15449:
15444:
15439:
15438:
15437:
15427:
15422:
15417:
15415:Hypermodernism
15412:
15411:
15410:
15400:
15395:
15390:
15385:
15380:
15375:
15374:
15373:
15363:
15358:
15353:
15348:
15343:
15338:
15333:
15327:
15325:
15319:
15318:
15316:
15315:
15310:
15305:
15300:
15295:
15290:
15285:
15280:
15275:
15270:
15265:
15260:
15255:
15250:
15245:
15240:
15235:
15230:
15225:
15220:
15215:
15210:
15205:
15200:
15199:
15198:
15188:
15183:
15178:
15173:
15172:
15171:
15161:
15156:
15154:Postminimalism
15151:
15146:
15141:
15135:
15133:
15129:
15128:
15126:
15125:
15120:
15115:
15110:
15105:
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15099:
15098:
15088:
15083:
15078:
15073:
15068:
15063:
15058:
15053:
15048:
15043:
15038:
15033:
15031:Generative art
15028:
15023:
15018:
15013:
15008:
15003:
15001:Conceptual art
14998:
14993:
14988:
14983:
14978:
14973:
14968:
14963:
14958:
14953:
14952:
14951:
14941:
14936:
14931:
14926:
14921:
14915:
14913:
14909:
14908:
14906:
14905:
14900:
14898:Cybernetic art
14895:
14890:
14889:
14888:
14886:Ultra-Lettrist
14883:
14873:
14872:
14871:
14861:
14856:
14851:
14846:
14841:
14836:
14831:
14826:
14821:
14816:
14815:
14814:
14804:
14799:
14794:
14789:
14784:
14779:
14774:
14773:
14772:
14767:
14762:
14760:Arte Informale
14757:
14747:
14742:
14737:
14736:
14735:
14725:
14724:
14723:
14713:
14707:
14705:
14698:
14697:(1945âpresent)
14685:
14684:
14681:
14680:
14678:
14677:
14672:
14667:
14662:
14657:
14656:
14655:
14645:
14640:
14639:
14638:
14633:
14626:Heroic realism
14623:
14622:
14621:
14611:
14606:
14601:
14596:
14591:
14586:
14579:
14574:
14569:
14564:
14563:
14562:
14560:Latin American
14557:
14547:
14542:
14537:
14532:
14530:Group of Seven
14527:
14522:
14517:
14512:
14511:
14510:
14500:
14495:
14493:Social realism
14490:
14485:
14480:
14479:
14478:
14476:November Group
14468:
14467:
14466:
14461:
14451:
14450:
14449:
14439:
14434:
14433:
14432:
14420:
14415:
14410:
14409:
14408:
14407:
14406:
14399:Latin American
14394:Constructivism
14391:
14389:Crystal Cubism
14386:
14381:
14376:
14370:
14368:
14364:
14363:
14361:
14360:
14355:
14350:
14345:
14340:
14335:
14330:
14329:
14328:
14318:
14313:
14306:
14305:
14304:
14299:
14289:
14288:
14287:
14277:
14272:
14267:
14266:
14265:
14260:
14250:
14245:
14240:
14235:
14230:
14229:
14228:
14223:
14218:
14213:
14203:
14198:
14193:
14188:
14187:
14186:
14175:
14173:
14169:
14168:
14166:
14165:
14160:
14159:
14158:
14148:
14147:
14146:
14141:
14136:
14131:
14126:
14121:
14116:
14115:
14114:
14099:
14094:
14092:Volcano School
14089:
14088:
14087:
14082:
14072:
14067:
14062:
14061:
14060:
14050:
14045:
14044:
14043:
14038:
14033:
14028:
14027:
14026:
14021:
14006:
14001:
13996:
13991:
13990:
13989:
13977:
13972:
13967:
13966:
13965:
13954:
13952:
13945:
13937:
13936:
13933:
13932:
13930:
13929:
13924:
13923:
13922:
13917:
13916:
13915:
13900:
13899:
13898:
13897:
13896:
13886:
13881:
13871:
13866:
13865:
13864:
13854:
13849:
13847:Norwich School
13844:
13839:
13838:
13837:
13836:
13835:
13825:
13820:
13815:
13810:
13805:
13800:
13795:
13790:
13788:Fairy painting
13779:
13777:
13767:
13766:
13764:
13763:
13762:
13761:
13756:
13745:
13740:
13735:
13730:
13725:
13724:
13723:
13712:
13710:
13704:
13703:
13701:
13700:
13699:
13698:
13693:
13692:
13691:
13686:
13681:
13679:Chilote School
13671:
13669:Casta painting
13661:
13660:
13659:
13654:
13649:
13648:
13647:
13645:Tipos del PaĂs
13642:
13629:
13628:
13627:
13626:
13625:
13615:
13603:
13601:
13597:
13596:
13594:
13593:
13588:
13587:
13586:
13581:
13576:
13571:
13566:
13554:
13553:
13552:
13545:
13540:
13535:
13533:Louis XV style
13530:
13519:
13517:
13513:
13512:
13510:
13509:
13508:
13507:
13502:
13492:
13487:
13482:
13481:
13480:
13470:
13465:
13460:
13455:
13454:
13453:
13448:
13443:
13442:
13441:
13436:
13426:
13421:
13410:
13408:
13404:
13403:
13401:
13400:
13395:
13390:
13385:
13380:
13379:
13378:
13368:
13367:
13366:
13365:
13364:
13359:
13354:
13344:
13343:
13342:
13337:
13335:Cologne School
13327:
13322:
13317:
13316:
13315:
13300:
13299:
13298:
13297:
13296:
13288:
13283:
13278:
13268:
13267:
13266:
13261:
13256:
13246:
13245:
13244:
13237:
13232:
13216:
13214:
13208:
13207:
13205:
13204:
13203:
13202:
13195:
13190:
13188:Italian school
13179:
13174:
13173:
13172:
13170:Sienese School
13162:
13157:
13152:
13147:
13146:
13145:
13140:
13135:
13125:
13118:
13117:
13116:
13106:
13105:
13104:
13099:
13089:
13084:
13083:
13082:
13080:Pre-Romanesque
13077:
13072:
13062:
13061:
13060:
13055:
13050:
13045:
13035:
13030:
13029:
13028:
13016:
13011:
13009:Donor portrait
13006:
13005:
13004:
12999:
12994:
12989:
12984:
12974:
12973:
12972:
12962:
12961:
12960:
12949:
12947:
12941:
12940:
12938:
12937:
12936:
12935:
12930:
12925:
12920:
12918:Julio-Claudian
12915:
12910:
12900:
12895:
12890:
12885:
12880:
12879:
12878:
12877:
12876:
12871:
12870:
12869:
12867:Greco-Buddhist
12859:
12849:
12844:
12839:
12834:
12829:
12824:
12819:
12814:
12809:
12807:Protogeometric
12804:
12794:
12793:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12767:
12762:
12761:
12760:
12749:
12747:
12738:
12732:
12731:
12722:
12719:
12718:
12702:
12701:
12694:
12687:
12679:
12673:
12670:
12669:
12657:
12656:
12636:
12628:
12627:
12626:
12623:
12622:
12620:
12619:
12612:
12611:
12610:
12605:
12595:
12590:
12585:
12580:
12575:
12570:
12565:
12560:
12555:
12550:
12545:
12540:
12535:
12529:
12527:
12526:Related topics
12523:
12522:
12520:
12519:
12514:
12509:
12504:
12499:
12494:
12489:
12484:
12479:
12474:
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12464:
12459:
12454:
12449:
12444:
12439:
12434:
12429:
12423:
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12415:
12414:
12412:
12411:
12406:
12401:
12396:
12391:
12386:
12381:
12376:
12371:
12366:
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12351:
12346:
12341:
12336:
12331:
12326:
12321:
12316:
12311:
12306:
12301:
12296:
12291:
12286:
12281:
12276:
12271:
12266:
12261:
12256:
12254:Gallen-Kallela
12251:
12246:
12241:
12236:
12231:
12229:David d'Angers
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12170:
12168:
12166:Visual artists
12162:
12161:
12159:
12158:
12153:
12148:
12143:
12138:
12133:
12128:
12126:Schleiermacher
12123:
12118:
12113:
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12098:
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12088:
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12078:
12073:
12068:
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12018:
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11998:
11992:
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11398:
11393:
11391:OehlenschlÀger
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11068:
11063:
11061:Castelo Branco
11057:
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10787:Brothers Grimm
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10533:
10528:
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10511:
10506:
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10489:
10487:Gothic fiction
10484:
10477:
10475:British Marine
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10446:
10441:
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10390:
10385:
10380:
10375:
10373:Gothic revival
10370:
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10221:
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10207:
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10190:
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10176:
10171:
10156:
10155:External links
10153:
10151:
10150:
10143:
10136:
10118:
10097:
10096:. : Constable.
10090:
10075:
10068:
10053:Rosen, Charles
10050:
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9949:
9930:
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9870:
9865:
9834:
9831:978-0300144291
9816:
9801:
9794:
9787:
9756:
9725:Dahlhaus, Carl
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9289:Novotny, Fritz
9286:
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9219:
9204:Hughes, Robert
9201:
9198:Neo-classicism
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9139:
9129:
9114:
9104:
9067:
9048:
9014:
8972:
8961:
8954:
8939:
8925:
8915:
8900:Berlin, Isaiah
8897:
8876:
8869:
8862:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8843:
8823:
8799:
8779:
8752:
8733:(4): 722â723.
8717:
8710:
8692:Hartston, Bill
8683:
8658:
8651:
8625:
8612:
8605:
8585:
8570:
8563:
8543:
8526:
8513:
8504:
8495:
8486:
8477:
8475:Einstein 1947.
