248:. On August 22, R2 was powered up for the first time while in low earth orbit. This was called a "power soak" which is a power system test only with no movement. On October 13, R2 moved for the first time while in space. The conditions aboard the space station provide a proving ground for robots to work shoulder to shoulder with people in microgravity. Once this has been demonstrated inside the station, software upgrades and lower bodies may be added, allowing R2 to move around the interior of the station and perform maintenance tasks, such as vacuuming or cleaning filters. A pair of legs were delivered to the ISS on
302:
154:
170:
275:
290:
130:
142:
314:
20:
213:
349:
209:
added to reduce electromagnetic interference, processors were upgraded to increase the robot's radiation tolerance, the original fans were replaced with quieter ones to accommodate the station's noise requirements, and the power system was rewired to run on the station's direct current system rather than the alternating current used on the ground.
107:
on planetary surfaces, where
Robonaut could explore a planetary surface while receiving instructions from orbiting astronauts above. Robonaut B was introduced in 2002, R1B is a portable version of R1. R1 had several lower bodies. One of these was the Zero-G Leg, which if Robonaut was working on the
208:
R2 was designed as a prototype to be used on Earth, but mission managers were impressed by R2 and chose to send it to the ISS. Various upgrades were made to qualify it for use inside the station. The outer skin materials were exchanged to meet the station's flammability requirements, shielding was
228:
pair to provide depth information and visible stereo images to the system. This allows the R2 to "see", which is one of the basic preconditions to fulfill its tasks. To integrate the various sensor data types in a single development environment, the image processing software Halcon 9.0 from MVTec
193:. One of the improvements over the previous Robonaut generation is that R2 does not need constant supervision. In anticipation of a future destination in which distance and time delays would make continuous management problematic, R2 was designed to be set to tasks and then carry them through
181:
was revealed to the public. R2 is capable of speeds more than four times faster than R1, is more compact, more dexterous, and includes a deeper and wider range of sensing. It can move its arms up to 2 m/s, has a 40 lb payload capacity, and its hands have a grasping force of roughly
255:
Further upgrades could be added to allow R2 to work outside in the vacuum of space, where R2 could help spacewalkers perform repairs, make additions to the station or conduct scientific experiments. There were initially no plans to return the launched R2 to earth.
51:. Robonaut differs from other current space-faring robots in that, while most current space robotic systems (such as robotic arms, cranes and exploration rovers) are designed to move large objects, Robonaut's tasks require more dexterity.
108:
space station he would climb using the external handrails and then use his zero-g leg to latch onto the station using a WIF socket. Another was the
Robotic Mobility Platform (RMP), developed in 2003, it is a base with two wheels using a
84:
and can hold tools used by the crew. However, Robonaut 2 does not have adequate protection needed to exist outside the space station and enhancements and modifications would be required to allow it to move around the station's interior.
264:
NASA announced on 1 April 2018 that R2 would return to Earth in May 2018 with CRS-14 Dragon for repair and eventual relaunch in about a year's time. As of 2018 NASA planned to return R2 for repairs and then relaunch.
924:#Robonaut stopped powering up. Crew troubleshooted. Electrical fault present. Coming back on CRS-14 next month for repair. Should be relaunched in about a year to go back to ISS. #SpaceX #Falcon9 #Dragon #CRS14
596:
Segway's self-balancing robot platform takes up about 2 square feet and comes equipped with software and interface electronics necessary to receive, process and execute commands from an onboard robot payload.
973:
A humanoid dextrous robot — at least the top half — already exists: Robonaut 2, developed by NASA and
General Motors, is packed on the shuttle Discovery, scheduled for liftoff on Wednesday.
123:
expressed interest in the project and proposed to team up with NASA. In 2007 a Space Act
Agreement was signed that allowed GM and NASA to work together on the next generation of Robonaut.
546:
1097:
1062:
1029:
No. 1, 59-65 (Jan. 2008); also paper IAC-04-IAA.3.7.2.05, 55th
International Astronautical Federation Congress (2004). (A popular version is
992:
1084:
496:
1160:
1075:
301:
113:
197:
with periodic status checks. While not all human range of motion and sensitivity has been duplicated, the robot's hand has 12
1628:
62:
and dexterity are designed such that
Robonaut "is capable of performing all the tasks required of an EVA-suited crewmember."
937:
553:
633:
153:
1555:
522:
988:
R.O. Ambrose, H. Aldridge, R.S. Askew, R. Burridge, W. Bluethman, M.A. Diftler, C. Lovchik, D. Magruder, F. Rehnmark,
268:
NASA's experience with R2 on the station will help them understand its capabilities for possible deep space missions.
