Renewable energy in the European Union

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solar generating power to be added to the grid in 2022 and 2023 with further 330MW to be added in 2024 and 2025. Croatia hopes to meet its 2030 renewable energy targets well ahead of schedule in 2025. with 109MW of Solar, 1400MW of Hydroelectric and 671MW Wind energy already commissioned, Croatia hopes to add further 1500MW of renewable energy to the power grid by or in 2025, increasing its Solar generation to 770MW, Hydroelectric to 1700MW and Wind to 1270MW. Croatia meets EU renewable energy targets, currently Croatia is in top 5 nations in the EU in terms of renewable energy target with renewable energy accounting for majority of energy power generation in Croatia. By 2023 Croatia hopes to install further 1500MW of Solar and Wind capacity increasing renewable energy share in Croatia energy mix to over 80% of energy produced in Croatia through renewable energy sources, reaching its 2050 renewable energy strategy 20 years ahead of schedule.

330:. No specific goals were set for the energy sector, which disappointed many countries. While the EU had proposed an annual increase in the use of renewable energy at a rate of 1.5% worldwide until 2010, Johannesburg's action plan did not recommend such a "substantial" increase, with no concrete goals nor dates being set. The EU was unwilling to accept this result and with other nations formed a group of "pioneer countries" that promised to establish ambitious national or even regional goals to achieve global targets. The Johannesburg Renewable Energy Coalition (JREC) has a total of more than 80 member countries; the EU members, Brazil, South Africa and New Zealand amongst them. 1582: 615: 359:

the sectoral targets, the technology mix they expect to use, the trajectory they will follow and the measures and reforms they will undertake to overcome the barriers to developing renewable energy. The plans are published by the EC upon receipt in the original language, allowing public scrutiny. The commission will evaluate them, assessing their completeness and credibility. In parallel, the plans will be translated into English. In addition, the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands was contracted by the European Environment Agency to create an external database and quantitative report of the reports received so far.

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the 3SI countries have the capacity to deploy 200 GW of solar, 60 GW of onshore wind, and 23 GW of offshore wind by 2030, potentially raising the renewable energy share in electricity generation to 67%. Nonetheless, the report acknowledges challenges, including inadequate progress in offshore wind targets and a lack of policy support in specific regions. The report recommends measures such as prioritizing funding, implementing risk mitigation strategies, and enhancing cross-border infrastructure to maximize the CEE region's renewable energy potential.

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reflect an equal level of ambition as the targets fixed for EU Member States. The targets for the share of renewable energy in Contracting Parties in 2020 are the following: Albania 38%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 40%, Kosovo* 25%, North Macedonia 28%, Moldova 17%, Montenegro 33%, Serbia 27% and Ukraine 11%. The deadline for transposing the Directive 2009/28/EC and the adoption of the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) was set for 1 January 2014.

4310: 608: 2785: 1899: 2746: 2664: 3671: 7095: 2141: 616: 3102: 2945: 2344: 2305: 1940: 3788: 3516: 2705: 2102: 2061: 1817: 3827: 3438: 4061: 3944: 3866: 2424: 1979: 4178: 4100: 3983: 3281: 2264: 4324: 245: 175: 4217: 4022: 3632: 987:. In many member States, wood was the single most important source of renewable energy, such as in Latvia (29%), Finland (24%), Sweden (20%), Lithuania (17%) and Denmark (15%). The European Union has established sustainability criteria for biomass to be counted towards renewable energy targets. The EU subsidises wood energy to incentivise its use over oil and natural gas, and consumes more wood pellets than any other world region. 2543: 2223: 163:. The directive sets targets for each individual member state taking into account the different starting points and potentials. Targets for renewable energy use by 2020 among different member states varied from 10% to 49%. 26 EU member states met their national 2020 targets. The sole exception was France, which had aimed for 23% but only reached 19.1%. By 2022, Austria, Ireland, and Slovenia had dropped below their 2020 targets. 4139: 2865: 1494: 3202: 2623: 2182: 3398: 3554: 2383: 3242: 2824: 3477: 3320: 484: 143:

renewables accounted for 37.5% of gross energy consumption, led by wind (36%) and hydro-power (33%), followed by solar (14%), solid biofuels (8%) and other renewable sources (8%). In transport, the share of renewable energy used reached 10.2%. Renewable electricity generation reached 50% of total EU electricity in the first half of 2024.

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The key parts of the European renewable energy targets agreement set in 2014 are as proposed by a Shell lobbyist in October 2011. Shell is the sixth biggest lobbyist in Brussels, spending between €4.25-4.5m a year lobbying the EU institutions. Agreement has no binding targets for member states on energy efficiency or renewable energy.

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consumption of 2,645 TWh in 2018, onshore wind contributed 309 TWh (12%) and offshore wind contributed 53 TWh (2%), bringing the total contribution of wind energy to 362 TWh (14%). The energy comes from a total onshore wind capacity of 160 GW and a total offshore wind capacity of 18.5 GW, with an average capacity factor of 24%.

617: 613: 131:'s 2023 revision of the Renewable Energy Directive, which raises the EU's binding renewable energy target for 2030 to at least 42.5%, up from the previous target of 32%. Effective since November 20, 2023, across all EU countries, this directive aligns with broader climate objectives, including reducing 883:

Spain as a whole has the target of generating 30% of its electricity needs from renewable energy sources by 2010, with half of that amount coming from wind power. In 2006, 20% of the total electricity demand was already produced with renewable energy sources, and in January 2009 the total electricity

757:

Lithuania has many yet undeveloped renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, geothermal energy, municipal waste, and biomass. The amount of biomass per capita in Lithuania is one of the highest in the European Union and it is estimated that in 2020 Lithuania will be the first in the EU according

705:

electricity from renewable sources accounted for about 33.9%. Compared to the previous year, biomass, solar and wind changed their production by +4.8%, -3.1% and -1.7%, respectively, while weather permitting hydro power decreased by 10.3%. Wind and solar combined generated more energy than nuclear in

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emissions by 45% by 2030 and phase out coal by 2033. However, the shift to a low-carbon economy will need significant expenditures in new energy infrastructure and additional renewable energy resources. Croatia established a 2030 National Energy and Climate Plan to attain its aim. The national policy

362:

In 2014, negotiations about EU energy and climate targets until 2030 were initiated. Whilst seven Central and Eastern European member states had already met their 2020 targets by 2016 (amongst the eleven EU wide), a small number of others are likely to attempt to slow down the transformation process.

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by 30 June 2010. These plans, to be prepared in accordance with the template published by the commission, provide detailed roadmaps of how each Member State expects to reach its legally binding 2020 target for the share of renewable energy in their final energy consumption. Member States must set out

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is a project bringing together many partners from industry, government, academic and consulting organisations. It is intended that 47 hydrogen powered buses will operate in regular public transport service in 10 cities on three continents. Many of the HyFLEET:CUTE project partners have been involved

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By 2023, greentech was one of the few sectors in the EU where venture capital investments matched those in the United States, highlighting the impact of the EU's ambitious climate goals and government subsidies. This targeted investment has helped narrow the gap between the US and EU in sectors such

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have made them the most cost-effective sources of electricity in the region. The updated National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) demonstrate heightened ambition, with some countries having already achieved their 2030 renewable electricity targets. The analysis presented in the report suggests that

333:

In the European Conference for Renewable Energy in Berlin in 2004, the EU defined ambitious goals of its own. The conclusion was that by 2020, the EU would seek to obtain 20% of its total energy consumption requirements with renewable energy sources. Up until that point, the EU had only set targets

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in the European Union. Including non-EU countries, a total of 81.5 GW had been installed. Although Europe has lost its leadership in solar deployment, the continent still accounts for about 59 percent of global installed photovoltaics. Solar PV covered 3 percent of the electricity demand and 6

1005:

Biofuels offer an alternative plant-based solution to rising problems regarding geological fuel sources. Chemically, biofuels are alcohols produced by fermenting raw materials from starch and sugars. While complete substitution is not yet common in Europe, countries like Germany have been using E10

