487:. Back at the airfield, rather than pay off the bet, a sulky Fonck badgered the Americans to change the terms of the bet so that whoever shot down the most Germans that day would win. Lingering fog kept Fonck grounded most of the day. It was well into the afternoon before it cleared enough for him to take off at 1500 hours. Between 1600 and 1605 hours, he shot down three enemy two-seater reconnaissance planes. A couple of hours later, he repeated the feat. Understanding the importance of reconnaissance planes, with their potential to direct intensive artillery fire onto French troops, Fonck concentrated his attention upon them; six shot down within a three-hour span proved it.
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533:, considered him a braggart and shameless self-promoter. Fonck may have resented the fact that Guynemer remained more popular in the French press even after he surpassed him in victories. Fonck also seemed to lack insight into the effect his personality had upon his image or career. However he and he alone carried the flag of the French Air Force at the victory parade on the Champs-Elysées.
626:, Fonck tried to convince Pétain not to attend. Initially Pétain appeared to heed Fonck's advice, but for some reason he eventually decided to disregard Fonck's warnings and met Hitler at Montoire on 24 October 1940. Fonck's loyalties were thus questioned by the Vichy regime, and he returned home to Paris, where he was eventually arrested by the
706:
Remarkable officer from every point of view; of admirable fighting ardor. Pilot of the highest order, for reconnaissance missions and artillery range intelligence, as well as for surveillance service that he completed many times despite very unfavorable atmospheric conditions. He demonstrated, during
694:
A fighting pilot of great value, combining outstanding bravery and exceptional qualities of skill and sang-froid. He came to pursuit aviation after 500 hours of flight on army corps aircraft and became, in a short time, one of the best French combat pilots. On 19, 20 and 21 August 1917, he shot down
682:
A pilot of remarkable bravery and skill, having already engaged in a great number of aerial combats. On 6 August 1916, he resolutely attacked two strongly armed enemy planes, took on one in pursuit, and by a series of bold and skillful maneuvers, forced it to land uninjured within our lines. He has
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Fonck got only better. Known for his clinical professionalism, he applied mathematical principles to combat flying, and his engineering knowledge regarding the capabilities of the aircraft he flew was unsurpassed by his fellow pilots. Fonck took few chances, patiently stalking his intended victims
217:
and, when all succeeding aerial conflicts of the 20th and 21st centuries are also considered, Fonck still holds the title of "all-time Allied Ace of Aces". He received confirmation for 75 victories (72 solo and three shared) out of 142 claims. Taking into account his probable claims, Fonck's final
524:
Yet for all his skill and success, Fonck never captured the hearts of the French public as
Guynemer had. Fonck was ascetic and withdrawn. Instead of drinking or socializing with the other pilots, he planned his flying missions and tactics, ironed his uniforms, and stayed physically fit through
711:
Twenty eight army citations ("palmes"), and one bronze regimental citation ("étoile de bronze") attached to his War Cross. Recipient of the rarer Médaille militaire, and
Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur for gallantry on the battle field ("faits de guerre") (to be distinguished from the Légion
517:'s 111 claimed victories. Unlike many leading French aces, Fonck's score contained only three shared victories. Also unlike most aces, he remained unwounded; indeed, only a single enemy bullet had ever hit his aircraft. He had also forgone the most hazardous air-to-air combat: he shot down no
493:
On 18 July 1918, he achieved another double, to bring his total to 53 and into a tie with
Guynemer. The following day, he shot down three more enemy aircraft and surpassed the score of the legendary Guynemer, who had remained the leading French ace despite his death on 11 September 1917.
288:, and by maneuvering over and around the reconnaissance plane, staying out of its fields of fire, forced it lower and lower until the German crew landed behind French lines. It was his first verified victory, though shared with his observer, Lieutenant Thiberge. It brought him the
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was sufficient. His preferred method of aerial combat was not to engage into dogfights, but to carry out surgically merciless executions. He was also reputed to be able to spot enemy observation aircraft from very far away, where most other pilots would have perceived nothing.