1094:
1030:
274:
198:
337:
that, if it had been approved, would have had the objective of landing an R2 robot on the Moon within 1,000 days.
313:
656:
1669:
469:
334:
40:
579:
1153:
1089:
1037:
422:
289:
129:
744:
189:
Station crew members will be able to operate R2, as will controllers on the ground; both will do so using
80:
in
February 2011. The first US-built robot on the ISS, R2 is a robotic torso designed to assist with crew
73:
141:
1321:
252:
in April 2014. The battery backpack was planned to be launched on a later flight in Summer/Fall 2014.
1146:
989:
112:. And the four wheeled Centaur 1, which was developed in 2006. Robonaut has participated in NASA's
1015:
874:
848:
389:
81:
69:", and R2 will provide performance data about how a robot may work side-by-side with astronauts.
956:
1057:
896:
696:
1659:
1654:
1331:
919:
768:. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Vol. 2. pp. 907–912.
8:
1429:
1399:
362:
99:
was the first model. The two
Robonaut versions (R1A and R1B) had many partners including
169:
787:
354:
54:
The core idea behind the
Robonaut series is to have a humanoid machine work alongside
1072:
807:
1067:
1547:
1004:
799:
769:
552:. International Conference on Robotics & Automation. April 2004. Archived from
330:
194:
826:
35:, part of a development project conducted by the Dexterous Robotics Laboratory at
1633:
1618:
1414:
1404:
1101:
1079:
996:
763:
66:
641:
1664:
1582:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1439:
1434:
1419:
1384:
1369:
1291:
1169:
961:
385:
221:
120:
32:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1025:
G. Landis, "Teleoperation from Mars Orbit: A Proposal for Human
Exploration,"
870:
844:
803:
773:
529:
423:"SPACE STATION TELEROBOTICS: DESIGNING A HUMAN-ROBOT INTERFACE AIAA 2001-5110"
1648:
1379:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1301:
1248:
1212:
811:
400:
367:
225:
104:
1572:
1497:
1409:
1374:
1197:
1134:
Animation of a Robonaut centaur installing a nuclear powerplant on the moon
721:
608:
442:
249:
202:
190:
1602:
1597:
1577:
1537:
1465:
1336:
1253:
281:
1008:
420:
103:. None were flown to space. Other designs for Robonaut propose uses for
1389:
1207:
1202:
65:
NASA states, "Robonauts are essential to NASA's future as we go beyond
55:
1527:
790:; Ambrose, R.O. (2003). "Haptic feedback applications for Robonaut".
664:
584:
201:
as well as 2 degrees of freedom in the wrist. The R2 model also uses
109:
19:
473:
88:
As of 2018 NASA planned to return R2 for repairs and then relaunch.
1532:
1222:
1073:
Robonaut 2 ready for International Space Station - April 14th, 2010
376:
212:
1138:
1502:
1460:
1232:
1192:
241:
183:
77:
44:
1623:
1587:
1522:
1424:
1394:
1242:
1119:
NASA to launch R2 to join Space Station Crew - April 12th, 2010
1052:
394:
371:
59:
1492:
1487:
1479:
1444:
1306:
1296:
1273:
1237:
1217:
1039:
SPACE STATION TELEROBOTICS: DESIGNING A HUMAN-ROBOT INTERFACE
957:"At NASA, a Quiet Quest to Send a Humanoid Robot to the Moon"
100:
48:
497:"Future Mars Explorers Might Only See the Planet from Orbit"
1326:
1316:
1311:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1227:
612:
380:
36:
182:
5 lbs. per finger. There are over 350 sensors and 38
1177:
743:
Joson, Imelda B.; Aguirre, Edwin L. (February 23, 2011).
245:
1129:
Animation of a teleoperated legged Robonaut on the moon
780:
230:
72:
The latest Robonaut version, R2, was delivered to the
938:"Will NASA Send Robots to the Moon with "Project M?""
421:
J. L. Rochlis; John-Paul Clarke; S. M. Goza. (2001).
344:
259:
1085:
In-depth article on Robonaut at NASASpaceFlight.com
1016:
Evolution of the NASA/DARPA Robonaut Control System
786:
765:
The Robonaut hand: a dexterous robot hand for space
755:
437:
435:
1014:M. A. Diftler, C. J. Culbert, and R.O. Ambrose, "
920:"Tweet from Managing Editor for NASA Spaceflight"
1646:
432:
379:– Floating camera robot deployed on the ISS by
827:"Vision Software Enables NASA Robonaut to See"
761:
1154:
1036:J. L. Rochlis, John-Paul Clarke, S. M. Goza.
