116:
reign, when local speakers merged many common properties and words of their local languages into the standard language. Thus a new regiolect formed, which in many respects follows the conventions of
Standard German, but at the same time continues local linguistic traditions, making it comprehensible
293:), which is equivalent to English "the old woman's husband". The following exemplary sentence features both a progressive verb construction and a possessive dative. Sentences like this are common in the Rhinelandic parlance, but often not easy to understand for German speakers unfamiliar with it.
2472:
in
Lowland Scotland. The first end of the continuum is made up by the traditional regional language, which is closely related to the standard, but has had its independent development for several centuries; in both cases, it is alive, but losing ground in everyday communication, especially among
1439:(which is not at all pejorative). Using articles with personal names is wrong in Standard German, but is normal not only in Rhinelandic but also in most dialects and colloquial varieties of German in central and southern Germany, as well as in Austria and Switzerland.
231:
is nevertheless usually very helpful for finding hints to the probable meanings of words of the
Rhinelandic regiolect that cannot be determined from other sources. Many regiolectal words come from, or are identical to, local language words which are documented in the
129:
Differing across subregions of the
Rhineland, and continually evolving, the Rhinelandic regiolect is not easily formalized. Though spoken by millions, it is rarely written down, which hampers scientific treatment. It has long been regarded as 'sheer
2473:
younger people. The other end of the continuum is the supra-regional standard language used for example on national television. In between the two, we find the new common speech, which is based on the standard, but has a strong
3388:
3358:
3053:
150:
3034:
auf Grund der von
Johannes Franck begonnenen, von allen Kreisen des Rheinischen Volkes unterstützten Sammlung bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Josef Müller, Heinrich Dittmaier, Rudolf Schützeichel und Mattias
2485:
The
Rhinelandic regiolect has several regional and subregional features. Very many approximately coincide with the general dialect groups found in the local languages. For example:
2642:
mentioned above, has invaded the colloquial speech of other parts of the German-speaking areas. Experts state that it can be seen as "almost standard language use in wide parts."
3392:
3374:
3362:
3057:
168:
209:
2984:
3017:
225:
3280:
3455:
3423:
2396:
Another good example is the word "afternoon", for which the regiolect uses a form similar to the dialect, but has adapted a vowel and a consonant to the standard.
218:
Literature on colloquialisms and colloquial German generally lists words and phrases coming from the
Rhineland, marking their regional provenience appropriately.
3451:
2899:
2858:
3441:
1067:= for that; with that). Standard German never splits this construction up, but in Rhinelandic and Dutch it is most common to do so. In this case, Rhinelandic "
3368:
193:, for about two hundred years. During the past decades, they have published several studies of the current regiolect, as well as scientific books and papers,
3354:
1955:
in specific contexts, also with articles. This can be done in
English, too, but not in correct Standard German. For example, a mother addressing her child:
221:
Despite obviously not having heen created for this purpose and not including regiolect references at all, the well-known extensive multi-volume compendium
3433:
2840:
2749:
2698:
2652:
3399:
2932:
3409:
86:. Like other German regiolects, there is not a strict definition of what constitutes Rhinelandic; it can be spoken in a way very close to the
3413:
2958:
257:", both of which do not exist in the standard language. Rhinelandic constructs progressive forms with the verb "to be", the preposition "
104:
of the many diverse local community languages of the
Rhineland. As such, it occupies a middle position between the group of older West
3027:
2627:− to be afraid or anxious; to feel threatened; to be in sorrow about something. (This expression is also in widespread use in
121:
of the
Rhineland, since speakers often prefer distinct words, styles or linguistic forms depending on the subregion they come from.
2550:
usually has an intermediate position. In this instance, the South uses their own vocalism that already incorporates parts of the
3183:
197:
books, articles and essays. Some of their findings are available on the internet. They regularly make surveys based on printed
2636:
3262:
3168:
2866:
2766:
2739:
2714:
3277:
3236:
112:
spoken in the Rhineland, and the newer Standard German. The latter has only been brought into the area recently, under the
3324:
3223:
58:
Although there is such a thing as a Rhinelandic accent, and the regiolect uses it, the Rhinelandic variety is not simply
2225:
The following exemplary sentences may show how the regiolect is related to both Standard German and the actual dialect (
3110:
3309:
3208:
3093:
3000:
2907:
2788:
2691:
2668:
90:, but if locals talk to each other, it is mostly unintelligible to inhabitants of other German-speaking regions.
