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same in each production batch. This saves time and money compared to re-printing exactly the same serial number that was used before. It is rare that the replacement banknote has the same serial number as the original faulty one. A replacement note will have its own serial-numbering system that separates it from the normal numbering system. The star also appears on notes that have a serial number higher than 100,000,000 because the number machines cannot print over eight digits.
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that is printed to replace a faulty one and is used as a control mechanism for governments or monetary authorities to know the exact number of banknotes being printed. Also, since no two serial numbers can be the same, the bill is simply reprinted with a symbol in the serial number, identifying it as
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Different countries may also have their own numbering or marking schemes. There is no guaranteed way to know the rarity of replacement banknotes as they are only introduced to replace defective ones. Some banknote collectors go after these rather unusual banknotes as their specialty. Both paper and
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inspects currency for printing errors prior to releasing notes into general circulation. When notes are discovered that have been printed incorrectly (such as having the serial numbers upside down, etc.) the misprinted "error notes" are replaced with star notes because no two bills within a certain
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As quality control finds defective notes in the printing process after the serial number has been overprinted, they are taken out with their serial number written down and replaced with another banknote printed specifically for this purpose, so that the number of banknotes being printed stays the
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series can be produced with the same serial number. They are used to maintain a correct count of notes in a serial number run. By their nature, star notes are more scarce than notes with standard serial numbers and as such are widely collected by
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used "✽" at the beginning of serial numbers on its replacement banknotes until 1975. They are known as "asterisk notes". Some later issues use prefixes with "33" or "X" to mark replacement banknotes.
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a replacement for an error note. Replacement bills have different symbols to mark the error around the world, although the most popular examples are "star notes".
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use "✫" in the serial number to mark a replacement banknote. These are known as "star notes". These were also used by
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uses "Sพ, 0Sพ,1Sพ,2Sพ ..." in the serial number to mark replacement polymer banknotes.
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373:. The United States Treasury Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Archived from
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342:(20th ed.). United States: Coin & Currency Institute. p. 9.
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use prefix "Letter/99" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes.
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uses "X3" in the serial number to mark replacement polymer banknotes.
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1957 one United States dollar star note (Star precedes serial number)
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uses "Z/0" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes.
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uses "DZ" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes.
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uses "ZA" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes.
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uses "X" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes.
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use "ZZ" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes.
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uses "R" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes.
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polymer replacement notes exist as this control mechanism.
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use "Z" in the serial number to mark replacement banknotes.
313:"U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing - Serial Numbers"
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Friedberg, Arthur L.; Friedberg, Ira S. (1 July 2013).
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444:Hockley, Max (26 February 2023).
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472:"Reserve Bank of India - Museum"
446:"Which Star Notes are Valuable?"
160:Bureau of Engraving and Printing
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171:Examples of marker by countries
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125:A $ 100 "star note". The
397:"Is My Star Note Rare?"
529:Numismatic terminology
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58:"Replacement banknote"
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317:www.moneyfactory.gov
135:replacement banknote
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479:. Retrieved
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375:the original
371:"Star Notes"
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508:Numismatics
421:"star note"
216:The Bahamas
200:until 1972.
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481:2021-01-08
456:8 November
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299:References
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524:Banknotes
254:Indonesia
248:Singapore
238:Hong Kong
228:Guatemala
220:Sri Lanka
210:Argentina
198:Australia
139:star note
276:Thailand
242:Mongolia
234:Scotland
224:Malaysia
192:and the
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127:asterisk
99:May 2017
381:May 27,
288:Nigeria
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