33:
3123:
840:
is much less democratic than it ought to be, given that its authors were operating from a position of "profound ignorance" about the future. However, he adds that there is little or nothing that can be done about this "short of some constitutional breakdown, which I neither foresee nor, certainly,
424:
In addition to his work on the descriptive theory of democracy, he was long occupied with the formulation of the constituent elements of democracy considered as a theoretical but realizable ideal. By virtue of the cogency, clarity, and veracity of his portrayal of some of the key characteristics of
448:
After World War II, Dahl returned to Yale in 1946, where he was offered a temporary position teaching
American government. The position became permanent, and Dahl remained at Yale his entire career, until his retirement in 1986. He was Eugene Meyer Professor of Political Science from 1955 to 1964,
1537:
My nominal boss, Maurice (Maury) Weiss, was a Norman Thomas socialist whom I came to admire greatly. In the course of that year, I too became a socialist and actually joined the
Socialist Party. Later, my dissertation topic was obviously influenced by my having acquired the perspective of a
420:
characterizations of political power, Dahl's research focused on the nature of decision making in actual institutions, such as
American cities. He is the most important scholar associated with the pluralist approach to describing and understanding both city and national power structures.
631:. Mills held that America's governments are in the grasp of a unitary and demographically narrow power elite. Dahl responded that there are many different elites involved, who have to work both in contention and in compromise with one another. If this is not democracy in a
730:
Freedom of expression - "Citizens have a right to express themselves without the danger of severe punishment on political matters broadly defined, including criticism of officials, the government, the regime, the socioeconomic order, and the prevailing
440:
After receiving his Ph.D., Dahl worked in the government in
Washington DC and then volunteered for a spell in the US army. He served in Europe during World War II, was the leader of a small reconnaissance platoon in an infantry regiment, and earned a
690:, Dahl clarifies his view about democracy. No modern country meets the ideal of democracy, which is as a theoretical utopia. More specifically, Dahl argued that five criteria could be used for evaluating how democratic a process is:
2856:
714:, Dahl held that some countries approximated those ideals and could be classified as "polyarchies" inasmuch as they had "seven institutions, all of which must exist for a government to be classified as a polyarchy":
1871:
848:(2006), Dahl addresses the issue of equality and discusses how and why governments have fallen short of their democratic ideals. He assesses the contemporary political landscape in the United States.
2849:
3192:
727:
Right to run for office - "Practically all adults have the right to run for elective offices in the government, though age limits may be higher for holding office than for the suffrage."
3182:
2842:
425:
realizable-ideal democracy, as well as his descriptive analysis of the dynamics of modern pluralist-democracy, he is considered one of the greatest theorists of democracy in history.
1864:
737:
Associational autonomy - "citizens ... have a right to form relatively independent associations or organizations, including independent political parties and interest groups."
734:
Alternative information - "Citizens have a right to seek out alternative sources of information. Moreover, alternative sources of information exist and are protected by laws."
1857:
1244:
Interview by
Richard Snyder. 2007. "Robert A. Dahl: Normative Theory, Empirical Research and Democracy," pp. 113β149, in Gerardo L. Munck and Richard Snyder,
3202:
480:
1451:
1312:
787:, Dahl addressed the question "Why should we support democracy?" and argued that "democracy has at least ten advantages" relative to nondemocracies:
700:
Enlightened understanding - All members must have equal and effective opportunities to learn about the consequences and alternatives of a proposal.
721:
Free and fair elections - "Elected officials are chosen in frequent and fairly conducted elections in which coercion is comparatively uncommon."
682:, Dahl uses the term "polyarchy" to refer to actual cases of democracy and provides a comprehensive discussion of possible causes of polyarchy.
1550:
750:, Dahl sets out five conditions that favor democratic institutions. He deems three of them essential and the remaining two solely favourable.
1081:
832:
902:
Dahl, Robert A. (1957). "Decision-Making in a
Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policy-Maker." Journal of Public Law 6: 279β295.
1538:
democratic socialist. ... The solution I came to favor, then, was to develop worker-owned cooperatives in a competitive price system.
1412:
1175:
Fisichella, Domenico. 2009. βRobert Dahl: The
Democratic Polyarchy,β pp. 11-36, in Donatella Campus and Gianfranco Pasquino (eds.),
3197:
3157:
703:
Control of the agenda - All members must have the exclusive opportunity to choose if or how matters will be placed on the agenda.
3177:
3162:
2866:
1825:
694:
Effective participation - All members ought to have equal and effective opportunities to make their views known to other members.