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region of north eastern France. Fonck left school when he was 13. Although he had been interested in aviation from his youth, he was rejected for the air service when conscripted on 22 August 1914. Instead, he underwent five months basic training for the role of
424:
engine first used in that model of SPAD fighter. It offset the now-hollow propeller shaft above the crankshaft axis, and the 37mm cannon was mounted in the V space between the two rows of cylinders. Fonck would later fly the highly successful
512:
To summarize, he claimed 56 victories during the whole of 1918, attaining a total of 36 kills before May 1918. His 1918 list by itself would have made him France's leading ace. By the end of the war, he had accounted for all but 36 of
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After the war, a French police inquiry about his supposed collaboration with the Vichy regime completely cleared Fonck. The conclusion was that his loyalty was proved by his close contacts with recognised resistance leaders such as
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On 14 September, he killed the pilot of a German observation plane and watched as the plane inverted and dropped the thrashing observer almost through the wing of Fonck's Spad. He even went to the extreme of tearing the
483:. Perturbed by Fonck's lectures on aerial success, the two Americans bet Fonck a bottle of champagne that one of them would shoot down an enemy plane before Fonck. Baylies took off despite hazy weather and shot down a
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On 25 May 1916 Fonck's observer was killed by an anti-aircraft shell burst, a fate that almost befell Fonck a few weeks later. Fonck claimed his first enemy aircraft in July 1916, but his victory was unconfirmed.
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He added four more victories in August, raising his total to 60. Then, on 26 September, he repeated his feat of knocking down six enemy airplanes in a day, although this time three of his six victories were over
529:. He seemed to overcompensate for his shyness by constantly mentioning his exploits. As a result, he seemed distant, arrogant, even abrasive. His comrades respected his skills, but even one of his few friends,
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On 15 February 1915 he was finally accepted into basic training to learn how to fly. He trained at St. Cyr and then at Le Crotoy on a Blériot
Penguin, a reduced-wingspan "flightless" version of the famous
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in 1948. The citation reads: "Mr. Fonck, René, a member of the fighting French forces without uniform, took part, in territory occupied by the enemy, to glorious fights for the liberation of the nation".
509:, then the leading Allied ace. On 30 October, he matched Bishop with three more victories. He shot down two more the following day, and another the day after that, finishing with 75 confirmed victories.
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the course of an uninterrupted series of aerial combats, an exceptional strength and will to win, which sets an example for the French chasse pilots of today. Has downed thirty six enemy planes.
357:, who had allegedly shot down Guynemer, and that Fonck had boasted of avenging the death of his "good friend". This story is put into question by German records, indicating that Wissemann of
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He added a double victory on 19 May and five more in June. By now, he was shooting doubles frequently, and with 49 on his score sheet, he was rapidly closing in on
Guynemer's record.
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out of the cockpit of that day's victim, his twelfth, so its readout would confirm his combat report. On 30 September, he and
Adjutant Dupre jointly shot down a German two-seater
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with deadly accuracy at close range, resulting in an astonishing economy of ammunition expended per kill. More often than not, a single burst of less than five rounds from his
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September and
October added four victories apiece to Fonck's score. Thus, by year's end, he had raised his tally to nineteen, was commissioned an officer, and had received the
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He did not add to his tally sheet until 19 January 1918, when he scored a double victory. February added another five, March seven more, and another three in April.
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in conjunction with his observer, Sergeant Huffer. By this time, Fonck had amassed over 500 hours flight time, an incredible amount in those early days of aviation.
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status by 13 May. He picked off another target on 12 June, then went on hiatus until 9 August. He scored twice more that month, on 21 and 22 August.
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his 8th, 9th and 10th enemy aircraft. He has already been cited seven times in orders, and has received the Médaille militaire for feats of war.
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Légion d'honneur chevaliership in 1917. He was raised to the grade of
Commander in 1921, and to the dignity of Grand Officer in 1936.