777:

instrument – the E4 Programme (Energy Efficiency and Endogenous Energies), consisting of a set of multiple, diversified measures aimed at promoting a consistent, integrated approach to energy supply and demand. By promoting energy efficiency and the use of endogenous (renewable) energy sources, the

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in 1895, some 127 years ago, ever since Croatian energy strategy was based on Hydroelectric power generation, which today accounts for more than half of Croatia's power generation. Other sources of renewable energy in Croatia are Solar with 109MW of installed power in use and with further 350MW of

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The first commercial application of a new form of CSP called STEM will take place in Sicily . This has generated considerable academic and commercial interest internationally for off-grid applications to produce 24 hour industrial scale power for mining sites and remote communities in Italy, other

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Biomass is material from plants or animals such as wheat stalks, yard waste, corn cobs, manure, wood or sewage. In 2017, solid biomass was the main type of bioenergy in the EU, accounting for 70% of bioenergy production. In 2016, bioenergy was the leading source of renewable energy in the European

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and the acceptance of binding targets Contracting Parties can participate in all cooperation mechanisms. This means in particular that statistical transfers of renewable energy for the purposes of target achievement will be possible independently from physical flow of electricity. In addition, the

146:

In 2022, Sweden led among EU nations, with nearly two-thirds (66.0%) of its gross final energy consumption derived from renewable sources, followed by Finland (47.9%), Latvia (43.3%), Denmark (41.6%), and Estonia (38.5%). Conversely, the EU members reporting the lowest renewable energy proportions

142:

The main source of renewable energy in 2019 was biomass (57.4% of gross energy consumption). In particular, wood is the leading source of renewable energy in Europe, far ahead of solar and wind. In 2020, renewables provided 23.1% of gross energy consumption in heating and cooling. In electricity,

1236:

In 2018 wind energy generated enough electricity to meet 14% of the EU's electricity demand. Denmark had the highest share of wind (41%) in Europe, followed by Ireland (28%) and Portugal (24%). Germany, Spain and the UK follow with 21%, 19% and 18% respectively. Out of the EU's total electricity

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Also the Contracting Parties of the Energy Community, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*, North Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and Ukraine implement the Directive 2009/28/EC since September 2012. The shares for the Contracting Parties were calculated based on the EU methodology and

772:

In 2010, more than 50% of all yearly electricity consumption in Portugal was generated from renewable energy sources. The most important generation sources were hydroelectric (30%) and wind power (18%), with bioenergy (5%) and photovoltaic solar power (0.5%) accounting for the rest. In 2001, the

525:

Korlat is home to Croatia's largest wind farm, which consists of 18 wind turbines with a total installed capacity of 3.6 megawatts. The power station generates around 170 gigatonnes of electricity each year. That equates to around 1% of Croatia's yearly electricity use and energy for over 50 000

346:

set binding targets for all EU Member States, such that the EU will reach a 20% share of energy from renewable sources by 2020 and a 10% share of renewable energy specifically in the transport sector. By 2014, the EU realized a 16% share of energy from renewable sources with nine member states

990:

Wood pellets are sourced from grinded trees extracted from forests in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, the Baltic states and the southeastern United States. Some of the forests belong to natural protected areas such as the ones located in northern Romania. Although in Europe wood is considered a

403:

Underlying many of the EU's energy policy proposals is the goal to limit global temperature changes to no more than 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, of which 0.8 °C has already taken place and another 0.5–0.7 °C (for total warming of 1.3-1.5 °C) is already

366:

On 30 November 2016, the Commission presented a proposal for a revised Renewable Energy Directive to ensure that the target of at least 27% renewables in the final energy consumption in the EU by 2030 is met and to ensure that the EU is a global leader in renewable energy.

614: 1224:

confirms wind energy could power Europe many times over. The report highlights wind power's potential in 2020 as three times greater than Europe's expected electricity demand, rising to a factor of seven by 2030. An EWEA report overviewing 2009 data estimated that 230

611: 6051: 1556:, FCH JU, is a public private partnership supporting research, technological development and demonstration activities in fuel cell and hydrogen energy technologies in Europe. Its aim is to accelerate the market introduction of these technologies. The 1013:

Although this may seem like a slight increase in ethanol use, this progression reflects a more progressive Europe as improvements are being made based primarily upon environmentally conscious efforts, rather than geopolitical or economic pressures.

983:

Union, at 59.2% of gross energy consumption, most of which was used for heating and cooling (74.6%), followed by electricity generation (13.4%) and biofuels (12.0%). Biomass is burned both for heating and electrical generation, often in the form of

6596:

Joanna Krzeminska, Are Support Schemes for Renewable Energies Compatible with Competition Objectives? An Assessment of National and Community Rules, Yearbook of European Environmental Law (Oxford University Press), Volume VII, Nov. 2007,

958:

decision lays down a number of adaptations to the rules for statistical transfers and joint support schemes between the Contracting Parties and EU Member States to ensure the original objectives of the RES Directive are preserved.

154:

enacted in 2009 lays out a framework for individual member states to share the overall EU-wide 20% renewable energy target for 2020. Promoting the use of renewable energy sources is important both to the reduction of the EU's

1366:, The world production of photovoltaic modules surpassed 550 MW, of which more than the 50% was produced in the EU. Within 15 years even a small country in Europe might expect to exceed this amount in domestic installations. 1397:

parts of Europe, Australia, Asia, North Africa and Latin America. STEM uses fluidized silica sand as a thermal storage and heat transfer medium for CSP systems. It has been developed by Salerno-based Magaldi Industries.

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zero-emissions fuel and a renewable energy, this has been considered controversial and scientists have urged policy-makers to stop treating wood as a green source of energy in order to reduce the cutting down of trees.

318:

of 1997 added the principle of sustainable development to the objectives of the EU. Since 1997, the EU has been working towards a renewable energy supply equivalent to 12% of the total EU's energy consumption by 2010.

697:

In 2014, Germany's share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption increased by 1.4% to 13.8%. In 2004, renewables accounted for only 5.8% or about the same share as for the Netherlands in 2014 (5.5%).

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programme seeks to upgrade the competitiveness of the Portuguese economy and to modernize the country's social fabric, while simultaneously preserving the environment by reducing gas emissions, especially the CO

579:

In 2016, renewable electricity accounted for 19.6% of France's total domestic power consumption, of which 12.2% was provided by hydroelectricity, 4.3% by wind power, 1.7% by solar power and 1.4% by bio energy.

6306: 1456: 1349:

17.2 GW of PV capacity were connected to the grid in Europe, compared to 22.4 GW in 2011; Europe still accounted for the predominant share of the global PV market, with 55% of all new capacity in 2012.

618: 789: 382:(3SI) participants. According to the report, renewable energy surpassed coal for the first time in 2023, accounting for 39% of electricity generation in Three Seas countries. The decreasing costs of 5506: 1229:(GW) of wind capacity will be installed in Europe by 2020, consisting of 190 GW onshore and 40 GW offshore. This would produce 14-17% of the EU's electricity, avoiding 333 million tonnes of CO 730:

In 2014, 38.2% of Italian electric energy consumption came from renewable sources (in 2005 this value was 15.4%), covering 16.2% of the total energy consumption of the country (5.3% in 2005).

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targets for a 36.4% renewable energy share by 2030, as well as major investment in the energy industry, including hydropower, wind farms, solar photovoltaic facilities, and hydrogen energy.

1683:, created by renewable energy usage. It is also claimed by German heavy industry spokesmen that this has forced their industries to close, move overseas, and resulted in the loss of German 420:, the UK's leading academic climate change research organisation, have argued that to be consistent with the science, 1 °C is a more accurate threshold for "dangerous" climate change. 5790: 7350: 447: 27: 6622: 7317: 6439: 954: 736:

production accounted for almost 9% of the total electric consumption in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world.

1472:'s minimum target is to produce solar heating equivalent to 5.600.000 tons of oil (by 2020). A more ambitious, but feasible, target is 73 million tons of oil per year (by 2020) 5268: 4636: 785:

In January 2014, 91% of the monthly needed Portuguese electricity consumption was generated by renewable sources, although the real figure stands at 78%, as 14% was exported.