8468:
8459:
8450:
8441:
8427:
8418:
8409:
8400:
8393:
8373:
8364:
8347:
8338:
8324:
8315:
8309:McKay, James,
8302:
8300:Hughes, 279â80
8293:
8284:
8275:
8257:
8244:
8235:
8226:
8217:
8205:
8193:
8177:
8175:(2008), pp. 64
8161:
8148:
8135:
8112:
8096:
8083:
8064:
8044:
8030:
8015:
7998:
7973:
7958:
7935:
7910:
7903:
7885:
7850:
7843:
7823:
7780:
7773:
7755:
7742:
7729:
7701:
7675:
7662:
7649:
7640:
7631:
7622:
7613:
7592:
7571:
7550:
7529:
7508:
7487:
7466:
7453:
7440:
7419:
7398:
7377:
7348:
7327:
7318:
7309:
7300:
7291:
7282:
7253:
7246:
7222:
7215:
7191:
7182:
7173:
7161:English Satire
7148:
7127:
7111:
7073:
7055:
7046:
7037:
7028:
7007:
6998:
6989:
6973:
6943:
6936:
6918:
6909:
6896:
6887:
6878:
6866:
6846:
6837:
6830:
6810:
6803:
6778:
6769:
6760:
6745:
6727:
6714:Cross-sections
6700:
6690:
6681:
6672:
6663:
6648:
6639:
6616:
6601:
6594:
6576:
6510:
6496:
6447:
6439:Ashton Nichols
6431:
6415:
6402:
6372:
6356:Britannica.com
6338:
6331:
6313:
6306:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6272:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6213:
6210:
6209:
6208:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6198:
6197:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6160:
6155:
6154:
6153:
6143:
6138:
6131:
6126:
6121:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6105:Utilitarianism
6102:
6097:
6090:
6089:Opposing terms
6087:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6068:
6065:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6030:Leon Plantinga
6027:
6025:Ashton Nichols
6022:
6020:Jean-Luc Nancy
6017:
6015:Anne K. Mellor
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5965:Jeffrey N. Cox
5962:
5960:James Chandler
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5925:Jacques Barzun
5922:
5917:
5912:
5910:Gerald Abraham
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5706:Brothers Grimm
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5681:Mihai Eminescu
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5636:Thomas Carlyle
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:Gonçalves Dias
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5560:
5549:
5542:
5540:
5525:
5518:
5516:
5500:
5493:
5491:
5488:St. Petersburg
5484:Russian Museum
5479:The Ninth Wave
5472:
5465:
5463:
5446:
5439:
5437:
5422:
5415:
5413:
5396:
5389:
5387:
5368:
5361:
5359:
5337:
5330:
5328:
5315:
5308:
5306:
5296:John Constable
5294:
5287:
5285:
5276:
5269:
5267:
5257:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5242:
5241:
5231:
5224:
5222:
5212:
5205:
5203:
5187:
5180:
5178:
5160:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5129:
5122:
5120:
5103:
5096:
5094:
5084:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5068:
5065:
5011:Polish culture
4967:Russian Empire
4965:, against the
4950:
4947:
4892:Brothers Grimm
4771:Main article:
4768:
4765:
4692:Romantic chess
4687:Romantic chess
4685:Main article:
4682:
4679:
4654:
4651:
4627:Thomas Carlyle
4619:
4618:Historiography
4616:
4578:Main article:
4575:
4572:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4539:
4532:
4530:
4520:Richard Wagner
4518:
4511:
4509:
4504:Giuseppe Verdi
4496:
4489:
4487:
4479:Hector Berlioz
4477:
4470:
4468:
4456:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4434:
4432:
4426:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4404:
4322:Franz Schubert
4269:Richard Wagner
4200:
4197:
4180:Henri Lefebvre
4172:Giuseppe Verdi
4168:Hector Berlioz
4135:Romantic music
4130:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4115:
4108:
4106:
4093:
4086:
4084:
4073:
4066:
4064:
4047:
4040:
4030:, explicit in
3847:Paul Delaroche
3809:
3808:
3796:
3789:
3787:
3775:
3768:
3766:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3735:Francisco Goya
3733:
3726:
3724:
3712:
3705:
3703:
3693:
3686:
3664:David d'Angers
3644:Antonio Canova
3605:Francisco Goya
3449:Claude Lorrain
3433:John Constable
3392:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3377:
3370:
3368:
3357:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3335:
3333:
3321:Royal Pavilion
3319:
3312:
3310:
3300:
3293:
3271:Palais Garnier
3236:, whose novel
3180:Royal Pavilion
3128:
3125:
3101:
3098:
3094:social realism
3058:(1850). Later
3014:Rip Van Winkle
3012:" (1820) and "
2998:To a Waterfowl
2992:(1 of 5), 1836
2965:
2962:
2931:Tobias Barreto
2899:Gonçalves Dias
2852:
2849:
2784:
2781:
2769:Jaime CortesĂŁo
2549:
2546:
2417:Main article:
2414:
2411:
2302:
2299:
2149:Main article:
2129:
2126:
2072:private estate
1921:Main article:
1918:
1915:
1907:Joanna Baillie
1863:(1779â1839).
1813:Auld Lang Syne
1803:(1759â96) and
1725:Main article:
1722:
1719:
1656:Mansfield Park
1327:Main article:
1324:
1321:
1293:Brothers Grimm
1252:Das Marmorbild
1229:Germanic myths
1115:
1112:
1084:Horace Walpole
1069:and the young
968:
965:
894:Essays in the
890:Arthur Lovejoy
825:
822:
818:Jacques Barzun
778:
775:
767:
766:
753:De l'Allemagne
744:
743:
695:
692:
632:argued in his
600:
597:
595:
592:
552:unconventional
483:historiography
459:
456:
393:Charles Darwin
343:
340:
338:
335:
281:deconstruction
211:affair of form
83:
82:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
18990:
18979:
18976:
18974:
18971:
18969:
18966:
18964:
18961:
18959:
18956:
18954:
18951:
18949:
18948:Art of Europe
18946:
18944:
18943:Art movements
18941:
18939:
18936:
18934:
18931:
18929:
18926:
18924:
18921:
18919:
18916:
18914:
18911:
18909:
18906:
18905:
18903:
18882:
18879:
18877:
18874:
18872:
18869:
18867:
18864:
18862:
18859:
18857:
18854:
18852:
18849:
18847:
18844:
18842:
18839:
18837:
18834:
18832:
18829:
18827:
18826:PROSUR/PROSUL
18824:
18822:
18819:
18817:
18814:
18812:
18809:
18807:
18804:
18802:
18799:
18797:
18794:
18792:
18789:
18787:
18784:
18782:
18779:
18777:
18774:
18772:
18769:
18767:
18764:
18762:
18759:
18757:
18754:
18752:
18749:
18747:
18744:
18742:
18739:
18737:
18734:
18732:
18729:
18727:
18724:
18722:
18721:Craiova Group
18719:
18717:
18714:
18712:
18709:
18707:
18704:
18702:
18699:
18697:
18694:
18692:
18689:
18687:
18684:
18682:
18679:
18677:
18674:
18672:
18669:
18667:
18664:
18662:
18659:
18657:
18654:
18652:
18649:
18647:
18644:
18642:
18639:
18637:
18636:ABCANZ Armies
18634:
18633:
18631:
18625:
18619:
18616:
18614:
18611:
18607:
18604:
18602:
18599:
18597:
18594:
18592:
18589:
18587:
18584:
18582:
18579:
18578:
18577:
18574:
18572:
18569:
18565:
18562:
18561:
18560:
18557:
18555:
18552:
18551:
18549:
18547:
18543:
18537:
18534:
18532:
18529:
18525:
18522:
18520:
18517:
18515:
18512:
18510:
18507:
18503:
18500:
18498:
18495:
18493:
18490:
18488:
18485:
18484:
18483:
18480:
18478:
18475:
18473:
18470:
18468:
18465:
18464:
18463:
18460:
18454:
18451:
18450:
18449:
18446:
18442:
18441:Protestantism
18439:
18435:
18432:
18431:
18430:
18427:
18423:
18420:
18419:
18418:
18415:
18411:
18407:
18404:
18403:
18402:
18399:
18398:
18397:
18394:
18393:
18392:
18389:
18388:
18386:
18384:
18380:
18372:
18369:
18368:
18367:
18364:
18362:
18361:Sovereigntism
18359:
18357:
18354:
18350:
18349:
18345:
18344:
18343:
18340:
18336:
18333:
18332:
18331:
18328:
18326:
18323:
18321:
18318:
18316:
18313:
18311:
18308:
18306:
18303:
18301:
18298:
18294:
18291:
18289:
18286:
18285:
18284:
18281:
18277:
18274:
18273:
18272:
18269:
18267:
18264:
18262:
18259:
18257:
18256:Scholasticism
18254:
18252:
18249:
18247:
18244:
18242:
18239:
18237:
18234:
18232:
18229:
18227:
18224:
18223:
18221:
18219:
18215:
18207:
18204:
18202:
18199:
18197:
18194:
18192:
18189:
18188:
18187:
18184:
18180:
18177:
18176:
18175:
18172:
18168:
18165:
18163:
18160:
18159:
18158:
18155:
18151:
18148:
18147:
18146:
18143:
18141:
18138:
18134:
18131:
18129:
18126:
18124:
18121:
18120:
18119:
18116:
18112:
18109:
18108:
18107:
18104:
18100:
18097:
18096:
18095:
18092:
18088:
18085:
18083:
18080:
18079:
18078:
18075:
18073:
18070:
18068:
18065:
18063:
18060:
18056:
18053:
18052:
18051:
18048:
18046:
18043:
18039:
18036:
18035:
18034:
18031:
18027:
18024:
18023:
18022:
18019:
18015:
18012:
18011:
18010:
18007:
18005:
18002:
17998:
17995:
17994:
17993:
17990:
17988:
17985:
17981:
17978:
17976:
17973:
17971:
17968:
17967:
17966:
17963:
17962:
17960:
17958:
17954:
17946:
17945:War on terror
17943:
17941:
17938:
17937:
17936:
17933:
17929:
17926:
17924:
17921:
17919:
17916:
17914:
17911:
17909:
17906:
17904:
17901:
17899:
17896:
17894:
17891:
17889:
17886:
17884:
17881:
17879:
17876:
17874:
17871:
17869:
17866:
17864:
17861:
17859:
17856:
17854:
17851:
17849:
17846:
17844:
17841:
17840:
17839:
17838:Modern period
17836:
17834:
17831:
17827:
17824:
17822:
17819:
17817:
17814:
17813:
17812:
17809:
17805:
17802:
17801:
17800:
17797:
17795:
17792:
17791:
17789:
17787:
17783:
17777:
17774:
17772:
17769:
17767:
17764:
17762:
17759:
17753:
17750:
17748:
17745:
17744:
17743:
17740:
17738:
17735:
17733:
17730:
17728:
17725:
17724:
17723:
17720:
17718:
17715:
17713:
17710:
17709:
17707:
17703:
17699:
17695:
17694:Western world
17688:
17683:
17681:
17676:
17674:
17669:
17668:
17665:
17653:
17650:
17648:
17645:
17644:
17641:
17635:
17632:
17630:
17627:
17625:
17622:
17620:
17617:
17615:
17614:Media studies
17612:
17610:
17607:
17605:
17602:
17600:
17597:
17595:
17592:
17590:
17587:
17585:
17582:
17580:
17579:Will to power
17577:
17575:
17572:
17570:
17567:
17565:
17562:
17560:
17557:
17555:
17552:
17550:
17547:
17545:
17542:
17540:
17537:
17535:
17532:
17530:
17527:
17525:
17522:
17520:
17517:
17515:
17512:
17510:
17507:
17505:
17504:Leap of faith
17502:
17500:
17497:
17495:
17492:
17490:
17487:
17485:
17482:
17480:
17477:
17475:
17472:
17470:
17467:
17465:
17462:
17460:
17457:
17455:
17452:
17450:
17447:
17445:
17442:
17440:
17437:
17435:
17432:
17430:
17427:
17425:
17424:
17420:
17416:
17413:
17411:
17408:
17406:
17403:
17402:
17401:
17398:
17396:
17393:
17391:
17388:
17386:
17383:
17381:
17378:
17376:
17373:
17371:
17368:
17366:
17363:
