223:
country. States may also require nationals of other EU/EEA states to register their presence with the authorities after a certain period of time. EU/EEA states may deport nationals of other EU/EEA states and issue exclusion orders against them on grounds of public policy, public security, or public health. For example, those who commit serious crimes or come to rely on welfare may be deported. However, those subjected to such exclusion orders must be able to appeal them after a maximum period of three years, as per EU regulations. Under no circumstances can an EU/EEA state exclude a national of another EU/EEA state for life.
546:. Irish nationals eligible for deportation are treated more leniently than other EU/EEA nationals, and are not automatically subjected to deportation procedures when convicted of crimes, as Parliament has considered "the close historical, community and political ties between the United Kingdom and Ireland, along with the existence of the Common Travel Area." Irish citizens are therefore legally subject to deportation from the UK only where recommended by a court in sentencing or in exceptional circumstances where that deportation is in the public interest.
716:
foreign residents who have the right to reside permanently in the country are given the legal definition of designation of "permanent resident". Although not conferring all the rights and privileges of citizenship, it allows such individuals to enter freely as well as to take advantage of social programs and other services offered to citizens. Nonetheless, this still remains a "de facto" form of right of abode because it can be revoked in accordance with the law.
32:
289:
special permanent residents have more privileges, such as: deporting special permanent resident is more difficult; they can only be deported if they commit a crime punishable by seven or more years of imprisonment. During the 2020 pandemic, special permanent residents were allowed to return to Japan, while regular permanent residents were not.
534:, and the UK's surrounding island territories. British and Irish citizens can move freely throughout the CTA without a passport and only minimal identity documents, and are subject to virtually no immigration controls. Citizens of both countries enjoy the right to live and work throughout the CTA with minimal restriction.
360:
constitute a single country, local residents with
Chinese citizenship do not have automatic residence rights in either of the other two jurisdictions, which both control immigration separately. Similarly, mainland Chinese and Macanese residents do not automatically have residence or employment rights
668:
Under the constitution, all
Canadian citizens have the right to enter and remain in the country. Permanent residents are also conferred the right to reside and pursue a livelihood in any province or territory without restriction. This makes permanent residents the only foreign citizens with right of
579:
Under exceptions in section 7 of the
Immigration Act 1971, a long-term resident Irish or Commonwealth citizen in the UK is granted immunity from deportation, similar to British or other Commonwealth citizens who hold right-of-abode by virtue of a residency term of at least five years in the United
288:
After Japan established diplomatic relations with South Korea, Japan granted a special permanent residency status to
Koreans who lost their Japanese nationality after World War II but still live in Japan, as well as their descendants who born in Japan. Compare to regular Japan permanent residency,
715:
The nationality laws of many countries allow foreign citizens to reside permanently in the country without seeking citizenship. This status is usually accorded following application and selection based on a variety of criteria. In
Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United States among others,
447:
constitute a single country, local residents with
Chinese citizenship do not have automatic residence rights in either of the other two jurisdictions, which both control immigration separately. Conversely, mainland Chinese and Hong Kong residents do not automatically have residence or employment
226:
Any EU/EEA national who completes a five-year period of uninterrupted legal residence in another EU/EEA state becomes eligible for permanent residence, after which their presence is no longer subjected to any conditions, and they may apply for benefits that would previously have been grounds for
222:
However, rights to live in another EU/EEA state are not absolute. To reside in another EU/EEA state, one must either be working, job-hunting, a student, or otherwise have sufficient financial resources and health insurance to ensure they do not become a burden on the social services of the host
246:
However, a few
European countries require all persons to carry an identity card or passport and proof of nationality is normally required to take up residence in any member state. Thus, while the Schengen Agreement facilitates the movement of persons across frontiers, it makes no substantive
243:, which abolishes border controls between participating states, although it allows border controls to be temporarily set up in exceptional circumstances. The EEA countries and Switzerland have signed the Schengen treaty. Several of the new member states have not yet fully implemented it.
693:, and offers its holders various benefits, including right of abode in the country. POC holders are also granted the right to engage in property transactions, open and operate bank accounts, and secure employment in Pakistan. Furthermore, the POC serves as a substitute for a
173:
which can only be revoked in very limited circumstances such as fraud or national security concern), for example, conviction of crimes, or in some countries, prolonged absence from said country, and in many cases, such persons are not free from immigration control.
761:
Most citizens of the
Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) and the Republic of Palau may live and work in the United States, and most U.S. citizens and their spouses may live and work in those states under a
136:. A person who has the right of abode in a country does not need permission from the government to enter the country and can live and work there without restriction, and is immune from removal and
322:. Foreign nationals may acquire the right of abode after meeting a seven-year residency requirement and are given most rights usually associated with citizenship, including the right to vote in
643:, as well as certain Commonwealth citizens with specific connections to the UK before 1983. Since 1983, it is not possible for a person to acquire this status without being a British citizen.