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He died of a stroke in his Paris apartment, Rue du Cirque, at the age of 59 and is buried in the cemetery of his native village of
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firing through the propeller boss. He is apparently credited with downing 11 German airplanes with this type of armament, called a
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announced that Fonck had recruited 200 French pilots to fight on the Nazi side. However, the truth was more complicated. Marshal
576:. On 21 September 1926, the aircraft crashed on takeoff when the landing gear collapsed, killing two of his three crew members.
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had been killed two days before in a different fight, in which he was flying a single-seater, probably against No. 56 Squadron.
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aircraft that gave the sensation of flying while still on the ground. He completed his pilot training in May 1915 and then flew
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602:. In January 1941, Fonck was made a member of the National Council of Vichy France. On 10 August 1940, Vichy Foreign Minister
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Then came a spectacular performance on 9 May. It was sparked by a disagreement between Fonck and two of his squadronmates,
1019:"René Fonck, L'As des l'As, L'homme", by Corinne Micelli & Bernard Palmieri, 2007, Editions Economica, Paris, France.
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in 1918 and later a
Commander of the Legion of Honor after the war, and raised again to the dignity of Grand Officer.
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Fonck eventually returned to military aviation and rose to
Inspector of French fighter forces from 1937 to 1939.
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article (no. 251, p. 15) showing Fonck with a German Cross emblem from what is allegedly his 60th victory
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323:, with its four escadrilles (or squadrons), was the world's first fighter wing. The then leading French ace,
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Fonck remained in Paris, but also frequently visited his native Lorraine, where he had business interests.
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Another success two days later and two on 5 October put his score at 69, very close to the 72 of Major
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1066:"The Construction of an Image in Aviation: the Case of René Fonck and the French Press (1917–1926)"
998:"The Construction of an Image in Aviation: the Case of René Fonck and the French Press (1917–1926)"
209:(27 March 1894 – 18 June 1953) was a French aviator who ended the First World War as the top
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669:"I prefer to fly alone... when alone, I perform those little coups of audacity which amuse me..."
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735:, the World War II "Allied Ace of Aces" with 62 aerial victories over opposing aircraft
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Fonck returned to civilian life after World War I, and published his war memoirs
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Fonck, like France's leading ace, Captain Guynemer, flew a limited-production
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tally could conceivably be nearer 100 or above. He was made an Officer of the
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Fonck was assigned to another escadrille in the group, Spa 103. Flying the
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to clear the 37mm cannon mounted in the "vee" between the cylinder banks.
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magazine article (no. 241, p. 7) showing Fonck carrying a standard
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http://www.net1901.org/association/ASSOCIATION-RENE-FONCK,535726.html
666:"I put my bullets into the target as if I placed them there by hand."
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Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
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wished to exploit Fonck's relationship with Göring in order to meet
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His inter-war contact with the likes of former World War I foe
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763:'Over the Front', N. Franks & F. Bailey, Grub Street, 1992
416:. This was made possible by the gear-reduction version of the
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6787/16 of FA 18. The news reported the killed pilot to be
311:"), Fonck received a coveted invitation to join the famous
243:; his training duties included first digging trenches near
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On 17 March 1917, Fonck scored a second time, downing an
799:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. p. 205.
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fighter, distinguished by the presence of a hand-loaded
885:'Above the Lines', Franks, Bailey & Guest page 232
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René Fonck, As des as et pilote de la Grande Guerre
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René Fonck, As des As et pilote de la Grande Guerre
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The first air campaign, August 1914 – November 1918
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Victoires confirmées et probables du Ltt René FONCK
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List of people on the cover of Time Magazine: 1920s
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618:Fonck to talk to Göring. A meeting was planned at
230:Fonck was born on 27 March 1894 in the village of
1157:. Paris, France: Éditions Audie-Fluide Glaciale.
1153:Le Chien, Monsieur and Connard, L'Odieux (2021).
865:. Aviation Elite Units No.18. Osprey Publishing.