117:
in a much wider area than the original local languages. Nevertheless, it still reflects differences inside the
1071:" can be placed anywhere in the sentence, the preposition must follow at (or towards) the end of the sentence.
3471:
2936:
2318:). With words common to both languages, vowel and consonant qualities are usually those of the standard (
3141:
63:
2551:
2335:
719:
278:
138:
to be subject of serious recognition and research. Only recently has it shifted into the focus of
3041:
2962:
2474:
109:
105:
101:
2542:
area in the North uses their own way to build the diminutive. The Central Rhineland between the
1868:
1427:
Names of persons, and denominators of roles and social positions are almost always preceded by
1269:
Individual expressions reflect dialectal usage, which also may lead to similarities with Dutch.
44:
2361:= "es, das"); and words with an initial vowel are not separated from the preceding word by a
205:. These surveys are supplemented, extended, and updated by use of their interactive website
48:
8:
1428:
131:
32:
2989:
2580:
2226:
1436:
139:
3387:
There are several sound samples of spoken Rhinelandic at the linguistic department at
3305:
3258:
3204:
3164:
3128:
3089:
2996:
2903:
2862:
2784:
2762:
2735:
2710:
2687:
2664:
285:. The possessor is named in the dative case, followed by a possessive pronoun, e.g. "
250:
118:
87:
2562:
Like other jargons and regional varieties, also the Rhinelandic is influencing the
2464:
2112:
1788:
1569:
1491:
1378:
1213:
1010:
847:
654:
571:
464:
3030:, der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde und des Provinzialverbandes der
2220:
249:
Two of the important and most eye-catching characteristics of Rhinelandic are the
3403:
3284:
2813:
2547:
2365:, but rather linked to it, like in English. (This is marked in the example by an
2018:
1647:
1545:
1465:
1340:
1162:
965:
805:
727:
606:
410:
194:
67:
59:
2298:
The example shows that the regiolect is based on Standard German. Thus, it uses
2539:
2457:
1302:
1108:
920:
761:
723:
343:
186:
243:
3465:
3402:(Excerpt of an official statement of the German administration by chancellor
198:
215:(Cooperative Dictionary of the Rhinelandic Colloquial Language) since 2007.
3297:
3250:
3196:
3156:
3071:
3031:
2881:
2723:
2673:
2543:
2362:
164:(ARL) – Office of Rhinelandic Regional Knowledge and Documentation) of the
563:
93:
3348:
2628:
2614:
2613:(rhinelandic solution) − all three understood in the narrowed sense of
2563:
2370:
2366:
1432:
699:
567:
135:
1816:
698:
The regiolect sometimes uses a different auxiliary verb to build the
190:
185:
have observed, documented, and researched lingual development in the
36:
27:
2341:
However, the strong dialectal influence is also evident: Word final
281:
in Dutch). The possessive-dative construction replaces the standard
3437:
2618:
1837:
282:
240:. They usually bear identical, related, or quite similar meanings.
143:
2705:
Meine Oma spricht noch Platt – Wo bleibt der Dialekt im Rheinland?
1952:
113:
97:
83:
52:
40:
3417:
2778:
Rheinisch auf deutsch. Herkunft und Bedeutung rheinischer Wörter
2566:
of the German Standard. Instances of more recent additions are:
43:. This linguistic region is approximately formed of the West of
3255:
Alles Kokolores? - Wörter und Wortgeschichten aus dem Rheinland
3161:
Alles Kokolores? - Wörter und Wortgeschichten aus dem Rheinland
2730:
Alles Kokolores? - Wörter und Wortgeschichten aus dem Rheinland
2378:
2221:
Intermediate position between Standard German and broad dialect
1431:. References to females, and especially to young females, may
254:
202:
75:
3052:
According to an estimate of the linguistics department of the
3042:
http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/woerterbuecher/rhwb/wbgui?lemid=
2229:
in this case), and found to be in the middle between the two.