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was installed in 2011 alone, representing 21.4% of new power capacity. The EU wind industry has had an average annual growth of 15.6% over the last 17 years (1995-2011).

6276: 4378: 1460: 4803: 5733: 854: 5140: 416:, professor of energy and climate change in the School of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Civil Engineering at the University of Manchester and former director of the 135:

by at least 55% by 2030 and achieving climate neutrality by 2050. Additionally, the Energy 2020 strategy exceeded its goals, with the EU achieving a 22.1% share of

6647: 6631: 4337: 6615: 6317: 6095: 229: 5341: 4790: 4451: 6073: 5389: 6464: 6257: 4294:*Total includes vegetable oils in Germany: 7309 GWh (2006) and 2018 GWh (2005) and biogas in Sweden: 225 GWh (2006) and 160 GWh (2005), n.a. = not available 710:. Nuclear decreased production by 7.7%, while electricity generation from natural gas, brown and hard coal changed by +50.2%, -3.3% and -5.8%, respectively. 5977: 1202:

Research from a wide variety of sources in various European countries shows that support for wind power is consistently about 80% among the general public.

1463:(SRA), which includes a deployment roadmap showing the non-technological framework conditions that will enable this ambitious goal to be reached by 2050. 838:, covers an area of 250-hectare. The 46-megawatt solar power plant produces enough electricity for 30,000 homes and saves more than 89,400 tons a year in 395:

as energy storage, the circular economy, and agricultural technology, and can be attributed to the European Green Deal and other government regulations.

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Moving Targets. Negotiations on the EU’s Energy and Climate Policy Objectives for the Post-2020 Period and Implications for the German Energy Transition

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Employment in the renewable energy industry has however fallen every year since 2011, reaching 34,300 jobs in 2016, according to annual data from the

7167: 6426: 6372: 5570: 4804:

Modifying the 2°C Target. Climate Policy Objectives in the Contested Terrain of Scientific Policy Advice, Political Preferences, and Rising Emissions

4476: 5034: 7172: 7162: 7131: 5768: 5123: 4398: 6127: 5411: 4895: 1441:, the EU's installed capacity would already be 91 GWth (130 million m today, far beyond the target of 100 million m by 2010, set by the 7371: 5798: 5463: 1268: 499: 6527:

Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources

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with an installed capacity 11MW, covers an area of 60-hectare, produces enough energy for 8,000 homes and saves more than 30,000 tons a year in

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responsible for climatic change. As a result, in the five years between 2005 and 2010, energy production from renewable sources increased 28%.

147:

included Ireland (13.1%), Malta (13.4%), Belgium (13.8%), and Luxembourg (14.4%), with 17 out of the 27 falling below the EU average of 23.0%.

5900: 6343: 7332: 5523: 5301: 750:

In 2016 Renewable energy in Lithuania constituted 28% of the country's overall electricity generation. The majority of renewable energy in

7296: 6845: 509:

One of the earliest Hydro-electric projects in the world and Europe's first Hydro electric power plant was built in Croatia near town of

6235: 6214: 5947: 7345: 7276: 7182: 5555: 4931: 1469: 907:, in particular, are near this goal. In 2006 they fulfilled about 70% of their total electricity demand from renewable energy sources. 466: 436: 5275: 3056: 1743: 758:

to the quantity of available biomass for biofuel production. The projected production of biofuels by 2020 is 0.25 tons per capita.

378:

focuses on the progress and potential of renewable energy in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, with an emphasis on the

213: 6293: 7227: 7177: 6515: 4539: 1746:

account for more than 99 percent of the overall capacity, while stand-alone photovoltaic power system have become insignificant.

5925: 7340: 6956: 6805: 5602: 347:

already achieving their 2020 goals. By 2018, this had risen to 18% with twelve member states meeting their 2020 targets early.

5853: 4970: 4701: 7327: 7003: 6941: 5650: 1665: 1183: 1044: 526:

families. Five small solar photovoltaic facilities (totaling 22 megawatts) are being built in Croatia's southern counties of

355: 6154: 4859: 788:

The renewable energy produced in Portugal fell from 55.5% of the total energy produced in 2016 to 41.8% in 2017, due to the

7312: 7291: 7124: 7088: 7029: 7024: 5831: 5697: 835: 834:

had the second largest photovoltaic power station in the world, which was completed in December 2008. The complex, called

4506: 7266: 6870: 6760: 4388: 4373: 209: 7271: 7232: 6550: 6526: 5226:"Nation Bureau for Geology and Energy, Energias Renováveis - Estatísticas Rápidas de fevereiro de 2011 (in Portuguese)" 1078: 6201: 6102: 7322: 7212: 4393: 2949: 2908: 2024: 1720: 1668:. IRENA says economic crises and adverse policy conditions led to reduced investments in renewable energy in the EU. 1246: 573: 469:

is an initiative funded under the IEE programme to improve energy consumption in schools and their local communities.

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History of the percentage-share of renewables on the gross final energy consumption in the European Union since 2004

7140: 6682: 5813: 4663: 4609: 6475: 7261: 7192: 7117: 7034: 6700: 5984: 4987: 4650: 4423: 4413: 888: 460: 371: 151: 220:

Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in EU27 countries in 2022, compared with 2020 target

7286: 7251: 7187: 6988: 6860: 6735: 6705: 6677: 6499: 2586: 7217: 7055: 7019: 6855: 6755: 6730: 6011: 4352: 1513: 1378:

Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant, in Spain, was the first concentrated solar power plant to provide 24‑hour power.

1000: 745: 4579: 1695:

In 2010 renewables avoided €30bn in imported fuel costs. In 2010 EU supported renewable energy with €26bn.

1382:

Description: CSV power can generate either heat or electricity according to the type used. One advantage of

7222: 7207: 7197: 7070: 6993: 6961: 6880: 6770: 6750: 6740: 6657: 5666: 5225: 4383: 767: 539: 6406: 5577: 5108: 6951: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6840: 6830: 6820: 6815: 6800: 6775: 6672: 6667: 5879: 5085: 1482:. Growth potential is enormous. Solar heating in the EU was equivalent to more than 686.000 tons of oil. 1404: 1217: 692: 6074:"Action Plan for 50%: How Solar Thermal Can Supply Europe's Energy | Renewable Energy News Article" 1581: 7202: 7157: 7060: 7039: 6998: 6983: 6946: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6890: 6875: 6835: 6825: 6765: 6715: 6710: 6639: 6131: 5215:

Lithuanian Renewable Energy Promotion Action Plan 2010-2020 years. 2008. Applied research. Vilnius. 215

5172: 4906: 1672: 914:, two autonomous communities in Spain managed to fulfill their total 2006 electricity demand free of CO 567: 413: 5460: 5008: 7065: 6885: 6865: 6850: 6745: 6725: 6720: 6662: 6652: 1599: 1416: 878: 725: 375: 6810: 4767:"The scale-up gap: Financial market constraints holding back innovative firms in the European Union" 257: 187: 6692: 6569:

European Forum for Renewable Energy Sources "Members of Parliament for a Sustainable Energy Future"

5243: 5059: 4342: 2467: 1383: 1259: 847: 839: 588: 547: 543: 132: 6351: 3046:

EUROBSER'VER (Observatoire des énergies renouvelables) Photovoltaic Barometer - installations 2014

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is from biofuel. The principal source of electricity from renewable resources is from hydropower.

572:

In July 2015, the French parliament passed a comprehensive energy and climate law that includes a

7281: 7098: 5416: 4315: 2668: 1903: 1724: 1264: 843: 444:

is a cooperative network of mayors and local authorities working to implement energy initiatives.

314:

signed in 1992 set an objective of promoting stable growth while protecting the environment. The

5530: 1505: 6025: 2709: 2227: 2145: 2065: 1862: 1821: 1531: 1451:

The research efforts and infrastructure needed to supply 50% of the energy for space and water

1387: 896: 441: 5386:"Produção de Energia Eléctrica (KWh): Produção por Região, Origem da Energia e Ano, Mes (KWh)" 1530:. The funding of just over £4 million is part of a £13 million funding package for 5955: 4329: 2627: 2268: 2186: 1983: 527: 379: 6600: 5269:"Renewable energy association, Energias Renováveis - February Press release (in Portuguese)" 6535: 4825: 2828: 2387: 1709: 1126: 1063:

The earliest industrial exploitation began in 1827 with the use of geyser steam to extract

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requiring 40% of national electricity production to come from renewable sources by 2030.

