43:
453:
723:
104:
6369:
6829:
1089:'s system of Japanese language teaching. Its principle is that such a system enables students to internalize the phonology of Japanese better. Since it does not have any of the other systems' advantages for non-native speakers, and the Japanese already have a writing system for their language, JSL is not widely used outside the educational environment.
508:
Romanized
Japanese may be used in any context where Japanese text is targeted at non-Japanese speakers who cannot read kanji or kana, such as for names on street signs and passports and in dictionaries and textbooks for foreign learners of the language. It is also used to transliterate Japanese terms
1146:
While there may be arguments in favour of some of these variant romanizations in specific contexts, their use, especially if mixed, leads to confusion when romanized
Japanese words are indexed. This confusion never occurs when inputting Japanese characters with a word processor, because input Latin
540:
priests used the system in a series of printed
Catholic books so that missionaries could preach and teach their converts without learning to read Japanese orthography. The most useful of these books for the study of early modern Japanese pronunciation and early attempts at romanization was the
3677:
when it is not directly followed by a consonant. Although these are usually regarded as merely phonetic marks or diacritics, they do sometimes appear on their own, such as at the end of sentences, in exclamations, or in some names. The detached sokuon, representing a final glottal stop in
888:
was originally invented as a method for
Japanese to write their own language in Latin characters, rather than to transcribe it for Westerners as Hepburn was. It follows the Japanese syllabary very strictly, with no adjustments for changes in pronunciation. It has also been standardized as
520:. However, it is extremely rare in Japan to use it to write Japanese (except as an input tool on a computer or for special purposes like in some logo design), and most Japanese are more comfortable in reading kanji and kana.
3598:
Japanese is written without spaces between words, and in some cases, such as compounds, it may not be completely clear where word boundaries should lie, resulting in varying romanization styles. For example,
1097:
In addition to the standardized systems above, there are many variations in romanization, used either for simplification, in error or confusion between different systems, or for deliberate stylistic reasons.
1073:
is a romanization system based on
Japanese phonology, designed using the linguistic principles used by linguists in designing writing systems for languages that do not have any. It is a purely
454:
626:
who used it in the third edition of his
Japanese–English dictionary, published in 1887. The Hepburn system included representation of some sounds that have since changed. For example,
1105:
use to convert keystrokes on a Roman keyboard to kana often combine features of all of the systems; when used as plain text rather than being converted, these are usually known as
686:
during this period, but it failed to catch on. Later, in the early 20th century, some scholars devised syllabary systems with characters derived from Latin (rather like the
5893:), but in specialized circumstances, names from other languages may also be used. For example, musical keys are often referred to by the German names, so that B
509:
in text written in
English (or other languages that use the Latin script) on topics related to Japan, such as linguistics, literature, history, and culture.
922:
is a slightly modified version of Nihon-shiki which eliminates differences between the kana syllabary and modern pronunciation. For example, the characters
773:, but that status was abolished on October 6, 1994. Hepburn is the most common romanization system in use today, especially in the English-speaking world.
8168:
1036:
It is possible to elaborate these romanizations to enable non-native speakers to pronounce
Japanese words more correctly. Typical additions include
8019:
6883:
1010:
632:
6852:
An extensive collection of materials relating to rōmaji, including standards documents and HTML versions of
Hepburn's original dictionaries.
8215:
547:, a Japanese–Portuguese dictionary written in 1603. In general, the early Portuguese system was similar to Nihon-shiki in its treatment of
1222:. This is valid JSL romanization. For Hepburn romanization, it is not a valid romanization if the long vowel belongs within a single word.
6962:
8361:
8014:
389:
6858:
by Andrew Horvat contains a discussion of the problems caused by the variety of confusing romanization systems in use in Japan today.
6833:
6814:
6578:
8356:
6855:
702:
591:. The Jesuits also printed some secular books in romanized Japanese, including the first printed edition of the Japanese classic
8262:
7641:
942:
in modern
Japanese, and thus Kunrei-shiki and Hepburn ignore the difference in kana and represent the sound in the same way (
843:
in Revised Hepburn. Without the apostrophe, it would not be possible to distinguish this correct reading from the incorrect
682:
instead. The Nihon-shiki romanization was an outgrowth of that movement. Several Japanese texts were published entirely in
516:
have been taught to read and write romanized Japanese. Therefore, almost all Japanese can read and write Japanese by using
241:
7636:
6876:
5866:
The list below shows the Japanese readings of letters in Katakana, for spelling out words, or in acronyms. For example,
6810:
8546:
7120:
6629:
6569:
86:
64:
7521:
57:
8561:
8227:
7946:
6847:
137:
8495:
7900:
7895:
7421:
6955:
3120:
1538:
705:(SCAP) made it official policy to romanize Japanese. However, that policy failed and a more moderate attempt at
8069:
6869:
382:
7910:
7626:
8041:
7880:
7439:
7127:
1181:
methods of representing long vowels are authorized by the Japanese Foreign Ministry for use in passports.
1049:
572:
568:
556:
7774:
7754:
7558:
7511:
6397:
31:
8490:
8480:
8475:
8435:
8393:
8373:
8255:
7890:
6948:
6714:
698:
7764:
731:
8470:
8465:
8408:
8378:
8300:
8175:
8153:
7941:
6913:
6752:
6387:
6382:
3158:
1533:
914:
498:
375:
354:
319:
8551:
8420:
8368:
8331:
8210:
8148:
8102:
8000:
7951:
7875:
7850:
7459:
6921:
6676:
6638:
6458:"What is Romaji? Everything you need to know about Romaji Everything you need to know about Romaji"
5923:
3153:
1528:
880:
690:) that were even less popular since they were not based on any historical use of the Latin script.