907:
549:
Irish law provides even stronger protections for
British citizens. British citizens are completely exempt from deportation from Ireland, and are almost never treated as foreigners by law.
576:
they are considered to have the same rights as a
British citizen. The right-of-abode is conferred automatically on such persons and they are issued a certificate on their passport.
413:
may acquire the right of abode after meeting a seven-year residency requirement and are given most rights usually associated with citizenship, including the right to vote in
216:
645:
The right of abode is the most common immigration status in the UK due to its association with British citizenship. However, it should not be confused with the
422:
908:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/870578/HCB104-explanatory-notes-immigration-Bill-2020.pdf
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272:
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327:
409:) entitles a person to live and work without any restrictions or conditions of stay. Individuals with this right are called permanent residents.
1063:
431:, the territory does not have its own nationality law and natural-born residents are generally Chinese citizens. Prior to 1999, the region was a
344:, Hong Kong does not have its own nationality law and natural-born residents are generally Chinese citizens. Prior to 1997, the territory was a
701:
565:, and have various rights in other Commonwealth countries, including the UK, such as the right-of-abode and the right to vote. In addition,
418:
275:(GCC) have freedom of movement throughout the GCC, including the right to reside and work in other GCC states with almost no restrictions.
853:
147:
of that country. However, some countries grant the right of abode for qualified non-citizens. This is distinct with the commonly-called
315:
entitles a person to live and work in the territory without any restrictions or conditions of stay. Someone who has that right is a
472:
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458:
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341:
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enjoy the freedom to travel to, live in, and work in any participating country without needing a work permit or visa, although
96:
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616:
542:
Unlike other EU/EEA nationals, Irish citizens who move to the UK are granted a "settled status", a status that goes beyond
68:
499:. Most individuals with this status are children born overseas to Taiwanese citizens. About 60,000 NWOHRs currently hold
593:
488:
283:
596:
as well as to those from other countries. These territories generally have local immigration laws regulating who has
75:
115:
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Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States
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331:
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513:
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49:
82:
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53:
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may restrict the rights of citizens of new member states to work in other countries. This is defined by the
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the right to freely travel to and reside in other Nordic countries without a passport or residence permit.
64:
580:
Kingdom. These exceptions do not apply to other nationalities with leave to remain in the United Kingdom.
763:
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New Zealand grants Australian citizens/permanent residents full permanent resident rights in New Zealand.
649:(ILR), another form of long-term residency status in the UK which is more comparable to other countries'
312:
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543:
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476:
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846:[Nationals without household registration returning to Taiwan will soon be visa-exempt].
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that gives a person the unrestricted right to enter and live in the UK. It was introduced by the
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42:
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Migração, fixação de residência - Certificado de Confirmação do Direito de Residência - gov.mo
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256:
747:
In these cases there is a right of residence but without access to full citizenship rights:
731:
The United Kingdom and Ireland grant automatic permanent residency to each other's citizens.
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If a person has a British mother and was born before 1984 then under section 2(1)(b) of the
227:
removal, such as welfare. Permanent residency can only be revoked after a two-year absence.
89:
848:
704:(NICOP), which is issued to Pakistani nationals residing abroad who hold dual citizenship.
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New Zealand citizens in Australia, but since 2001, Australia grants only limited rights.
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Generally, in order to have the right of abode in a certain country, a person must be a
781:
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523:
414:
240:
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member states and Switzerland living in each other's country (except the cases above).
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abode. However, permanent residents can also face revocation of this status under the
487:. Nationals with this status may be subject to immigration controls when entering the
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right of residence, but it can be revoked in certain circumstances (unlike a
993:
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957:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982"
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Westminster, Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords.
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Consulate General of Islamic Republic of Pakistan - Frankfurt am Main
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is an individual's freedom from immigration control in a particular
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Full permanent residency rights exist between the countries of the
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which went into effect on 1 January 1973. This status is held by
196:
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491:, do not have automatic residence rights there, cannot vote in
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537:
217:
Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely
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This includes cases where there is access to citizenship:
877:"Lords Hansard text for 19 Feb 200719 Feb 2007 (pt 0001)"
1023:"National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis (NICOP)"
182:
1069:
http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/5/32/00009566.pdf
842:
Chen, Yuren 陳郁仁; Tang, Zhenyu 唐鎮宇 (August 16, 2011).
685:(POC) is issued to eligible foreigners, particularly
557:
In addition, some nationals of member states of the
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518:
British nationality law and the Republic of Ireland
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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738:(Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Iceland).
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334:constituencies, unless they also naturalise as
702:National Identity Card for Overseas Pakistanis
140:(unless the right of abode has been revoked).