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up to 2010, and this proposal was the first to represent the EU's commitment up to 2020.

128: 5482: 5363: 4829: 4664:"Gross and net production of electricity and derived heat by type of plant and operator" 1150:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

103:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

4841: 4403: 1730: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1547: 1527: 923: 405: 1509: 900: 7094: 6000:

CSP Today, April 11, 2014 "Italian project shows strong potential for sand based CSP"

5705: 5646: 5549: 4925: 4845: 4514: 1586: 1093: 1082: 1023: 825: 813: 793: 323: 311: 156: 1256:

Description: PV solar power are solar modules that are used to generate electricity.

929:

In 2005, Spain became the first country in the world to require the installation of

7109: 6539: 6258:"Energy Revolution Hiccups: Grid Instability Has Industry Scrambling for Solutions" 5857: 5638: 4833: 4688: 4368: 1356:

79% of all European capacity was in Germany, where 794 MWp had been installed. The

892: 315: 136: 23: 1403:

By year end in the European Union, 2,114 MWp had been installed, mainly in Spain.

253: 183: 5510: 5467: 4863: 4689:

Updating the EU's Energy and Climate Policy. New Targets for the Post-2020 Period

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since 2011. E10 fuels have replaced the previous E5 fuel, containing 5% ethanol.

938: 904: 796:. The sources of the renewable energy that was produced in Portugal in 2017 were 374:

think tank released a report titled "Empowering Central and Eastern Europe." The

326:

in 2002 failed to introduce the radical changes targeted for ten years after the

6502:

Systèmes solaires Le journal des énergies renouvelables n° 179, s. 63–75, 5/2007

6386:"EurObserv'ER 203 (2011) - Solar thermal and concentrated solar power barometer" 1374: 18: 5124:

Share of renewables in energy consumption in the EU rose further to 16% in 2014

5111: 5038: 3754: 3364: 3101: 2944: 2903: 2019: 1684: 1557: 702: 683: 472: 417: 409: 408:. 2 °C is usually seen as the upper temperature limit to avoid 'dangerous 160: 124: 6385: 6277:"Merkel's Switch to Renewables: Rising Energy Prices Endanger German Industry" 5504:

Las renovables ahorraron en enero 90 millones de euros en importaciones de gas

5388:. Serviço Regional de Estatística dos Açores. 15 February 2018. Archived from 4477:"Policy Brief: Bioenergy Landscape – Bioenergy Europe Statistical Report 2021" 1516:

machines was officially opened in by the Portuguese minister for the economy.

1459:(ESTTP). Published in late December 2008, more than 100 experts developed the 7365: 5762:"Europe burns a controversial 'renewable' energy source: trees from the U.S." 5709: 5440:"Electricidade de origem renovável na Madeira correspondeu a 29% da produção" 4518: 4363: 3062: 1738: 1422: 911: 774: 5632: 1455:

across Europe using solar thermal energy was set out under the aegis of the

1421:

Description: Solar heating is the usage of solar energy to provide space or

933:

electricity generation in new buildings, and the second in the world (after

6579: 5317:"Seca está a afetar produção de energia hídrica. Consumo de carvão dispara" 1680: 1068: 930: 387: 6584: 5630: 1209:(MW) in 2011, enough to supply 6.3% of the EU's electricity. 9,616 MW of 7242: 3910: 2581: 1752:

2013 - photovoltaic Barometer Report - PV Capacity in the European Union

1676: 1442: 984: 919: 862: 809: 801: 555: 455: 1171: 1032: 4766: 3715: 3180: 2503: 1210: 1072: 1064: 858: 817: 797: 383: 327: 6546:

Reegle: Information Gateway For Renewable Energy And Energy Efficiency

5412:"Fontes fósseis responsáveis por 63,4% da energia elétrica nos Açores" 5342:"Produção de energia eléctrica: total e a partir de fontes renováveis" 1538:) off the coast of Orkney and will have an installed capacity of 3MW. 1360:

anticipated that Germany may have installed around 4,500 MWp by 2010.

252:

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per year and saving Europe €28 billion a year in avoided fuel costs.

1226: 1206: 805: 751: 7351:

List of U.S. states by electricity production from renewable sources

5854:"EEA report confirms wind energy could power Europe many times over" 5817: 4816:

Randalls, Samuel (2010). "History of the 2 °C climate target".

4715:"Shell lobbied to undermine EU renewables targets, documents reveal" 4309: 1205:

Installed Wind power capacity in the European Union totalled 93,957

488: 6316:. EPIA - European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from 5734:"How Europe's clean energy policies harm forests – DW – 01/04/2023" 5642: 5461:

http://ww1.rtp.pt/noticias/?article=379834&visual=26&tema=4

5127: 4837: 4347: 3832: 3793: 3521: 3443: 3143: 3066: 2784: 2745: 2663: 1898: 1734: 1523: 831: 492: 7318:

List of countries by electricity production from renewable sources

4860:"Kevin Anderson | Tyndall°Centre for Climate Change Research" 1493: 1437:

If all EU countries used solar thermal as enthusiastically as the

1097:

Share of wind power in total electricity demand in Europe in 2017

5035:"France to Adopt Law to Cut Nuclear Dependency, Carbon Emissions" 4183: 4105: 4066: 3988: 3871: 3598: 3286: 3207: 2704: 2343: 2304: 2222: 2140: 2101: 2060: 1939: 1857: 1816: 1534:. The farm, is to be located at the European Marine Test Centre ( 1438: 1007: 977: 510: 6155:"Babcock, EDP and Efacec to Collaborate on Wave Energy Projects" 4580:"23% of energy consumed in 2022 came from renewables - Eurostat" 1602:

have offered new work opportunities in the EU during 2005–2009.

1526:

using four Pelamis machines was announced on 20 February by the

6574:

European Federation of Regional Energy and Environment Agencies

6465:"Solar Thermal and CSP Barometer - installations 2012 and 2013" 4222: 4027: 3637: 3559: 3403: 3247: 2864: 2622: 2423: 2263: 2181: 1978: 934: 866: 821: 713:

In April 2023 Germany shutdown its last three nuclear reactors,

535: 5364:"Evolution of the Electricity Generation in Mainland Portugal" 5150:. Fraunhofer Institute, Germany. 5 January 2015. pp. 2, 3 1431:

At present the EU is second after China in the installations.

227: 6630: 6531: 6523:

European platform for energy efficiency and renewable energy.

6516:

Eurostat - Statistics Explained - Renewable energy statistics

5009:"Greener Croatia aims to cut emissions, secure energy supply" 4418: 4144: 3482: 3325: 2823: 2542: 2382: 1679:, increasing electricity prices and grid instability induced 884:

demand produced with renewable energy sources reached 34.8%.

531: 483: 5924:. European Photovoltaic Industry Association. Archived from 4982: 4980: 6407:"solar_thermal_markets.pdf Solar Thermal Markets in Europe" 5832:"Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential – EEA" 4741:"Renewable energy directive - Energy - European Commission" 4651:

Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption

4379:

European Commissioner for Environment, Oceans and Fisheries

1675:

renewable energy caused, according to the German newspaper

1535: 6573: 1561:

in previous hydrogen transport projects, most notably the

337: 6568: 6545: 4977: 1504:

The world's first commercial wave farm is located at the

6520: 6275:

Dohmen, Frank; Neubacher, Alexander (24 February 2012).

4338:

List of renewable energy topics by country and territory

1553: 850:. These solar parks are approximately 30 km apart. 1490:

Description:Wave power is used to generate electricity.

