45:
483::1). The phrase "in the Lord" could be connected with "wrote this epistle" and make the sense that Tertius wrote this epistle for the Lord's sake (not by inspiration, but being only scribe to the apostle). However, that phrase is better connected with the word "salute" and the sense is that his salutation was meant to wish the people well in the Lord, so that "they might have much communion with him".
466:
of the apostle, who wrote this letter, either from the apostle's notes, or from dictation. His name is a Latin one, and perhaps the person might be a Roman, for the names
Secundus, Tertius, Quartus, Quintus, etc. were common with the Romans, although it could be argued that this man was the same with
654:
texts; and they appear after chapter 15 in others. (There are even more variations than these!) So many textual variations makes these verses highly suspect, causing one to question whether they were part of the version that came from the hand of
Tertius, Paul’s amanuensis (Romans
634:
Many translations exclude this verse altogether, skipping from verse 23 to verse 25, because most of the older manuscripts, discovered some time after chapter and verse numbers were applied to Romans, do not have them, it is generally omitted from the final translation.
222:
I commend to you our sister Phoebe, who is a servant of the church at
Cenchrea, that you welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and that you assist her in whatever matter she may have need of you, for she has been a helper of many and of myself as
617:
because, they believe that this doxology (along with much of chapters 15 and 16) were added later to summarize the contents of the letter and to provide a less abrupt ending.Some of them said the end of the original is in chapter
436:. Craig Hill states that no example has been found for the masculine form 'Junias', while the feminine form of 'Junia' is "very well attested", so the rendering to 'Junias' in some Bible versions is a "scandalous mistranslation".
561:
uses "director of public works". An inscription mentioning an
Erastus was found in 1929 near a paved area northeast of the theater of Corinth, dated to the mid-first century and reads "Erastus in return for his
316:"Priscilla" is a diminutive and affectionate name for 'Prisca'. She and her husband, Aquila, were expelled from Rome as Jews under Claudius, and had been converted at Corinth by Paul (
566:
paved it at his own expense." Some New
Testament scholars have identified this aedile Erastus with the Erastus mentioned in the Epistle to the Romans but this is disputed by others.
147:. Chapter 16 contains Paul's personal recommendation, personal greetings, final admonition, grace, greetings from companions, identification of writer/amanuensis and blessing. The
303:
Greet
Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus, who risked their own necks for my life, to whom not only I give thanks, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.
605:
Paul's doxology in the conclusion of the epistle, aside from effectively summing up some of the key themes, gives a high note of ascription of glory to "the only wise God".
407:, and whom Paul commended together with Junia as being remarkable Christian workers and "apostles" alongside Silas, Timothy, and others given that title in the early Church.
288:" (or Cenchrea). The Jerusalem Bible suggests she was "probably the bearer of the letter" and verse 2 suggests she also had other "business" to deal with in Rome.
1280:
553:, a political office of high civic status. The word is defined as "the manager of household or of household affairs" or, in this context, "treasurer"; the
1024:
1458:
422:, the latter being the Hebrew name Yĕḥunnī), the consensus among most modern New Testament scholars is that this person was a woman named Junia (
399:"Andronicus" was a kinsman of Paul and a fellow prisoner at some time, particularly well known among the apostles, who had become a follower of
1869:
385:
Salute
Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners, who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before me.
506:
Gaius, my host and the host of the whole church, greets you. Erastus, the treasurer of the city, greets you, and
Quartus, a brother.
320:). Priscilla was remarkably mentioned first, perhaps inferring that she was "the more active and conspicuous of the two" as also in
911:
1910:
1888:
1879:
972:
1451:
475:. Silas is known as a companion of apostle Paul, also is numbered among the seventy disciples, and said to be bishop of
1344:
1119:
Goodrich, J. (2011). Erastus of
Corinth (Romans 16.23): Responding to Recent Proposals on his Rank, Status, and Faith.
732:
1391:
1323:
938:
896:
1478:
148:
109:
1256:
1874:
1315:
The New Oxford
Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48
1132:
949:
650:
They are missing altogether in some Greek witnesses; alternatively, they appear at the end of chapter 14 in some
573:": the description "a brother" is interpreted by most scholars as "a fellow believer", rather than 'a brother of
1407:
873:
721:
Donaldson, Terence L. (2007). "63. Introduction to the Pauline Corpus". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
1444:
916:
796:
776:
807:
986:
762:
433:
1182:
1672:
379:
277:
261:
999:
852:
London : Cassell and Company, Limited, Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019.