546:
119:
3152:
2168:
1881:
555:
453:
1027:
1793:
1675:
975:
886:
488:
3028:
2691:
1190:
706:
Inclusion of adults - All or most of adult permanent residents should be given the full rights of the above four criteria.
3036:
2464:
1183:
591:
in 1940, Dahl critiqued "corporate capitalism" and state socialism as both exemplifying undemocratic traits, arguing for
1238:
2744:
1766:
1741:
3187:
2813:
1578:
1429:
Information drawn from
Crothers, Charles H.G. 2015. "Dahl, Robert A (1915β2014)," pp. 655-60, in James Wright (ed.),
718:
Elected officials - "Control over government decisions about policy is constitutionally vested in elected officials."
1371:, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, Elsevier, p. 656; David Mayhew, "A Biographical Memoir". National Academy of Sciences, 2018, p. 3.
697:
Voting equality - All members ought to have an equal and effective opportunity to vote, with votes counted as equal.
3172:
2250:
3167:
1917:
1433:, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, Elsevier, p. 656; and Robert A. Dahl and Margaret Levi, βA Conversation with Robert A. Dahl".
1009:
563:
416:" as a descriptor of actual democratic governance. An originator of "empirical theory" and known for advancing
628:
2834:
1849:
1263:
896:
870:
Politics, Economics, and
Welfare: Planning and Politico-Economic Systems Resolved into Basic Social Process
640:
518:
405:
332:
412:βin which political outcomes are enacted through competitive, if unequal, interest groupsβand introduced "
827:
In his later writing, Dahl examined democracy, in particular in the United States, with a critical view.
539:
506:
1468:
APSA Inaugurates the Robert A. Dahl Award. (2016). PS: Political
Science & Politics, 49(4), 927-927.
2797:
2287:
2021:
1052:
535:
502:
1284:
2142:
1904:
459:
Dahl was married to Mary Bartlett until her passing in 1970, and then to Ann Sale, a Presbyterian.
434:
142:
1418:
724:
Inclusive suffrage - "Practically all adults have the right to vote in the election of officials."
2029:
1831:
1667:
1661:
2667:
2329:
2085:
2045:
650:
272:
1783:
1529:
1482:
1406:
Crothers, Charles H.G. 2015. "Dahl, Robert A (1915β2014)," pp. 655-60, in James Wright (ed.),
1393:
Crothers, Charles H.G. 2015. "Dahl, Robert A (1915β2014)," pp. 655-60, in James Wright (ed.),
1380:
Crothers, Charles H.G. 2015. "Dahl, Robert A (1915β2014)," pp. 655-60, in James Wright (ed.),
1367:
Crothers, Charles H.G. 2015. "Dahl, Robert A (1915β2014)," pp. 655-60, in James Wright (ed.),
1354:
Crothers, Charles H.G. 2015. "Dahl, Robert A (1915β2014)," pp. 655-60, in James Wright (ed.),
1147:
Crothers, Charles H.G. 2015. "Dahl, Robert A (1915β2014)," pp. 655-60, in James Wright (ed.),
2992:
2944:
2480:
2432:
2106:
1896:
1142:
Pluralism Democracy and Political Knowledge. Robert a Dahl and His Critics on Modern Politics
472:
3147:
3142:
3084:
2707:
2520:
2258:
2098:
2037:
1957:
1949:
620:(1967), which presented pluralistic explanations for political rule in the United States.
596:
390:
211:
8:
2904:
2757:
2699:
2472:
2160:
2005:
661:
449:
and Sterling Professor from 1964 to 1986. Dahl was departmental chair from 1957 to 1962.
267:
82:
2308:
2129:
1965:
1925:
1603:
1595:
1510:
1215:
1207:
1188:
Morriss, Peter (October 1972). "Power in New Haven: a reassessment of 'Who Governs?'".
1022:
964:
657:
592:
394:
1941:
1789:
1762:
1737:
1671:
1607:
1514:
1502:
971:
882:
442:
234:
2888:
1483:"Theorizing about Workplace Democracy Robert Dahl and the Cooperatives of MondragΓ³n"
1219:
623:
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, he was involved in an academic disagreement with
3112:
3100:
3044:
3008:
2968:
2920:
2789:
2651:
2608:
2576:
2552:
2544:
2488:
2413:
2242:
2223:
2181:
2072:
2064:
2013:
1997:
1587:
1494:
1199:
1168:
Fabbrini, Sergio. 2003. "Bringing Robert A. Dahl's Theory of Democracy to Europe."