816:

with 0.4% (up from 0.3% in 2016) and a small amount of

592:

Windmills and solar panels at Lisberg Castle in Germany

6563: 5698:"Europe Is Sacrificing Its Ancient Forests for Energy" 5302:"Mau tempo empurra renováveis para recorde em Janeiro" 5198: 4971:"Solarni kapaciteti u regiji četiri puta veći do 2024" 4945: 3057:

Solar power in the European Union § Solar thermal

6335: 5922:"Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2013 - 2017" 4507:"European Union Signals a Move Away from Wood Energy" 7139: 6096:"Solar Thermal Action Plan for Europe ESTIF, 1/2007" 4305: 1407:, in Spain, was the first to provide 24‑hour power. 716:

completely halting the production of nuclear power.

7257:

List of concentrating solar thermal power companies

6307:"Global Market Outlook for Photovoltaics 2014-2018" 6202:

Jobs provided by RES Industry in the EU (2005–2009)

6029: 5631:European Commission, Joint Research Centre (2019). 1222:

Europe's onshore and offshore wind energy potential

6429:Trends and Market Statistics 2010, ESTIF June 2011 5516: 5167: 5165: 5141:"Power generation in Germany – assessment of 2016" 4791:New EU energy plan – more security, less pollution 4409:Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme 7168:List of offshore wind farms in the United Kingdom 5856:. Eolic Energy News. 15 June 2009. Archived from 5637:. LU: Publications Office of the European Union. 5634:Brief on biomass for energy in the European Union 5117: 4610:"European Union Renewable Energy Directive, 2009" 800:with 21.6% of the total (up from 20.7% in 2016), 7363: 7173:List of offshore wind farms in the United States 7163:List of onshore wind farms in the United Kingdom 6493: 5314: 5086:"Panorama de l'électricité renouvelable en 2016" 5060:"France passes sweeping energy bill, to raise CO 4452:"Renewable energy targets - European Commission" 4399:European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register 1742:percent of the peak electricity demand in 2013. 1703: 542:- the projects initiated in 2022, backed by the 268:Gross electricity production in the EU27 in TWh: 217: 7337:List of people associated with renewable energy 6375:Trends and Market Statistics 2008, ESTIF 5/2009 6274: 5315:Martins Carvalho, Patrícia (22 November 2017). 5244:"Portugal Gives Itself a Clean-Energy Makeover" 5162: 4818:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 1756: 610: 500:Category:Renewable energy in the European Union 5872: 5696:Hurtes, Sarah; Cai, Weiyi (7 September 2022). 824:. 24% of the energy produced in the Azores is 7125: 6616: 6373:Solar thermal market grows strongly in Europe 5102: 4988:"Croatia to add 1.5 GW of renewables by 2025" 1267:in 'watts per capita' from 1992 to 944: 861:centers in the world, started to work in the 842:. Also in production since January 2007, the 7333:List of largest hydroelectric power stations 6462: 6341: 6026:"European Solar Thermal Technology Platform" 1410: 792:, which severely affected the production of 6553:- The state of renewable energies in Europe 6294:Avoiding fossil fuel costs with wind energy 6012:"Spain's round-the-clock solar power plant" 5603:"Bioenergy factsheet - Bioenergy in Europe" 1369: 1251: 961: 7346:List of renewable energy topics by country 7277:List of rooftop photovoltaic installations 7183:Lists of offshore wind farms by water area 7132: 7118: 6623: 6609: 5560:Red Eléctrica de España Annual Report 2006 5032: 4631: 4629: 1457:European Solar Thermal Technology Platform 398: 6632:Renewable energy by country and territory 6299: 5814:"Wind in power: 2011 European statistics" 5695: 5241: 5235: 1744:Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems 1554:Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking 686:electricity came from renewables in 2021. 6255: 4815: 4637:"Share of energy from renewable sources" 1580: 1492: 1373: 1258: 1092: 600:Electricity by source in 2021 in Germany 587: 482: 214:EU Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC 17: 7228:List of wind farms in the United States 7178:Lists of offshore wind farms by country 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4626: 1512:in Portugal. The farm which uses three 1390:to provide power up to 24 hours a day. 338:Renewable energy directives and targets 7372:Renewable energy in the European Union 7364: 7341:List of renewable energy organizations 6500:Biofuels barometer 2007 – EurObserv’ER 5791:"The Social Acceptance of Wind Energy" 5554:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5299: 5242:ROSENTHAL, ELISABETH (9 August 2010). 5179:(in Italian). Legambiente. 18 May 2015 4930:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4793:, press release by European Commission 4504: 804:with 13.3% (down from 28.1% in 2016), 546:, are expected to save 66 kilotons of 356:National Renewable Energy Action Plans 30:in selected European countries (2021) 7328:Lists of hydroelectric power stations 7113: 6604: 6378: 6256:Schröder, Catalina (16 August 2012). 5756: 5754: 5728: 5726: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5173:"Il rapporto Comuni Rinnovabili 2015" 4700:Oliver Geden/Severin Fischer (2014), 4687:Severin Fischer/Oliver Geden (2013), 1666:International Renewable Energy Agency 773:Portuguese government launched a new 7313:List of books about renewable energy 7292:List of solar thermal power stations 6152: 5811: 5513:, Energías-Renovables.com, (Spanish) 5300:Garcia, Ricardo (12 February 2014). 4994: 4885:Cabot Institute Annual Lecture, 2012 4759: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4500: 4498: 4446: 4444: 1733:of solar PV accounted for almost 79 1166: 1130: 1027: 836:Amareleja photovoltaic power station 412:'. However some scientists, such as 238: 168: 139:in 2020, surpassing the 20% target. 83: 7267:List of photovoltaic power stations 6177:"Orkney to get 'biggest' wave farm" 6009: 5078: 4691:, FES International Policy Analysis 4505:Hurtes, Sarah (15 September 2022). 4389:Energy policy of the European Union 4374:Energy efficiency in Europe (study) 210:Energy policy of the European Union 13: 7297:People associated with solar power 7272:List of pioneering solar buildings 7233:List of wind turbine manufacturers 6590: 5978:"Language selection | Energy" 5767:. 11 November 2021. Archived from 5751: 5723: 5684: 1729:As of the end of 2013, cumulative 1079:European Geothermal Energy Council 812:with 1.6% (up from 1.4% in 2016), 606: 448:Sustainable Energy Europe Campaign 14: 7383: 7323:List of geothermal power stations 7213:List of wind farms in New Zealand 6564:European Renewable Energy Council 6509: 6440:"Solar Thermal Markets in Europe" 6130:. Portugal.gov.pt. Archived from 4597: 4495: 4441: 4394:European Renewable Energy Council 1721:Solar power in the European Union 1247:Solar power in the European Union 937:) to require the installation of 574:mandatory renewable energy target 428:Specific EU renewable energy and 354:required Member States to submit 159:and in meeting targets to combat 7141:Lists of renewable energy topics 7093: 7084: 7083: 6648:Democratic Republic of the Congo 6557: 6542:at the local and regional level. 6153:Lima, Joao (23 September 2008). 5983:. 