558:
347:). When this Epistle was written they were at Rome, but later they seem to have returned to Ephesus (
257:
197:
1712:
1158:
1077:
269:
237:
216:
1737:
1637:
1427:
1413:
1095:
675:
492:
1063:
GILL, David (1989). "David W.J. Gill, "Erastus The Aedile." Tyndale Bulletin 40.2 (1989): 298".
1597:
1587:
968:
810:
765:
375:
309:
229:
1418:
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1467:
1312:(2007). Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann; Perkins, Pheme (eds.).
1206:
113:
69:
49:
1722:
1592:
297:
846:
8:
1717:
1692:
344:
329:
281:
1752:
1627:
1612:
1231:
1183:"Chapter 16 in Paul's Letter to the Romans: Dispensable Tagalong or Valuable Envelope?"
876:
828:. Translation by Peter Christie from Meyer's sixth edition. Accessed February 14, 2019.
822:
670:
651:
574:
554:
518:
496:
446:
410:"Junia": Despite the existence of a view in the past that this was a man named Junias (
404:
391:
191:
140:
1386:(4, illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Inter-Varsity Press. pp. 1115–1160.
358:
from Pontus (Sinope), living more than a century later, who made a translation of the
1387:
1340:
1319:
1309:
1103:
934:
892:
861:
728:
626:
end in chapter 15 and other manuscripts place chapter 16 between chapters 14 and 15.
44:
1762:
1707:
1677:
1622:
842:
613:
There are many scholars says that Epistle to the Romans original letter ended with
534:
429:
355:
185:
128:
79:
1381:
1334:
1313:
722:
273:
179:
34:
1373:
1361:
1042:
348:
325:
1904:
1757:
1377:
1333:
Hill, Craig C. (2007). "64. Romans". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
636:
363:
117:
89:
787:
Footnote in Jerusalem Bible at Romans 16:1, Darton, Longman & Todd, 1966
1682:
1369:
1365:
1339:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1083–1108.
1107:
359:
121:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
640:
577:'. According to church tradition, he is known as "Quartus of Berytus", a
366:) into Greek, critically compared with the LXX in the Hexapla of Origen.
173:
160:
53:
1436:
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167:
136:
1582:
1556:
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727:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 1077.
619:
614:
317:
285:
265:
29:
1424:(ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
335:
Afterwards this married couple appear in Paul's company at Ephesus (
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
665:
163:. Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
1747:
1732:
1727:
1702:
1577:
689:
685:
570:
550:
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132:
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To God only wise, be glory through Jesus Christ for ever. Amen.
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253:
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124:
1617:
544:
528:
332:, where they send greetings, her husband takes precedence.
247:
452:
I Tertius, who wrote this epistle, salute you in the Lord.
170:(175-225; complete with minor lacunae at bottom of leaves)
354:"Aquila" was a Jew of Pontus. There is another Jew named
746:
744:
486:
252:) of the church in the New King James Version, as a "
1318:(Augmented 3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1138:
741:
702:
538:
522:
241:
912:ΙΟΥΝΙΑΝ (Romans 16:7) and the Hebrew name Yĕḥunnī
284:, she was "a key representative of the church at
135:in the mid-50s AD, with the help of a secretary (
1902:
585:(around AD 50) and one of the seventy disciples.
291:
1414:English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
1123:, 57(4), 583-593. doi:10.1017/S0028688511000063
848:Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers
1257:"Was Romans 16:24 removed from modern Bibles?"
557:uses the translation "chamberlain", while the
369:
1452:
1261:Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry
533:): also known as "Erastus of Paneas", was a
838:
836:
834:
1459:
1445:
1383:New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition
1051:ERASTUS PRO AEDILITATE SUA PECUNIA STRAVIT
176:(3rd century; extant verses 1, 4–7, 11–12)
1466:
855:
720:
280:. According to the contemporary idiom in
831:
1889:Origen and the History of Justification
964:
962:
960:
958:
901:
821:Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm (1880).
1903:
1308:
862:Expositor's Greek Testament. Romans 16
1440:
1285:Working Preacher from Luther Seminary
1254:
1093:
1332:
1207:"Q&A 1151 — Romans 16 original?"