502:
325:
51:
7516:
6542:"Kaisei zoho Bango sen. (Lager image 104-002) | Japan-Netherlands Exchange in the Edo Period"
3641:
There is no universally accepted style of romanization for the smaller versions of the vowels and
8485:
8403:
8398:
8351:
8346:
8336:
7594:
6392:
3722:
675:
150:
111:
8505:
8455:
8430:
8388:
8326:
7611:
1102:
706:
529:
68:
17:
7795:
8556:
8520:
8450:
8425:
8341:
8290:
8248:
8092:
7981:
7454:
7000:
6990:
6513:
1078:
1041:
612:
593:
6541:
8510:
8143:
7966:
7870:
7744:
7546:
7481:
6995:
6903:
3148:
1523:
1496:
753:
623:
619:
494:
311:
248:
8:
8525:
8460:
8440:
8285:
8192:
8074:
8046:
7961:
7541:
6521:
1148:
1006:
7486:
5885:. These are the standard names, based on the British English letter names (so Z is from
253:
8222:
8163:
8084:
7971:
7905:
7790:
7503:
7245:
6929:
6439:
6435:
1237:
1108:
1053:
1037:
1018:
781:
687:
340:
7491:
7327:
7276:
8305:
8051:
7986:
7956:
7759:
7578:
7563:
7536:
7531:
7469:
7407:
7382:
7317:
7191:
7029:
7019:
7010:
6971:
6625:
6565:
771:
American National Standard System for the Romanization of Japanese (Modified Hepburn)
769:
the pronunciation of a word in Japanese. It was standardized in the United States as
762:
618:
From the mid-19th century onward, several systems were developed, culminating in the
603:
461:
447:
411:
103:
7235:
7034:
170:
8383:
8180:
8158:
7936:
7732:
7573:
7375:
7365:
7360:
7348:
7201:
7137:
7093:
6908:
6431:
1065:
766:
537:
361:
330:
286:
7701:
7296:
7240:
7078:
1495:
This chart shows in full the three main systems for the romanization of Japanese:
1048:
to distinguish phonological changes, such as the assimilation of the moraic nasal
215:
30:"Japanese transliteration" redirects here. For transliteration into Japanese, see
8205:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7568:
7341:
7252:
7152:
7113:
7108:
7069:
7049:
890:
871:). This system is widely used in Japan and among foreign students and academics.
160:
145:
8321:
7334:
175:
155:
8500:
8413:
8200:
7551:
7526:
7449:
7429:
7402:
7353:
7305:
7269:
7223:
7167:
7162:
7142:
1132:
1086:
1045:
743:
627:
8540:
8295:
7991:
7737:
7716:
7434:
7286:
7230:
7098:
7088:
7064:
7054:
7044:
6457:
6806:
6471:
505:(ISO 3602 Strict). Variants of the Hepburn system are the most widely used.
8271:
7976:
7805:
7370:
7264:
7208:
7177:
7172:
6985:
6861:
6374:
1504:
513:
490:
407:
132:
8031:
7259:
3710:
1500:
543:
6840:
734:
shows inconsistent romanization. Although in principle Hepburn is used,
611:). The latter continued to be printed and read after the suppression of
8515:
8060:
8026:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7706:
1313:
1118:
897:, rendered in the Nihon-shiki style of romanization the name is either
789:
785:
722:
693:
Today, the use of Nihon-shiki for writing Japanese is advocated by the
200:
6443:
7840:
7769:
7749:
7691:
3119:
This chart shows the significant differences among them. Despite the
1082:
939:
671:
640:
pronunciation; in modern Hepburn romanization, this would be written
552:
479:
281:
7711:
7696:
6940:
6343:
1246:
533:
228:
220:
8005:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7603:
7444:
6347:
1518:
1513:
1385:
1014:
1002:
respectively in Nihon-shiki. See the table below for full details.
665:
471:
276:
207:
195:
8120:
3636:
1024:
Written in Kunrei-shiki, the name of the system would be rendered
807:
from a following naked vowel or semivowel). For example, the name
8097:
8036:
7653:
1074:
793:
642:
414:. This method of writing is sometimes referred to in Japanese as
8240:
8115:
7648:
7616:
6828:
3664:
1077:
system, using exactly one symbol for each phoneme, and marking
694:
6492:
3678:
exclamations, is sometimes represented as an apostrophe or as
8110:
7658:
7621:
5801:
3132:
3128:
3124:
1147:
letters are transliterated into Japanese kana as soon as the
1140:
674:(1868–1912), some Japanese scholars advocated abolishing the
548:
475:
125:
6422:
Walter Crosby Eells (May 1952). "Language Reform in Japan".
532:. It was developed around 1548 by a Japanese Catholic named
7668:
483:
188:
5867:
5839:-t, -cc-, -cch-, -cq-, -dd-, -pp-, -ss-, -tt, -xx-, -zz-
1349:
727:
559:
consonant was rendered, depending on context, as either
486:) that also ultimately derive from Chinese characters.
528:
The earliest Japanese romanization system was based on
512:
All Japanese who have attended elementary school since
6562:
The History of Japanese Printing and Book Illustration
3645:-row kana when used outside the normal combinations (
3136:
6364:
5855:-t, -cc-, -cch-, -pp-, -ck-, -cq-, -ss-, -tt-, -xx-
697:
sect and some independent organizations. During the
6421:
555:were transliterated differently: for instance, the
1490:
5861:
1247:Example words written in each romanization system
946:). Nihon-shiki, on the other hand, will romanize
470:Japanese is normally written in a combination of
8538:
666:As a replacement for the Japanese writing system
6617:
6588:
6559:
5900:
5871:
3637:Kana without standardized forms of romanization
3605:, meaning "to marry", and composed of the noun
1172:
415:
6779:
6768:
6756:
6741:
6730:
6718:
6703:
6692:
6680:
6665:
6654:
6642:
6611:
6600:
6582:
6332:
6319:
6306:
6293:
6280:
6274:
6257:
6244:
6231:
6218:
6205:
6192:
6179:
6166:
6153:
6140:
6127:
6117:
6104:
6094:
6081:
6068:
6062:
6045:
6032:
6019:
6006:
5996:
5983:
5973:
5960:
5947:
5937:
5907:
5878:
5847:-t, -cc-, -cch-, -pp-, -cq-, -ss-, -tt-, -xx-
5827:
5788:
5677:
5670:
5661:
5654:
5568:
5561:
5554:
5547:
5540:
5533:
5526:
5519:
5440:
5431:
5422:
5336:
5327:
5320:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5171:
5164:
5157:
5071:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5022:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4670:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4621:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4497:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
3944:
3937:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3683:
3672:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3616:
3606:
3600:
1465:
1458:
1431:
1424:
1397:
1390:
1361:
1354:
1325:
1318:
1289:
1282:
1235:
1229:
1217:
1211:
1195:
1189:
1166:
1159:In addition, the following three "non-Hepburn
1106:
1011:International Organization for Standardization
980:
972:
960:
948:
932:
924:
865:
809:
801:
424:
8256:
6956:
6877:
765:vowels. It is an intuitive method of showing
383:
6891:
1092:
1021:students in their fourth year of education.