657:"NASA auditions robots for lunar exploration"
324:
1124:Robonaut Animation Depicting EVA work on ISS
1020:IEEE International Conf. Robotics Automation
742:
1058:Robonaut2 NASA press release and fact sheet
547:"Mobile Manipulation using NASA's Robonaut"
244:on February 24, 2011, and delivered to the
173:R2 moves for the first time aboard the ISS.
1161:
1147:
494:
414:
235:
224:imager will be used in conjunction with a
1003:, No. 4, pp. 57–63, July/Aug. 2000,
1001:IEEE Intelligent Systems Journal, Vol. 15
495:Wethington, Nicholos (December 3, 2007).
464:
462:
460:
935:
824:
370:– Floating robot deployed on the ISS by
329:In late 2009, a proposed mission called
211:
168:
18:
1090:Robonaut: A Robotic Astronaut Assistant
691:
689:
687:
685:
683:
681:
580:"Segway platform puts robots in motion"
1647:
654:
528:. Johnson Space Center. Archived from
457:
397:, first fully humanoid robot astronaut
114:Desert Research and Technology Studies
1629:List of fictional robots and androids
1142:
954:
871:"First Movement of Robonaut 2 on ISS"
762:Lovchik, C.S.; Diftler, M.A. (1999).
577:
678:
220:In the design of the R2 robot, a 3D
116:field trials in the Arizona desert.
1556:Battlefield Extraction-Assist Robot
1168:
955:Chang, Kenneth (November 1, 2010).
936:Atkinson, Nancy (5 February 2010).
655:Berger, Brian (November 27, 2006).
520:
13:
982:
917:
403:– Russian humanoid robot astronaut
14:
1681:
1046:
948:
578:Malik, Tariq (October 20, 2004).
307:R2 with proposed terrestrial legs
260:2018 Repair and possible relaunch
634:"Robonaut: Project M Whitepaper"
347:
312:
300:
288:
273:
216:Robonaut being upgraded on-orbit
152:
140:
128:
119:In 2006, the automotive company
990:ROBONAUT: NASA's Space Humanoid
929:
911:
889:
877:from the original on 2021-12-12
863:
851:from the original on 2021-12-12
837:
818:
736:
714:
648:
470:"Robonaut Robonaut ISS Mission"
745:"NASA's First Robot Astronaut"
626:
601:
571:
539:
514:
488:
388:, a similar robot on Earth by
159:Robonaut attached to Centaur 1
41:Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
1:
1095:Robonaut 2 Overview slideshow
825:Kreutzer, Lutz (1 May 2012).
407:
164:
91:
205:at the tips of its fingers.
7:
1027:Acta Astronautica, Vol. 61,
1022:, pp. 2543–2548, 2003.
918:G., Chris (April 1, 2018).
845:"Welcome Aboard Robonaut 2"
340:
319:R2 with its 'climbing legs'
240:Robonaut 2 was launched on
74:International Space Station
10:
1686:
1322:Murata Boy and Murata Girl
1114:NASA/GM Overview of the R2
1063:Robonaut2 GM press release
325:Project M (R2 on the moon)
229:Software (Munich, Germany
1611:
1565:
1546:
1478:
1453:
1345:
1282:
1185:
1176:
1107:
804:10.1108/01439910310506800
774:10.1109/ROBOT.1999.772420
186:processors in the robot.
897:"Twitter- AstroRobonaut"
697:"Robonaut 2: Fact Sheet"
295:R2 attached to Centaur 2
147:Robonaut attached to RMP
135:Robonaut with zero-g leg
236:2011 Testing at the ISS
472:. NASA. Archived from
217:
174:
24:
1670:Humanoid space robots
899:. NASA. 12 March 2014
215:
172:
23:Two Robonaut 2 robots
22:
1332:Toyota Partner Robot
1068:Old Robonaut Website
873:. NASA. 2011-11-02.
847:. NASA. 2011-09-19.
443:"Robonaut home page"
335:Johnson Space Center
1430:Robot Man of Szeged
1031:available from NASA
1009:10.1109/5254.867913
749:Sky & Telescope
363:List of NASA robots
280:R2 aboard ISS with
1100:2016-07-31 at the
1078:2013-11-02 at the
1053:Robonaut home page
995:2012-10-02 at the
355:Spaceflight portal
218:
199:degrees of freedom
177:In February 2010,
175:
25:
1642:
1641:
1474:
1473:
831:Photonics Spectra
667:on March 26, 2014
521:Ambrose, Robert.
