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22:
421:
1412:
435:
409:) gives a general overview of the Jewish dietary laws. He writes "And if there are any reasons for the dietary laws which are unknown to us or those knowledgeable in the health field, do not wonder about them, for the true Healer that warns us against them is smarter than us, and smarter than the doctors."
148:
animal. With the feet of a cud-eater, the diet of a scavenger, the habits of a dirt-dweller and the cunning of a human, it exhibited an unsettling combination of characteristics, rendering it culturally inedible for some (but not all) southern
Levantine peoples, for whom pigs were often associated
391:
in the 12th century, understood the dietary laws chiefly as a means of keeping the body healthy. He argued that the meat of the forbidden animals, birds, and fish is unwholesome and indigestible. According to
Maimonides, at first glance, this does not apply to pork, which does not appear to be
248:
The only things which are made unlawful for you are the flesh of dead animals, blood, pork and that which is not consecrated with the Name of God. But in an emergency, without the intention of transgression and rebellion, (it is not an offense for one to consume such things). God is certainly
239:
He (Allah -God- ) has only forbidden to you dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah. But whoever is forced , neither desiring nor transgressing , there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is
Forgiving and Merciful. --
198:
Because Jewish dietary restrictions on pork were well-known to non-Jews, foreign attempts of oppression and assimilation of Jewish populations into
Hellenistic and Roman custom often involved attempting to force Jewish populations into consuming pork. According to
593:. Retrieved on 6 May, 2023. "Leviticus 11:7-8 states: 'The pig, though it has a split hoof completely divided, does not chew the cud; it is unclean for you. You must not eat their meat or touch their carcasses; they are unclean for you.'"
338:. Several writers who confirm that there was a prejudice against pork, or a superstitious attitude toward pigs, do not see it in terms of a taboo related to an ancient cult. Any prejudice is generally agreed to have disappeared by 1800.
590:
354:
thought that the main reason for prohibiting consumption of pork was ecological-economical. Pigs require water and shady woods with seeds, but those conditions are scarce in the Middle East. Unlike many other forms of
254:
I do not find in what has been revealed to me anything forbidden for anyone who wants to eat unless it is carrion, outpoured blood and the flesh of swine, all of which is unclean (Quran Al An'am 6:145)
927:
Redding, Richard W. (13 March 2015). "The Pig and the
Chicken in the Middle East: Modeling Human Subsistence Behavior in the Archaeological Record Using Historical and Animal Husbandry Data".
258:
There are different schools of thought in Islam that offer different opinions on eating meat other than pork, which is unanimously forbidden. Generally, so long as it was affirmed that no
929:
219:, some Alexandrian mobs also attempted to force Jews into consuming pork. Some forms of Jewish Christianity also adopted these restrictions on the consumption of pork, as is noted in the
398:(the primary Jewish commentator on the Bible and Talmud) lists the prohibition of pig as a law whose reason is not known, and may therefore be derided by others as making no sense.
745:
1025:
381:
It is speculated that chickens supplanted pigs as a more portable and efficient source of meat, and these practical concerns led to the religious restrictions.
761:
392:
harmful. Yet, Maimonides observes, the pig is a filthy animal, and if swine were used for food, marketplaces and even houses would be dirtier than latrines.
187:, Jewish abstinence from pork consumption became one of the most identifiable features of Jewish religion to outsiders of the faith. One example appears in
172:
that list the animals people are permitted to eat. According to
Leviticus 11:3, animals like cows, sheep, and deer that have divided hooves and chew their
316:
had a taboo against the pig, which was never offered in sacrifice, and apparently the
Scythians loathed so much as to even keep swine within their lands.
863:
1618:
274:
require that the meat be certified as Halal only by ensuring
Islamic slaughtering of the animals. Most South Asian Muslims follow that.
267:
207:
attempted to force Jews in his realm to consume pork as a part of his attempted restrictions on the practice of
Judaism. In addition,
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176:
may be consumed. Pigs should not be eaten because they do not chew their cud. The ban on the consumption of pork is repeated in
298:
799:
837:
629:
1482:
347:
876:
569:
Noted in
Bremmer 2004:538 and notes. Bremmer notes that the taboo regarding pork for followers of Attis is reported in
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729:
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547:
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123:
religion, most of its adherents do not follow these aspects of Mosaic law and do consume its meat. However,
1722:
607:
994:
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Locally-slaughtered meat in a country with a mixed population of Muslims, Christians, and idol-worshippers
645:
448:
49:
882:
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Slaughtering must be done by a sane adult Muslim. Animals slaughtered by a Non Muslim will not be Halal.
488:
323:
713:
1708:
774:
128:
127:
consider pork unclean according to biblical law, along with other foods forbidden by Jewish law. The
73:
913:
644:
Jordan Rosenblum. "‘‘Why Do You Refuse to Eat Pork?’’ Jews, Food, and Identity in Roman Palestine".