9 January 2012. Archived from 5442:. dnoticias.pt. 15 February 2018 4322: 4308: 4215: 4176: 4137: 4098: 4059: 4020: 3981: 3942: 3903: 3864: 3825: 3786: 3747: 3708: 3669: 3630: 3591: 3552: 3514: 3475: 3436: 3396: 3357: 3318: 3279: 3240: 3200: 3100: 3050: 2943: 2902: 2863: 2822: 2783: 2744: 2703: 2662: 2621: 2580: 2541: 2502: 2461: 2422: 2381: 2342: 2303: 2262: 2221: 2180: 2139: 2100: 2059: 2018: 1977: 1938: 1897: 1856: 1815: 1714: 1541: 1386:(CSP) is the ability to include 1170: 1135: 1031: 554:per year and 28.8 gigatonnes of 478: 243: 173: 88: 7262:List of photovoltaics companies 7193:List of wind farms in Australia 6456: 6432: 6427:Solar Thermal Markets in Europe 6420: 6399: 6366: 6287: 6268: 6249: 6228: 6207: 6195: 6169: 6146: 6120: 6088: 6066: 6044: 6018: 6003: 5994: 5970: 5940: 5914: 5901:"Wind energy in Europe in 2018" 5893: 5846: 5824: 5805: 5783: 5659: 5624: 5595: 5563: 5497: 5475: 5454: 5432: 5404: 5378: 5356: 5334: 5308: 5293: 5261: 5218: 5209: 5191: 5130:News Release, 10 February 2016. 5052: 5026: 4963: 4938: 4888: 4879: 4870: 4852: 4809: 4796: 4784: 4733: 4707: 4694: 4681: 4656: 4424:Transport in the European Union 4414:Renewable Energy Directive 2018 1240: 869:. It has a capacity of 400 KW. 7287:List of solar powered products 7252:Index of solar energy articles 7188:Lists of wind farms by country 6472:www.energies-renouvelables.org 4704:, SWP Research Paper 2014/RP03 4643: 4572: 4558: 4532: 4469: 423: 1: 7218:List of wind farms in Romania 6344:"Photovoltaic barometer 2015" 4540:"Renewable energy statistics" 4434: 4353:Economy of the European Union 1704:Installed wind power capacity 1698: 1690: 1589:in Europe - Energy Atlas 2018 1548:Green hydrogen § Economy 1497:Pelamis wave energy converter 1485: 1088: 1017: 1001:Biofuel in the European Union 895:technology and plan to reach 808:with 5.1% (same as in 2016), 746:Renewable energy in Lithuania 649:Natural Gas: 37.28 TWh (8.9%) 637:Brown Coal: 92.39 TWh (22.2%) 7223:List of wind farms in Sweden 7208:List of wind farms in Kosovo 7198:List of wind farms in Canada 6580:European Future Energy Forum 5834:. Eea.europa.eu. 8 June 2009 5066:. Carbon Pulse. 22 July 2015 4384:Eugene Green Energy Standard 1657: 1649: 1641: 1633: 1625: 1576: 966: 768:Renewable energy in Portugal 739: 643:Hard Coal: 45.14 TWh (10.8%) 7: 6551:All EurObserv'ER barometers 6350:. p. 8. Archived from 6283:– via Spiegel Online. 6264:– via Spiegel Online. 5576:. Ren21.net. Archived from 5033:Tara Patel (22 July 2015). 4301: 3135: 1770: 1737:and generated more than 80 1522:Funding for a wave farm in 1218:European Environment Agency 761: 693:Renewable energy in Germany 461:Intelligent Energy – Europe 10: 7388: 7203:List of wind farms in Iran 7158:List of onshore wind farms 6585:European Commission-Energy 6076:. Renewableenergyworld.com 5344:. Pordata. 31 January 2018 5199:"Sveiki atvykę į avei.lt!" 4566:"EU reaches 50% renewable" 4252: 3054: 2900: 2861: 2820: 2781: 2742: 2701: 2660: 2619: 2578: 2539: 2500: 2459: 2420: 2379: 2340: 2301: 2260: 2219: 2178: 2137: 2098: 2057: 2016: 1975: 1936: 1895: 1854: 1813: 1751: 1718: 1707: 1610:energy industry in the EU 1545: 1414: 1326: 1300: 1274: 1244: 1124: 1021: 998: 994: 975: 971: 945:Energy Community countries 891:lead Europe in the use of 876: 765: 743: 723: 690: 583: 568:Renewable energy in France 565: 504: 497: 207: 152:renewable energy directive 63: 49: 35: 7305: 7241: 7147: 7079: 7048: 7012: 6976: 6899: 6791: 6784: 6691: 6638: 6054:. ESTIF. 19 December 2008 6052:"Single News Item – News" 4292: 3157: 3154: 3149: 3142: 3128: 3034: 3031: 3028: 2982: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1607: 1600:renewable energy industry 1478:Worldwide usage was 88 GW 1461:strategic research agenda 1417:Solar heating and cooling 1411:Solar heating and cooling 1144:This section needs to be 899:generation in few years. 879:Renewable energy in Spain 726:Renewable energy in Italy 667:Biomass: 36.74 TWh (8.8%) 631:Nuclear: 28.62 TWh (6.9%) 561: 517:Croatia aims to reduce CO 203: 97:This article needs to be 5509:12 February 2009 at the 5466:17 February 2012 at the 5013:European Investment Bank 4771:European Investment Bank 4343:Climate change in Europe 1532:marine power in Scotland 1384:concentrated solar power 1370:Concentrated solar power 1252:Photovoltaic solar power 962:Renewable energy sources 872: 855:Central de Ondas do Pico 848:greenhouse gas emissions 840:greenhouse gas emissions 719: 661:Solar: 56.28 TWh (13.5%) 655:Wind: 106.12 TWh (25.5%) 544:European Investment Bank 133:greenhouse gas emissions 7282:List of solar car teams 6028:. ESTTP. Archived from 4316:Renewable energy portal 3158:Consumption 2007 (GWh) 3155:Consumption 2006 (GWh) 3152:Consumption 2005 (GWh) 3065:in the European Union ( 1725:Growth of photovoltaics 1593: 1085:in the European Union. 1006:fuel consisting of 10% 955:Decision 2012/03/MC-EnC 844:Serpa solar power plant 673:Hydro: 14.31 TWh (3.4%) 487:Wind power stations in 399:Links to climate policy 274: Combustible fuels 6521:Europe's Energy Portal 5148:www.ise.fraunhofer.de/ 5064:tax to €100/t by 2030" 4806:, SWP Research Paper 5 1608:Jobs by the renewable 1590: 1498: 1388:thermal energy storage 1379: 1343: 1122: 621: 593: 495: 442:The Covenant of Mayors 432:initiatives includes: 127:(EU) is driven by the 81: 6348:www.eurobserv-er.org/ 4802:Oliver Geden (2013), 4330:European Union portal 1584: 1496: 1377: 1262: 1096: 1022:Further information: 999:Further information: 976:Further information: 897:100% renewable energy 620: 591: 540:Primorje-Gorski Kotar 486: 380:Three Seas Initiative 21: 6236:"Jobs annual review" 6215:"Jobs annual review" 6108:on 28 September 2007 5483:"O que são: Oceanos" 4653:, as of January 2023 1710:Wind power in Europe 1671:In 2012, the use of 1506:Aguçadoura Wave Farm 1127:Wind power in Europe 352:Renewables Directive 344:Renewables Directive 6128:"Portal do Governo" 5795:European Commission 5771:on 11 November 2021 5671:energy.ec.europa.eu 5281:on 22 February 2014 5114:, 15 November 2021. 4990:. 10 November 2021. 4830:2010WIRCC...1..598R 4456:energy.ec.europa.eu 4360:ecolabel for energy 3073: 1585:6 advantages of an 1453:heating and cooling 1358:European Commission 910:Through the use of 857:, one of the first 370:In April 2024, the 324:Johannesburg Summit 222: 129:European Commission 6540:renewable energies 6481:on 6 November 2014 6183:. 20 February 2007 6134:on 7 December 2008 6032:on 20 January 2012 5990:on 9 January 2012. 5702:The New York Times 5536:on 30 October 2008 5420:. 15 February 2018 5417:Diário de Notícias 5321:Notícias ao Minuto 5177:Comuni Rinnovabili 4511:The New York Times 4404:Fraunhofer Society 3061: 1591: 1528:Scottish Executive 1499: 1380: 1344: 1279: <0.1, n/a 1182:. You can help by 1123: 1043:. You can help by 924:Castilla-La Mancha 622: 594: 496: 218: 82: 28:energy consumption 7359: 7358: 7107: 7106: 6972: 6971: 6536:energy efficiency 5820:on 27 March 2012. 5801:on 28 March 2009. 5652:978-92-79-77235-1 4912:on 21 August 2014 4299: 4298: 4295: 3133: 3132: 3039: 3038: 1662: 1661: 1587:energy transition 1342: 1341: 1220:report, entitled 1200: 1199: 1165: 1164: 1083:geothermal energy 1061: 1060: 1024:Geothermal energy 814:Geothermal energy 794:hydro electricity 430:energy efficiency 350:Article 4 of the 312:Maastricht Treaty 265: 264: 234: 233: 195: 194: 157:energy dependence 118: 117: 79: 78: 7379: 7134: 7127: 7120: 7111: 7110: 7097: 7087: 7086: 7030:French Polynesia 6789: 6788: 6625: 6618: 6611: 6602: 6601: 6503: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6480: 6474:. 