3445:
3302:
Kappes, Knies und Klüngel. Regionalwörterbuch des Rheinlandes
3201:
Kappes, Knies und Klüngel. Regionalwörterbuch des Rheinlandes
2377:
instead of "Kaffee"), and has borrowed from the dialect many
79:
2557:
51:
and several smaller adjacent areas, including some areas in
3427:
3060:, they have collected some 3000 to 6000 words of that kind.
2819:
2266:
Jetzt setzen wir uns erst mal hin und trinken einen Kaffee.
277:" (there is no corresponding contraction nor a German-like
244:
Grammatical and syntactical deviations from Standard German
201:
which more recently can also be obtained and submitted via
124:
71:
3380:
2455:
is comparable (however not wholly equal) to the continuum
3452:
Regiolect and Standard German from Stotzheim in the Eifel
2393:", meaning: "to drink something with ease and pleasure."
2874:
2252:
Jetz setz'mer uns_ers'ma hin un trinken_uns_en Käffchen.
2238:
Jetz setze mer uns_eesch_ens hen un drinke_uns_e Käffje.
2659:
Rheinisches Deutsch. Wer spricht wie mit wem und warum.
1059:
Another phenomenon shared with Dutch is separation of "
273:) is equivalent to English "I am waiting", cf. Dutch "
2838:
2747:
2696:
2302:("first") from the standard "erst mal" (vs. dialect:
156:(Institute for Regional Studies and History, former:
2353:); some structure words come in the dialectal form (
2310:("already") from the standard "schon" (vs. dialect:
3088:(in German), Köln: Greven Verlag, pp. 15, 16,
3424:Rhinelandically accented Standard German from Bonn
3304:(in German), Köln: Greven Verlag, pp. 173 f,
3163:(in German), Köln: Greven Verlag, pp. 125 f,
2988:
2959:"Mitmachwörterbuch der rheinischen Umgangssprache"
2816:and following pages for an (incomplete) word list.
2281:Now let's first sit down and have a cup of coffee.
718:" ("to have"). This is the case especially in the
540:as used with masculine nouns, not Standard German
536:) is the literal Dutch translation of Rhinelandic
146:. Most notably, the linguistics department of the
2933:"Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte"
2349:); there is a tendency towards vowel shortening (
3463:
261:" (= "at the", a Standard German contraction of
210:Mitmachwörterbuch der rheinischen Umgangssprache
3389:Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte
3359:Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte
3257:(in German), Köln: Greven Verlag, p. 120,
3203:(in German), Köln: Greven Verlag, p. 156,
151:Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte
2814:http://www.mitmachwoerterbuch.lvr.de/lesen.php
2269:Dann sieht das Leben schon wieder anders aus.
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2174:
2168:
2155:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2124:
2117:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1891:
1876:
1865:
1855:
1845:
1834:
1824:
1813:
1803:
1796:
1586:
1579:
1508:
1501:
1414:
1406:
1400:
1390:
1383:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1225:
1218:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
683:
676:
666:
659:
546:as used with masculine nouns, which would be
507:
494:
485:
478:
471:
70:in several thousand commonly used additional
3296:
3249:
3195:
3155:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3024:
3015:
2983:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2851:
2845:
2807:
2776:
2754:
2728:
2722:
2703:
2679:
2657:
2590:
2381:constructions unknown in the standard, e.g.
2255:Dann siehd_et Leben schonn wider anders_aus.
2101:
2093:
2084:
2074:
2061:
2053:
2046:
2037:
2030:
2023:
1779:
1769:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1741:
1734:
1722:
1715:
1705:
1696:
1689:
1679:
1672:
1662:
1655:
1560:
1555:
1482:
1475:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1290:
1198:
1191:
1181:
1174:
1167:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
838:
831:
824:
817:
810:
641:
632:
625:
618:
611:
541:
449:
436:
427:
417:
234:
223:
207:
179:
166:
158:
148:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
953:
946:
939:
932:
925:
796:
789:
782:
773:
766:
553:
547:
531:
525:
401:
392:
385:
376:
369:
357:
350:
100:variety of Standard German having a strong
3054:Institute for Regional Studies and History
2825:For the relations and differences between
2345:is often deleted after another consonant (
722:area and makes sentences appear closer to
2589:− they do not agree − instead of German:
2558:Rhinelandic influences on Standard German
3184:Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch: Knöllchen
2861:, pp. 9, lower end, and following,
2241:Dann sühd_et Levve att widder anders uß.