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1208:
685:
132:
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destroyed by a supernatural boar to account for the fact that "in consequence of these events the
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considers meat slaughtered by non-Muslims to be forbidden. Another school of thought such as the
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came in contact with the meat served in western countries (which are mostly governed by the
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Verse 174 of Chapter 2 (Al-Baqarah) in the Quran prohibiting "the blood and flesh of swine"
453:
301:, women, foreigners, and pork were not allowed in the sanctuary of the temple of the diety
524:, noted in Jan N. Bremmer, "Attis: A Greek God in Anatolian Pessinous and Catullan Rome",
8:
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Eating meat when it is uncertain whether it has been cooked with utensils used for pork
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387:, the Jewish philosopher, legal codifier, and court physician to the Muslim sultan
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1026:“Pork Consumption as an Identity Marker in Ancient Israel: The Textual Evidence,”
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society keeping large stocks of pigs could destroy their ecosystem.
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notes that they do indeed eat pork for followers of the Dea Syria (
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Restrictions on the consumption of pork for religious reasons
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68:, and the pig and its flesh represented a taboo observed,
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366:, eating virtually anything they come across, including
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with the underworld or malevolent supernatural powers.'
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657:
Holger Zellentin, The Qur'ans Legal Culture, pp. 82-89.
613:
416:
326:'s phrase for discussing an aversion to pork among
104:, eating pig flesh is clearly forbidden by Jewish (
341:
846:
1815:
812:Patricia Crone, "Pagan Arabs as God Fearers" in
1028:Journal for the Study of Judaism 53,4-5 (2022).
144:The pig tended to be regarded as a dangerously
1619:Butareba: The Story of a Man Turned into a Pig
800:"The Issue of Halal Meat (A Detailed Article)"
619:
1050:
620:Stavrakopoulou, Francesca (25 January 2022).
266:), then it is considered Halal. However, the
226:
139:Movement adherents also do not consume pork.
64:. Swine were prohibited in ancient Syria and
963:Maimonides, A Guide for the Perplexed III:48
730:Ruling on unknown meat from kaafir countries
604:Ethiopian Holy Week clashes with Christians'
334:, which he believed stemmed from an ancient
159:
80:, reported centuries later by the traveller
29:is considered an unclean animal as food in
1057:
1043:
1007:"Why Does the Bible Prohibit Eating Pork?"
215:against Jewish communities in the city of
1000:Laws of Judaism and Islam concerning food
825:
686:"The Quranic Arabic Corpus - Translation"
596:
591:Surprising things forbidden by the Bible
285:abstained from the consumption of pork.
249:All-forgiving and All-merciful. (16:115)
20:
1633:Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks
926:
1816:
861:
777:. Department of Halal Certification EU
1038:
1004:
829:The Landmark Herodotus: The Histories
832:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
13:
930:Journal of Archaeological Research
168:(Pentateuch) contains passages in
14:
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988:
1797:
1796:
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775:"Islamic Method of Slaughtering"
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419:
203:6:18-7:48, the Seleucid emperor
135:do not permit pork consumption.
1702:The Tale of Little Pig Robinson
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548:De abstinentia ab esu animalium
342:Interpretations of restrictions
268:Islamic Cultural Centre Ireland
231:One example of verses from the
154:Stavrakopoulou, Francesca,
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638:
580:
563:
554:
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507:
1:
716:. Retrieved on 5 April, 2022.
714:Meat from dubious restaurants
500:
370:and refuse, which was deemed
608:Trinidad and Tobago Guardian
119:Although Christianity is an
7:
764:Retrieved on 5 April, 2022.
748:Retrieved on 5 April, 2022.
732:Retrieved on 5 April, 2022.
520:, the 'Syrian goddess') in
449:Food and drink prohibitions
412:
112:) and Christian Adventist (
10:
1850:
981:Sefer HaChinuch Mitzvah 73
532:.5, (2004:534–573) p. 538.
491:– has a more complete list
489:Vegetarianism and religion
324:Donald Alexander Mackenzie
227:Prohibition in Islamic law
1792:
1761:
1709:The Tale of Pigling Bland
1463:
1419:
1408:
1138:
1072:
1005:Ruane, Nicole J. (n.d.).
943:10.1007/s10814-015-9083-2
826:Herodotus (2 June 2009).
160:Prohibition in Jewish law
129:Ethiopian Orthodox Church
1064:
668:"Surah Al-Baqarah - 173"
551:, late third century CE.
288:
211:records that during the
133:Eritrean Orthodox Church
100:do not touch pork". In
1769:List of individual pigs
1626:Fair, then Partly Piggy
1011:Oxford University Press
972:Rashi on Leviticus 18:4
862:Harris, Marvin (1987).
610:Retrieved 11 March 2012
242:Quran, Al-Baqarah 2:173
62:Christian denominations
1774:List of fictional pigs
1478:Flitch of bacon custom
1276:Religious restrictions
816:, Oxford 2017, pg. 152
624:. Knopf. p. 214.