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594:cast a shadow upon Fonck's reputation during the
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334:, he quickly made a name for himself, attaining
1240:Members of the National Council of Vichy France
1185:http://www.wwiaviation.com/aces/ace_Fonck.shtml
1136:, N. Franks & F. Bailey, Grub Street, 1992.
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19:"Fonck" redirects here. For other people, see
1285:Recipients of the Distinguished Conduct Medal
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1115:Micelli, Corinne; Palmieri, Bernard (2007).
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702:One of the most decorated French war heroes:
712:d'Honneur widely attributed to civilians).
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1225:Democratic Republican Alliance politicians
1190:http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/fonck.htm
1180:http://www.acepilots.com/wwi/fr_fonck.html
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580:won the prize seven months later in 1927.
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379:A geared-output shaft HS.8C engine for a
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1041:Fonck, Rene Mes Combats 1920, in French
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715:Rene Fonck was also awarded the British
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1280:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
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1142:Jon Guttman. Osprey Publishing, 2002.
173:Grand Officier of the Légion d'honneur
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848:"René Fonck - Top French Ace of WW1"
392:from higher altitudes. He then used
26:For the Luxembourgian canoeist, see
1048:L'Aviation et la sécurité française
863:Groupe de Combat 12, 'Les Cigognes'
793:Lawson, Eric; Lawson, Jane (1996).
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642:during the war. He was awarded the
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1140:SPAD XII/XIII Aces of World War I.
687:Médaille militaire citation, 1916
564:During the 1920s, Fonck persuaded
284:On 6 August, he attacked a German
247:, and later bridge repairs on the
14:
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861:Guttman, Jon (11 November 2004).
1275:Recipients of the Military Medal
1270:Recipients of the Military Cross
1250:20th-century French male writers
1235:Members of Parliament for Vosges
1117:René Fonck: l'As des As, l'homme
973:. 23 August 1926. Archived from
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1245:French male non-fiction writers
1220:People from Vosges (department)
1155:Le Petit théâtre des opérations
959:
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739:List of World War I flying aces
1265:French World War I flying aces
1255:20th-century French memoirists
1098:Baron rouge et cigogne blanche
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1175:https://www.as14-18.net/Fonck
1100:. Paris: Presses de la cité.
1081:. Toulouse: Éditions Privat.
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225:
16:French World War I flying ace
1096:de Gmeline, Patrick (2011).
828:, Editions Privat, Toulouse.
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307:Aged 23, on 15 April 1917 ("
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7:
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721:Distinguished Conduct Medal
683:been cited in orders twice.
596:German occupation of France
190:Distinguished Conduct Medal
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1059:. New York: Ace Books Inc.
464:A September 1918 magazine
273:observation aircraft with
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1077:Accoulon, Damien (2018).
1064:Accoulon, Damien (2019).
996:Accoulon, Damien (2019).
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644:Certificate of Resistance
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1119:. Paris: ISC-Economica.
956:Guttman, 2002. pp 16, 20
824:Damien Accoulon (2018),
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255:Military aviation career
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383:, showing the elevated
314:Escadrille les Cigognes
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51:René Fonck wearing the
916:The Aerodrome (1997).
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127:Years of service
28:René Fonck (canoeist)
1055:Fonck, René (1967).
1046:Fonck, René (1924).
1037:. Paris: Flammarion.
1033:Fonck, René (1920).
519:observation balloons
507:William Avery Bishop
947:Guttman, 2002. p 19
938:Guttman, 2002. p 16
561:from 1919 to 1924.
545:Grave of René Fonck
410:37mm Puteaux cannon
398:Vickers machine gun
394:deflection shooting
320:Groupe de Combat 12
1050:. Paris: Brossard.