333:was announced by
1677:
1405:MAHRU & AHRA
1400:Leonardo's robot
1183:
1182:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1139:
976:
975:
970:
969:
952:
946:
945:
933:
927:
926:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
841:
835:
834:
822:
816:
815:
792:Industrial Robot
784:
778:
777:
759:
753:
752:
740:
734:
733:
731:
729:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
701:
693:
676:
675:
673:
672:
663:. Archived from
652:
646:
645:
640:. Archived from
630:
624:
623:
621:
619:
605:
599:
598:
593:
592:
575:
569:
568:
566:
564:
558:
551:
543:
537:
536:
534:
527:
518:
512:
511:
509:
507:
492:
486:
485:
483:
481:
466:
455:
454:
452:
450:
439:
430:
429:
427:
418:
357:
352:
351:
350:
316:
304:
292:
277:
156:
144:
132:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1634:Robot fetishism
1607:
1561:
1542:
1470:
1449:
1347:
1341:
1284:
1278:
1172:
1170:Humanoid robots
1167:
1110:
1102:Wayback Machine
1080:Wayback Machine
1049:
1041:AIAA 2001-5110
997:Wayback Machine
985:
983:Further reading
980:
979:
967:
965:
953:
949:
934:
930:
916:
912:
902:
900:
895:
894:
890:
880:
878:
869:
868:
864:
854:
852:
843:
842:
838:
823:
819:
785:
781:
760:
756:
741:
737:
727:
725:
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
699:
695:
694:
679:
670:
668:
653:
649:
632:
631:
627:
617:
615:
607:
606:
602:
590:
588:
576:
572:
562:
560:
556:
549:
545:
544:
540:
532:
525:
519:
515:
505:
503:
493:
489:
479:
477:
468:
467:
458:
448:
446:
441:
440:
433:
425:
419:
415:
410:
353:
348:
346:
343:
327:
320:
317:
308:
305:
296:
293:
284:
278:
262:
238:
179:Robonaut 2 (R2)
167:
160:
157:
148:
145:
136:
133:
97:Robonaut 1 (R1)
94:
67:low Earth orbit
17:
12:
11:
5:
1683:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1583:Geoff Peterson
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1048:
1047:External links
1045:
1044:
1043:
1034:
1023:
1012:
984:
981:
978:
977:
962:New York Times
947:
942:Universe Today
928:
910:
888:
862:
836:
817:
798:(6): 531–542.
788:O'Malley, M.K.
779:
754:
735:
713:
677:
647:
644:on 2010-05-27.
625:
600:
570:
538:
535:on 2011-07-21.
513:
501:Universe Today
487:
476:on 31 May 2011
456:
431:
412:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
398:
392:
386:Justin (robot)
383:
374:
365:
359:
358:
342:
339:
326:
323:
322:
321:
318:
311:
309:
306:
299:
297:
294:
287:
285:
279:
272:
261:
258:
237:
234:
222:time of flight
166:
163:
162:
161:
158:
151:
149:
146:
139:
137:
134:
127:
121:General Motors
93:
90:
33:humanoid robot
16:Humanoid robot
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1682:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1213:Robosapien v2
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
991:
987:
986:
974:
964:
963:
958:
951:
943:
939:
932:
925:
921:
914:
898:
892:
876:
872:
866:
850:
846:
840:
832:
828:
821:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
783:
775:
771:
767:
766:
758:
750:
746:
739:
723:
717:
698:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
682:
666:
662:
658:
651:
643:
639:
635:
629:
614:
610:
604:
597:
587:
586:
581:
574:
559:on 2010-06-24
555:
548:
542:
531:
524:
517:
502:
498:
491:
475:
471:
465:
463:
461:
444:
438:
436:
424:
417:
413:
402:
401:FEDOR (robot)
399:
396:
393:
391:
387:
384:
382:
378:
375:
373:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
356:
345:
338:
336:
332:
315:
310:
303:
298:
291:
286:
283:
276:
271:
270:
269:
266:
257:
253:
251:
247:
243:
233:
231:
227:
226:stereo camera
223:
214:
210:
206:
204:
203:touch sensors
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
180:
171:
155:
150:
143:
138:
131:
126:
125:
124:
122:
117:
115:
111:
106:
105:teleoperation
102:
98:
89:
86:
83:
79:
75:
70:
68:
63:
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
1592:
1038:
1026:
1019:
1000:
972:
966:. Retrieved
960:
950:
941:
931:
923:
913:
901:. Retrieved
891:
879:. Retrieved
865:
853:. Retrieved
839:
830:
820:
795:
791:
782:
764:
757:
748:
738:
726:. Retrieved
722:"Robonaut 2"
716:
704:. Retrieved
669:. Retrieved
665:the original
660:
650:
642:the original
637:
628:
616:. Retrieved
603:
595:
589:. Retrieved
583:
573:
561:. Retrieved
554:the original
541:
530:the original
516:
504:. Retrieved
500:
490:
478:. Retrieved
474:the original
447:. Retrieved
416:
328:
267:
263:
254:
239:
219:
207:
195:autonomously
191:telepresence
188:
178:
176:
118:
96:
95:
87:
71:
64:
53:
28:
26:
1660:2010 robots
1655:2002 robots
1603:Telenoid R1
1578:Gakutensoku
1566:Upper torso
1538:Mitra Robot
1466:Land Walker
1337:Xianxingzhe
282:Dan Burbank
232:) is used.