6807:Romanization of Geographical Names in Japan
3699:
647:
430:
8263:
8249:
6963:
6949:
6884:
6870:
1005:Kunrei-shiki has been standardized by the
792:to note the separation of easily confused
390:
376:
6815:Geospatial Information Authority of Japan
6353:Note: Daijisen does not mention the name
761:generally follows English phonology with
87:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Japanese language written in Latin script
1139:requires no characters from outside the
721:
50:This article includes a list of general
703:Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
14:
8539:
587:("The language of Japan") was spelled
8244:
6970:
6944:
6865:
6776:(in Japanese). Shin-Jinbutsu-Ôrai-Sha
5922:
3625:, "to do"), is romanized as one word
460:
446:
8279:By publisher (for several languages)
3135:are never romanized with the letter
815:is written with the kana characters
36:
1151:processes what character is input.
1101:Notably, the various mappings that
24:
6805:), Topographic Department (測図部). "
6792:
6436:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1952.tb06122.x
56:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
8573:
6821:
1031:
712:
493:systems. The three main ones are
8270:
6850:from the original on 2018-03-06.
6827:
6367:
1135:.) Unlike the standard systems,
102:
41:
6522:Kanagawa Prefectural Government
3121:International Phonetic Alphabet
1491:Differences among romanizations
908:
6564:. Kodansha International Ltd.
6534:
6506:
6485:
6464:
6450:
6415:
5862:Roman letter names in Japanese
3711:Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam
3629:by some authors but two words
1154:
874:
780:system of romanization uses a
13:
1:
8315:By language or writing system
6738:(in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten
6662:(in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten
6403:
1234:. This is also an example of
8107:Kanji pronunciation sources
7881:Katakana Phonetic Extensions
6408:
3615:, "marriage") combined with
1017:. Kunrei-shiki is taught to
489:There are several different
7:
8216:Speculative fiction writers
7775:Transcription into Japanese
6801:Hishiyama, Takehide (菱山 剛秀
6618:
6589:
6424:The Modern Language Journal
6398:Transcription into Japanese
6360:
5901:
5872:
1236:
1173:
1107:
416:
32:Transcription into Japanese
10:
8578:
7134:Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka
6608:(in Japanese). Just System
6552:
6474:. Oomoto.or.jp. 2000-02-07
3734:Arte Breve da Lingoa Iapoa
3593:
1063:
1019:Japanese elementary school
912:
878:
751:
717:
699:Allied occupation of Japan
571:consonant (now pronounced
523:
29:
8314:
8278:
8191:
8131:
8083:
7925:
7783:
7725:
7667:
7602:
7593:
7502:
7477:
7468:
7420:
7393:
7316:
7190:
7018:
7009:
6978:
6899:
6780:
6769:
6757:
6742:
6731:
6719:
6704:
6693:
6681:
6666:
6655:
6643:
6612:
6601:
6583:
6516:ヘボン式ローマ字と異なる場合（非ヘボン式ローマ字）
6388:List of ISO romanizations
6383:Cyrillization of Japanese
6333:
6320:
6307:
6294:
6281:
6275:
6258:
6245:
6232:
6219:
6206:
6193:
6180:
6167:
6154:
6141:
6128:
6118:
6105:
6095:
6082:
6069:
6063:
6046:
6033:
6020:
6007:
5997:
5984:
5974:
5961:
5948:
5938:
5908:
5879:
5854:
5846:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5819:
5811:
5799:
5789:
5787:
5732:
5729:
5724:
5721:
5678:
5671:
5662:
5655:
5616:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5441:
5432:
5423:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5337:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5158:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5072:
5065:
5058:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5030:
5023:
4975:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4798:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4749:
4714:
4704:
4701:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4686:
4683:
4671:
4664:
4657:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4445:
4440:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4122:
4119:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4008:
3978:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3945:
3938:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3836:
3833:
3811:
3802:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3684:
3673:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3617:
3607:
3601:
3581:
3497:
3382:
3367:
3352:
3337:
3322:
3307:
3292:
3277:
3262:
3247:
3232:
3217:
3202:
3187:
3172:
3109:
3095:
3081:
3067:
3056:
3045:
3031:
3017:
3006:
2992:
2978:
2964:
2953:
2942:
2928:
2914:
2903:
2832:
2821:
2770:
2756:
2739:
2722:
2705:
2691:
2677:
2663:
2646:
2632:
2618:
2604:
2593:
2582:
2568:
2554:
2543:
2529:
2515:
2498:
2481:
2464:
2447:
2430:
2410:
2396:
2382:
2368:
2354:
2340:
2326:
2312:
2298:
2284:
2270:
2256:
2242:
2228:
2214:
2203:
2192:
2178:
2164:
2153:
2139:
2125:
2111:
2100:
2089:
2075:
2058:
2047:
2033:
2019:
2005:
1994:
1983:
1969:
1955:
1944:
1930:
1913:
1896:
1882:
1871:
1857:
1840:
1826:
1812:
1795:
1778:
1764:
1753:
1739:
1725:
1711:
1697:
1683:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1633:
1619:
1608:
1597:
1586:
1572:
1561:
1550:
1466:
1459:
1432:
1425:
1398:
1391:
1362:
1355:
1326:
1319:
1290:
1283:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1230:
1218:
1212:
1196:
1190:
1167:
1093:Non-standard romanization
981:
973:
970:. Similarly for the pair
961:
949:
933:
925:
920:Kunrei-shiki romanization
915:Kunrei-shiki romanization
866:
810:
802:
499:Kunrei-shiki romanization
425:
8547:Romanization of Japanese
8001:Sino-Japanese vocabulary
7460:Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
6893:Romanization of Japanese
6842:
6834:Romanization of Japanese
6560:Chibbett, David (1977).