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3206: 3204: 3203: 3140: 3139: 3105: 3104: 3074: 3060: 3035:Generation 2014 3032:Total 2014 (MW) 3029:Added 2014 (MW) 2948: 2947: 2907: 2906: 2868: 2867: 2827: 2826: 2788: 2787: 2749: 2748: 2708: 2707: 2667: 2666: 2626: 2625: 2585: 2584: 2546: 2545: 2507: 2506: 2466: 2465: 2427: 2426: 2386: 2385: 2347: 2346: 2308: 2307: 2267: 2266: 2226: 2225: 2185: 2184: 2144: 2143: 2105: 2104: 2064: 2063: 2023: 2022: 1982: 1981: 1943: 1942: 1902: 1901: 1861: 1860: 1820: 1819: 1766:Generation 2014 1763:Total 2014 (MW) 1760:Added 2014 (MW) 1749: 1748: 1605: 1604: 1336: 1330: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1304: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1271: 1195: 1192: 1174: 1167: 1160: 1157: 1151: 1139: 1138: 1131: 1119: 1113: 1107: 1101: 1081:(EGEC) promotes 1056: 1053: 1035: 1028: 893:renewable energy 889:regions of Spain 672: 666: 660: 654: 648: 642: 636: 630: 609: 316:Amsterdam Treaty 305: 303: 299: 297: 293: 291: 287: 285: 281: 279: 275: 273: 247: 246: 239: 223: 177: 176: 169: 137:renewable energy 123:progress in the 121:Renewable energy 113: 110: 104: 92: 91: 84: 73: 67: 59: 53: 45: 39: 33: 32: 24:renewable energy 7387: 7386: 7382: 7381: 7380: 7378: 7377: 7376: 7362: 7361: 7360: 7355: 7301: 7237: 7143: 7138: 7108: 7103: 7075: 7044: 7008: 6968: 6895: 6780: 6687: 6634: 6629: 6593: 6591:Further reading 6560: 6512: 6507: 6506: 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6467: 6461: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6433: 6425: 6421: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6340: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6323:on 25 June 2014 6320: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6300: 6296:EWEA March 2014 6292: 6288: 6273: 6269: 6254: 6250: 6238: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6208: 6200: 6196: 6186: 6184: 6175: 6174: 6170: 6160: 6158: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6098: 6094: 6093: 6089: 6079: 6077: 6072: 6071: 6067: 6057: 6055: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6035: 6033: 6024: 6023: 6019: 6008: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5987: 5980: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5961: 5959: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5931: 5929: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5903: 5899: 5898: 5894: 5882: 5878: 5877: 5873: 5863: 5861: 5860:on 26 July 2009 5852: 5851: 5847: 5837: 5835: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5810: 5806: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5760: 5759: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5732: 5731: 5724: 5714: 5712: 5694: 5685: 5675: 5673: 5665: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5629: 5625: 5615: 5613: 5605: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5583:on 18 July 2011 5580: 5573: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5547: 5546: 5539: 5537: 5533: 5526: 5524:"Archived copy" 5522: 5521: 5517: 5511:Wayback Machine 5502: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5481: 5480: 5476: 5468:Wayback Machine 5459: 5455: 5445: 5443: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5423: 5421: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5392:on 23 June 2021 5384: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5347: 5345: 5340: 5339: 5335: 5325: 5323: 5313: 5309: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5278: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5250: 5240: 5236: 5228: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5214: 5210: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5182: 5180: 5171: 5170: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5134: 5122: 5118: 5107: 5103: 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728: 722: 708:(see pie-chart) 695: 689: 688: 687: 680: 679: 678: 677: 676: 670: 664: 658: 652: 646: 640: 634: 628: 624: 623: 619: 607: 601: 586: 570: 564: 551: 520: 507: 502: 481: 426: 401: 340: 308: 307: 306: 301: 300: 295: 294: 289: 288: 283: 282: 277: 276: 271: 270: 269: 266: 261: 248: 244: 230: 228: 216: 206: 201: 200: 199: 196: 191: 178: 174: 114: 108: 105: 102: 93: 89: 80: 75: 71: 69: 65: 61: 57: 55: 51: 47: 43: 41: 37: 26:in gross final 12: 11: 5: 7385: 7375: 7374: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7320: 7315: 7309: 7307: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7248: 7246: 7239: 7238: 7236: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7154: 7152: 7145: 7144: 7137: 7136: 7129: 7122: 7114: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7091: 7080: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7046: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7006: 7001: 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3779: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3755:Czech Republic 3744: 3740: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3666: 3662: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3588: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3577: 3574: 3571: 3568: 3565: 3562: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3511: 3507: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3393: 3389: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3365:United Kingdom 3354: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 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1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1893: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1779: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1739:terawatt-hours 1716: 1713: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1692: 1689: 1685:heavy industry 1660: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1595: 1592: 1578: 1575: 1546:Main article: 1543: 1540: 1487: 1484: 1479: 1415:Main article: 1412: 1409: 1371: 1368: 1340: 1339: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1319: 1313: 1307: 1301: 1299: 1293: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1253: 1250: 1245:Main article: 1242: 1239: 1230: 1198: 1197: 1177: 1175: 1163: 1162: 1143: 1141: 1134: 1125:Main article: 1120: < 10% 1116: 1110: 1104: 1102: > 40% 1098: 1090: 1087: 1059: 1058: 1038: 1036: 1019: 1016: 996: 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1732: 1726: 1722: 1715:Photovoltaics 1711: 1696: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1681:power outages 1678: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1654: 1653: 1646: 1645: 1638: 1637: 1630: 1629: 1622: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1588: 1583: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1549: 1542:Hydrogen fuel 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1514:Pelamis P-750 1511: 1507: 1503: 1495: 1491: 1483: 1477: 1473: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1426: 1424: 1423:water heating 1418: 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1395: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1376: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1348: 1337: 450–600 1331: 300-450 1323: 200-300 1317: 150-200 1311: 100-150 1273: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1257: 1248: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1194: 1185: 1181: 1178:This section 1176: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1159: 1147: 1142: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1095: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1055: 1046: 1042: 1039:This section 1037: 1034: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1015: 1011: 