592:operate their own immigration controls which
893:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
239:; a group of countries that have signed the
235:Nearly all EU/EEA countries are part of the
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569:born before 1984 have the right-of-abode.
932:"Prove you have right of abode in the UK"
417:. However, they are not entitled to hold
326:. However, they are not entitled to hold
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
963:
841:
538:Deportation of British or Irish citizens
250:
874:
473:national without household registration
466:National without household registration
459:National without household registration
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1059:UK Home Office guide to right of abode
671:Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
627:(ROA) is an immigration status in the
429:special administrative region of China
342:special administrative region of China
856:from the original on February 4, 2020
507:
230:
1047:Encyclopedia of the Developing World
617:Right of abode in the United Kingdom
54:adding citations to reliable sources
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183:EU, EEA, and the Schengen Agreement
13:
284:Special permanent resident (Japan)
16:Legal right to permanent residence
14:
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603:
271:Citizens of member states of the
764:Compact of Free Association
743:As long-term temporary residents
615:This section is an excerpt from
464:This section is an excerpt from
377:This section is an excerpt from
304:This section is an excerpt from
247:difference to residence rights.
163:of the country generally have a
30:
610:Right of abode (United Kingdom)
553:Commonwealth citizens in the UK
514:Right of abode (United Kingdom)
435:and right of abode was tied to
421:unless they also naturalise as
348:and right of abode was tied to
299:Right of abode issue, Hong Kong
41:needs additional citations for
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1:
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700:The POC is distinct from the
664:Permanent residency in Canada
477:Republic of China nationality
1029:. NADRA Pakistan. 2018-12-19
971:"Pakistan Origin Card (POC)"
590:British Overseas Territories
584:British Overseas Territories
346:colony of the United Kingdom
330:or stand for office in some
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313:Right of abode in Hong Kong
306:Right of abode in Hong Kong
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647:indefinite leave to remain
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544:indefinite leave to remain
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437:Portuguese nationality law
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687:those of Pakistani origin
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594:apply to British citizens
475:(NWOHR) is a person with
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787:Free movement of workers
365:
278:
273:Gulf Cooperation Council
267:Gulf Cooperation Council
178:Right of abode by region
19:Not to be confused with
766:with the United States.
720:Full permanent resident
559:Commonwealth of Nations
379:Right of abode in Macau
372:Right of abode in Macau
350:British nationality law
213:transitory dispositions
695:National Identity Card
526:(CTA) consists of the
495:, and are exempt from
481:household registration
406:
352:. Although Hong Kong,
259:gives the citizens of
189:European Economic Area
691:Pakistani citizenship
689:, who do not possess
563:Commonwealth citizens
419:territorial passports
407:Direito de Residência
389:immigration law, the
328:territorial passports
257:Nordic Passport Union
251:Nordic Passport Union
1045:Leonard, Thomas M.:
920:Immigration Act 1971
683:Pakistan Origin Card
633:Immigration Act 1971
574:Immigration Act 1971
50:improve this article
802:Permanent residency
792:Freedom of movement
651:permanent residence
600:in that territory.
532:Republic of Ireland
501:Taiwanese passports
493:Taiwanese elections
332:Legislative Council
161:permanent residency
21:Permanent residency
782:Common Travel Area
524:Common Travel Area
508:Common Travel Area
479:who does not have
439:. Although Macau,
433:colony of Portugal
415:regional elections
324:regional elections
320:permanent resident
241:Schengen Agreement
231:Schengen Agreement
157:right of residence
918:section 7 of the
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503:with this status.
411:Foreign nationals
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858:. Retrieved
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48:Please help
43:verification
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941:16 November
860:October 10,
849:Apple Daily
489:Taiwan Area
209:Switzerland
171:citizenship
138:deportation
1033:2023-06-28
1008:2023-06-28
981:2023-06-28
818:References
639:, certain
512:See also:
403:Portuguese
76:newspapers
445:Hong Kong
317:Hong Kong
293:Hong Kong
1078:Category
889:cite web
854:Archived
771:See also
709:De facto
677:Pakistan
166:de facto
653:status.
395:Chinese
197:Iceland
145:citizen
134:country
90:scholar
1027:PAK ID
936:Gov.uk
658:Canada
485:Taiwan
453:Taiwan
443:, and
397::
356:, and
207:) and
205:Norway
203:, and
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427:As a
387:Macau
366:Macau
358:Macau
340:As a
279:Japan
195:plus
191:(the
97:JSTOR
83:books
943:2018
895:link
862:2019
681:The
623:The
588:All
522:The
516:and
255:The
128:The
69:news
756:EEA
483:in
399:居留權
385:In
155:or
52:by
1080::
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