17361:
17358:
17356:
17353:
17352:
17350:
17346:
17340:
17339:Structuralism
17337:
17335:
17332:
17330:
17327:
17323:
17320:
17319:
17318:
17315:
17313:
17310:
17308:
17307:Postmodernism
17305:
17303:
17302:Phenomenology
17300:
17298:
17295:
17293:
17290:
17288:
17285:
17281:
17278:
17276:
17273:
17272:
17271:
17268:
17266:
17263:
17261:
17258:
17256:
17253:
17251:
17248:
17246:
17243:
17241:
17238:
17236:
17233:
17231:
17228:
17227:
17225:
17221:
17215:
17212:
17210:
17207:
17205:
17202:
17200:
17197:
17195:
17192:
17190:
17187:
17185:
17182:
17180:
17177:
17175:
17172:
17170:
17167:
17165:
17162:
17160:
17157:
17155:
17152:
17150:
17147:
17145:
17142:
17140:
17137:
17135:
17132:
17130:
17127:
17125:
17122:
17120:
17117:
17115:
17114:Merleau-Ponty
17112:
17110:
17107:
17105:
17102:
17100:
17097:
17095:
17092:
17090:
17087:
17085:
17082:
17080:
17077:
17075:
17072:
17070:
17067:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17055:
17052:
17050:
17047:
17045:
17042:
17040:
17037:
17035:
17032:
17030:
17027:
17025:
17022:
17020:
17017:
17015:
17012:
17010:
17007:
17005:
17002:
17000:
16997:
16995:
16992:
16990:
16987:
16985:
16982:
16980:
16977:
16975:
16972:
16970:
16967:
16965:
16962:
16960:
16957:
16955:
16952:
16950:
16947:
16945:
16942:
16940:
16937:
16935:
16932:
16930:
16927:
16925:
16922:
16920:
16917:
16915:
16912:
16910:
16907:
16905:
16902:
16900:
16897:
16895:
16892:
16890:
16887:
16885:
16882:
16880:
16877:
16875:
16872:
16870:
16867:
16865:
16862:
16860:
16857:
16855:
16852:
16850:
16847:
16845:
16842:
16840:
16837:
16835:
16832:
16830:
16827:
16825:
16822:
16820:
16817:
16815:
16812:
16810:
16807:
16805:
16802:
16800:
16797:
16795:
16792:
16791:
16789:
16785:
16781:
16774:
16769:
16767:
16762:
16760:
16755:
16754:
16751:
16739:
16729:
16727:
16724:
16722:
16719:
16717:
16714:
16713:
16710:
16704:
16703:Theory of art
16701:
16699:
16696:
16694:
16691:
16689:
16686:
16684:
16681:
16679:
16676:
16674:
16671:
16669:
16666:
16664:
16661:
16659:
16656:
16654:
16651:
16649:
16646:
16644:
16641:
16640:
16638:
16634:
16625:
16624:
16620:
16615:
16614:
16610:
16605:
16604:
16600:
16594:
16590:
16584:
16580:
16575:
16574:
16570:
16565:
16564:
16560:
16554:
16550:
16545:
16544:
16540:
16535:
16534:
16530:
16525:
16524:
16520:
16515:
16514:
16510:
16505:
16504:
16500:
16495:
16494:
16493:Hippias Major
16490:
16489:
16487:
16483:
16477:
16474:
16472:
16469:
16467:
16464:
16462:
16459:
16457:
16454:
16452:
16449:
16447:
16444:
16442:
16441:
16437:
16435:
16432:
16430:
16427:
16425:
16422:
16420:
16417:
16415:
16412:
16410:
16407:
16405:
16402:
16400:
16399:
16395:
16393:
16390:
16388:
16385:
16383:
16380:
16378:
16375:
16373:
16370:
16368:
16365:
16363:
16360:
16358:
16355:
16353:
16352:Entertainment
16350:
16348:
16345:
16343:
16340:
16338:
16335:
16333:
16330:
16328:
16325:
16323:
16320:
16318:
16315:
16313:
16310:
16308:
16305:
16301:
16298:
16296:
16293:
16292:
16291:
16288:
16286:
16283:
16281:
16278:
16276:
16275:Art manifesto
16273:
16271:
16268:
16266:
16265:Appropriation
16263:
16262:
16260:
16256:
16250:
16249:
16245:
16243:
16240:
16238:
16235:
16233:
16230:
16228:
16225:
16223:
16220:
16218:
16215:
16213:
16210:
16208:
16205:
16203:
16200:
16198:
16195:
16193:
16190:
16188:
16185:
16183:
16180:
16178:
16175:
16173:
16170:
16168:
16165:
16163:
16160:
16158:
16157:Merleau-Ponty
16155:
16153:
16150:
16148:
16145:
16143:
16140:
16138:
16135:
16133:
16130:
16128:
16125:
16123:
16120:
16118:
16115:
16113:
16110:
16108:
16105:
16103:
16100:
16098:
16095:
16093:
16090:
16088:
16085:
16083:
16080:
16078:
16075:
16073:
16070:
16068:
16065:
16063:
16060:
16058:
16055:
16053:
16050:
16048:
16045:
16043:
16040:
16038:
16035:
16033:
16030:
16028:
16025:
16023:
16020:
16018:
16015:
16013:
16010:
16008:
16005:
16003:
16000:
15998:
15995:
15993:
15990:
15988:
15985:
15983:
15980:
15978:
15975:
15973:
15972:Abhinavagupta
15970:
15969:
15967:
15963:
15957:
15956:
15952:
15950:
15947:
15945:
15942:
15940:
15937:
15935:
15932:
15930:
15927:
15925:
15924:Postmodernism
15922:
15920:
15917:
15915:
15912:
15910:
15907:
15905:
15902:
15900:
15897:
15895:
15892:
15890:
15887:
15885:
15882:
15881:
15879:
15875:
15869:
15866:
15864:
15861:
15859:
15856:
15854:
15851:
15849:
15846:
15844:
15841:
15839:
15836:
15834:
15831:
15829:
15826:
15824:
15821:
15819:
15816:
15815:
15813:
15809:
15805:
15798:
15793:
15791:
15786:
15784:
15779:
15778:
15775:
15763:
15755:
15754:
15751:
15745:
15742:
15740:
15739:
15735:
15733:
15730:
15728:
15725:
15723:
15720:
15718:
15715:
15713:
15710:
15708:
15705:
15703:
15700:
15696:
15693:
15691:
15688:
15687:
15686:
15683:
15681:
15678:
15676:
15673:
15671:
15668:
15666:
15663:
15661:
15658:
15656:
15653:
15649:
15646:
15644:
15641:
15640:
15639:
15636:
15634:
15631:
15629:
15628:Fantastic art
15626:
15624:
15621:
15617:
15614:
15612:
15609:
15607:
15604:
15602:
15599:
15598:
15597:
15596:Christian art
15594:
15592:
15589:
15587:
15584:
15582:
15579:
15575:
15572:
15571:
15570:
15567:
15565:
15562:
15561:
15559:
15555:
15545:
15542:
15540:
15537:
15535:
15532:
15528:
15525:
15523:
15520:
15519:
15518:
15515:
15513:
15510:
15508:
15505:
15503:
15500:
15498:
15497:Skeuomorphism
15495:
15493:
15490:
15488:
15485:
15483:
15480:
15478:
15475:
15473:
15470:
15468:
15465:
15463:
15460:
15458:
15457:Massurrealism
15455:
15453:
15452:Lightpainting
15450:
15448:
15445:
15443:
15440:
15436:
15435:Post-Internet
15433:
15432:
15431:
15428:
15426:
15423:
15421:
15418:
15416:
15413:
15409:
15406:
15405:
15404:
15401:
15399:
15396:
15394:
15391:
15389:
15386:
15384:
15381:
15379:
15376:
15372:
15369:
15368:
15367:
15364:
15362:
15359:
15357:
15354:
15352:
15349:
15347:
15344:
15342:
15339:
15337:
15334:
15332:
15329:
15328:
15326:
15320:
15314:
15311:
15309:
15308:Grunge design
15306:
15304:
15301:
15299:
15296:
15294:
15291:
15289:
15286:
15284:
15281:
15279:
15276:
15274:
15271:
15269:
15266:
15264:
15263:Retrofuturism
15261:
15259:
15258:Scratch video
15256:
15254:
15251:
15249:
15246:
15244:
15243:Memphis Group
15241:
15239:
15236:
15234:
15231:
15229:
15226:
15224:
15221:
15219:
15218:Telematic art
15216:
15214:
15211:
15209:
15208:Guerrilla art
15206:
15204:
15201:
15197:
15194:
15193:
15192:
15189:
15187:
15184:
15182:
15179:
15177:
15174:
15170:
15167:
15166:
15165:
15162:
15160:
15159:Endurance art
15157:
15155:
15152:
15150:
15147:
15145:
15142:
15140:
15137:
15136:
15134:
15130:
15124:
15121:
15119:
15116:
15114:
15111:
15109:
15106:
15104:
15101:
15097:
15094:
15093:
15092:
15089:
15087:
15084:
15082:
15079:
15077:
15074:
15072:
15069:
15067:
15064:
15062:
15059:
15057:
15054:
15052:
15049:
15047:
15044:
15042:
15039:
15037:
15034:
15032:
15029:
15027:
15024:
15022:
15019:
15017:
15014:
15012:
15009:
15007:
15004:
15002:
14999:
14997:
14994:
14992:
14989:
14987:
14984:
14982:
14979:
14977:
14974:
14972:
14969:
14967:
14964:
14962:
14959:
14957:
14954:
14950:
14947:
14946:
14945:
14942:
14940:
14937:
14935:
14932:
14930:
14927:
14925:
14922:
14920:
14917:
14916:
14914:
14910:
14904:
14901:
14899:
14896:
14894:
14891:
14887:
14884:
14882:
14879:
14878:
14877:
14874:
14870:
14867:
14866:
14865:
14862:
14860:
14857:
14855:
14852:
14850:
14847:
14845:
14842:
14840:
14837:
14835:
14832:
14830:
14827:
14825:
14822:
14820:
14819:New media art
14817:
14813:
14810:
14809:
14808:
14805:
14803:
14800:
14798:
14797:Nanyang Style
14795:
14793:
14790:
14788:
14785:
14783:
14780:
14778:
14775:
14771:
14768:
14766:
14763:
14761:
14758:
14756:
14753:
14752:
14751:
14748:
14746:
14743:
14741:
14738:
14734:
14731:
14730:
14729:
14728:Visionary art
14726:
14722:
14719:
14718:
14717:
14714:
14712:
14709:
14708:
14706:
14702:
14699:
14695:
14690:
14686:
14676:
14673:
14671:
14668:
14666:
14663:
14661:
14658:
14654:
14651:
14650:
14649:
14646:
14644:
14641:
14637:
14634:
14632:
14629:
14628:
14627:
14624:
14620:
14617:
14616:
14615:
14612:
14610:
14607:
14605:
14602:
14600:
14597:
14595:
14594:Scuola Romana
14592:
14590:
14587:
14585:
14584:
14580:
14578:
14575:
14573:
14570:
14568:
14565:
14561:
14558:
14556:
14553:
14552:
14551:
14548:
14546:
14543:
14541:
14538:
14536:
14533:
14531:
14528:
14526:
14523:
14521:
14520:Anthropophagy
14518:
14516:
14513:
14509:
14506:
14505:
14504:
14503:Functionalism
14501:
14499:
14496:
14494:
14491:
14489:
14486:
14484:
14481:
14477:
14474:
14473:
14472:
14469:
14465:
14462:
14460:
14457:
14456:
14455:
14452:
14448:
14445:
14444:
14443:
14440:
14438:
14435:
14431:
14430:
14426:
14425:
14424:
14423:Neoplasticism
14421:
14419:
14416:
14414:
14411:
14405:
14402:
14401:
14400:
14397:
14396:
14395:
14392:
14390:
14387:
14385:
14382:
14380:
14377:
14375:
14372:
14371:
14369:
14365:
14359:
14356:
14354:
14351:
14349:
14346:
14344:
14341:
14339:
14336:
14334:
14331:
14327:
14326:Cubo-Futurism
14324:
14323:
14322:
14319:
14317:
14314:
14312:
14311:
14307:
14303:
14300:
14298:
14295:
14294:
14293:
14290:
14286:
14285:Ashcan School
14283:
14282:
14281:
14278:
14276:
14273:
14271:
14268:
14264:
14261:
14259:
14256:
14255:
14254:
14253:Expressionism
14251:
14249:
14246:
14244:
14241:
14239:
14238:Mir iskusstva
14236:
14234:
14231:
14227:
14224:
14222:
14219:
14217:
14214:
14212:
14209:
14208:
14207:
14204:
14202:
14199:
14197:
14194:
14192:
14189:
14185:
14182:
14181:
14180:
14177:
14176:
14174:
14170:
14164:
14161:
14157:
14154:
14153:
14152:
14149:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14132:
14130:
14127:
14125:
14122:
14120:
14117:
14113:
14110:
14109:
14108:
14105:
14104:
14103:
14100:
14098:
14095:
14093:
14090:
14086:
14083:
14081:
14078:
14077:
14076:
14073:
14071:
14068:
14066:
14063:
14059:
14056:
14055:
14054:
14051:
14049:
14046:
14042:
14039:
14037:
14034:
14032:
14029:
14025:
14024:Boston School
14022:
14020:
14019:Hoosier Group
14017:
14016:
14015:
14012:
14011:
14010:
14009:Impressionism
14007:
14005:
14004:Peredvizhniki
14002:
14000:
13997:
13995:
13994:Beuron School
13992:
13988:
13985:
13984:
13983:
13982:
13978:
13976:
13973:
13971:
13968:
13964:
13961:
13960:
13959:
13956:
13955:
13953:
13949:
13946:
13942:
13938:
13928:
13925:
13921:
13918:
13914:
13911:
13910:
13909:
13908:Munich School
13906:
13905:
13904:
13901:
13895:
13892:
13891:
13890:
13887:
13885:
13882:
13880:
13877:
13876:
13875:
13872:
13870:
13867:
13863:
13860:
13859:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13850:
13848:
13845:
13843:
13840:
13834:
13831:
13830:
13829:
13826:
13824:
13821:
13819:
13816:
13814:
13811:
13809:
13806:
13804:
13801:
13799:
13796:
13794:
13791:
13789:
13786:
13785:
13784:
13781:
13780:
13778:
13774:
13768:
13760:
13757:
13755:
13752:
13751:
13750:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13722:
13719:
13718:
13717:
13714:
13713:
13711:
13707:Art borrowing
13705:
13697:
13694:
13690:
13687:
13685:
13682:
13680:
13677:
13676:
13675:
13672:
13670:
13667:
13666:
13665:
13662:
13658:
13657:Company style
13655:
13653:
13650:
13646:
13643:
13641:
13638:
13637:
13636:
13633:
13632:
13630:
13624:
13621:
13620:
13619:
13616:
13614:
13611:
13610:
13609:
13605:
13604:
13602:
13598:
13592:
13589:
13585:
13582:
13580:
13577:
13575:
13572:
13570:
13567:
13565:
13564:
13560:
13559:
13558:
13557:Neoclassicism
13555:
13551:
13550:
13546:
13544:
13541:
13539:
13536:
13534:
13531:
13529:
13526:
13525:
13524:
13521:
13520:
13518:
13514:
13506:
13503:
13501:
13498:
13497:
13496:
13493:
13491:
13488:
13486:
13483:
13479:
13476:
13475:
13474:
13471:
13469:
13466:
13464:
13461:
13459:
13456:
13452:
13449:
13447:
13444:
13440:
13437:
13435:
13432:
13431:
13430:
13427:
13425:
13422:
13420:
13417:
13416:
13415:
13412:
13411:
13409:
13405:
13399:
13396:
13394:
13391:
13389:
13386:
13384:
13383:Cretan School
13381:
13377:
13374:
13373:
13372:
13369:
13363:
13360:
13358:
13355:
13353:
13350:
13349:
13348:
13345:
13341:
13340:Danube school
13338:
13336:
13333:
13332:
13331:
13328:
13326:
13323:
13321:
13318:
13314:
13311:
13310:
13309:
13306:
13305:
13304:
13301:
13295:
13294:
13289:
13287:
13284:
13282:
13279:
13277:
13274:
13273:
13272:
13269:
13265:
13262:
13260:
13257:
13255:
13252:
13251:
13250:
13247:
13243:
13242:
13238:
13236:
13233:
13231:
13228:
13227:
13226:
13223:
13222:
13221:
13218:
13217:
13215:
13213:
13209:
13201:
13200:
13196:
13194:
13191:
13189:
13186:
13185:
13184:
13180:
13178:
13175:
13171:
13168:
13167:
13166:
13163:
13161:
13158:
13156:
13153:
13151:
13148:
13144:
13141:
13139:
13136:
13134:
13131:
13130:
13129:
13126:
13124:
13123:
13119:
13115:
13112:
13111:
13110:
13107:
13103:
13100:
13098:
13095:
13094:
13093:
13090:
13088:
13085:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13067:
13066:
13063:
13059:
13056:
13054:
13051:
13049:
13046:
13044:
13041:
13040:
13039:
13036:
13034:
13031:
13027:
13026:
13022:
13021:
13020:
13017:
13015:
13012:
13010:
13007:
13003:
13000:
12998:
12995:
12993:
12990:
12988:
12985:
12983:
12980:
12979:
12978:
12975:
12971:
12968:
12967:
12966:
12963:
12959:
12956:
12955:
12954:
12951:
12950:
12948:
12946:
12942:
12934:
12931:
12929:
12926:
12924:
12921:
12919:
12916:
12914:
12911:
12909:
12906:
12905:
12904:
12901:
12899:
12896:
12894:
12891:
12889:
12886:
12884:
12881:
12875:
12872:
12868:
12865:
12864:
12863:
12860:
12858:
12855:
12854:
12853:
12850:
12848:
12845:
12843:
12840:
12838:
12835:
12833:
12830:
12828:
12825:
12823:
12820:
12818:
12817:Orientalizing
12815:
12813:
12810:
12808:
12805:
12803:
12802:Sub-Mycenaean
12800:
12799:
12798:
12795:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12772:
12771:
12768:
12766:
12763:
12759:
12756:
12755:
12754:
12751:
12750:
12748:
12746:
12742:
12739:
12733:
12729:
12725:
12720:
12716:art movements
12715:
12711:
12707:
12700:
12695:
12693:
12688:
12686:
12681:
12680:
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11372:
11369:
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11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
11349:
11347:
11346:Nikolai Gogol
11344:
11342:
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11317:
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11197:
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11190:
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11186:
11184:
11180:
11174:
11171:
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11166:
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11139:
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11130:
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11123:
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11118:
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11113:
11110:
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11105:
11104:
11102:
11098:
11092:
11089:
11087:
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11079:
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11028:
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11023:
11021:
11018:
11016:
11013:
11011:
11008:
11006:
11003:
11002:
11000:
10998:
10994:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10977:P. B. Shelley
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10957:Mary Robinson
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10874:
10872:
10870:
10864:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10813:
10810:
10808:
10805:
10803:
10800:
10798:
10795:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10753:
10750:
10749:
10747:
10743:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10686:Chateaubriand
10684:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10673:
10671:
10669:
10665:
10659:
10656:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10604:
10601:
10599:
10596:
10594:
10591:
10590:
10588:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10575:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10563:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10549:
10547:
10544:
10542:
10539:
10537:
10534:
10532:
10529:
10527:
10524:
10522:
10519:
10517:
10516:
10515:Mal du siĂšcle
10512:
10510:
10507:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10494:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10482:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10467:
10465:
10461:
10455:
10452:
10450:
10447:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10434:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10421:
10420:
10416:
10415:
10414:
10411:
10409:
10406:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10359:
10356:
10354:
10351:
10349:
10346:
10344:
10341:
10339:
10336:
10335:
10333:
10329:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10266:
10264:
10260:
10256:
10249:
10244:
10242:
10237:
10235:
10230:
10229:
10226:
10220:
10219:
10215:
10213:
10212:
10208:
10205:
10204:
10200:
10198:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10185:
10184:"Romanticism"
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10169:
10165:
10162:
10159:
10158:
10148:
10144:
10141:
10137:
10134:
10130:
10126:
10122:
10119:
10116:
10115:0-521-64439-9
10112:
10111:0-521-64299-X
10108:
10104:
10103:
10098:
10095:
10091:
10088:
10084:
10080:
10076:
10073:
10069:
10066:
10065:0-674-77933-9
10062:
10058:
10054:
10051:
10049:
10045:
10041:
10037:
10034:
10031:
10027:
10023:
10019:
10017:
10013:
10012:0-393-95196-0
10009:
10005:
10001:
9998:
9995:
9991:
9988:
9984:
9981:
9977:
9972:
9968:
9964:
9961:
9957:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9946:0-06-430089-7
9943:
9942:0-06-433336-1
9939:
9935:
9931:
9929:
9925:
9921:
9917:
9913:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9898:
9896:
9892:
9889:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9863:
9862:3-476-41008-0
9859:
9855:
9851:
9850:3-7618-1109-8
9847:
9843:
9839:
9835:
9832:
9828:
9824:
9820:
9817:
9814:
9810:
9806:
9802:
9799:
9795:
9792:
9788:
9785:
9784:3-492-00539-X
9781:
9777:
9773:
9772:0-521-27841-4
9769:
9768:0-521-26115-5
9765:
9761:
9757:
9754:
9750:
9749:0-520-06748-7
9746:
9745:0-520-03679-4
9742:
9738:
9734:
9730:
9726:
9723:
9720:
9716:
9713:
9709:
9705:
9701:
9698:
9694:
9691:
9687:
9684:
9683:0-89009-707-0
9680:
9676:
9672:
9669:
9665:
9664:0-7641-5136-3
9661:
9657:
9653:
9649:
9643:
9639:
9633:
9629:
9626:
9622:
9619:
9618:0-691-08662-1
9615:
9611:
9607:
9604:
9600:
9596:
9592:
9589:
9585:
9582:
9579:
9575:
9572:
9571:0-19-501471-5
9568:
9564:
9560:
9559:
9551:
9548:
9540:
9537:February 2024
9530:
9529:editing guide
9524:
9520:
9515:
9506:
9505:
9493:
9489:
9486:
9482:
9478:
9474:
9471:
9470:
9465:
9464:
9460:
9457:
9452:
9449:
9448:0-19-866212-2
9445:
9441:
9437:
9434:
9430:
9426:
9422:
9419:
9415:
9411:
9410:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9399:
9394:
9390:
9387:
9384:
9380:
9377:
9373:
9371:9782854951172
9367:
9363:
9358:
9355:
9351:
9350:Stanley Sadie
9347:
9343:
9339:
9333:
9329:
9324:
9321:
9320:0-521-66965-0
9317:
9316:0-521-66015-7
9313:
9309:
9305:
9302:
9301:0-14-056120-X
9298:
9294:
9290:
9287:
9284:
9280:
9277:
9273:
9269:
9266:
9262:
9259:
9258:
9253:
9252:
9248:
9245:
9240:
9237:
9233:
9230:
9229:
9224:
9220:
9217:
9216:0-394-58028-1
9213:
9209:
9205:
9202:
9199:
9195:
9192:
9189:
9185:
9182:
9179:
9175:
9172:
9168:
9165:
9162:
9158:
9154:
9150:
9149:
9144:
9140:
9137:
9133:
9130:
9127:
9123:
9119:
9115:
9112:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9099:
9096:
9092:
9091:0-253-20869-6
9088:
9084:
9083:
9079:
9076:
9071:
9068:
9065:
9061:
9060:0-415-08378-8
9057:
9053:
9049:
9046:
9042:
9039:
9035:
9034:0-521-35685-7
9031:
9027:
9026:0-521-35602-4
9023:
9019:
9015:
9012:
9011:1-84413-421-0
9008:
9004:
9003:0-09-936711-4
9000:
8996:
8995:0-7474-0404-6
8992:
8988:
8987:0-370-31117-5
8984:
8980:
8976:
8973:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8959:
8955:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8940:
8937:
8933:
8929:
8926:
8923:
8920:(ed.). 1986.