1156:
1062:
955:
815:
750:
708:
511:Romans 16:23, New King James Version
154:
1360:
1144:
923:
589:
471:, which Hebrew word is the same as
13:
1031:. The Packard Humanities Institute
487:Gaius, Erastus and Quartus (16:23)
440:
405:conversion on the road to Damascus
210:
206:(7th century; extant verses 23–27)
60:side), written in the 3rd century.
14:
1922:
1401:
639:usually omit verse 16:24 but the
159:The original text was written in
1082:Epistle to the Romans, Volume II
1047:ERASTVS. PRO. AED. S. P. STRAVIT
824:Commentary on the New Testament.
600:Romans 16:27, King James Version
457:Romans 16:22, King James Version
108:is the sixteenth (and the last)
43:
1281:"Commentary on Romans 16:25-27"
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1199:
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1113:
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931:Junia, the First Woman Apostle.
887:Stagg, Evelyn and Frank Stagg.
881:
867:
240:" is described as a "servant" (
143:, who adds his own greeting in
1911:Epistle to the Romans chapters
1232:"What does Romans 16:24 mean?"
974:Exposition of the Entire Bible
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790:
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629:
608:
1:
1410:King James Bible - Wikisource
1029:Searchable Greek Inscriptions
695:
292:Priscilla and Aquila (16:3–4)
144:
889:Woman in the World of Jesus.
545:
529:
380:Junia (New Testament person)
278:Contemporary English Version
262:New Revised Standard Version
248:
16:Chapter of the New Testament
7:
1428:Multiple bible versions at
1336:The Oxford Bible Commentary
724:The Oxford Bible Commentary
659:
370:Andronicus and Junia (16:7)
151:is divided into 27 verses.
96:Order in the Christian part
10:
1927:
1302:
1255:Wayne, Luke (2018-10-31).
1004:Blue Letter Bible -Lexicon
797:Romans 16:1-3 Geneva Bible
643:accepts it as canonical.
539:
523:
490:
444:
432:may have considered as an
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418:
412:
373:
295:
242:
214:
1881:The Epistle to the Romans
1862:
1771:
1570:
1474:
933:Augsburg Fortress, 2005.
891:Westminster Press, 1978.
864:. Accessed 24 April 2019.
777:Romans 16:1-3 The Message
646:Arland J. Hultgren said:
559:New International Version
258:New International Version
198:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
95:
85:
75:
65:
42:
26:
21:
1100:Smith's Bible Dictionary
276:, and a "leader" in the
270:Revised Standard Version
217:Phoebe (biblical figure)
1094:Smith, William (1967),
493:Gaius (biblical figure)
1433:(NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
1046:
657:
603:
514:
460:
396:
376:Andronicus of Pannonia
314:
310:New King James Version
234:
230:Modern English Version
1468:Epistle to the Romans
1364:(1994). "Romans". In
1310:Coogan, Michael David
1121:New Testament Studies
1065:Tyndale Bulletin 40.2
648:
593:
504:
450:
383:
301:
220:
114:Epistle to the Romans
70:Epistle to the Romans
50:Epistle to the Romans
1875:Pelagius' commentary
1102:, Westwood: Revell,
298:Priscilla and Aquila
131:, while Paul was in
127:. It is authored by
86:Christian Bible part
1002:[Steward].
345:1 Corinthians 16:19
330:1 Corinthians 16:19
52:16:1,4–7, 11–12 in
1049:, abbreviated for
671:Herodion of Patras
555:King James Version
497:Erastus of Corinth
447:Tertius of Iconium
392:King James Version
192:Codex Alexandrinus
1898:
1897:
1422:at GospelHall.org
1187:CBE International
1159:"Romans 16:25-27"
622:There are Romans
462:"Tertius" was an
155:Textual witnesses
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1918:
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186:Codex Sinaiticus
129:Paul the Apostle
80:Pauline epistles
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753:, p. 1107.
749:
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711:, p. 1084.
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641:Anglican Church
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441:Tertius (16:22)
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308:Romans 16:3–4,
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274:Jerusalem Bible
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228:Romans 16:1–2,
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211:Phoebe (16:1–2)
180:Codex Vaticanus
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35:1 Corinthians 1
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1668:Jesus Christ
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1420:Online Bible
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1350:. Retrieved
1335:
1314:
1289:. Retrieved
1287:. 2014-12-21
1284:
1275:
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1260:
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1236:BibleRef.com
1235:
1226:
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1213:. 2011-04-28
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1190:. Retrieved
1186:
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1133:Romans 16:27
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1003:
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987:Romans 16:23
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950:Romans 16:22
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929:Epp, Eldon.