3700:Historical romanizations
886:Nihon-shiki romanization
881:Nihon-shiki romanization
701:, the government of the
503:Nihon-shiki romanization
404:romanization of Japanese
8562:Japanese writing system
7947:Godan and ichidan verbs
7765:Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
6700:(in Japanese). Sanseido
6597:Nihongo Daihakubutsukan
6393:Japanese writing system
6122:, sometimes pronounced
6099:, sometimes pronounced
6001:, sometimes pronounced
5978:, sometimes pronounced
5942:, sometimes pronounced
3723:Arte da Lingoa de Iapam
676:Japanese writing system
474:borrowed from Chinese (
71:more precise citations.
6841:"Rōmaji sōdan shitsu"
1103:Japanese input methods
1059:
940:pronounced identically
749:
707:Japanese script reform
601:, and a collection of
530:Portuguese orthography
472:logographic characters
8052:Court lady language (
7522:Southern Amami Ōshima
7455:Yilan Creole Japanese
6357:, while Kōjien does.
3744:Kaisei zoho Bango sen
1174:hi-Hebon-shiki rōmaji
1085:. It was created for
1042:Japanese pitch accent
742:form (which would be
725:
613:Christianity in Japan
594:The Tale of the Heike
462:[ɾoːmaꜜ(d)ʑi]
322: / ISO 3602
7871:Small Kana Extension
7482:Eastern Old Japanese
7121:Northern Izu Islands
6856:The rōmaji conundrum
6836:at Wikimedia Commons
3688:might be written as
994:in Hepburn, but are
990:in Kunrei-shiki and
759:Hepburn romanization
754:Hepburn romanization
624:James Curtis Hepburn
495:Hepburn romanization
448:[ɾoːma(d)ʑi]
249:Japanese punctuation
7422:Pidgins and creoles
3663:etc.), nor for the
3123:, the /j/ sound in
1087:Eleanor Harz Jorden
1007:Japanese Government
839:, and romanized as
796:(usually, syllabic
678:entirely and using
599:Feiqe no monogatari
242:Typographic symbols
8223:Classical Japanese
8070:Gender differences
7906:Extended shinjitai
6803:Hishiyama Takehide
6651:Hōyaku Nippo Jisho
6350:(online version).
1054:Japanese phonology
1040:marks to note the
750:
726:Old sign from the
688:Cherokee syllabary
615:(Chibbett, 1977).
8534:
8533:
8238:
8237:
7942:Verb conjugations
7921:
7920:
7589:
7588:
7470:Japonic languages
7416:
7415:
7408:Okinawan Japanese
6972:Japanese language
6938:
6937:
6925:
6924:(ISO 3602 Strict)
6917:
6832:Media related to
6727:Nihongo Shōbunten
5859:
5858:
3591:
3590:
3117:
3116:
1488:
1487:
1279:Roman characters
784:to indicate some
412:Japanese language
400:
399:
97:
96:
89:
16:(Redirected from
8569:
8265:
8258:
8251:
8242:
8241:
8181:Polivanov system
8042:Honorific speech
7937:Japanese grammar
7600:
7599:
7475:
7474:
7016:
7015:
6965:
6958:
6951:
6942:
6941:
6923:
6915:
6886:
6879:
6872:
6863:
6862:
6851:
6831:
6809:." (地名のローマ字表記) (
6800:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6774:
6772:
6771:
6762:
6760:
6759:
6749:
6747:
6745:
6744:
6736:
6734:
6733:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6711:
6709:
6707:
6706:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6686:
6684:
6683:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6660:
6658:
6657:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6635:
6623:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6606:
6604:
6603:
6594:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6575:
6546:
6545:
6538:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6528:
6517:
6510:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6489:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6454:
6448:
6447:
6419:
6377:
6372:
6371:
6370:
6336:
6335:
6323:
6322:
6310:
6309:
6297:
6296:
6284:
6283:
6278:
6277:
6261:
6260:
6248:
6247:
6235:
6234:
6222:
6221:
6209:
6208:
6196:
6195:
6183:
6182:
6170:
6169:
6157:
6156:
6144:
6143:
6131:
6130:
6121:
6120:
6108:
6107:
6098:
6097:
6085:
6084:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6065:
6049:
6048:
6036:
6035:
6023:
6022:
6010:
6009:
6000:
5999:
5987:
5986:
5977:
5976:
5964:
5963:
5951:
5950:
5941:
5940:
5926:
5921:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5875:
5831:
5830:
5792:
5791:
5681:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5572:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5558:
5557:
5551:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5530:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5444:
5443:
5435:
5434:
5426:
5425:
5340:
5339:
5331:
5330:
5324:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5303:
5302:
5296:
5295:
5210:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5189:
5188:
5182:
5181:
5175:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5075:
5074:
5068:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5047:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5033:
5032:
5026:
5025:
4931:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4903:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4889:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4801:
4800:
4794:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4752:
4751:
4674:
4673:
4667:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4646:
4645:
4639:
4638:
4632:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4550:
4549:
4543:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4400:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4386:
4385:
4379:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4358:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4271:
4270:
4264:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4229:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4112:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4091:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4056:
4055:
3948:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3932:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3911:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3787:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3687:
3686:
3676:
3675:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3649:
3620:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3142:
3141:
1510:
1509:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1435:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1365:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1293:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1268:Revised Hepburn
1251:
1250:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1221:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1112:
1079:the pitch accent
1066:JSL romanization
1051:
986:, they are both
985:
984:
983:
977:
976:
975:
965:
964:
963:
953:
952:
951:
937:
936:
935:
929:
928:
927:
893:. Also known as
870:
869:
868:
814:
813:
812:
806:
805:
804:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
636:shows the older
609:Esopo no fabulas
575:, except before
574:
570:
558:
466:
464:
458:
457:
456:
450:
444:
441:
438:
435:
432:
428:
427:
421:
392:
385:
378:
362:Polivanov system
343:(keyboard input)
112:Japanese writing
106:
99:
98:
92:
85:
81:
78:
72:
67:this article by
58:inline citations
45:
44:
37:
21:
8577:
8576:
8572:
8571:
8570:
8568:
8567:
8566:
8552:Phonetic guides
8537:
8536:
8535:
8530:
8310:
8274:
8269:
8239:
8234:
8187:
8132:Transliteration
8127:
8103:Sound symbolism
8079:
8061:Role language (
8020:from Portuguese
7952:Irregular verbs
7930:
7928:
7917:
7866:Kana Supplement
7861:Kana Extended-B
7856:Kana Extended-A
7779:
7755:Historical kana
7721:
7663:
7642:by stroke count
7633:Kanji radicals
7627:by stroke count
7585:
7498:
7464:
7440:Hawaiian Creole
7412:
7389:
7312:
7186:
7005:
6974:
6969:
6939:
6934:
6895:
6890:
6846:(in Japanese).