8919:
8918:Bloom, Harold
8916:
8913:
8912:0-7195-4789-X
8909:
8905:
8901:
8898:
8895:
8891:
8887:
8885:
8880:
8877:
8874:
8870:
8867:
8863:
8860:
8856:
8853:
8852:
8841:
8840:0-393-97636-X
8837:
8833:
8827:
8811:
8810:
8803:
8797:
8796:0-691-06722-8
8793:
8789:
8786:Maria Tatar,
8783:
8767:
8763:
8756:
8748:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8721:
8713:
8707:
8703:
8699:
8698:
8693:
8687:
8673:
8669:
8662:
8654:
8648:
8644:
8639:
8638:
8629:
8623:(2006) p. 161
8622:
8616:
8608:
8602:
8599:. Routledge.
8598:
8597:
8589:
8582:
8581:
8574:
8566:
8560:
8556:
8555:
8547:
8540:
8536:
8530:
8523:
8517:
8511:Wehnert 1998.
8508:
8499:
8490:
8484:Warrack 2002.
8481:
8472:
8463:
8454:
8445:
8436:
8434:
8432:
8422:
8413:
8404:
8396:
8394:1-85984-056-6
8390:
8386:
8385:
8377:
8368:
8361:
8357:
8351:
8342:
8334:
8328:
8319:
8312:
8306:
8297:
8288:
8279:
8271:
8270:metmuseum.org
8267:
8266:"Romanticism"
8261:
8254:
8248:
8239:
8230:
8221:
8214:
8209:
8203:, p. 92.
8202:
8197:
8190:
8184:
8182:
8174:
8168:
8166:
8159:(2008), p. 63
8158:
8152:
8145:
8139:
8133:
8129:
8126:
8122:
8116:
8109:
8103:
8101:
8093:
8087:
8071:
8067:
8061:
8057:
8056:
8048:
8040:
8034:
8026:
8019:
8012:
8008:
8002:
7987:
7983:
7977:
7969:
7965:
7961:
7955:
7951:
7944:
7942:
7940:
7924:
7920:
7914:
7906:
7900:
7896:
7889:
7881:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7866:(2): 190â95.
7865:
7861:
7854:
7846:
7840:
7836:
7835:
7827:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7796:(4): 803â12.
7795:
7791:
7784:
7776:
7770:
7766:
7759:
7753:(1965) p. 364
7752:
7746:
7739:
7733:
7717:
7716:
7711:
7705:
7689:
7685:
7679:
7672:
7666:
7660:(2002) p. 183
7659:
7653:
7644:
7635:
7626:
7617:
7611:, pp. 229â30.
7610:
7609:0-7486-2481-3
7606:
7602:
7596:
7589:
7588:0-7546-6446-5
7585:
7581:
7575:
7568:
7567:0-7546-6446-5
7564:
7560:
7554:
7547:
7546:0-631-23355-5
7543:
7539:
7533:
7526:
7525:0-8160-7496-8
7522:
7518:
7512:
7505:
7504:0-7453-1608-5
7501:
7497:
7494:N. Davidson,
7491:
7484:
7483:0-7546-6142-3
7480:
7476:
7470:
7463:
7457:
7450:
7444:
7437:
7436:0-8264-6135-2
7433:
7429:
7423:
7416:
7415:0-06-055888-1
7412:
7408:
7402:
7395:
7394:0-06-055888-1
7391:
7387:
7381:
7373:
7369:
7368:
7361:
7357:
7352:
7345:
7341:
7340:Stanley Wells
7337:
7331:
7322:
7313:
7304:
7295:
7286:
7280:
7276:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7264:
7257:
7249:
7243:
7239:
7238:13â14, 218â19
7235:
7234:
7226:
7218:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7203:
7195:
7186:
7177:
7170:
7166:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7137:
7131:
7124:
7120:
7115:
7108:
7104:
7100:
7096:
7095:Isaiah Berlin
7092:
7091:0-7126-6492-0
7088:
7084:
7083:
7077:
7069:
7067:
7064:"Linda Simon
7059:
7053:Berlin, 57â58
7050:
7041:
7032:
7025:
7021:
7020:Samuel Palmer
7017:
7011:
7002:
6993:
6986:
6980:
6978:
6970:
6969:0-300-06365-2
6966:
6962:
6961:
6957:
6954:
6947:
6939:
6933:
6929:
6922:
6913:
6906:
6900:
6891:
6882:
6873:
6871:
6863:
6858:
6857:
6850:
6841:
6833:
6827:
6823:
6822:
6814:
6806:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6785:
6783:
6773:
6764:
6756:
6752:
6748:
6742:
6738:
6731:
6724:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6710:
6704:
6694:
6685:
6676:
6667:
6660:
6659:
6652:
6643:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6620:
6612:
6605:
6597:
6591:
6587:
6580:
6566:on 2022-11-14
6562:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6546:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6521:
6514:
6499:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6440:
6435:
6429:
6425:
6419:
6412:
6409:David Levin,
6406:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6376:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6351:
6342:
6334:
6332:0-87286-351-4
6328:
6324:
6317:
6309:
6303:
6299:
6292:
6288:
6271:
6268:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6180:Romantic hero
6178:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6135:Mal du siĂšcle
6132:
6130:
6127:
6125:
6122:
6120:
6117:
6116:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6067:Related terms
6064:
6063:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6040:Charles Rosen
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6010:Jerome McGann
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5975:Northrop Frye
5973:
5971:
5970:Carl Dahlhaus
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5940:Isaiah Berlin
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5841:Mary Robinson
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5716:Wilhelm Hauff
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5701:Nikolai Gogol
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5601:William Blake
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5541:
5538:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5509:
5503:
5497:
5492:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5469:
5464:
5461:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5443:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5414:
5411:
5410:St.Petersburg
5407:
5403:
5399:
5398:Isaac Levitan
5393:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5371:
5370:Karl Bryullov
5365:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5340:
5339:William Blake
5334:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5291:
5286:
5283:
5280:, 1814â1815,
5279:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5260:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5234:
5228:
5223:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5184:
5179:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5126:
5121:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5105:Joseph Wright
5100:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5086:Joseph Vernet
5081:
5076:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5033:individualist
5030:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4975:Russia's army
4968:
4964:
4960:
4955:
4946:
4944:
4943:Joseph Jacobs
4940:
4936:
4932:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4883:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4837:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4806:
4802:
4801:Fra Hardanger
4798:
4794:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4764:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4725:Immortal Game
4722:
4718:
4717:Louis Paulsen
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4697:
4693:
4688:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4581:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4542:
4541:Gustav Mahler
4536:
4531:
4521:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4474:
4469:
4459:
4453:
4448:
4444:
4438:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4386:neoclassicism
4383:
4382:expressionism
4379:
4378:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4310:periodization
4307:
4303:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4209:
4205:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:, "a sort of
4173:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4123:, before 1854
4122:
4118:
4112:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4095:William Blake
4090:
4085:
4081:
4080:
4074:Thomas Cole,
4070:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3954:. In Poland,
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3865:Palazzo Reale
3863:(1836â1850),
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3730:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3716:The Nightmare
3709:
3704:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3656:François Rude
3653:
3652:Rudolf Maison
3649:
3645:
3640:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3610:Enlightenment
3606:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3513:Neoclassicism
3509:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3490:Samuel Palmer
3487:
3486:William Blake
3480:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3453:Salvator Rosa
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3311:
3307:
3303:
3297:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3223:Hubert Robert
3220:
3219:Richard Mique
3216:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3200:Charles Barry
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3145:, especially
3144:
3140:
3134:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3106:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3028:noble savages
3025:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2964:United States
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2863:
2858:
2851:South America
2848:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2833:Enlightenment
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2809:Neoclassicism
2806:
2802:
2794:
2791:Italian poet
2789:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2617:Vila-Francada
2614:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2587:
2583:
2582:Neoclassicism
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2559:
2554:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2480:José Zorrilla
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2454:
2450:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2368:Eugene Onegin
2364:
2363:
2358:
2355:, 1820â1821;
2354:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2241:poeta wieszcz
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2223:irrationality
2220:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1959:autobiography
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1934:Ancien RĂ©gime
1930:
1924:
1914:
1913:Romanticism.
1912:
1908:
1904:
1903:closet dramas
1899:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1855:(1770â1835),
1854:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1821:Scots Wha Hae
1818:
1814:
1810:
1809:national poet
1806:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1756:Habbie stanza
1753:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1671:Brontë family
1668:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1596:György Lukåcs
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:, set in the
1536:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:orientalizing
1518:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1474:
1471:In contrast,
1466:
1465:
1460:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1413:Lake District
1410:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1383:William Blake
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1323:Great Britain
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1245:), 1817, and
1244:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:German Forest
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1102:, a novel by
1101:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1047:Thomas Warton
1044:
1040:
1039:Joseph Warton
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:Enlightenment
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
989:
988:
983:
979:
974:
964:
960:
957:
953:
950:in painting;
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
926:
922:
918:
917:Enlightenment
914:
910:
909:Chateaubriand
906:
902:
901:Robert Hughes
898:
897:
891:
885:
881:
880:
875:
871:
866:
861:
859:
855:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
821:
819:
815:
810:
805:
803:
799:
798:
793:
788:
784:
774:
772:
763:
762:
761:
759:
755:
754:
749:
741:
740:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
691:
689:
684:
679:
676:
672:
667:
665:
664:Isaiah Berlin
662:According to
657:
656:
651:
650:
645:
644:William Blake
641:
637:
635:
631:
627:
622:
616:
614:
610:
606:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
564:Enlightenment
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
485:, education,
484:
479:
477:
473:
469:
468:glorification
465:
464:individualism
455:
453:
452:conservatives
449:
444:
440:
436:
432:
426:
424:
420:
416:
415:working class
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:
349:
334:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
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270:
266:
261:
259:
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251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:individualism
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
138:
134:
130:
124:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
99:
98:
93:
89:
79:
69:
65:
61:
55:
54:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18871:Western Bloc
18671:AUSCANNZUKUS
18627:Contemporary
18576:Human rights
18422:Latin Church
18396:Christianity
18346:
18305:Conservatism
18150:contemporary
17987:Architecture
17923:World War II
17883:Emancipation
17878:Abolitionism
17872:
17766:Romanization
17761:Roman legacy
17742:Roman Empire
17544:Ressentiment
17429:Death of God
17421:
17415:Postcritique
17375:Authenticity
17328:
17265:Hermeneutics
17169:Schopenhauer
17074:LĂ©vi-Strauss
16787:Philosophers
16621:
16611:
16601:
16571:
16561:
16541:
16531:
16521:
16511:
16501:
16491:
16438:
16414:Magnificence
16396:
16246:
16212:Schopenhauer
16047:Coomaraswamy
15965:Philosophers
15953:
15938:
15884:Aestheticism
15738:Trompe-l'Ćil
15736:
15707:Outsider art
15660:Illustration
15616:Lutheran art
15606:Catholic art
15569:Abstract art
15539:Unilalianism
15502:Software art
15477:Neosymbolism
15467:Neo-futurism
15430:Internet art
15420:Hyperrealism
15273:Superfiction
15056:Photorealism
14924:Afrofuturism
14689:Contemporary
14665:Dimensionism
14648:Concrete art
14581:
14577:Precisionism
14427:
14374:Sosaku-hanga
14348:Productivism
14338:Metaphysical
14308:
14297:Proto-Cubism
14201:Secessionism
14163:Costumbrismo
14048:Aestheticism
13999:Hague School
13979:
13903:Academic art
13884:Costumbrismo
13852:Empire style
13689:Quito School
13684:Cusco School
13600:Colonial art
13561:
13549:FĂȘte galante
13547:
13516:18th century
13478:Delft School
13429:Caravaggisti
13407:17th century
13292:
13249:Quattrocento
13239:
13197:
13120:
13023:
12953:Late antique
12837:Severe style
12827:Black-figure
12714:Contemporary
12644:
12637:
12630:
12614:
12334:Porto-Alegre
11988:Philosophers
11872:Rachmaninoff
11321:Chavchavadze
11311:Baratashvili
11071:JoĂŁo de Deus
11040:Wincenty Pol
10832:KĂŒchelbecker
10560:
10526:Noble savage
10513:
10479:
10454:Wallenrodism
10431:
10417:
10348:Coppet group
10282:(literature)
10254:
10217:
10210:
10202:
10196:
10187:
10146:
10142:39â40: 1â34.