2202:
2167:
2092:
2073:
1969:
1937:
1914:
1900:
1778:
1749:
1585:
1554:
1399:
1365:
1327:
1289:
588:
125:Scientific recognition and documentation
96:classify the Rhinelandic regiolect as a
3410:Actress Sammy Orfgen of Cologne talking
3375:Regional communication in the Rhineland
3336:Duden, Volume 9, 6. edition 2007, p. 62
3028:Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
2991:Wörterbuch der deutschen Umgangssprache
2480:
2286:After that, life will look much better.
3464:
3278:Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch: Klüngel
3106:
3104:
2995:(in German), Stuttgart: Klett Verlag,
3349:Interactive dictionary of Rhinelandic
3325:Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch: Schiss
3224:Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch: poppen
2573:− a (parking or similar) ticket
2921:beginning approximately in the 1970s
2783:72 Seiten. Bruckmann, München 1974,
1951:People talk about themselves in the
174:(LVR) has contributed to that work.
3237:Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch: eins
3101:
3038:. 9 volumes. Bonn/Berlin 1928-1971.
2853:Wo bleibt der Dialekt im Rheinland?
710:" ("to begin") take the auxiliary "
13:
3111:Rheinisches Mitmachwörterbuch: bei
3084:Regionalwörterbuch des Rheinlandes
2761:(in German), Köln: Greven Verlag,
2734:(in German), Köln: Greven Verlag,
2709:(in German), Köln: Greven Verlag,
2681:Regionalwörterbuch des Rheinlandes
14:
3483:
3342:
2894:Regionalwörterbuch des Rheinlands
2635:A grammatical deviation too, the
2389:, literally "we drink (a coffee)
3444:, at the left bank of the river
3357:of the linguistic department at
3113:, last visited January 12, 2011.
2930:An introduction can be found at
2756:Der Niederrhein und sein Deutsch
2592:Sie sind nicht einig miteinander
2272:Arbeiten können wir noch immer!
3330:
3317:
3290:
3270:
3242:
3229:
3216:
3189:
3176:
3148:
3116:
3063:
2645:
2554:one, found even further South.
2477:from the traditional language.
562:There is different use of some
134:' by the scientific community,
3046:
3008:
2976:
2951:
2948:(last visited: June 1st, 2011)
2924:
2915:
2800:
2244:Ärbeide künne mer emmer noch!
253:and the so-called "possessive
160:Amt für Rheinische Landeskunde
1:
2794:
2258:Aabeiten köm_mer immer noch!
3393:Landschaftsverband Rheinland
3363:Landschaftsverband Rheinland
3355:Sound samples of Rhinelandic
3058:Landschaftsverband Rheinland
2847:Meine Oma spricht noch Platt
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
291:to the old woman her husband
265:) and the infinitive, e.g. "
169:Landschaftsverband Rheinland
7:
2759:- sprechen tun et fast alle
2678:Kappes, Knies und Klüngel.
2369:.) The regiolect also uses
10:
3488:
3434:Regiolect from Rheinhausen
3369:Regiolect of the Rhineland
3327:retrieved 17 January 2011.
3287:retrieved 17 January 2011.
3239:retrieved 17 January 2011.
3226:retrieved 17 January 2011.
3186:retrieved 17 January 2011.
2663:Greven Verlag, Köln 2005,
66:. Indeed, it differs from
3078:Kappes, Knies und Klüngel
2888:Kappes, Knies und Klüngel
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2156:
2148:
2141:
2132:
2125:
2118:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1892:
1877:
1866:
1856:
1846:
1835:
1825:
1814:
1804:
1797:
1787:
1646:
1602:
1587:
1580:
1509:
1502:
1415:
1407:
1401:
1391:
1384:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1226:
1219:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
684:
677:
667:
660:
508:
495:
486:
479:
472:
84:grammatical constructions
2587:Sie sind sich nicht eins
2470:British Standard English
714:" ("to be") instead of "
110:Low Franconian languages
106:Central German languages
35:spoken in the so-called
3381:Rhinelandic Expressions
2334:), as are the rules of
287:der alten Frau ihr Mann
3083:
3077:
3025:
3018:Rheinisches Wörterbuch
3016:
2893:
2887:
2852:
2846:
2808:
2777:
2755:
2729:
2704:
2680:
2658:
2597:Zij zijn het niet eens
2595:. Compare Dutch
2591:
2291:Work can wait a while!