920:. Theaerodrome.com
678:Médaille militaire
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578:Charles Lindbergh
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774:
769:
760:
756:
745:
742:
740:
737:
734:
733:Ivan Kozhedub
731:
730:
724:
722:
718:
713:
708:
703:
700:
696:
691:
688:
684:
679:
668:
665:
664:
658:
656:
651:
648:
645:
641:
635:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
614:. He ordered
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
581:
579:
575:
571:
570:Sikorsky S-35
567:
566:Igor Sikorsky
562:
560:
556:
555:Marechal Foch
552:
543:
537:After the war
534:
532:
528:
522:
520:
516:
510:
508:
503:
501:
495:
491:
488:
486:
482:
481:Frank Baylies
478:
473:
467:
462:
455:
450:
444:
439:
430:
428:
423:
419:
418:Hispano-Suiza
415:
411:
407:
402:
399:
395:
386:
382:
377:
373:
371:
370:
364:
362:
361:
356:
353:
349:
345:
339:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
321:
316:
315:
310:
305:
303:
293:
291:
287:
286:Rumpler C.III
282:
278:
276:
272:
271:Caudron G III
268:
252:
250:
249:Moselle River
246:
242:
237:
233:
223:
221:
216:
212:
208:
205:
196:
191:
186:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:
139:
135:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
109:
105:
101:
97:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:27 March 1894
64:
60:
56:
55:
48:
43:
36:
33:
29:
22:
1154:
1139:
1133:
1116:
1097:
1078:
1069:
1056:
1047:
1034:
1001:
991:
979:. Retrieved
975:the original
970:
961:
952:
943:
934:
922:. Retrieved
918:"René Fonck"
881:
862:
856:
825:
795:
768:
759:
714:
710:
705:
701:
698:
693:
689:
686:
681:
677:
652:
649:
636:
624:Pierre Laval
612:Adolf Hitler
604:Pierre Laval
600:Vichy regime
585:
582:
574:Orteig Prize
563:
550:
548:
527:calisthenics
523:
511:
504:
500:Fokker D.VII
496:
492:
489:
474:
471:
465:
453:
452:A July 1918
414:moteur-canon
413:
403:
390:
367:
365:
358:
351:
348:Rumpler C.IV
340:
329:
318:
312:
309:Bloody April
306:
299:
283:
279:
274:
263:
229:
206:
202:
155:Battles/wars
91:(1953-06-18)
89:18 June 1953
52:
32:
1215:1953 deaths
1210:1894 births
1057:Ace of Aces
1035:Mes combats
924:21 November
551:Mes Combats
150:C47, Spa103
1204:Categories
1027:References
592:Ernst Udet
502:fighters.
381:SPAD S.XII
336:flying ace
275:Escadrille
267:Blériot XI
226:Early life
103:Allegiance
68:1894-03-27
674:Citations
466:Le Miroir
454:Le Miroir
443:Spad XIII
427:SPAD XIII
344:barograph
260:1915–1916
197:(Belgium)
132:1937–1940
130:1914–1918
1070:Nacelles
1002:Nacelles
981:14 April
727:See also
620:Montoire
406:SPAD XII
352:Leutnant
332:SPAD VII
302:Albatros
213:fighter
117:Infantry
111:Service/
98:, France
81:, France
628:Gestapo
616:Colonel
360:Jasta 3
234:in the
211:Entente
204:Colonel
141:Colonel
1161:
1146:
1123:
1104:
1085:
967:"S-35"
869:
803:
661:Quotes
559:Vosges
277:C 47.
245:Épinal
236:Vosges
169:Awards
113:branch
106:France
79:Vosges
751:Notes
96:Paris
1159:ISBN
1144:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1072:(5).
1039:See
1004:(5).
983:2007
971:Time
926:2011
867:ISBN
801:ISBN
590:and
479:and
433:1918
422:SOHC
296:1917
147:Unit
137:Rank
86:Died
62:Born
420:V8
215:ace
1206::
1068:.
1010:^
1000:.
969:.
890:^
833:^
815:^
779:^
723:.
657:.
634:.
521:.
372:.
317:.
251:.
119:,
77:,
1150:.
1129:.
1110:.
1091:.
985:.
928:.
875:.
850:.
809:.
70:)
66:(
30:.
23:.
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