10139:
10124:
10100:
10093:
10078:
10071:
10056:
10039:
10021:
10003:
9993:
9986:
9979:
9966:
9959:
9952:
9933:
9903:
9894:
9887:
9873:
9837:
9822:
9804:
9797:
9790:
9775:
9759:
9752:
9728:
9718:
9703:
9696:
9689:
9674:
9655:
9637:
9631:
9624:
9609:
9594:
9587:
9577:
9562:
9543:
9534:
9522:
9491:
9476:
9467:
9454:
9439:
9432:
9428:
9424:
9407:
9396:
9393:Introduction
9392:
9382:
9361:
9354:John Tyrrell
9345:
9327:
9307:
9292:
9282:
9270:(in Polish)
9256:
9242:
9227:
9223:Anfam, David
9207:
9197:
9194:Honour, Hugh
9187:
9177:
9170:
9152:
9146:
9135:
9117:
9110:
9073:
9070:Eco, Umberto
9051:
9050:Day, Aidan.
9017:
8978:
8964:
8957:
8935:
8931:
8921:
8903:
8882:
8872:
8865:
8858:
8855:Adler, Guido
8831:
8830:Jack Zipes,
8826:
8814:. Retrieved
8808:
8802:
8787:
8782:
8770:. Retrieved
8766:the original
8755:
8730:
8726:
8720:
8696:
8686:
8675:. Retrieved
8671:
8661:
8636:
8628:
8620:
8615:
8595:
8588:
8578:
8573:
8553:
8546:
8538:
8534:
8529:
8521:
8516:
8507:
8498:
8489:
8480:
8471:
8462:
8453:
8444:
8439:Samson 2001.
8425:Grétre 1789.
8421:
8412:
8403:
8383:
8376:
8367:
8354:(in Polish)
8350:
8341:
8332:
8327:
8318:
8310:
8305:
8296:
8287:
8282:Novotny, 142
8278:
8269:
8260:
8252:
8247:
8238:
8229:
8220:
8208:
8196:
8188:
8172:
8156:
8151:
8138:
8120:
8115:
8107:
8091:
8086:
8074:. Retrieved
8054:
8047:
8038:
8033:
8024:
8018:
8006:
8001:
7990:. Retrieved
7985:
7976:
7949:
7927:. Retrieved
7922:
7913:
7894:
7888:
7863:
7859:
7853:
7833:
7826:
7793:
7789:
7783:
7764:
7758:
7750:
7745:
7740:(1997) p. 13
7737:
7732:
7720:. Retrieved
7713:
7704:
7692:. Retrieved
7688:the original
7678:
7670:
7665:
7657:
7652:
7647:Christiansen
7643:
7634:
7625:
7616:
7600:
7595:
7579:
7574:
7558:
7553:
7537:
7532:
7516:
7515:A. Maunder,
7511:
7495:
7490:
7474:
7469:
7461:
7456:
7448:
7447:D. Thomson,
7443:
7427:
7426:H. Gaskill,
7422:
7406:
7401:
7385:
7380:
7366:
7359:
7351:
7343:
7330:
7321:
7312:
7303:
7294:
7285:
7261:
7256:
7232:
7225:
7201:
7194:
7185:
7176:
7160:
7151:
7140:. Retrieved
7130:
7122:
7114:
7109:and organic,
7080:
7076:
7065:
7058:
7049:
7040:
7031:
7010:
7001:
6992:
6984:
6951:
6946:
6927:
6921:
6912:
6904:
6899:
6890:
6881:
6860:
6855:
6849:
6840:
6820:
6813:
6794:
6772:
6763:
6736:
6730:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6693:
6684:
6675:
6666:
6656:
6651:
6642:
6619:
6610:
6604:
6585:
6579:
6568:. Retrieved
6561:the original
6535:(4): 77â87.
6532:
6526:
6513:
6503:10 September
6501:. Retrieved
6471:
6450:
6442:
6434:
6423:
6418:
6410:
6405:
6394:. Retrieved
6390:the original
6385:
6375:
6364:. Retrieved
6360:the original
6355:
6349:
6341:
6322:
6316:
6297:
6291:
6269:
6218:Aestheticism
6162:
6133:
5985:Peter Kitson
5980:Maria Janion
5950:Harold Bloom
5945:Tim Blanning
5915:M. H. Abrams
5866:Mary Shelley
5861:Walter Scott
5826:Wincenty Pol
5626:Robert Burns
5611:Emily Brontë
5576:Castro Alves
5554:
5530:
5505:
5477:
5451:
5427:
5401:
5378:, 1833, The
5373:
5349:
5321:Eruption of
5320:
5301:The Hay Wain
5299:
5282:Gordale Scar
5281:
5262:
5236:
5217:
5192:
5165:
5134:
5108:
5089:
5044:
5037:Slavic pagan
5028:
5022:
4977:crushed the
4971:
4922:Vuk KaradĆŸiÄ
4911:
4901:
4895:
4885:
4880:
4872:
4838:
4831:
4810:
4800:
4785:
4753:minor pieces
4690:
4663:reductionism
4656:
4621:
4612:Humphry Davy
4589:
4583:
4565:
4561:
4527: 1870s
4502:Portrait of
4501:
4458:Daniel Auber
4395:
4389:
4375:
4367:
4357:
4354:Romantic era
4346:
4333:
4301:
4299:
4266:
4221:André Grétry
4216:
4213:
4185:
4164:
4156:Portrait of
4155:
4120:
4117:Louis Janmot
4098:
4075:
4058:
4052:
4031:
4024:noble savage
4017:
4015:
4010:
4007:W. C. Bryant
4002:
3980:
3976:late Baroque
3929:
3914:
3902:
3900:
3882:
3860:
3838:
3813:
3810:
3801:
3780:
3759:
3738:
3714:
3695:
3671:
3637:
3623:
3603:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3565:
3558:
3544:
3524:
3510:
3494:the Ancients
3483:
3471:
3457:late Baroque
3409:
3403:
3400:Thomas Jones
3268:
3237:
3231:
3204:
3177:
3163:
3155:Walter Scott
3136:
3127:Architecture
3122:
3118:
3107:
3103:
3087:
3076:Walt Whitman
3053:
3039:
3017:
2995:
2986:
2948:
2927:Castro Alves
2892:
2886:
2885:, who wrote
2879:
2868:
2836:
2804:
2798:
2758:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2714:
2701:
2697:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2661:courtly love
2644:
2640:
2636:
2631:("A Play by
2628:
2607:
2597:
2585:
2569:
2563:
2542:
2538:Rexurdimento
2507:
2503:Il trovatore
2501:
2490:José Cadalso
2483:
2482:, author of
2458:
2427:
2407:
2399:Anton Delvig
2394:
2386:
2376:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2325:, 1813) and
2322:
2318:
2310:
2304:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2256:
2245:
2239:
2219:emotionalism
2216:
2173:
2167:
2154:
2137:
2119:
2115:
2114:, 1830) and
2109:
2105:
2095:
2076:
2059:
2053:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2004:aide-de-camp
1985:
1974:
1961:
1952:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1895:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1875:Walter Scott
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1805:Walter Scott
1801:Robert Burns
1799:
1778:
1752:Allan Ramsay
1745:
1736:Robert Burns
1712:
1697:
1695:
1688:
1678:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1638:
1622:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1589:Thomas Moore
1585:Robert Burns
1574:
1568:Mary Shelley
1563:Frankenstein
1561:
1551:
1532:
1525:Byronic hero
1510:
1504:
1496:
1490:
1481:
1477:Walter Scott
1470:
1467:(1812â1818).
1462:
1459:Byronic hero
1442:Portrait of
1435:and others.