6844:
6839:
6824:
6798:
6795:
6793:Further reading
6790:
6777:
6766:
6765:Nihon Shōbunten
6754:
6739:
6728:
6716:
6701:
6690:
6689:Nihon Daibunten
6678:
6663:
6652:
6640:
6632:
6619:Jasuto Shisutem
6609:
6598:
6590:Kida Jun'ichirō
6580:
6579:Jun'ichirō Kida
6572:
6555:
6550:
6549:
6540:
6539:
6535:
6526:
6524:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6507:
6498:
6496:
6491:
6490:
6486:
6477:
6475:
6470:
6469:
6465:
6460:. 17 July 2020.
6456:
6455:
6451:
6420:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6373:
6368:
6366:
6363:
6346:(7th edition),
6340:
5919:
5905:
5895:
5894:
5876:
5864:
3702:
3682:; for example,
3639:
3596:
3149:Revised Hepburn
1493:
1249:
1177:
1164:
1157:
1143:character set.
1095:
1068:
1062:
1046:diacritic marks
1034:
979:
971:
959:
947:
931:
923:
917:
911:
891:ISO 3602 Strict
883:
877:
864:
808:
800:
778:Revised Hepburn
756:
732:Toyooka Station
720:
715:
668:
659:
656:
653:
650:
597:, romanized as
589:Nifon no cotoba
585:Nihon no kotoba
526:
501:(ISO 3602) and
452:
451:
442:
439:
436:
433:
422:
396:
367:
366:
357:
347:
346:
337:
316:
307:
297:Transliteration
292:
291:
272:
259:
258:
244:
234:
233:
225:
212:
191:
181:
180:
167:
142:
128:
93:
82:
76:
73:
63:Please help to
62:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8575:
8565:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8549:
8532:
8531:
8529:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8508:
8503:
8498:
8493:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8463:
8458:
8453:
8448:
8443:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8418:
8417:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8396:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8366:
8365:
8364:
8359:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8318:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8282:
8280:
8276:
8275:
8268:
8267:
8260:
8253:
8245:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8220:
8219:
8218:
8208:
8203:
8197:
8195:
8189:
8188:
8186:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8173:
8172:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8135:
8133:
8129:
8128:
8126:
8125:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8089:
8087:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8077:
8072:
8067:
8058:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8023:
8022:
8017:
8003:
7998:
7992:Native words (
7989:
7984:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7959:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7933:
7931:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7893:
7885:
7884:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7828:
7823:
7818:
7810:
7809:
7808:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7787:
7785:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7741:
7740:
7729:
7727:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7719:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7673:
7671:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7619:
7614:
7608:
7606:
7597:
7595:Writing system
7591:
7590:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7508:
7506:
7500:
7499:
7497:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7484:
7478:
7472:
7466:
7465:
7463:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7450:Pseudo-Chinese
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7430:Bamboo English
7426:
7424:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7410:
7405:
7403:Amami Japanese
7399:
7397:
7391:
7390:
7388:
7387:
7380:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7324:
7322:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7310:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7300:
7299:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7274:
7273:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7250:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7214:
7198:
7196:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7181:
7180:
7175:
7170:
7165:
7157:
7156:
7155:
7147:
7146:
7145:
7140:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7118:
7117:
7116:
7111:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7076:
7075:
7074:
7073:
7072:
7067:
7059:
7058:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7032:
7026:
7024:
7013:
7007:
7006:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6975:
6968:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6945:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6919:
6911:
6906:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6889:
6888:
6881:
6874:
6866:
6860:
6859:
6853:
6837:
6823:
6822:External links
6820:
6819:
6818:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6750:
6712:
6674:
6636:
6630:
6576:
6570:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6548:
6547:
6533:
6505:
6484:
6472:"Oomoto.or.jp"
6463:
6449:
6430:(5): 210–213.