1018:
649:(1961), he examines the power structures (both formal and informal) in the city of
372:
348:
244:
32:
3108:
3092:
3068:
3000:
2773:
2736:
2560:
2512:
2496:
2316:
2279:
2202:
1317:
1289:
986:
837:
656:
From the late 1960s onwards, his conclusions were challenged by scholars such as
624:
570:
491:
398:
314:
254:
148:
38:
1498:
1161:
Dahl, Robert A., and Margaret Levi. 2009. βA Conversation with Robert A. Dahl".
3020:
2984:
2960:
2896:
2880:
2821:
2723:
2715:
2683:
2624:
2616:
2592:
2390:
2358:
2350:
2194:
1933:
1843:
1837:
1203:
206:
3136:
3076:
2976:
2912:
2864:
2805:
2765:
2675:
2659:
2643:
2600:
2568:
2528:
2504:
2366:
2295:
2215:
1506:
1228:
Power, Inequality, and Democratic Politics: Essays in Honor of Robert A. Dahl
916:
645:
612:
554:
2016 Robert A. Dahl Award was established in honor of Dr. Robert Dahl by the
417:
297:
292:
277:
201:
177:
1879:
1551:"Robert Dahl, Sterling Professor Emeritus in Political Science, passes away"
1182:
Mayhew, David. 2018. "A Biographical Memoir". National Academy of Sciences.
3012:
2952:
2936:
2781:
2584:
2456:
2382:
2374:
2342:
2266:
1989:
1973:
287:
196:
63:
3060:
2928:
2448:
2440:
445:. He led a platoon that took part in a major offensive in November 1944.
282:
216:
3052:
2536:
1981:
1599:
3122:
1211:
1258:
673:
636:
413:
409:
327:
310:
1591:
1007:
Dahl, Robert A. (December 1984). "Polyarchy, pluralism, and scale".
741:
467:
Over his career, Dahl received many prestigious awards and prizes.
1553:. Yale University Department of Political Science. February 7, 2014
1091:
Dahl, Robert A.; Shapiro, Ian; Cheibub, JosΓ© Antonio, eds. (2003).
632:
512:
1967 Fellow of the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences
1635:
Fluctuating fortunes: The political power of business in America
1419:
https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/1764589/Ann-Sale-Dahl
1111:
What Political Institutions Does Large-Scale Democracy Require?
588:
159:
1431:
International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences
1408:
International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences
1395:
International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences
1382:
International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences
1369:
International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences
1356:
International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences
1149:
International Encyclopaedia of Social and Behavioural Sciences
946:
Pluralist democracy in the United States: conflict and consent
1283:
Rodrigues, Adrien; Lloyd-Thomas, Matthew (February 7, 2014).
378:
3193:
University of Washington College of Arts and Sciences alumni
1313:"Controlling Nuclear Weapons: Democracy Versus Guardianship"
1622:
Who really rules?: New Haven and community power reexamined
1838:
Annual Reviews Conversations Interview with Robert A. Dahl
1044:
Controlling Nuclear Weapons: Democracy versus Guardianship
908:
Social science research on business: product and potential
3183:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
899:." Systems Research and Behavioral Science 2(3), 201β215.
653:, as a case study, and finds that it supports this view.
389:; December 17, 1915 β February 5, 2014) was an American
667:
165:
Socialist Programs and Democratic Politics: An Analysis
1282:
1248:. Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
1127:
1000:
Dilemmas of Pluralist Democracy: Autonomy vs. Control
918:
Who Governs?: Democracy and Power in an American City
1574:
Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City
1233:
Utter, Glenn H. and Charles Lockhart (eds.). 2002.
1064:
Toward Democracy - a Journey: Reflections, 1940β1997
481:
Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences
381:
375:
1452:"Robert A. Dahl, defined politics and power; at 98"
757:
Control of military and police by elected officials
1846:Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library.
1246:Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics
1090:
963:
955:After the Revolution?: Authority in a good society
1113:. Political Science Quarterly 120:2, pp. 187β197.
742:Conditions favourable for democratic institutions
3134:
1781:
1133:Baldwin, David, and Mark Haugaard (eds.). 2018.
582:
1304:
868:Dahl, Robert A.; Lindblom, Charles E. (1953).
763:No strong foreign control hostile to democracy
433:He received his undergraduate degree from the
2850:
1865:
1530:"From Iowa and Alaska to an Even Wider World"
1226:Shapiro, Ian, and Grant Reeher (eds.). 1988.
3203:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy
1785:How Democratic is the American Constitution?
1083:How Democratic Is the American Constitution?
937:Political oppositions in Western Democracies
867:
833:How Democratic Is the American Constitution?