1422:
1416:
1406:
1403:Charles Lamb
1395:Mary Shelley
1391:Walter Scott
1356:
1348:
1340:
1314:
1308:
1286:
1276:
1256:
1250:
1242:
1238:Der Sandmann
1236:
1222:
1215:
1184:Ludwig Tieck
1137:
1131:
1123:
1097:
1087:
1080:Gothic novel
1071:Walter Scott
1036:
1012:supernatural
993:
985:
982:Henry Wallis
961:
929:
893:
888:
877:
863:
850:
827:
806:
795:
787:M. H. Abrams
780:
768:
751:
745:
735:
731:
721:
697:
683:M. H. Abrams
680:
668:
661:
653:
647:
633:
617:
602:
576:urbanization
541:
518:
502:conservatism
499:
480:
461:
427:
411:urbanization
407:conservative
396:
386:
351:
345:
328:
297:
293:anachronisms
269:experimental
262:
239:
219:supernatural
188:
160:subjectivity
152:Romantic era
151:
147:
143:
142:
136:
112:
95:
73:
63:
59:
51:
18908:Romanticism
18811:Open Balkan
18629:integration
18559:Rule of law
18554:Natural law
18531:Agnosticism
18509:Hellenistic
18487:Anglo-Saxon
18417:Catholicism
18356:Atlanticism
18261:Rationalism
18067:Immigration
18050:Esotericism
17908:World War I
17873:Romanticism
17853:Reformation
17833:Renaissance
17811:Middle Ages
17776:Christendom
17705:Foundations
17619:Film theory
17529:Ontopoetics
17434:Death drive
17410:Ideological
17329:Romanticism
17260:Hegelianism
17034:Kierkegaard
16894:Castoriadis
16854:de Beauvoir
16839:Baudrillard
16507:(c. 335 BC)
16497:(c. 390 BC)
16476:Work of art
16429:Picturesque
16285:Avant-garde
16242:Winckelmann
16117:Kierkegaard
16042:Collingwood
16012:Baudrillard
15939:Romanticism
15909:Historicism
15843:Mathematics
15623:Digital art
15586:Avant-garde
15527:Superstroke
15403:Flat design
15398:Fictive art
15393:Excessivism
15341:Art for art
15336:Altermodern
15278:Taring Padi
15213:Lowbrow art
15181:Pliontanism
15118:Yoru no Kai
15071:Process art
15011:Systems art
14981:Arte Povera
14903:Antipodeans
14812:in New York
14782:Jikken KĆbĆ
14745:Color field
14614:Regionalism
14583:Aeropittura
14572:Neo-Fauvism
14545:Neues Sehen
14515:Kinetic art
14379:Suprematism
14353:Synchromism
14270:Noucentisme
14191:Primitivism
14179:Art Nouveau
14134:Cloisonnism
14124:Pointillism
14119:Divisionism
14097:Incoherents
14058:Art pottery
13944:(1863â1944)
13894:Macchiaioli
13869:Biedermeier
13857:Historicism
13842:Orientalism
13783:Romanticism
13754:Akita ranga
13606:Art of the
13591:Picturesque
13543:Chinoiserie
13538:Frederician
13376:Tudor court
13271:Cinquecento
13212:Renaissance
13199:Mappa mundi
13183:cartography
13075:Carolingian
13070:Merovingian
13053:Palaeologan
13025:RepoblaciĂłn
12982:Anglo-Saxon
12913:Gallo-Roman
12852:Hellenistic
12847:Kerch style
12785:Minyan ware
12324:MichaĆowski
12156:Wackenroder
12121:F. Schlegel
12116:A. Schlegel
11892:Tchaikovsky
11781:Bortkiewicz
11653:R. Schumann
11648:C. Schumann
11613:Kalkbrenner
11582:Saint-Saëns
10887:Anne Brontë
10772:Eichendorff
10757:B. v. Arnim
10752:A. v. Arnim
10562:Weltschmerz
10521:Medievalism
10470:Blue flower
10398:Nationalist
10343:Bohemianism
10255:Romanticism
9934:Romanticism
9854:BĂ€renreiter
9052:Romanticism
7405:J. Buchan,
7384:J. Buchan,
7093:was one of
7005:Barzun, 469
6844:Ferber, 6â7
6646:Novotny, 96
6350:Romanticism
6095:The Academy
6045:René Wellek
6000:Paul de Man
5920:Donald Ault
5846:George Sand
5816:Laza KostiÄ
5736:Victor Hugo
5686:Ugo Foscolo
5621:Anne Brontë
5502:John Martin
5346: 1824
5175: 1812
5007:Christendom
4871:. The word
4749:checkmating
4747:, and then
4721:Paul Morphy
4465: 1868
4443:Franz Liszt
4342:nationalist
4330:Franz Liszt
4318:Guido Adler
4293:in 1838 by
4281:neoromantic
4250:Wackenroder
4104:, 1794â1795
4049:Thomas Cole
3991:Thomas Cole
3962:. In Italy
3907:John Martin
3892: 1840
3843:Paris Salon
3632:Pont d'IĂ©na
3581:(1824) and
3555:Paris Salon
3391:Visual arts
3385:(1875â1914)
3383:Paul Abadie
3366:(1861â1875)
3360:Paris Opera
3346:(1840â1880)
3331:(1815â1823)
3308:(1783â1785)
3283:Paul Abadie
3260:Carcassonne
3234:Victor Hugo
3159:eclecticism
3151:Victor Hugo
3143:Middle Ages
3111:New England
2983:Thomas Cole
2813:Ugo Foscolo
2750:JĂșlio Dinis
2633:Gil Vicente
2621:Shakespeare
2608:Ars Poetica
2572:(1825), by
2560:(1799â1854)
2445: 1845
2236:sovereignty
2193:nationalism
2175:Pan Tadeusz
2064:George Sand
2030:Victor Hugo
1996:Shakespeare
1845:(1818) and
1760:poetic form
1709:Edmund Kean
1705:Shakespeare
1659:(1814) and
1641:Jane Austen
1576:The Vampyre
1558:Lake Geneva
1455: 1813
1418:The Prelude
1316:The Robbers
1243:The Sandman
1145:nationalism
996:sensibility
671:Restoration
568:medievalism
556:rationalism
514:nationalism
435:film scores
419:World War I
358:rationality
289:World War I
265:Neoromantic
242:Middle Ages
164:imagination
144:Romanticism
137:The Morning
119:Orientalist
18902:Categories
18831:Rio Treaty
18342:Relativism
18300:Liberalism
18266:Empiricism
18218:Philosophy
18206:Secularism
18157:Philosophy
18094:Literature
17888:Capitalism
17574:Wertkritik
17479:Hauntology
17444:Difference
17439:Différance
17179:Sloterdijk
17049:KoĆakowski
16446:Recreation
16424:Perception
16317:Creativity
16017:Baumgarten
16007:Baudelaire
15889:Classicism
15804:Aesthetics
15670:Jewish art
15482:Passionism
15442:iPhone art
15388:Cyborg art
15383:Crypto art
15356:Brandalism
15248:Cyberdelic
15113:TropicĂĄlia
15086:Street art
15041:Intermedia
15021:Minimalism
14740:Spatialism
14694:Postmodern
14550:Surrealism
14418:Shin-hanga
14258:Die BrĂŒcke
14226:Sonderbund
14139:Synthetism
13862:Revivalism
13771:Transition
13728:Manichaean
13574:Adam style
13495:Classicism
13434:in Utrecht
13362:Still life
13092:Romanesque
13048:Macedonian
13043:Iconoclast
13002:Visigothic
12908:Republican
12862:Indo-Greek
12832:Red-figure
12199:Chassériau
12174:Aivazovsky
11882:Rubinstein
11867:Mussorgsky
11816:Wieniawski
11801:Paderewski
11643:Moszkowski
11426:Vörösmarty
11416:Shevchenko
11270:Longfellow
11194:Batyushkov
11189:Baratynsky
11158:Espronceda
11025:Mickiewicz
11020:Malczewski
10987:Wordsworth
10972:M. Shelley
10927:de Quincey
10792:GĂŒnderrode
10676:Baudelaire
10556:Wanderlust
10393:Lake Poets
9864:(Metzler).
9819:Gay, Peter
9521:" section
8834:, p. 846,
8816:19 January
8772:October 1,
8677:2021-04-20
7992:2018-04-03
7929:2018-04-03
7599:I. Brown,
7360:Table Talk
7336:Nahum Tate
7142:2010-08-24
7099:relativist
7035:Berlin, 57
6767:Berlin, 92
6570:2022-10-14
6557:1117709579
6528:Metafizika
6396:2014-05-14
6366:2010-08-24
6279:References
6100:Positivism
5746:John Keats
5631:Lord Byron
5317:J. C. Dahl
5278:James Ward
5057:alchemical
5053:theosophic
5015:partitions
4983:Nicholas I
4939:JĂžrgen Moe
4737:sacrifices
4713:Henry Bird
4608:empiricism
4306:musicology
4133:See also:
3974:and other
3911:final days
3662:in Paris,
3517:Napoleonic
3213:for Queen
3131:See also:
2855:See also:
2763:, such as
2692:as in the
2690:chronicles
2651:, life of
2641:Romanceiro
2534:Renaixença
2532:movements
2387:Silentium!
2060:Chatterton
2000:Wellington
1986:After the
1853:James Hogg
1662:Persuasion
1615:I puritani
1517:Grand Tour
1512:The Giaour
1473:Lord Byron
1444:Lord Byron
1429:Lake Poets
1387:John Clare
1375:Lord Byron
1371:John Keats
1341:(pictured)
1301:folk tales
1283:cornucopia
1200:Heidelberg
1020:psychology
1018:and human
971:See also:
967:Literature
709:vernacular
560:classicism
510:radicalism
506:liberalism
493:, and the
443:orchestral
405:to a more
316:philosophy
279:, and the
277:modern art
250:alienating
123:Lord Byron
18776:Five Eyes
18771:EUâUK TCA
18613:Democracy
18502:Old Norse
18391:Abrahamic
18348:Peritrope
18330:Tolerance
18310:Socialism
18140:Mythology
18128:Classical
18077:Languages
18055:Astrology
17903:Modernism
17717:Old World
17609:Semiotics
17604:Semantics
17589:Discourse
17469:Genealogy
17459:Facticity
17230:Absurdism
17159:Schelling
17129:Nietzsche
17004:Heidegger
16819:Bachelard
16804:Althusser
16451:Reverence
16357:Eroticism
16327:Depiction
16300:Masculine
16202:Santayana
16162:Nietzsche
16107:Hutcheson
16097:Heidegger
16082:Greenberg
16037:Coleridge
16002:Balthasar
15987:Aristotle
15949:Theosophy
15944:Symbolism
15919:Modernism
15904:Formalism
15732:Shock art
15722:Queer art
15702:NaĂŻve art
15685:Modernism
15517:Superflat
15507:Sound art
15487:Post-YBAs
15472:Neomodern
15313:Verdadism
15283:Superflat
15132:1970â1999
15096:in the US
15016:Video art
14939:Happening
14912:1960â1969
14704:1945â1959
14367:1915â1944
14358:Vorticism
14310:A Nyolcak
14172:1900â1914
14144:Les Nabis
14075:Symbolism
14031:Amsterdam
13981:Japonisme
13951:1863â1899
13913:in Greece
13773:to modern
13618:Caribbean
13563:Goût grec
13485:Capriccio
13439:Tenebrism
13388:Turquerie
13286:Mannerism
13181:Medieval
13038:Byzantine
13019:Mozarabic
12970:Ethiopian
12874:Neo-Attic
12857:"Baroque"
12842:Classical
12812:Geometric
12790:Mycenaean
12737:(Western)
12735:Premodern
12706:Premodern
12639:Modernism
12299:Kiprensky
12259:GĂ©ricault
12244:Friedrich
12234:Delacroix
12209:Constable
12189:Bonington
12179:Bierstadt
12131:Senancour
12106:Schelling
12061:Lamennais
12056:Khomyakov
12021:Coleridge
12016:Chaadayev
11923:StankoviÄ
11918:Mokranjac
11837:Balakirev
11796:Moniuszko
11745:Donizetti
11740:Cherubini
11638:Meyerbeer
11623:Marschner
11598:Beethoven
11511:Moscheles
11445:Musicians
11431:Wergeland
11396:Orbeliani
11351:Grundtvig
11255:Hawthorne
11224:Zhukovsky
11219:Vyazemsky
11204:Lermontov
11163:Gutiérrez
11122:RadiÄeviÄ
11086:Herculano
11010:KrasiĆski
10952:Radcliffe
10922:Coleridge
10897:E. Brontë
10892:C. Brontë
10822:Jean Paul
10817:Hölderlin
10706:Lamartine
10643:MagalhĂŁes
10633:GuimarĂŁes
10541:Pantheism
10531:Nostalgia
10383:Indianism
10331:Movements
10262:Countries
9028:(cloth);
7810:0026-7937
7722:March 27,
7590:, p. 209.
7569:, p. 210.
7527:, p. 374.
7506:, p. 136.
7438:, p. 140.
7417:, p. 163.
7396:, p. 311.
7344:King Lear
6876:Ferber, 7
6856:Athenaeum
6755:148859077
6626:, NĂșria.
6549:2616-6879
6541:2617-751X
6284:Citations
5448:Hans Gude
5220:, 1843â44
5090:Shipwreck
5063:symbols.
4918:Brynhildr
4797:Hans Gude
4669:, led by
4659:scientism
4273:Meyerbeer
4258:Schelling
4241:Beethoven
4054:Childhood
3983:landscape
3948:Hans Gude
3672:Slaughter
3639:Sculpture
3553:, at the
3329:John Nash
3192:John Nash
3089:Moby-Dick
3086:'s novel
2894:O Guarani
2706:Klopstock
2593:Aristotle
2514:Catalonia
2397:, 1826),
2389:, 1830),
2381:, 1839),
2331:Poor Liza
2313:, 1809),
2263:spiritual
2124:, 1839).
1945:of exile
1861:John Galt
1772:Classical
1714:King Lear
1699:The Cenci
1680:Jane Eyre
1675:Charlotte
1667:Yorkshire
1600:Donizetti
1488:epic poem
1319:of 1781.