348:cultural materialistic
256:
251:
245:
221:Didascalia Apostolorum
213:Alexandrian riots (38)
205:Antiochus IV Epiphanes
151:
125:Seventh-day Adventists
42:
1556:Babe: Pig in the City
1513:The Three Little Pigs
252:
246:
237:
142:
24:
1576:Empress of Blandings
871:. Touchstone Books.
852:Macaulay (1904:315).
454:Islamic dietary laws
235:on pig consumption:
1281:Scottish pork taboo
459:Jewish dietary laws
320:Scottish pork taboo
209:Philo of Alexandria
102:Abrahamic religions
1784:Pigasus (politics)
1646:Olivia (character)
1584:My Brother the Pig
888:on 26 January 2022
865:The Abominable Pig
814:Islam and its Past
514:Lucian of Samosata
405:(an early work of
264:People of the Book
43:
1811:
1810:
1723:Toot & Puddle
1716:This Little Piggy
1483:Floyd of Rosedale
1169:Intensive farming
839:978-1-4000-3114-6
631:978-0-525-52045-0
602:Charles Kong Soo
528:, Fourth Series,
374:. Furthermore, a
76:. A lost poem of
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116:) dietary laws.
86:etiological myth
74:Comana in Pontus
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1591:Charlotte's Web
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37:, and parts of
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937:(4): 325–368.
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802:. 26 May 2014.
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118:
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96:who inhabit
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39:Christianity
18:
1685:Porco Rosso
1671:Preston Pig
1563:Bad Piggies
1520:Animal Farm
1300:Boston butt
1016:24 February
910:|work=
484:Trichinosis
441:Food portal
359:, pigs are
332:Highlanders
297:during the
201:2 Maccabees
183:During the
178:Deuteronomy
78:Hermesianax
60:, and some
1818:Categories
1737:Wibbly Pig
1730:Huxley Pig
1696:Spider pig
1691:Spider-Ham
1488:Miss Piggy
1465:In culture
1377:Other uses
1360:Pork steak
1350:Spare ribs
1340:Tenderloin
1320:Pork belly
1295:Back bacon
1112:Subfamily
892:28 January
781:8 February
695:20 October
501:References
479:Pig toilet
385:Maimonides
364:scavengers
361:omnivorous
260:impurities
217:Alexandria
72:noted, at
50:food taboo
1743:Zhu Bajie
1651:TV series
1612:Super Pig
1605:Peppa Pig
1526:Old Major
1502:Porky Pig
1450:Razorback
1433:Wild boar
1402:Truffling
1397:Wrestling
1355:Pork rind
1330:Pork jowl
1325:Pork chop
1261:Slaughter
1231:Capocollo
1204:Swineherd
1189:Hog oiler
1100:Suborder
951:144388956
912:ignored (
902:cite book
672:Quran.com
545:noted in
526:Mnemosyne
518:Atargatis
357:livestock
314:Scythians
310:Herodotus
195:5.4.1-2.
193:Histories
170:Leviticus
121:Abrahamic
98:Pessinous
94:Galatians
82:Pausanias
66:Phoenicia
1779:Piganino
1753:Pig City
1640:Kazoops!
1541:Squealer
1536:Snowball
1531:Napoleon
1438:Heraldry
1310:Ham hock
1266:Suckling
1226:Bondiola
1209:Feedback
1149:Breeding
1140:Domestic
1126:Species
1090:Mammalia
1084:Chordata
1078:Animalia
1076:Kingdom
413:See also
407:Halachah
131:and the
1443:Hunting
1382:Bladder
1305:Fatback
1256:Scalder
1216:As food
1179:Pannage
1163:Farming
1106:Family
1082:Phylum
389:Saladin
372:unclean
368:carrion
303:Melqart
283:Ishmael
279:Sozomen
189:Tacitus
146:liminal
106:kashrut
58:Muslims
31:Judaism
1801:
1678:Rasher
1507:Piglet
1387:Racing
1184:Toilet
1118:Genus
1114:Suinae
1108:Suidae
1094:Order
1088:Class
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571:Julian
474:Pigbel
464:Kosher
312:, the
180:14:8.
70:Strabo
52:among
1834:Taboo
1762:Other
1425:feral
1271:Blood
1221:Bacon
1155:Shows
1102:Suina
947:S2CID
886:(PDF)
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648:2010.
396:Rashi
336:taboo
328:Scots
289:Other
233:Quran
166:Torah
110:halal
90:Attis
48:is a
35:Islam
1824:Pork
1549:Babe
1423:and
1421:Wild
1370:Tail
1345:Ribs
1335:Loin
1289:Cuts
1246:Pork
1241:Lard
1066:Pigs
1018:2022
914:help
894:2016
873:ISBN
834:ISBN
783:2022
697:2019
626:ISBN
401:The
346:The
322:was
295:Tyre
164:The
54:Jews
46:Pork
33:and
25:The
1392:War
1365:Ear
1236:Ham
1174:Sty
1121:Sus
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293:In
174:cud
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