2102:
2094:
2085:
2075:
2062:
2054:
2047:
2038:
2031:
2024:
1780:
1770:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1742:
1735:
1723:
1716:
1706:
1697:
1690:
1680:
1673:
1663:
1656:
1561:
1556:
1483:
1476:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1291:
1199:
1192:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
954:
947:
940:
933:
926:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
797:
790:
783:
774:
767:
642:
633:
626:
619:
612:
554:
548:
542:
532:
526:
450:
437:
428:
418:
402:
393:
386:
377:
370:
358:
351:
275:Ik ben aan het wachten
236:Rheinisches Wörterbuch
235:
226:Rheinisches Wörterbuch
224:
208:
180:
177:Scientists of today's
167:
159:
149:
53:neighbouring countries
45:North Rhine-Westphalia
2902:, pp. 13 unten,
2621:, and the like.
706:" ("to forget") and "
3472:Languages of Germany
3040:Available online at
2481:Regional differences
1528:es/et/das/dat/de/die
1451:es/et/das/dat/de/die
1429:grammatical articles
49:Rhineland-Palatinate
2898:(in German), Köln:
2857:(in German), Köln:
2686:Greven, Köln 2003,
271:I am at the waiting
3283:2014-02-01 at the
2581:sexual intercourse
2412:Rhenish Regiolect
2249:Rhenish Regiolect
1437:grammatical gender
1292:verschreck jemacht
702:. Most commonly, "
181:Landschaftsverband
140:empirical research
3264:978-3-7743-0418-5
3170:978-3-7743-0418-5
3136:Missing or empty
2868:978-3-7743-0417-8
2841:Georg Cornelissen
2809:Mitmachwörterbuch
2774:Klaus J. Zöller:
2768:978-3-7743-0394-2
2750:Georg Cornelissen
2741:978-3-7743-0418-5
2716:978-3-7743-0417-8
2699:Georg Cornelissen
2653:Georg Cornelissen
2611:rheinische Lösung
2552:Palatinate German
2534:
2533:
2449:Rhenish regiolect
2441:
2440:
2296:
2295:
2216:
2215:
1946:
1945:
1594:
1593:
1516:
1515:
1422:
1421:
1264:
1263:
1054:
1053:
888:
887:
693:
692:
572:grammatical cases
521:
520:
267:Ich bin am Warten
251:progressive tense
189:, and lately the
132:colloquial speech
119:dialect continuum
3479:
3337:
3334:
3328:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3294:
3288:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3246:
3240:
3233:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3193:
3187:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3139:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3086:
3080:
3067:
3061:
3050:
3044:
3037:
3021:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2994:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2961:. Archived from
2955:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2935:. Archived from
2928:
2922:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2896:
2890:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2855:
2849:
2835:Standard variety
2823:
2817:
2811:
2804:
2780:
2771:
2758:
2744:
2732:
2719:
2707:
2683:
2661:
2594:
2490:
2489:
2465:Scottish English
2445:Rhenish dialects
2422:Standard German
2399:
2398:
2263:Standard German
2232:
2231:
2207:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2105:
2097:
2088:
2078:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2041:
2034:
2027:
1961:
1960:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1880:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1859:
1858:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1783:
1773:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1745:
1738:
1726:
1719:
1709:
1700:
1693:
1683:
1676:
1666:
1659:
1600:
1599:
1590:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1564:
1559:
1522:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1486:
1479:
1445:
1444:
1435:with the neuter
1418:
1417:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1294:
1275:
1274:
1260:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1178:
1171:
1154:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1077:
1076:
1063:+ preposition" (
1047:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
894:
893:
884:
883:
877:
876:
870:
869:
863:
862:
856:
855:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
800:
793:
786:
779:
770:
736:
735:
687:
686:
680:
679:
670:
669:
663:
662:
647:
638:
629:
622:
615:
580:
579:
557:
551:
545:
535:
529:
511:
510:
501:
500:
489:
488:
482:
481:
475:
474:
453:
443:
431:
421:
405:
398:
389:
382:
373:
361:
354:
299:
298:
238:
229:
213:
183:
172:
162:
154:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3462:
3461:
3404:Konrad Adenauer
3400:Adenauerdeutsch
3345:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3295:
3291:
3285:Wayback Machine
3275:
3271:
3265:
3247:
3243:
3234:
3230:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3194:
3190:
3181:
3177:
3171:
3153:
3149:
3137:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3102:
3096:
3068:
3064:
3051:
3047:
3039:
3026:Im Auftrag der
3013:
3009:
3003:
2981:
2977:
2968:
2966:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2824:
2820:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2769:
2742:
2717:
2648:
2560:
2548:Sankt Goar line
2510:
2505:
2500:
2483:
2453:Standard German
2402:Kölsch Dialect
2235:Kölsch Dialect
2223:
2019:Standard German
1648:Standard German
1546:Standard German
1466:Standard German
1341:Standard German
1330:laten schrikken
1163:Standard German
966:Standard German
806:Standard German
607:Standard German
411:Standard German
246:
195:popular science
127:
68:Standard German
62:spoken with an
47:, the North of
33:vernacular lect
12:
11:
5:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3431:
3421:
3407:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3352:
3344:
3343:External links
3341:
3339:
3338:
3329:
3316:
3310:
3289:
3269:
3263:
3241:
3228:
3215:
3209:
3188:
3175:
3169:
3147:
3115:
3100:
3094:
3062:
3045:
3007:
3001:
2982:For instance:
2975:
2950:
2923:
2914:
2908:
2873:
2867:
2818:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2772:
2767:
2745:
2740:
2720:
2715:
2694:
2671:
2647:
2644:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2600:
2584:
2574:
2559:
2556:
2540:Low Franconian
2538:As usual, the
2536:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2482:
2479:
2443:The continuum
2439:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2351:schonn, widder
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2098:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1863:
1860:
1853:
1850:
1843:
1832:
1829:
1822:
1811:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1777:
1774:
1767:
1765:
1748:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1710:
1703:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1398:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
962:
961:
958:
951:
944:
937:
930:
923:
917:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
890:
889:
886:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
844:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
808:
802:
801:
794:
787:
780:
771:
764:
758:
757:
754:
751:
748:
743:
740:
732:
731:
720:Low Franconian
695:
694:
691:
690:
688:
681:
674:
671:
664:
657:
651:
650:
648:
639:
630:
623:
616:
609:
603:
602:
600:
595:
590:
587:
584:
576:
575:
523:
522:
519:
518:
515:
512:
505:
502:
492:
490:
483:
476:
469:
467:
461:
460:
457:
454:
447:
444:
434:
432:
425:
422:
415:
413:
407:
406:
399:
390:
383:
374:
367:
365:
362:
355:
348:
346:
340:
339:
336:
331:
328:
323:
320:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
295:
294:
289:" (literally:
269:" (literally:
245:
242:
199:questionnaires
187:Rhine Province
136:valued too low
126:
123:
88:standard idiom
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3484:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3333:
3326:
3320:
3313:
3311:3-7743-0337-1
3307:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3273:
3266:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3232:
3225:
3219:
3212:
3210:3-7743-0337-1
3206:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3179:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3130:
3119:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3097:
3095:3-7743-0337-1
3091:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3036:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3011:
3004:
3002:3-12-570600-9
2998:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2979:
2965:on 2011-07-15
2964:
2960:
2954:
2939:on 2012-06-20
2938:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2911:
2909:3-7743-0337-1
2905:
2901:
2900:Greven Verlag
2897:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2860:
2859:Greven Verlag
2856:
2854:
2848:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2815:
2810:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2789:3-7654-1611-8
2786:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2770:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2751:
2746:
2743:
2737:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2692:3-7743-0337-1
2689:
2685:
2682:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:3-7743-0367-3
2666:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2530:
2515:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2466:
2463:(colloquial)
2460:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:(en Käffchen)
2386:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2212:
2209:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2164:
2161:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1930:
1923:
1921:
1907:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1558:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1510:at the moment
1507:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1412:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
990:
987:
983:
980:
976:
973:
969:
967:
964:
963:
959:
956:
952:
949:
945:
942:
938:
935:
931:
928:
924:
922:
919:
918:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
895:
892:
891:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
849:
846:
845:
841:
837:
834:
830:
827:
823:
820:
816:
813:
809:
807:
804:
803:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
781:
778:
777:
772:
769:
765:
763:
760:
759:
755:
752:
749:
747:
744:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
696:
689:
682:
675:
672:
665:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:
646:
645:
640:
637:
636:
631:
628:
624:
621:
617:
614:
610:
608:
605:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
585:
582:
581:
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31:refer to the
30:
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23:
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3386:
3332:
3319:
3301:
3298:Peter Honnen
3292:
3272:
3254:
3251:Peter Honnen
3244:
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3218:
3200:
3197:Peter Honnen
3191:
3178:
3160:
3157:Peter Honnen
3150:
3138:|title=
3118:
3075:
3072:Peter Honnen
3065:
3048:
3032:Rheinprovinz
3014:
3010:
2990:
2985:Heinz Küpper
2978:
2967:. Retrieved
2963:the original
2953:
2941:. Retrieved
2937:the original
2926:
2917:
2885:
2882:Peter Honnen
2876:
2844:
2837:, see also:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2802:
2775:
2753:
2727:
2724:Peter Honnen
2702:
2677:
2674:Peter Honnen
2656:
2646:Bibliography
2640:-Progressive
2637:
2634:
2625:Schiss haben
2624:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2570:
2561:
2544:Benrath line
2537:
2484:
2469:
2462:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2442:
2395:
2391:to ourselves
2390:
2384:
2383:mer trinken
2382:
2374:
2373:more often (
2363:glottal stop
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
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2299:
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2290:
2285:
2280:
2224:
2095:nacharbeiten
1953:third person
1184:
1150:
1098:
1068:
1065:dafür; damit
1064:
1060:
775:
745:
715:
711:
707:
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643:
634:
597:
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564:prepositions
537:
524:
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26:Rhinelandic
25:
21:
17:
15:
3454:(see also:
3442:Rheinhausen
3414:Samy Orfgen
3412:(see also:
3123:(in German)
2617:in office,
2525:Kümpche(n)
2516:little jar
2509:Rhinelandic
2504:Rhinelandic
2499:Rhinelandic
2425:Nachmittag
2379:syntactical
2371:diminutives
2330:instead of
2322:instead of
1964:Rhinelandic
1793:(literally)
1652:(literally)
1603:Rhinelandic
1525:Rhinelandic
1448:Rhinelandic
1278:Rhinelandic
1080:Rhinelandic
897:Rhinelandic
739:Rhinelandic
700:past tenses
583:Rhinelandic
568:declensions
302:Rhinelandic
279:case system
82:, and some
18:Rhinelandic
3323:See also:
3248:See also:
3235:See also:
3154:See also:
3069:See also:
2969:2012-03-05
2943:2013-10-10