60:form factor
1649:Categories
1390:IsaacRobot
1245:and Mirata
1208:RoboSapien
1203:FemiSapien
968:2010-11-01
881:3 November
855:3 November
671:2011-06-24
609:"Robonaut"
591:2010-11-01
523:"Robonaut"
408:References
165:Robonaut 2
92:Robonaut 1
56:astronauts
1528:TOPIO Dio
812:0143-991X
585:USA Today
506:12 August
331:Project M
110:Segway PT
76:(ISS) by
43:(JSC) in
1619:Androids
1593:Robonaut
1533:Wakamaru
1420:P series
1370:E series
1223:RS Media
1098:Archived
1076:Archived
993:Archived
903:29 March
875:Archived
849:Archived
661:NBC News
377:Int-Ball
341:See also
29:robonaut
1624:Cyborgs
1612:Related
1548:Tracked
1503:i-SOBOT
1480:Wheeled
1461:Elektro
1415:Optimus
1233:JO-ZERO
1193:Bioloid
728:25 June
706:25 June
618:26 June
563:26 June
242:STS-133
184:PowerPC
78:STS-133
45:Houston
1588:Mindar
1558:(BEAR)
1523:Seropi
1518:Sanbot
1513:Pepper
1508:Justin
1440:Surena
1435:Sophia
1425:PETMAN
1395:Kobian
1385:George
1346:Human-
1292:Archie
1285:medium
1283:Small,
1243:Kirobo
1178:Legged
1108:Videos
1018:," in
810:
724:. NASA
702:. NASA
480:27 May
449:27 May
445:. Nasa
395:Kirobo
372:Airbus
58:. Its
1665:DARPA
1598:Shalu
1493:EMIEW
1488:GuRoo
1445:TOPIO
1380:FEDOR
1365:Atlas
1360:Ameca
1355:Ai-Da
1348:sized
1307:GuRoo
1302:Flame
1297:ASIMO
1274:SIGMO
1249:Manav
1238:KHR-1
1218:Ropid
700:(PDF)
557:(PDF)
550:(PDF)
533:(PDF)
526:(PDF)
426:(PDF)
368:CIMON
250:SpX-3
101:DARPA
49:Texas
31:is a
1573:Domo
1498:Enon
1410:Musa
1375:Eric
1327:REEM
1317:iCub
1312:HUBO
1269:QRIO
1264:Plen
1259:PINO
1228:HOAP
1198:Coco
1186:Mini
905:2014
883:2011
857:2011
808:ISSN
730:2011
708:2011
638:NASA
620:2011
613:NASA
565:2011
508:2009
482:2011
451:2011
381:JAXA
82:EVAs
37:NASA
1454:Big
1254:Nao
1005:doi
800:doi
770:doi
390:DLR
246:ISS
39:'s
1651::
1033:.)
999:,
971:.
959:.
940:.
922:.
829:.
806:.
796:30
794:.
747:.
680:^
659:.
636:.
611:.
594:.
582:.
499:.
459:^
434:^
47:,
27:A
1162:e
1155:t
1148:v
1011:.
1007::
944:.
907:.
885:.
859:.
833:.
814:.
802::
776:.
772::
751:.
732:.
710:.
674:.
622:.
567:.
510:.
484:.
453:.
428:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