1269:mythology
1155:, making
905:modernity
694:Etymology
626:ex nihilo
521:aesthetic
437:from the
423:illusions
362:intuition
215:reverence
203:intuition
68:talk page
18:Romantics
18836:Schengen
18766:Eurozone
18606:Property
18601:Religion
18492:Frankish
18482:Germanic
18462:Paganism
18383:Religion
18371:European
18283:Humanism
18186:Religion
18145:Painting
18111:Internet
18062:Folklore
18033:Clothing
18004:Calendar
17980:Cyrillic
17965:Alphabet
17928:Cold War
17647:Category
17489:Ideology
17405:Immanent
17400:Critique
17355:Alterity
17348:Concepts
17223:Theories
17209:Williams
17184:Spengler
17139:RanciĂšre
17069:Lefebvre
17054:Kristeva
17019:Irigaray
17014:Ingarden
16994:Habermas
16984:Guattari
16969:Foucault
16944:Eagleton
16889:Cassirer
16869:Bourdieu
16864:Blanchot
16849:Benjamin
16834:Bataille
16726:Category
16658:Axiology
16527:(c. 500)
16517:(c. 100)
16392:Judgment
16347:Emotions
16342:Elegance
16322:Cuteness
16295:Feminine
16258:Concepts
16227:Tanizaki
16207:Schiller
16192:Richards
16182:RanciĂšre
16152:Maritain
16087:Hanslick
16027:Benjamin
15899:Feminism
15868:Theology
15848:Medieval
15838:Japanese
15833:Internet
15762:Category
15712:Portrait
15633:Folk art
15581:Anti-art
15512:Stuckism
15425:Idea art
15346:Art game
15298:Artivism
15186:Punk art
15164:Sots Art
15149:Artscene
15006:Land art
14944:Neo-Dada
14876:Lettrism
14770:Nuagisme
14755:Tachisme
14636:Nazi art
14429:De Stijl
14343:Rayonism
14333:Art Deco
14321:Futurism
14112:Luminism
14080:Romanian
14065:Tonalism
14036:Canadian
14014:American
13920:Neo-Grec
13528:Rocaille
13357:Romanism
13291:Counter-
13225:Trecento
13165:Duecento
13155:Crusades
13087:Ottonian
13065:Frankish
12945:Medieval
12928:Trajanic
12888:Scythian
12883:Etruscan
12775:Cycladic
12753:Thracian
12651:Category
12467:Dahlhaus
12452:Blanning
12419:Scholars
12389:Tropinin
12384:Tidemand
12374:Stattler
12369:Scheffer
12269:GĆowacki
12239:Edelfelt
12194:Bryullov
12136:Snellman
12111:Schiller
12101:Rousseau
12081:Michelet
12026:Constant
11996:Belinsky
11969:Sibelius
11913:KonjoviÄ
11887:Scriabin
11857:Lyapunov
11791:LipiĆski
11760:Spontini
11750:Paganini
11694:Goldmark
11485:Thalberg
11480:Schubert
11460:Bruckner
11421:Topelius
11411:Runeberg
11401:PreĆĄeren
11371:Leopardi
11336:Frashëri
11326:Eminescu
11306:Andersen
11214:Tyutchev
11199:Karamzin
11173:Zorrilla
11168:Saavedra
11066:Castilho
11054:Portugal
11045:SĆowacki
10947:Polidori
10877:Barbauld
10812:Hoffmann
10767:Brentano
10681:Bertrand
10502:Romantic
10338:Ancients
10312:Scotland
10164:Archived
10149:. Knopf.
10123:. 2002.
10055:. 1995.
10038:. 1992.
10002:. 1984.
9902:. 2009.
9821:. 2015.
9727:. 1980.
9586:. 1943.
9459:Archived
9261:Archived
9247:Archived
9232:Archived
9169:. 1789.
9109:. 1947.
9098:Archived
9078:Archived
9041:Archived
9036:(pbk.);
8977:. 1988.
8930:. 1970.
8902:. 1990.
8881:. 2000.
8857:. 1911.
8790:, p. 31
8694:(1996).
8524:, p. 15.
8128:Archived
8070:Archived
7968:35124986
7694:1 August
7548:, p. 60.
7485:, p. 28.
7266:Archived
7165:Archived
7107:vitalist
6956:Archived
6916:Day, 1â5
6719:Archived
6631:Archived
6624:Perpinya
6470:(eds.).
6057:See also
5935:Ian Bent
5553:, 1863,
5529:, 1860,
5504:, 1852,
5476:, 1850,
5454:, 1847,
5432:(1835),
5404:, 1898,
5323:Vesuvius
5319:, 1826,
5298:, 1821,
5107:, 1774,
5088:, 1759,
5049:hermetic
4897:Kalevala
4888:folklore
4874:Volkstum
4845:Napoleon
4818:folklore
4653:Theology
4639:Napoleon
4574:Sciences
4567:Kalevala
4348:such as
4217:MĂ©moires
4189:Paganini
4028:allegory
4009:'s poem
3575:(1822),
3441:staffage
3404:The Bard
3325:Brighton
3227:Normandy
3184:Brighton
3032:Rousseau
2657:crusades
2649:chivalry
2566:Portugal
2548:Portugal
2434:portrait
2365:, 1820;
2359:, 1822;
2341:, 1802;
2337:, 1796;
2333:, 1792;
2323:Svetlana
2321:, 1811;
2319:The Bard
2227:folklore
2169:szlachta
2097:Stendhal
2046:Cromwell
1839:(1817),
1830:Waverley
1817:Hogmanay
1791:Napoleon
1721:Scotland
1653:(1817),
1634:sinecure
1624:Don Juan
1570:and the
1547:Crusades
1534:Waverley
1172:Schlegel
1169:brothers
1167:and the
1165:Schiller
952:Stendhal
944:Flaubert
884:Tennyson
572:pastoral
544:folk art
525:sympathy
448:liberals
342:Timeline
337:Overview
320:politics
273:abstract
252:for its
246:chivalry
233:and the
182:and the
76:May 2024
64:included
53:disputed
18681:Benelux
18586:Thought
18536:Atheism
18477:Finnish
18453:Culture
18448:Judaism
18410:Eastern
18406:Western
18401:Culture
18335:Paradox
18201:Decline
18162:Science
18038:History
18026:Studies
18009:Cuisine
17997:Periods
17957:Culture
17786:History
17752:Eastern
17747:Western
17698:culture
17474:Habitus
17390:Boredom
17280:Freudo-
17275:Western
17270:Marxism
17194:Strauss
17164:Schmitt
17104:Marcuse
17094:Lyotard
17084:Luhmann
17079:Levinas
17029:Jaspers
17024:Jameson
17009:Husserl
16989:Gramsci
16979:Gentile
16974:Gadamer
16934:Dilthey
16929:Derrida
16924:Deleuze
16859:Bergson
16829:Barthes
16799:Agamben
16721:Outline
16636:Related
16503:Poetics
16471:Tragedy
16461:Sublime
16434:Quality
16419:Mimesis
16377:Harmony
16362:Fashion
16337:Ecstasy
16332:Disgust
16248:more...
16217:Scruton
16142:Lyotard
16077:Goodman
16057:Deleuze
15992:Aquinas
15982:Alberti
15955:more...
15934:Realism
15914:Marxism
15894:Fascism
15877:Schools
15863:Science
15818:Ancient
15727:Realism
15324:present
15051:Nut Art
14854:Pop art
14792:Mono-ha
14660:The Ten
14609:Kapists
14555:Iranian
14508:Bauhaus
14302:Orphism
14248:Fauvism
14085:Russian
13975:Nihonga
13889:Verismo
13874:Realism
13808:Purismo
13721:Moorish
13716:Islamic
13623:Haitian
13414:Baroque
13293:Maniera
13177:Mudéjar
13102:Spanish
13014:Pictish
12997:Lombard
12992:Insular
12933:Severan
12898:Gaulish
12893:Iberian
12822:Archaic
12765:Nuragic
12745:Ancient
12728:periods
12492:Lovejoy
12427:Abraham
12349:Richard
12339:Préault
12264:Girodet
12146:Thoreau
12091:Novalis
12076:Mazzini
12071:Maistre
12046:Hazlitt
12031:Emerson
12011:Carlyle
12001:Berchet
11944:Berwald
11939:Bennett
11908:HristiÄ
11862:Medtner
11842:Borodin
11832:Arensky
11755:Rossini
11730:Bellini
11709:Joachim
11682:Hungary
11663:Strauss
11591:Germany
11557:Berlioz
11526:VoĆĂĆĄek
11521:Smetana
11499:Czechia
11453:Austria
11386:Maturin
11381:Manzoni
11356:Heliade
11331:Foscolo
11301:Alfieri
11296:Abovian
11250:Emerson
11209:Pushkin
11148:BĂ©cquer
11081:Garrett
11035:Potocki
10982:Southey
10942:Maturin
10912:Carlyle
10869:Britain
10842:Novalis
10797:Gutzkow
10745:Germany
10711:Mérimée
10696:Gautier
10623:Barreto
10618:Azevedo
10598:Alencar
10578:Writers
10497:Byronic
10433:Purismo
10287:Germany
10269:Denmark
10140:Poetica
9890:(2016).
9627:(2011).
9381:(1924)
9095:excerpt
8848:Sources
8747:1837852
8583:of 1841
8541:, p. 2.
8076:14 July
7880:3721247
7818:3722555
7158:(1958)
6903:in her
5781:Novalis
5402:Pacific
5348:â1827,
5067:Gallery
5061:Masonic
4926:Serbian
4857:Prussia
4851:became
4733:21 June
4723:. The "
4277:Berlioz
4079:Old Age
3938:, with
3921:Poussin
3835:Raphael
3634:, Paris
3614:impasto
3521:Girodet
3451:, like
3038:, from
2888:Iracema
2682:liberal
2673:Helena.
2598:Poetics
2595:in his
2518:Galicia
2516:and in
2287:Iridion
2285:(1836;
2282:Irydion
2275:(1835;
2247:wieszcz
2035:Hernani
1976:Hernani
1943:novella
1877:in 1822
1871:Raeburn
1848:Ivanhoe
1836:Rob Roy
1669:-based
1572:novella
1492:Marmion
1291:by the
1188:Novalis
1114:Germany
1032:Realism
948:Courbet
936:Verismo
932:Realism
913:Novalis
854:fascism
750:in her
652:, from
605:freedom
562:of the
458:Purpose
413:on the
370:insight
366:emotion
235:sublime
199:passion
176:culture
172:society
60:removed
18701:CANZUK
18591:Speech
18519:Slavic
18497:Gothic
18472:Celtic
18467:Baltic
18366:Values
18167:Values
17727:Greece
17423:Dasein
17174:Serres
17154:Sartre
17144:RicĆur
17099:Marcel
17089:LukĂĄcs
17064:Latour
17039:KojĂšve
16964:Fisher
16959:Fichte
16949:Engels
16919:Debord
16914:de Man
16904:Cixous
16899:Cioran
16879:Butler
16844:Bauman
16824:Badiou
16809:Arendt
16794:Adorno
16627:(2009)
16617:(1977)
16607:(1946)
16597:(1939)
16587:(1935)
16577:(1934)
16567:(1933)
16557:(1891)
16547:(1835)
16537:(1757)
16404:Kitsch
16382:Humour
16312:Comedy
16290:Beauty
16232:Vasari
16222:Tagore
16197:Ruskin
16137:LukĂĄcs
16127:Langer
16072:Goethe
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