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888:
883:
869:
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850:. Romans 16.
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384:
360:Hebrew Bible
353:
334:
328:; except in
315:
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235:
221:
158:
145:Romans 16:22
105:
104:
57:
1834:Uncial 0172
1772:Manuscripts
1352:February 6,
1078:John Murray
1000:"οἰκονόμος"
874:Romans 16:7
637:Protestants
630:Verse 16:24
624:manuscripts
609:Controversy
282:The Message
174:Papyrus 118
161:Koine Greek
54:Papyrus 118
1779:Papyrus 10
1598:Asyncritus
1588:Andronicus
1291:2024-05-17
1266:2024-05-17
1241:2024-05-17
1217:2024-05-17
1192:2024-05-17
1168:2024-05-17
1157:SW-Admin.
1025:"PH209961"
969:Gill, John
908:Al Wolters
696:References
564:aedileship
521:" (Greek:
464:amanuensis
341:Acts 18:26
337:Acts 18:18
322:Acts 18:18
204:Papyrus 61
168:Papyrus 46
137:amanuensis
30:chapter 15
1748:Sosipater
1723:Priscilla
1693:Narcissus
1583:Ampliatus
1408:Romans 16
1096:"Quartus"
1084:, p. 239.
826:Romans 16
751:Hill 2007
709:Hill 2007
546:oikonomos
540:οἰκονόμος
318:Acts 18:1
286:Cenchreae
268:" in the
266:deaconess
256:" in the
194:(400–440)
188:(330–360)
182:(325–350)
122:Christian
106:Romans 16
22:Romans 16
1905:Category
1863:Analysis
1763:Tryphena
1552:Fourteen
1547:Thirteen
1479:chapters
1380:(eds.).
1145:Moo 1994
680:Related
666:Cenchrea
660:See also
598:—
509:—
455:—
428:), whom
388:—
306:—
272:and the
260:and the
249:diakonon
243:διακονον
226:—
76:Category
1883:(Barth)
1758:Timothy
1753:Tertius
1733:Rebecca
1728:Quartus
1718:Phlegon
1703:Olympas
1613:Erastus
1593:Apelles
1578:Abraham
1562:Sixteen
1557:Fifteen
1303:Sources
1108:6053170
690:Acts 18
686:Mark 15
684:parts:
655:16:22).
575:Erastus
571:Quartus
551:Corinth
535:steward
530:Erastos
524:Ἔραστος
519:Erastus
501:Quartus
481:Luke 10
477:Iconium
473:Tertius
434:apostle
419:Ἰουνίας
413:Ἰουνιᾶς
149:chapter
141:Tertius
133:Corinth
120:of the
116:in the
112:of the
110:chapter
37: →
28:←
1713:Phoebe
1698:Nereus
1678:Lucius
1673:Junias
1653:Israel
1648:Isaiah
1628:Hermas
1608:Elijah
1571:People
1542:Twelve
1537:Eleven
1390:
1343:
1322:
1106:
1067:: 298.
1035:18 May
1009:18 May
937:
895:
731:
583:Beirut
579:bishop
499:, and
425:Ἰουνία
356:Aquila
254:deacon
238:Phoebe
1743:Sarah
1738:Rufus
1688:Moses
1663:Jason
1658:Jacob
1643:Isaac
1638:Jesse
1633:Hosea
1623:Gaius
1603:David
1522:Eight
1517:Seven
1497:Three
1476:Bible
1043:Latin
682:Bible
676:Rufus
652:Greek
615:14:23
549:) in
479:(see
469:Silas
264:, a "
223:well.
125:Bible
58:verso
1854:0311
1849:0221
1844:0220
1839:0219
1708:Paul
1618:Esau
1527:Nine
1507:Five
1502:Four
1388:ISBN
1354:2019
1341:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1104:OCLC
1037:2012
1011:2012
989:NKJV
935:ISBN
893:ISBN
811:NKJV
729:ISBN
378:and
324:and
66:Book
1829:118
1824:113
1532:Ten
1512:Six
1492:Two
1487:One
1135:KJV
952:KJV
917:JBL
914:,"
910:, "
877:KJV
766:MEV
581:of
416:or
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139:),
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1819:99
1814:94
1809:61
1804:46
1799:40
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1784:26
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