778:
1572:Eulau, Heinz (March 1962). "Reviewed work:
1235:American Political Scientists: A Dictionary
37:Dahl teaching a political science class at
2857:
2843:
1872:
1858:
1481:Zirakzabeh, Cyrus Ernesto (January 1990).
1480:
1445:
1443:
437:in 1936 and his Ph.D. from Yale in 1940.
31:
1761:. Yale University Press. pp. 44β45.
1156:After the Goldrush: Growing up in Skagway
984:
545:1995 Dahl was the first recipient of the
1708:. Yale University Press. pp. 37β38.
1310:
881:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
856:The best known of Dahl's works include:
760:Democratic beliefs and political culture
618:Pluralist Democracy in the United States
16:American political scientist (1915β2014)
2867:Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science
1648:Polyarchy: participation and opposition
1440:
1187:
966:Polyarchy: participation and opposition
809:Protecting essential personal interests
606:Dahl's influential early books include
547:Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science
395:Sterling Professor of Political Science
3135:
1882:American Political Science Association
1736:. Yale University Press. p. 147.
1449:
1276:
635:sense, Dahl contended, it is at least
556:American Political Science Association
454:American Political Science Association
2838:
1853:
1571:
1476:
1474:
1339:
767:Favourable conditions for democracy:
489:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1756:
1731:
1703:
1659:
1450:Martin, Douglas (February 8, 2014).
1410:, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, Elsevier, p. 656;
1191:British Journal of Political Science
1117:
1108:
1099:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1006:
997:
970:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
961:
952:
943:
934:
925:
914:
905:
876:
668:Writing on democracy and polyarchies
577:
462:
1650:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
1397:, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, Elsevier, p. 656.
1358:, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, Elsevier, p. 655.
771:A modern market economy and society
753:Essential condition for democracy:
643:). In perhaps his best known work,
13:
1694:, Yale University Press, Chs. 8-9.
1666:. Yale University Press. pp.
1471:
1435:Annual Review of Political Science
1384:, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, Elsevier, p. 656
1170:Annual Review of Political Science
1163:Annual Review of Political Science
1128:Resources on Dahl and his research
1023:10.1111/j.1467-9477.1984.tb00304.x
664:(a friend and colleague of Dahl).
599:. A similar theme recurred in his
14:
3214:
2093:Benjamin F. Shambaugh (1929β1930)
1819:
1579:American Political Science Review
822:
3121:
2150:Charles Grove Haines (1938β1939)
1722:, Yale University Press, p. 221.
1527:
1140:Blokland, Hans Theodorus. 2011.
1135:Robert A. Dahl: An Unended Quest
872:. New York: Harper and Brothers.
710:However, as in his earlier book
452:Dahl served as president of the
371:
97:Mary Louise Bartlett (1940β1970)
3198:Social Science Research Council
3158:American political philosophers
2337:C. Herman Pritchett (1963β1964)
1912:Frederick N. Judson (1906β1907)
1834:in the Encyclopædia Britannica.
1828:in the Yale University website.
1802:
1775:
1750:
1725:
1712:
1697:
1684:
1653:
1640:
1627:
1614:
1565:
1543:
1521:
1487:Journal of Theoretical Politics
1462:
1311:Campbell, John C. (Fall 1985).
1035:A Preface to Economic Democracy
601:A Preface to Economic Democracy
3178:Public administration scholars
3163:American democratic socialists
2324:Charles S. Hyneman (1961β1962)
2137:Thomas Reed Powell (1936β1937)
1812:. Yale University Press, 2006.
1423:
1400:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1348:
1333:
1010:Scandinavian Political Studies
879:A Preface to Democratic Theory
851:
608:A Preface to Democratic Theory
564:American Philosophical Society
1:
3153:American political scientists
2731:G. Bingham Powell (2011β2012)
2176:Robert E. Cushman (1942β1943)
2119:Walter J. Shepard (1933β1934)
1269:
1179:. Colchester, UK: ECPR Press.
836:(2001), Dahl argued that the
629:politics in the United States
2274:Charles McKinley (1954β1955)
2210:Henry R. Spencer (1947β1948)
2155:Robert C. Brooks (1939β1940)
2124:Francis W. Coker (1934β1935)
1264:Pluralism (political theory)
1177:Masters of Political Science
583:Early writings and pluralism
573:(as a corresponding fellow).
519:National Academy of Sciences
428:
7:
2408:Avery Leiserson (1973β1974)
2080:Jesse S. Reeves (1927β1928)
1499:10.1177/0951692890002001005
1252:
1151:, 2nd ed. Vol. 5, Elsevier.