6413:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6379:
6378:
6362:
6359:
6339:
6338:
6325:
6312:
6299:
6286:
6263:
6250:
6237:
6224:
6211:
6198:
6185:
6172:
6159:
6146:
6133:
6110:
6087:
6074:
6051:
6038:
6025:
6012:
5989:
5966:
5953:
5929:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5856:
5853:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5841:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5786:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
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5751:
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5713:
5711:
5709:
5707:
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5688:
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5675:
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5509:
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5490:
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5480:
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5380:
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5360:
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5280:
5278:
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5264:
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5224:
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5110:
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5017:
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5012:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
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4991:
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4988:
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4709:
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4678:
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4019:
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3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3988:
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3496:
3491:
3487:
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3481:
3476:
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3427:
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3396:
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3346:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3156:
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3146:
3115:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3091:
3087:
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3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2956:
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2938:
2934:
2933:
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2905:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2894:
2891:
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2882:
2879:
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2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
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2859:
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2842:
2839:
2835:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2534:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:Kana spelling
1258:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1223:
1205:
1156:
1153:
1133:word processor
1094:
1091:
1064:Main article:
1061:
1058:
1033:
1032:Other variants
1030:
913:Main article:
910:
907:
879:Main article:
876:
873:
752:Main article:
719:
716:
714:
713:Modern systems
711:
667:
664:
628:Lafcadio Hearn
622:, named after
620:Hepburn system
607:(romanized as
604:Aesop's Fables
525:
522:
406:is the use of
398:
397:
395:
394:
387:
380:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
358:
353:
352:
349:
348:
345:
344:
336:
335:
334:
333:
328:
315:
314:
308:
303:
302:
299:
298:
294:
293:
290:
289:
284:
279:
273:
270:
269:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
256:
254:Iteration mark
251:
245:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
224:
223:
218:
211:
210:
205:
204:
203:
192:
187:
186:
183:
182:
179:
178:
173:
171:Jinmeiyō kanji
166:
165:
164:
163:
158:
153:
141:
140:
135:
129:
124:
123:
120:
119:
115:
114:
108:
107:
95:
94:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8574:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8550:
8548:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8507:
8504:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8467:
8464:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8452:
8449:
8447:
8444:
8442:
8439:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8371:
8370:
8367:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8313:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8281:
8277:
8273:
8266:
8261:
8259:
8254:
8252:
8247:
8246:
8243:
8229:
8226:
8225:
8224:
8221:
8217:
8214:
8213:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8182:
8179:
8178:
8177:
8176:Cyrillization
8174:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8164:Wāpuro rōmaji
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8141:
8140:
8137:
8136:
8134:
8130:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8088:
8086:
8082:
8076:
8073:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8064:
8059:
8057:
8055:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8012:
8011:
8009:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7995:
7994:yamato kotoba
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7982:Counter words
7980:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7924:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7848:
7846:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7832:
7829:
7827:
7824:
7822:
7819:
7817:
7814:
7813:
7811:
7807:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7797:
7794:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7739:
7736:
7735:
7734:
7731:
7730:
7728:
7724:
7718:
7717:Kana ligature
7715:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7674:
7672:
7670:
7666:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7612:Script reform
7610:
7609:
7607:
7605:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7592:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7570:
7567:
7565:
7562:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7513:
7510:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7501:
7493:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7467:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7435:Bonin English
7433:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7425:
7423:
7419:
7409:
7406:
7404:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7392:
7386:
7385:
7381:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7332:
7331:
7330:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7320:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7304:
7298:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7288:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7275:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7255:
7251:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7228:
7227:
7226:
7222:
7215:
7212:
7211:
7210:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7204:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7195:
7194:
7189:
7179:
7176:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7154:
7151:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7135:
7133:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7126:
7122:
7119:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7082:
7081:
7077:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7025:
7023:
7022:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7008:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6979:Earlier forms
6977:
6973:
6966:
6961:
6959:
6954:
6952:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6920:
6918:
6914:Kunrei-shiki
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6898:
6894:
6887:
6882:
6880:
6875:
6873:
6868:
6867:
6864:
6857:
6854:
6849:
6845:
6838:
6835:
6830:
6826:
6825:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6799:(in Japanese)
6797:
6796:
6775:
6751:
6737:
6715:Mineo Ikegami
6713:
6699:
6675:
6661:
6637:
6633:
6631:4-88309-046-9
6627:
6620:
6607:
6591:
6577:
6573:
6571:0-87011-288-0
6567:
6563:
6558:
6557:
6543:
6537:
6523:
6519:
6509:
6494:
6488:
6473:
6467:
6459:
6453:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6418:
6414:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6365:
6358:
6356:
6351:
6349:
6345:
6330:
6326:
6317:
6313:
6304:
6300:
6291:
6287:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6255:
6251:
6242:
6238:
6229:
6225:
6216:
6212:
6203:
6199:
6190:
6186:
6177:
6173:
6164:
6160:
6151:
6147:
6138:
6134:
6125:
6115:
6111:
6102:
6092:
6088:
6079:
6075:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6043:
6039:
6030:
6026:
6017:
6013:
6004:
5994:
5990:
5981:
5971:
5967:
5958:
5954:
5945:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5925:
5924:[beː]
5917:
5903:
5892:
5888:
5874:
5869:
5851:
5850:
5843:
5842:
5835:
5834:
5824:
5823:
5816:
5815:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5796:
5795:
5785:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5727:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5693:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5567:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5516:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5448:
5446:
5439:
5437:
5430:
5428:
5421:
5419:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5346:
5345:
5342:
5335:
5333:
5326:
5319:
5312:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5216:
5215:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5170:
5163:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5140:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5108:
5105:
5102:
5099:
5081:
5080:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4955:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4884:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4825:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4655:
4648:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4494:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4353:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4304:
4277:
4276:
4273:
4266:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4196:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4134:
4125:
4116:
4115:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3943:
3936:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3681:
3670:
3666:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3587:
3584:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2094:
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2086:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1921:
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1916:
1910:
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1471:
1464:
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1396:
1389:
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1380:
1377:
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1372:
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1367:
1360:
1353:
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1336:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:Kunrei-shiki
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:Romanization
1252:
1240:
1239:
1238:wāpuro rōmaji
1227:
1224:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1162:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:wāpuro rōmaji
1134:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1109:wāpuro rōmaji
1104:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1003:
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997:
993:
989:
969:
957:
945:
941:
921:
916:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
887:
882:
872:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
774:
772:
768:
764:
760:
755:
747:
746:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
663:
645:
644:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
621:
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614:
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586:
582:
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566:
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546:
545:
539:
535:
531:
521:
519:
515:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
468:
463:
455:
449:
440:Roman letters
420:
419:
413:
410:to write the
409:
405:
393:
388:
386:
381:
379:
374:
373:
371:
370:
363:
360:
359:
356:
355:Cyrillization
351:
350:
342:
339:
338:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
321:
318:
317:
313:
310:
309:
306:
301:
300:
296:
295:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
268:
267:
263:
262:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
243:
238:
237:
230:
227:
226:
222:
219:
217:
214:
213:
209:
206:
202:
199:
198:
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194:
193:
190:
185:
184:
177:
174:
172:
169:
168:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
143:
139:
136:
134:
131:
130:
127:
122:
121:
117:
116:
113:
110:
109:
105:
101:
100:
91:
88:
80:
77:February 2021
70:
66:
60:
59:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
8557:Romanization
8445:
8362:in Singapore
8272:Romanization
8169:In Esperanto
8139:Romanization
8138:
8093:Pitch accent
8075:Dictionaries
8062:
8054:nyōbō kotoba
8053:
8007:
8006:Loan words (
7993:
7977:Topic marker
7891:ARIB STD B24
7637:by frequency
7517:Amami Ōshima
7394:
7383:
7342:
7328:
7318:
7306:
7293:East San'in
7277:
7253:
7224:
7202:
7192:
7128:
7079:
7035:
7020:
7001:Early Modern
6991:Early Middle
6922:Nihon-shiki
6892:
6802:
6764:
6753:Hiroshi Hino
6726:
6688:
6650:
6596:
6561:
6536:
6525:. Retrieved
6508:
6497:. Retrieved
6487:
6476:. Retrieved
6466:
6452:
6427:
6423:
6417:
6375:Japan portal
6354:
6352:
6341:
6328:
6315:
6302:
6289:
6270:
6266:
6253:
6240:
6227:
6214:
6201:
6188:
6175:
6162:
6149:
6136:
6123:
6113:
6100:
6090:
6077:
6058:
6054:
6041:
6028:
6015:
6002:
5992:
5979:
5969:
5956:
5943:
5933:
5915:
5914:from German
5890:
5886:
5873:enu-eichi-kē
5865:
3743:
3739:
3733:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3709:
3705:
3693:
3689:
3679:
3668:
3642:
3640:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3597:
3585:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3493:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3383:
3378:
3368:
3363:
3353:
3348:
3338:
3333:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3303:
3293:
3288:
3278:
3273:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3218:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3188:
3183:
3173:
3168:
3159:Kunrei-shiki
3118:
1534:Kunrei-shiki
1505:Kunrei-shiki
1494:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1455:to continue
1448:
1443:
1438:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1274:Nihon-shiki
1225:
1207:
1201:
1185:
1160:
1158:
1145:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1100:
1096:
1070:
1069:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
967:
955:
943:
919:
918:
909:Kunrei-shiki
902:
898:
895:Nippon-shiki
894:
885:
884:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
797:
777:
775:
770:
758:
757:
748:in Hepburn).
744:
740:kunrei-shiki
739:
735:
692:
683:
679:
669:
641:
637:
631:
617:
608:
602:
598:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
564:
560:
542:
527:
517:
514:World War II
511:
507:
491:romanization
488:
469:
417:
408:Latin script
403:
401:
320:Kunrei-shiki
304:
271:Syllabograms
176:Hyōgai kanji
156:Kyōiku kanji
133:Stroke order
83:
74:
55:
8149:Nihon-shiki
8032:Wasei-kango
7967:Possessives
7927:Grammar and
7760:Modern kana
7745:Punctuation
7726:Orthography
7547:Tokunoshima
7159:Gifu-Aichi
7129:Tōkai–Tōsan
6996:Late Middle
6495:. Age.ne.jp
6493:"Age.ne.jp"
3726:(1604–1608)
3633:by others.
3631:kekkon suru
3154:Nihon-shiki
1529:Nihon-shiki
1501:Nihon-shiki
1155:Long vowels
903:Nippon-siki
875:Nihon-shiki
786:long vowels
767:Anglophones
657:ghost tales
544:Nippo jisho
326:Nihon-shiki
69:introducing
8541:Categories
8526:Vietnamese
8394:Macedonian
8374:Belarusian
8193:Literature
8063:yakuwarigo
8047:Honorifics
8027:Wasei-eigo
8015:from Dutch
7962:Adjectives
7929:vocabulary
7707:Hentaigana
7702:Man'yōgana
7542:Okinoerabu
7246:Okuyoshino
6916:(ISO 3602)
6527:2018-08-19
6499:2011-02-25
6478:2011-02-25
6404:References
5899:is called
3627:kekkonsuru
1421:to shrink
1314:Mount Fuji
1083:diacritics
1026:Kunreisiki
899:Nihon-siki
841:Jun'ichirō
790:apostrophe
709:followed.
567:, and the
553:consonants
216:Man'yōgana
201:Hentaigana
161:Tōyō kanji
146:Jōyō kanji
118:Components
52:references
8471:Maldivian
8466:Malayalam
8441:Inuktitut
8409:Ukrainian
8379:Bulgarian
8357:in Taiwan
8085:Phonology
7972:Particles
7911:Half/Full
7841:Shift JIS
7770:Yotsugana
7750:Kanazukai
7692:Okurigana
7604:Logograms
7216:Shiramine
7061:Southern
7041:Northern
6677:Tadao Doi
6639:Tadao Doi
6409:Citations
6342:Sources:
5880:エヌ・エイチ・ケー
5800:n, m, ˜ (
3667:or small
1257:Japanese
1200:(Hepburn
1168:非ヘボン式ローマ字
672:Meiji era
583:; and so
482:scripts (
282:Okurigana
8491:Sanskrit
8446:Japanese
8421:Georgian
8369:Cyrillic
8332:Armenian
8291:BGN/PCGN
8008:gairaigo
7987:Numerals
7957:Pronouns
7896:Enclosed
7876:Katakana
7851:Hiragana
7847:Unicode
7802:ISO/IEC
7784:Encoding
7687:Furigana
7682:Katakana
7677:Hiragana
7579:Yonaguni
7559:Southern
7537:Okinawan
7532:Kunigami
7512:Northern
7504:Ryukyuan
7445:Kyowa-go
7376:Tsushima
7366:Nagasaki
7361:Kumamoto
7349:Chikuzen
7213:Kanazawa
7203:Hokuriku
7138:Shizuoka
7105:Eastern
7094:Kanagawa
7085:Western
7030:Hokkaidō
7011:Dialects
6848:Archived
6763:(1993).
6725:(1993).
6687:(1955).
6649:(1980).
6613:ジャストシステム
6595:(1994).