2795:References
2629:Low German
2615:corruption
2579:− to have
2564:Vocabulary
2475:substratum
2435:afternoon
2415:Nammetach
2405:Nommedach
2367:underscore
2336:morphology
1917:Mrs. Smith
1893:coming are
1368:erschreckt
1038:completely
875:completely
756:vergessen
552:(archaic:
530:(archaic:
338:Repariern
102:substratum
16:The terms
3456:Stotzheim
3276:Compare:
3222:Compare:
3182:Compare:
2831:Regiolect
2571:Knöllchen
2357:= "wir";
2304:eesch ens
1817:masculine
1045:forgotten
1000:vergessen
912:vergessen
882:forgotten
840:vergessen
704:vergessen
429:repariert
403:repareren
191:Rhineland
144:linguists
98:dialectal
94:Linguists
37:Rhineland
28:regiolect
3466:Category
3438:Duisburg
3391:of the
3383:(German)
3377:(German)
3371:(German)
3365:(German)
3351:(German)
3300:(2003),
3281:Archived
3253:(2008),
3199:(2003),
3159:(2008),
3129:citation
3081: :
3074:(2003),
2987:(1987),
2891: :
2884:(2003),
2850: :
2843:(2008),
2752:(2007),
2726:(2008),
2701:(2008),
2619:nepotism
2546:and the
2528:Kimpche
2522:Kümpken
2511:(South)
2506:(Center)
2432:English
2375:Käffchen
2347:jetz, un
2277:English
2154:,
2060:,
1940:daughter
1885:(better)
1838:feminine
1757:Eheleute
1731:(better)
1642:Schmitz
1588:marrying
1557:heiratet
1540:heiratn
1477:heiratet
955:vergeten
948:helemaal
915:gewesen
798:vergeten
791:helemaal
726:than to
708:anfangen
283:genitive
142:of some
114:Prussian
39:of West
3418:Cologne
3361:of the
3056:of the
2827:Dialect
2607:Klüngel
2603:kungeln
2501:(North)
2493:English
2320:trinken
2306:), and
2149:cleaned
2113:English
2055:geputzt
1789:English
1781:Tochter
1762:Schmitz
1724:Schmitz
1698:Schmitz
1681:Schmitz
1627:Schmitz
1618:Schmitz
1570:English
1503:marries
1492:English
1433:decline
1408:spooked
1379:English
1214:English
1092:kein(e)
1011:English
848:English
655:English
496:Manfred
465:English
451:Fahrrad
438:Manfred
395:aan het
371:Manfred
322:Manfred
76:phrases
41:Germany
22:Rhenish
3436:(from
3308:
3261:
3207:
3167:
3092:
3035:Zender
2999:
2906:
2865:
2833:, and
2787:
2765:
2738:
2713:
2690:
2667:
2583:
2577:Poppen
2519:Gefäß
2496:German
2324:drinke
2308:schonn
2300:ers'ma
2227:Kölsch
2205:rework
2142:nicely
1979:geputz
1869:neuter
1743:kommen
1562:gerade
1484:gerade
1460:graad
1457:heirat
1402:scared
993:völlig
833:völlig
728:German
661:please
627:einmal
549:van de
527:Aan de
487:fixing
330:Farrad
263:an dem
255:dative
203:e-mail
108:, and
80:idioms
78:, and
64:accent
60:German
24:, and
3446:Rhine
2812:" at
2806:See "
2458:Scots
2332:emmer
2328:immer
2086:nicht
1994:Mamma
1976:schön
1970:hasse
1933:their
1878:Smith
1867:the (
1847:Smith
1836:the (
1826:Smith
1815:the (
1805:comes
1798:there
1664:kommt
1303:Dutch
1193:keine
1109:Dutch
979:hatte
921:Dutch
762:Dutch
724:Dutch
716:haben
620:komme
613:bitte
589:komma
473:Peter
419:Peter
387:fiets
352:Peter
344:Dutch
308:Peter
72:words
3428:Bonn
3306:ISBN
3259:ISBN
3205:ISBN
3165:ISBN
3142:help
3090:ISBN
2997:ISBN
2904:ISBN
2863:ISBN
2839:Dr.
2785:ISBN
2763:ISBN
2748:Dr.
2736:ISBN
2711:ISBN
2697:Dr.
2688:ISBN
2665:ISBN
2651:Dr.
2316:allt
2198:any
2184:need
2157:that
2126:have
2119:this
2103:muss
2063:dass
2032:hast
2003:mehr
2000:nich
1988:muss
1926:with
1609:kütt
1576:Lisa
1552:Lisa
1531:Lisa
1498:Lisa
1472:Lisa
1454:Lisa
1392:have
1354:hast
1316:hebt
1258:that
1244:time
1227:have
1200:Zeit
1176:habe
1151:voor
1143:tijd
1136:geen
1129:daar
1095:Zeit
909:ganz
861:have
819:habe
753:ganz
712:sein
668:come
598:mich
566:and
509:bike
326:sein
2385:uns
2355:mer
2343:t/d
2314:or
2312:att
2191:not
2170:mom
2133:you
2076:ich
2048:gut
2025:das
2006:bei
1910:and
1903:Mr.
1857:and
1771:mit
1752:die
1717:das
1707:und
1691:die
1674:der
1624:die
1416:him
1405:or
1385:you
1361:ihn
1323:hem
1287:den
1284:has
1251:for
1185:für
1169:Ich
1122:heb
1099:für
1086:hab
1083:Ich
1024:had
972:ich
941:dat
934:was
906:dat
903:bin
900:ich
812:ich
784:dat
776:ben
750:dat
746:bin
742:ich
644:mir
593:bei
570:or
558:).
555:des
543:des
538:dem
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379:z'n
318:dem
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3131:}}
3127:{{
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1982:,
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