864:. New York: Harcourt, Brace
862:Congress and Foreign Policy
10:
3219:
2798:Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier
2752:Rodney E. Hero (2014β2015)
2403:Robert E. Ward (1972β1973)
2303:R. Taylor Cole (1958β1959)
2288:Elmer Eric Schattschneider
1624:(Transaction Books, 1978).
1285:"Dahl's Legacy Remembered"
1144:. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
774:Weak subcultural pluralism
671:
3119:
2873:
2635:
2424:
2234:
2056:
2022:William Archibald Dunning
1888:
1782:Robert Alan Dahl (2003).
1720:Democracy and Its Critics
1692:Democracy and Its Critics
1663:Democracy and Its Critics
1344:. Routledge. p. 164.
1204:10.1017/S0007123407000221
1054:Democracy and Its Critics
928:Modern Political Analysis
895:Dahl, Robert A. (1957). "
779:On the value of democracy
688:Democracy and Its Critics
536:Woodrow Wilson Foundation
532:Democracy and Its Critics
503:Woodrow Wilson Foundation
360:
341:
320:
306:
260:
250:
240:
230:
225:
189:
170:
158:
135:
130:
126:
115:
107:
90:
71:
45:
30:
23:
3188:Yale Sterling Professors
2143:Clarence Addison Dykstra
1844:Robert Alan Dahl Papers.
1788:. Yale UP. p. 144.
1704:Dahl, Robert A. (1998).
1660:Dahl, Robert A. (1989).
1646:Dahl, Robert A. (1971).
1342:Encyclopedia of the City
1118:Dahl, Robert A. (2006).
1109:Dahl, Robert A. (2005).
1100:Dahl, Robert A. (2005).
1093:The Democracy Sourcebook
1080:Dahl, Robert A. (2002).
1071:Dahl, Robert A. (1998).
1062:Dahl, Robert A. (1997).
1051:Dahl, Robert A. (1989).
1042:Dahl, Robert A. (1985).
1033:Dahl, Robert A. (1985).
998:Dahl, Robert A. (1983).
962:Dahl, Robert A. (1971).
953:Dahl, Robert A. (1970).
944:Dahl, Robert A. (1968).
935:Dahl, Robert A. (1966).
926:Dahl, Robert A. (1963).
915:Dahl, Robert A. (1961).
906:Dahl, Robert A. (1960).
479:1955β1956 Fellow of the
435:University of Washington
143:University of Washington
3173:Yale University faculty
2398:Heinz Eulau (1971β1972)
2114:Isidor Loeb (1932β1933)
2030:Harry Augustus Garfield
1158:. Xlibris Corporation.
3168:Yale University alumni
2668:Susanne Hoeber Rudolph
2330:Carl Joachim Friedrich
2046:Charles Edward Merriam
1437:2009 12: 1-9, pp. 1-2.
1154:Dahl, Robert A. 2005.
877:Dahl, Robert (2006) .
860:Dahl, Robert A. 1950.
651:New Haven, Connecticut
525:1978 Guggenheim fellow
2993:Philippe C. Schmitter
2481:Seymour Martin Lipset
2433:James MacGregor Burns
2189:John Gaus (1944β1945)
2107:William F. Willoughby
1897:Frank Johnson Goodnow
1810:On political equality
1757:Dahl, Robert (2015).
1732:Dahl, Robert (2015).
1340:Caves, R. W. (2004).
1120:On Political Equality
846:On Political Equality
182:Harvey Mansfield, Sr.
3085:Peter J. Katzenstein
2708:Peter J. Katzenstein
2521:Samuel P. Huntington
2259:E. Pendleton Herring
2099:Edward Samuel Corwin
2038:James Wilford Garner
1958:Westel W. Willoughby
1950:Albert Bushnell Hart
1620:G. William Domhoff,
1576:by Robert A. Dahl".
1321:. No. Fall 1985
1237:(2nd ed.) pp 75β78,
897:The Concept of Power
597:democratic socialism
501:is awarded the 1962
100:Ann Sale (1973β2015)
2905:Alexander L. George
2758:Jennifer Hochschild
2700:Dianne Pinderhughes
2473:Charles E. Lindblom
2006:Paul Samuel Reinsch
1415:. January 21, 2015.