1009: 1002: 992: 988: 986: 979: 959: 956: 951: 942: 940: 936: 932: 927: 925: 921: 913: 912:nuclear power 908: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 885: 880: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 786: 783: 776: 775:energy policy 769: 759: 755: 753: 747: 737: 735: 731: 727: 717: 715: 711: 709: 704: 703:net generated 699: 694: 685: 684:net generated 682:About 51% of 669: 663: 657: 651: 645: 639: 633: 627: 626: 590: 581: 577: 575: 569: 559: 557: 553: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 523: 515: 512: 501: 494: 490: 485: 479:Member states 474: 471: 468: 465: 462: 459: 457: 454: 451: 449: 446: 443: 440: 438: 435: 434: 433: 431: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 396: 392: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 368: 364: 360: 357: 353: 348: 345: 342:In 2009, the 335: 331: 329: 325: 320: 317: 313: 280: Nuclear 259: 258:MediaWiki.org 255: 250: 241: 240: 225: 224: 221: 215: 211: 189: 188:MediaWiki.org 185: 180: 171: 170: 164: 162: 158: 153: 148: 144: 140: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 112: 109:February 2024 100: 95: 86: 85: 74: >50% 34: 29: 25: 20: 16: 7025:Cook Islands 6792: 6683:South Africa 6495: 6483:. 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Retrieved 4455: 4429:EurObserv'ER 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 3045: 3041: 3040: 1728: 1694: 1673:intermittent 1670: 1663: 1597: 1558:HyFLEET:CUTE 1551: 1519: 1518: 1501: 1500: 1489: 1475: 1474: 1466: 1465: 1448: 1447: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1427: 1420: 1400: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1381: 1363: 1362: 1353: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1305: 50-100 1263:European PV 1255: 1241:Solar energy 1235: 1221: 1215: 1204: 1201: 1188: 1184:adding to it 1179: 1153: 1145: 1114: 10-20% 1108: 20-30% 1077: 1069:volcanic mud 1062: 1049: 1045:adding to it 1040: 1012: 1004: 989: 981: 952: 948: 931:photovoltaic 928: 909: 886: 882: 852: 830: 787: 784: 771: 756: 749: 734:Solar energy 732: 729: 712: 707: 700: 696: 578: 571: 524: 516: 508: 427: 402: 393: 388:solar energy 369: 365: 361: 349: 341: 332: 321: 309: 219: 149: 145: 141: 120: 119: 106: 98: 68: 40–50% 60: 30–40% 54: 20–30% 46: 10–20% 15: 7306:Other lists 7243:Solar power 7035:New Zealand 6942:Switzerland 6871:Netherlands 6761:Philippines 6701:Afghanistan 6597:p. 125 6576:(FEDARENE). 6532:ManagEnergy 6485:25 November 6281:Der Spiegel 6262:Der Spiegel 6157:. Bloomberg 5908:Wind Europe 5880:"Factsheet" 5765:Environment 5489:16 February 5446:16 February 5424:16 February 5396:16 February 5370:16 February 5348:16 February 5326:16 February 5285:12 February 5203:www.avei.lt 5018:28 February 4589:22 February 4461:22 February 3911:Netherlands 3191:Bioethanol 2587:Netherlands 2508:Luxembourg 1677:Der Spiegel 1443:White Paper 1297: 10-50 1285: 0.1-1 1191:August 2018 1156:August 2018 985:pellet fuel 920:Extremadura 918:emissions: 863:Pico Island 810:Solar power 802:Hydro power 556:electricity 498:Main page: 456:ManagEnergy 424:Initiatives 304: Other 298: Hydro 286: Solar 254:Phabricator 184:Phabricator 6989:Costa Rica 6861:Luxembourg 6736:Kazakhstan 6706:Bangladesh 6678:Seychelles 5571:"Layout 1" 5471:ww1.rtp.pt 4946:"Naslovna" 4725:18 January 4435:References 3716:Luxembourg 3188:Biodiesel 3181:Bioethanol 1719:See also: 1708:See also: 1699:Statistics 1691:Fuel costs 1618:Employees 1573:projects. 1486:Wave power 1445:in 1997). 1291: 1-10 1265:deployment 1211:wind power 1089:Wind power 1073:Larderello 1065:boric acid 1052:March 2009 1018:Geothermal 859:Wave power 826:geothermal 818:Wave power 798:Wind power 558:per year. 328:Rio Summit 292: Wind 208:See also: 7149:Wind farm 7056:Argentina 7020:Australia 6856:Lithuania 6756:Palestine 6731:Indonesia 6222:irena.org 6204:EREC 2010 5710:0362-4331 5676:30 August 5667:"Biomass" 5540:4 October 5253:11 August 5154:5 January 4916:7 October 4846:140660305 4649:Eurostat 4550:31 August 4519:0362-4331 4358:EKOenergy 3677:Lithuania 3176:Biodiesel 3129:Sources: 3106:EU total 3009:Capacity 2996:Capacity 2975:91,319.8 2969:86,673.9 2966:86,506.8 2789:Slovenia 2750:Slovakia 2468:Lithuania 1794:Capacity 1781:Capacity 1735:gigawatts 1577:Economics 1439:Austrians 1405:Gemasolar 1227:gigawatts 1207:megawatts 1075:, Italy. 967:Bioenergy 953:With the 941:systems. 865:, in the 853:In 1999, 806:Bioenergy 752:Lithuania 740:Lithuania 701:In 2016, 552:emissions 406:committed 40: n/a 22:Share of 7366:Category 7089:Category 7071:Colombia 6994:Honduras 6962:Scotland 6881:Portugal 6771:Thailand 6751:Pakistan 6741:Malaysia 6658:Ethiopia 6448:22 April 6412:22 April 6391:22 April 6314:epia.org 6181:BBC News 6161:24 April 6138:24 April 6112:22 April 6080:24 April 6058:24 April 6036:24 April 5932:19 March 5864:24 April 5838:24 April 5587:24 April 5550:cite web 5507:Archived 5464:Archived 5183:13 March 5128:Eurostat 5094:22 April 4955:22 April 4926:cite web 4751:12 April 4668:Eurostat 4618:22 April 4348:Desertec 4302:See also 3833:Slovakia 3794:Slovenia 3522:Bulgaria 3444:Portugal 3166:Country 3144:Biofuels 3136:Biofuels 3012:Watt per 2983:Country 2978:– 2960:6,883.3 2957:6,878.4 2937:– 2919:2,448.0 2896:– 2857:– 2816:– 2777:– 2738:– 2697:– 2669:Portugal 2656:– 2615:– 2574:– 2535:– 2496:– 2478:– 2455:– 2437:– 2416:– 2413:23,299.0 2407:18,450.0 2404:18,437.0 2375:– 2348:Ireland 2336:– 2309:Hungary 2297:– 2256:– 2253:34,930.0 2247:38,301.0 2244:38,236.0 2238:1,899.0 2215:– 2174:– 2156:– 2133:– 2115:– 2106:Estonia 2094:– 2053:– 2035:– 2012:– 1971:– 1944:Croatia 1932:– 1904:Bulgaria 1891:– 1850:– 1797:Watt per 1757:Country 1731:capacity 1658:550,000 1650:400,000 1642:360,000 1634:300,000 1626:230,000 1524:Scotland 832:Portugal 762:Portugal 493:Slovakia 467:U4energy 452:CONCERTO 437:BUILD UP 7013:Oceania 6952:Ukraine 6922:Iceland 6917:Belarus 6912:Armenia 6907:Albania 6846:Ireland 6841:Hungary 6831:Germany 6821:Finland 6816:Denmark 6801:Austria 6776:Vietnam 6673:Nigeria 6668:Morocco 6327:12 June 6245:. 2016. 6224:. 2018. 5775:30 June 5743:30 June 5485:. APREN 5366:. APREN 5070:23 July 5044:23 July 4826:Bibcode 4776:30 July 4267:47,380 4184:Estonia 4106:Romania 4067:Finland 3989:Denmark 3950:Ireland 3872:Hungary 3599:Belgium 3287:Austria 3208:Germany 3070:thermal 3014:capita 2934:3,931.0 2928:5,230.3 2925:5,228.0 2916:2,448.0 2913:– 2869:Sweden 2854:8,211.0 2848:4,787.3 2845:4,761.8 2792:– 2753:– 2735:1,355.2 2729:1,292.6 2726:1,292.6 2723:– 2714:– 2710:Romania 2606:1,100.0 2603:1,095.0 2591:– 2559:– 2550:– 2520:– 2511:– 2475:– 2472:– 2440:– 2434:– 2431:– 2428:Latvia 2354:– 2351:– 2294:3,856.0 2288:2,602.8 2285:2,595.8 2273:– 2235:1,899.0 2232:– 2228:Germany 2212:5,500.0 2206:5,600.0 2203:5,589.2 2153:– 2150:– 2146:Finland 2121:– 2112:– 2109:– 2066:Denmark 2050:2,121.7 2044:2,061.0 2041:2,060.6 2032:– 2029:– 1929:1,244.5 1923:1,019.8 1920:1,019.7 1908:– 1888:2,768.0 1882:3,105.3 1879:3,105.2 1867:– 1863:Belgium 1826:– 1822:Austria 1799:capita 1480:thermal 1216:A 2009 1146:updated 1008:ethanol 995:Biofuel 978:Biomass 972:Biomass 905:Galicia 820:in the 584:Germany 511:Sibenik 505:Croatia 256:and on 186:and on 99:updated 7099:Portal 7061:Brazil 7040:Tuvalu 6999:Mexico 6984:Canada 6947:Turkey 6937:Russia 6932:Norway 6927:Kosovo 6891:Sweden 6876:Poland 6836:Greece 6826:France 6811:Cyprus 6785:Europe 6766:Taiwan 6716:Brunei 6711:Bhutan 6640:Africa 6534:, for 6187:22 May 6014:. 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