6361:See also
6348:Daijisen
5896:♭
5870:is read
5603:rio, reo
5597:ria, rea
5370:mio, meo
5365:mia, mea
5106:bio, beo
4962:fio, feo
4832:nho, neo
4829:nhu, niu
3976:qio, qeo
2533:m~n~ŋ~ɴ
2527:n-n'(-m)
1519:Katakana
1514:Hiragana
1386:governor
1254:English
1075:phonemic
1015:ISO 3602
1009:and the
794:phonemes
630:'s book
480:syllabic
277:Furigana
208:Katakana
196:Hiragana
138:Radicals
8501:Tibetan
8486:Persian
8476:Marathi
8404:Serbian
8399:Russian
8352:Chinese
8347:Burmese
8337:Bengali
8322:Amharic
8211:Writers
8144:Hepburn
8098:Rendaku
8037:Engrish
7733:Braille
7654:Ryakuji
7574:Yaeyama
7492:grammar
7487:Hachijō
7384:Satsugū
7343:Hichiku
7329:Hōnichi
7283:San'yō
7278:Chūgoku
7254:Shikoku
7193:Western
7153:Nagaoka
7149:Echigo
7114:Tochigi
7109:Ibaraki
7070:Nairiku
7050:Tsugaru
7021:Eastern
6904:Hepburn
6843:ローマ字相談室
6811:Archive
6602:日本語大博物館
6553:Sources
6290:daburyū
5920:German:
5772:ije, ÿe
4174:go, gho
4168:gu, ghu
4162:ga, gha
3965:qe, que
3959:qi, qui
3806:i, j, y
3594:Spacing
2893:ʑo~dʑo
2873:ʑɯ~dʑɯ
2853:ʑa~dʑa
2811:zɯ~dzɯ
2791:ʑi~dʑi
2760:ʑo~dʑo
2743:ʑɯ~dʑɯ
2726:ʑa~dʑa
2709:zo~dzo
2695:ze~dze
2681:zɯ~dzɯ
2667:ʑi~dʑi
2650:za~dza
1524:Hepburn
1497:Hepburn
1473:tsuzuku
1439:chijimu
1343:Huzisan
1338:Huzisan
1333:Fujisan
811:じゅんいちろう
788:and an
763:Romance
738:is the
730:era at
718:Hepburn
670:In the
651:
633:Kwaidan
551:. Some
524:History
434:
312:Hepburn
287:Braille
65:improve
8521:Uyghur
8506:Telugu
8496:Syriac
8481:Nepali
8456:Korean
8431:Hebrew
8389:Kyrgyz
8384:Kazakh
8342:Berber
8327:Arabic
8286:ALA-LC
8206:Poetry
8154:Kunrei
8116:Kan-on
7887:Other
7796:EUC-JP
7712:Sōgana
7697:Gojūon
7649:Kokuji
7617:Kanbun
7569:Tarama
7564:Miyako
7354:Hakata
7319:Kyūshū
7307:Umpaku
7270:Sanuki
7236:Banshū
7225:Kansai
7168:Mikawa
7163:Nagoya
7143:Narada
7036:Tōhoku
6930:Wāpuro
6781:新人物往来社
6732:日本語小文典
6656:邦訳日葡辞書
6628:
6568:
6444:318376
6442:
6344:Kōjien
6303:ekkusu
5889:, not
5706:vo, uo
5697:va, ua
4431:io, jo
4428:iu, ju
4425:ia, ja
4419:ie, ye
4413:ii, ji
4126:gu, gv
4012:cu, ku
4006:ca, ka
3962:cu, qu
3815:vo, uo
3746:(1848)
3736:(1620)
3714:(1603)
3665:sokuon
3613:kekkon
3180:おう, おお
3131:, and
2414:wa~ɰa
1483:tuduku
1478:tuzuku
1449:tidimu
1444:tizimu
1307:rômazi
1302:rômazi
1297:rōmaji
1161:rōmaji
1115:Wāpuro
1081:using
958:, but
867:じゅにちろう
782:macron
745:Kokufu
736:Kokuhu
695:Oomoto
684:rōmaji
680:rōmaji
643:Kaidan
549:vowels
538:Jesuit
534:Anjirō
518:rōmaji
478:) and
418:rōmaji
341:Wāpuro
305:Rōmaji
229:Gojūon
221:Sōgana
54:, but
18:Romaji
8451:Khmer
8436:Hindi
8426:Greek
8414:Uzbek
8228:texts
8201:Books
8121:Tō-on
8111:Go-on
7738:Kanji
7659:Ateji
7622:Kanji
7552:Yoron
7527:Kikai
7395:Other
7297:Inshū
7287:Bingo
7241:Kishū
7231:Awaji
7099:Tokyo
7089:Gunma
7080:Kantō
7065:Kesen
7055:Akita
7045:Nanbu
6770:日本小文典
6694:日本大文典
6584:紀田順一郎
6440:JSTOR
6329:zetto
6295:ダブリュー
6059:etchi
6055:eichi
5820:n, m
5802:tilde
4183:ghio
3998:quio
3671:kana
1405:chiji
1141:ASCII
1130:sessā
1119:blend
1117:is a
1052:(see
579:) as
476:kanji
126:Kanji
8516:Urdu
8511:Thai
8306:Yale
8296:GOST
7836:0213
7831:0212
7826:0211
7821:0208
7816:0201
7812:JIS
7806:2022
7669:Kana
7371:Saga
7335:Ōita
7265:Tosa
7209:Kaga
7178:Hida
7173:Mino
6743:岩波書店
6720:池上岑夫
6682:土井忠生
6667:岩波書店
6644:土井忠生
6626:ISBN
6566:ISBN
6308:エックス
5852:1620
5844:1604
5836:1603
5817:1620
5809:1604
5797:1603
5761:1848
5746:1620
5719:1604
5694:1603
5636:1848
5624:1620
5610:1604
5579:1603
5500:1620
5483:1604
5457:1603
5404:1848
5390:1620
5377:1604
5347:1603
5274:1848
5260:1620
5247:1604
5217:1603
5141:1848
5126:1620
5113:1604
5082:1603
4994:1848
4983:1620
4969:1604
4938:1603
4862:1848
4855:1620
4839:1604
4808:1603
4735:dsoe
4729:1848
4722:1620
4712:1604
4681:1603
4608:tsoe
4602:1848
4595:1620
4588:1604
4557:1603
4475:1848
4459:1620
4438:1604
4407:1603
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