1102:After The Gold Rush
662:Charles E. Lindblom
627:over the nature of
404:He established the
273:Guillermo O'Donnell
268:Catharine MacKinnon
131:Academic background
83:Hamden, Connecticut
2865:Recipients of the
2309:Carl Brent Swisher
2130:Arthur N. Holcombe
1966:John Bassett Moore
1926:A. Lawrence Lowell
1880:Presidents of the
1456:The New York Times
991:Size and Democracy
812:Political equality
800:Self determination
658:G. William Domhoff
593:economic democracy
391:political theorist
120:Johan Skytte Prize
3130:
3129:
2832:
2831:
1942:Simeon E. Baldwin
1795:978-0-300-09524-1
1677:978-0-300-04938-1
1230:. Westview Press.
985:Dahl, Robert A.;
977:978-0-300-01565-2
888:978-0-226-13434-5
806:Human development
578:Academic research
530:1990 Dahl's work
497:1962 Dahl's book
473:Guggenheim fellow
463:Awards and honors
364:
363:
235:Political science
171:Academic advisors
60:December 17, 1915
3210:
3125:
3113:Martha Finnemore
3107:
3101:Robert E. Goodin
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3045:Francis Fukuyama
3043:
3035:
3027:
3019:
3009:Ronald Inglehart
3007:
2999:
2991:
2983:
2975:
2969:Robert D. Putnam
2967:
2959:
2951:
2943:
2935:
2927:
2921:Fritz W. Scharpf
2919:
2911:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2801:
2793:
2790:Paula D. McClain
2785:
2777:
2769:
2761:
2753:
2748:
2740:
2732:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2652:Robert D. Putnam
2647:
2628:
2620:
2612:
2609:M. Kent Jennings
2604:
2596:
2588:
2580:
2577:Charles O. Jones
2572:
2564:
2556:
2553:Theodore J. Lowi
2548:
2545:Judith N. Shklar
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2508:
2500:
2492:
2489:William H. Riker
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2417:
2414:J. Austin Ranney
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2370:
2362:
2354:
2346:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2243:Peter H. Odegard
2227:
2224:James K. Pollock
2219:
2211:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2185:
2182:Leonard D. White
2177:
2172:
2169:William Anderson
2164:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2138:
2133:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2094:
2089:
2081:
2076:
2073:William B. Munro
2068:
2065:Charles A. Beard
2049:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2014:Leo Stanton Rowe
2009:
2001:
1998:Henry Jones Ford
1993:
1985:
1977:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1874:
1867:
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1851:
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1813:
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1799:
1779:
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1569:
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1478:
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1459:
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1427:
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1398:
1391:
1385:
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1372:
1365:
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1346:
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1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
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1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1280:
1223:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1047:
1038:
1026:
1003:
994:
987:Tufte, Edward R.
981:
969:
958:
949:
940:
931:
922:
911:
892:
873:
794:Essential rights
791:Avoiding tyranny
587:In his doctoral
406:pluralist theory
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
377:
367:Robert Alan Dahl
349:Charles Lindblom
261:Notable students
245:Political theory
78:
75:February 5, 2014
59:
57:
50:Robert Alan Dahl
35:
21:
20:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3117:
3109:Alexander Wendt
3105:
3097:
3093:David D. Laitin
3089:
3081:
3073:
3069:Jane Mansbridge
3065:
3057:
3049:
3041:
3033:
3025:
3017:
3005:
3001:Adam Przeworski
2997:
2989:
2981:
2973:
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2949:
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2917:
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2877:
2869:
2863:
2833:
2828:
2820:
2812:
2804:
2796:
2788:
2780:
2774:Kathleen Thelen
2772:
2764:
2756:
2751:
2743:
2737:Jane Mansbridge
2735:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2599:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2561:James Q. Wilson
2559:
2551:
2543:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2513:Aaron Wildavsky
2511:
2503:
2497:Philip Converse
2495:
2487:
2479:
2471:
2463:
2455:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2420:
2412:
2407:
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2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2365:
2357:
2349:
2341:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2317:Emmette Redford
2315:
2307:
2302:
2294:
2286:
2280:Harold Lasswell
2278:
2273:
2265:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2209:
2203:Arthur MacMahon
2201:
2193:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2167:
2161:Frederic A. Ogg
2159:
2154:
2149:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2105:
2097:
2092:
2086:John A. Fairlie
2084:
2079:
2071:
2063:
2052:
2044:
2036:
2028:
2020:
2012:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1884:
1878:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1803:
1796:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1755:
1751:
1744:
1730:
1726:
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1713:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1685:
1678:
1658:
1654:
1645:
1641:
1632:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1592:10.2307/1953105
1570:
1566:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1448:
1441:
1428:
1424:
1413:"Ann Sale Dahl"
1411:
1405:
1401:
1392:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1353:
1349:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1318:Foreign Affairs
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1290:Yale Daily News
1281:
1277:
1272:
1255:
1130:
978:
889:
854:
838:US Constitution
825:
797:General freedom
781:
744:
685:
676:
670:
625:C. Wright Mills
585:
580:
571:British Academy
534:(1989) won the
465:
431:
399:Yale University
374:
370:
356:
337:
315:Democratization
302:
255:Yale University
221:
185:
154:
149:Yale University
103:
86:
80:
76:
67:
61:
55:
53:
52:
51:
41:
39:Yale University
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
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3145:
3128:
3127:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3103:
3095:
3087:
3079:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3029:Robert Axelrod
3023:
3021:Carole Pateman
3015:
3003:
2995:
2987:
2985:Rein Taagepera
2979:
2971:
2963:
2961:Robert Keohane
2955:
2947:
2939:
2931:
2923:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2897:Arend Lijphart
2891:
2889:Juan JosΓ© Linz
2883:
2881:Robert A. Dahl
2874:
2871:
2870:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2839:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2824:(2023βpresent)
2822:Mark E. Warren
2818:
2810:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2778:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2728:
2724:Carole Pateman
2720:
2716:Henry E. Brady
2712:
2704:
2696:
2692:Robert Axelrod
2688:
2684:Ira Katznelson
2680:
2672:
2664:
2656:
2648:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:Robert Keohane
2621:
2617:Matthew Holden
2613:
2605:
2597:
2593:Arend Lijphart
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2437:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2391:Robert E. Lane
2387:
2379:
2371:
2363:
2359:Robert A. Dahl
2355:
2351:Gabriel Almond
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2300:
2292:
2284:
2276:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2207:
2199:
2195:Walter F. Dodd
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2002:
1994:
1986:
1978:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1946:
1938:
1934:Woodrow Wilson
1930:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1832:Robert A. Dahl
1829:
1826:Robert A. Dahl
1821:
1820:External links
1818:
1815:
1814:
1801:
1794:
1774:
1768:978-0300194463
1767:
1749:
1743:978-0300194463
1742:
1724:
1711:
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1683:
1676:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1613:
1586:(1): 144β145.
1564:
1542:
1528:Dahl, Robert.
1520:
1493:(1): 109β126.
1470:
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1198:(4): 457β465.
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1017:(4): 225β240.
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923:
912:
903:
900:
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887:
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823:Later writings
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803:Moral autonomy
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3077:Margaret Levi
3072:
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3056:
3054:
3048:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3037:David Collier
3032:
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3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2996:
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2988:
2986:
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2977:Theda Skocpol
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2779:
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2766:David A. Lake
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2689:
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2677:
2676:Margaret Levi
2673:
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2660:Theda Skocpol
2657:
2653:
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2644:Robert Jervis
2641:
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2626:
2622:
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2606:
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2601:Elinor Ostrom
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2529:Kenneth Waltz
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2506:
2505:Richard Fenno
2502:
2498:
2494:
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2465:Warren Miller
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2251:Luther Gulick
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1808:Dahl, R. A.,
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321:Notable ideas
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212:James Coleman
210:
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178:Francis Coker
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3013:Pippa Norris
2953:Jean Blondel
2945:Hanna Pitkin
2937:Sidney Verba
2782:Rogers Smith
2745:John Aldrich
2636:2000βpresent
2585:Sidney Verba
2457:Leon Epstein
2383:Karl Deutsch
2375:David Easton
2343:David Truman
2267:Ralph Bunche
1990:Munroe Smith
1974:Ernst Freund
1809:
1804:
1784:
1777:
1759:On Democracy
1758:
1752:
1734:On Democracy
1733:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1706:On Democracy
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1557:February 11,
1555:. Retrieved
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1296:February 11,
1294:. Retrieved
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1073:On Democracy
1072:
1063:
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785:On Democracy
784:
783:In his book
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748:On Democracy
747:
746:In his book
745:
711:
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687:
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646:Who Governs?
644:
622:
617:
616:(1961), and
613:Who Governs?
611:
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499:Who Governs?
498:
466:
458:
456:in 1966/67.
451:
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403:
366:
365:
353:Tom Malleson
288:Edward Tufte
251:Institutions
197:Elite theory
164:
145:(B.A., 1936)
77:(2014-02-05)
64:Inwood, Iowa
18:
3148:2014 deaths
3143:1915 births
3061:Amartya Sen
2929:Brian Barry
2816:(2022β2023)
2814:Lisa Martin
2808:(2021β2022)
2800:(2020β2021)
2792:(2019β2020)
2784:(2018β2019)
2776:(2017β2018)
2768:(2016β2017)
2760:(2015β2016)
2747:(2013β2014)
2739:(2012β2013)
2726:(2010β2011)
2718:(2009β2010)
2710:(2008β2009)
2702:(2007β2008)
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2686:(2005β2006)
2678:(2004β2005)
2670:(2003β2004)
2662:(2002β2003)
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2627:(1999β2000)
2619:(1998β1999)
2611:(1997β1998)
2603:(1996β1997)
2595:(1995β1996)
2587:(1994β1995)
2579:(1993β1994)
2571:(1992β1993)
2563:(1991β1992)
2555:(1990β1991)
2547:(1989β1990)
2539:(1988β1989)
2531:(1987β1988)
2523:(1986β1987)
2515:(1985β1986)
2507:(1984β1985)
2499:(1983β1984)
2491:(1982β1983)
2483:(1981β1982)
2475:(1980β1981)
2467:(1979β1980)
2459:(1978β1979)
2451:(1977β1978)
2449:John Wahlke
2443:(1976β1977)
2441:Samuel Beer
2435:(1975β1976)
2416:(1974β1975)
2393:(1970β1971)
2385:(1969β1970)
2377:(1968β1969)
2369:(1967β1968)
2361:(1966β1967)
2353:(1965β1966)
2345:(1964β1965)
2332:(1962β1963)
2319:(1960β1961)
2311:(1959β1960)
2298:(1957β1958)
2290:(1956β1957)
2282:(1955β1956)
2269:(1953β1954)
2261:(1952β1953)
2253:(1951β1952)
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2197:(1945β1946)
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2171:(1941β1942)
2163:(1940β1941)
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2109:(1931β1932)
2101:(1930β1931)
2088:(1928β1929)
2075:(1926β1927)
2067:(1925β1926)
2048:(1924β1925)
2040:(1923β1924)
2032:(1922β1923)
2024:(1921β1922)
2016:(1920β1921)
2008:(1919β1920)
2000:(1918β1919)
1992:(1916β1918)
1984:(1915β1916)
1976:(1914β1915)
1968:(1913β1914)
1960:(1912β1913)
1952:(1911β1912)
1944:(1910β1911)
1936:(1909β1910)
1928:(1908β1909)
1920:(1907β1908)
1918:James Bryce
1907:(1905β1906)
1905:Albert Shaw
1899:(1903β1905)
1718:R.A. Dahl,
1690:R.A. Dahl,
1325:February 7,
852:Major works
841:wish for."
538:Book Award.
505:Book Award.
443:Bronze Star
283:Ian Shapiro
217:Carl Hempel
207:LΓ©on Duguit
25:Robert Dahl
3137:Categories
3053:Jon Elster
2537:Lucian Pye
1982:Jesse Macy
1270:References
1028:Full text.
818:Prosperity
731:ideology."
342:Influenced
231:Discipline
190:Influences
56:1915-12-17
2425:1975β2000
2235:1950β1975
2057:1925β1950
1889:1903β1925
1608:146405784
1515:145142694
1507:0951-6298
1259:Democracy
712:Polyarchy
680:Polyarchy
674:Polyarchy
641:pluralism
637:polyarchy
603:in 1985.
429:Biography
414:polyarchy
410:democracy
333:Pluralism
328:Polyarchy
311:Democracy
136:Education
1253:See also
1220:45944770
989:(1973).
633:populist
610:(1956),
558:in 2016.
549:in 1995.
108:Children
1840:(video)
1600:1953105
1165:12: 1-9
91:Spouses
1792:
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1637:(2003)
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1239:online
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1212:193412
1210:
974:
885:
589:thesis
160:Thesis
122:(1995)
116:Awards
85:, U.S.
66:, U.S.
1604:S2CID
1596:JSTOR
1533:(PDF)
1511:S2CID
1216:S2CID
1208:JSTOR
517:1972
487:1960
471:1950
3106:2023
3098:2022
3090:2021
3082:2020
3074:2019
3066:2018
3058:2017
3050:2016
3042:2015
3034:2014
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3018:2012
3006:2011
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2990:2009
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2950:2004
2942:2003
2934:2002
2926:2001
2918:2000
2910:1999
2902:1998
2894:1997
2886:1996
2878:1995
1790:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1738:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1559:2015
1503:ISSN
1327:2014
1298:2015
972:ISBN
883:ISBN
660:and
639:(or
393:and
72:Died
46:Born
1668:131
1588:doi
1495:doi
1200:doi
1019:doi
844:In
830:In
678:In
408:of
401:.
397:at
3139::
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1584:56
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1473:^
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1442:^
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379:ΙΛ
313:,
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369:(
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54:(
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