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states that there should be a presumption in favour of the conservation of designated historic assets, and that local authorities should assess whether an application for development outweighs the "disbenefits". It also recognises that there are many historic assets that are not currently designated,
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In
Scotland, the Inventory of historic battlefields was introduced in 2009 and is compiled by Historic Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Ministers. This is done under the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011, following on from the Scottish Historic Environment Policy (July 2009) with
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and put onto the
Register of Historic Battlefields under powers conferred under the Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act, 1983 (as amended). This legislation did not confer a specific responsibility to create a register of battlefields, (only a register for historic parks and gardens), but a
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In
Scotland, the criteria are similar but with the additional requirement that it must be possible to define the site on a modern map with a reasonable degree of accuracy. English Heritage is currently (May 2011) reviewing the criteria in the light of recent battlefield studies and developments in
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CB OBE. Even though there is no legal requirement for
English Heritage to be consulted over planning applications which affect registered battlefields although they must be considered by the local planning authority. Registration of battlefields means that any proposed development on the sites and
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has 17 sites on its
Inventory. The purpose of both the register and inventory is to offer them protection and to promote a better understanding of their significance. The location, brief historic details and designation for each registered battlefield in England can be searched using The National
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Some sites also receive protection under separate legislation, for example, the parts of the Battle of Maldon is part of the
Coastal Protection Belt, a Special Landscape Area and a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Battle of Evesham site is subject to local plan policies which constrain
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in the UK are battlefields recognised as having specific historic or cultural significance. They are recognised as such by conservationist organisations for a variety of reasons, including protecting them from development that may threaten historic buildings, items, or topography. The history
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relating to them is often hard to unravel, as there is often little to see above ground and the historical record is often biased in favour of the victors. The UK has many historic battlefield sites, some of which have legal protection through heritage protection legislation (as
1252:"Scottish Battlefields Trust the Scottish Battlefields Trust is a new independent trust, an advocate for Scotland's rich battlefield heritage. The Trust is open to all who wish to work towards the greater promotion, interpretation, and protection of Scottish battle sites"
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joint project between
English Heritage, the National Army Museum and the Battlefields Trust in 1995 created a register. In 2011 this registered was incorporated into the National Heritage List for England, administered by Historic England.
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Heritage List for
England. There are also details of sources, history and archaeological excavations for each site where available on the English Heritage website. Scottish historic battlefields can be searched online using PASTMAP .
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The legislation to protect historic battlefields is relatively recent, and arose following several key incidents involving important sites e.g. the discovery in 1997 of an unprotected mass grave of soldiers who fought at the 1461
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also compiles a non-statutory register of historic battlefields. The consultation period ends on 10 June 2011. There is currently no battlefield register or statutory protection for such sites in
Northern Ireland.
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and areas designated for local landscape value). More recently, some archaeologists prefer the term "site of conflict" to "battlefield", because of the difficulty in defining the geographical extent of a site.
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In
England, submissions are considered by English Heritage’s Battlefields Panel which is a non-executive specialist panel that advises the organisation on policy and practice. Members include archaeologist Dr
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Further research is carried out on the history and description of the site and put into an initial report using in consultation with the owner, local planning authority, the Battlefields Trust and applicant.
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survey identifies several sites that are "at risk" including the site of the Battle of Newburn Ford which has been subject to piecemeal, peripheral development and much of the site of the
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Although there are many historic battlefields in England only a few are considered to be important enough to be included in the register. The current criteria for designation are:
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and that despite that, they should still be a presumption in favour of conservation such that substantial harm to, or loss of, the battlefield should be "wholly exceptional".
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Unlike listed buildings, Registered battlefields in England are not graded according to their relative significance. This is also something that is under consideration.
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Documents and memorials that help with the understanding of the battle through eye-witness accounts or subsequent investigation will also raise the site’s significance.
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and English Heritage. An independent Scottish Battlefields Trust was established in 2015 to protect, promote and interpret the battlefield heritage of Scotland.
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It must have involved recognised military units and the area on which the forces formed up and fought must be capable of definition on the ground.
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In England, the Register of Historic Battlefields lists the sites of 43 of the most important military battles on English soil. It was set up by
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However, because there is often little to see above ground, sites are regularly threatened by new road and residential development. The 2010
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The UK Battlefields Trust claims that there are more than 500 historic battlefields and other fields of conflict in England up to the
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risings of the 18th century. It is gradually compiling a UK "Fields of Conflict" database in collaboration with Historic Scotland,
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An initial assessment is carried out by English Heritage/ or Historic Scotland to find out if meets the designation criteria.
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All the information and representations are considered, and English Heritage or Historic Scotland makes a decision.
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Surviving topographical and built features which played a part in the battle are important as is the potential for
67:. There are currently 17 battlefields on the Inventory. In Wales, the Welsh Ministers proposed in March 2011 that
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Battlefield sites in England are material considerations in the planning process and are designated by
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T Sutherland and M Holst "Battlefield Archaeology – a guide to the archaeology of Conflict" BAJR 2005
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Application online using a form on the Historic England web site or by contacting Historic Scotland
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The English Heritage Register of Historic Battlefields identifies 43 English battlefields, whilst
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866:"Consent For Registered Parks, Gardens & Battlefields"
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also applies to historic battlefield sites across the UK.
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and since the organisations split it has been managed by
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Lists of monuments and memorials in the United Kingdom
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National Heritage List for England: English Heritage
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908:"Minutes of English Heritage Battlefields Panel"
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758:"Heritage protection for the 21st century 2007"
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782:"Historic Buildings and Ancient Monuments Act"
620:Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland
491:(also known as the Battle of Red Bank) (1648)
1056:"Heritage at Risk:Battle of Stamford Bridge"
736:"Have your say on saving Welsh battlefields"
691:"Registered Battlefields | Historic England"
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1182:"Listing and Designation Application Form"
147:War cemeteries are designated separately.
1031:"Heritage at Risk:Battle of Newburn Ford"
31:, gardens and designed landscapes, or as
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887:"Planning for the Historic Environment"
122:development beyond its current extent.
97:further guidance issued in March 2011.
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803:"Scottish Historic Environment Policy"
115:Planning for the Historic Environment
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1303:Battlefields in the United Kingdom
1005:"Fight for England's battlefields"
665:"Fight for England's battlefields"
625:National Heritage List for England
65:Inventory of Historic Battlefields
57:National Heritage List for England
16:Protected historic sites in the UK
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184:Identification of battlefields
144:lies under modern development
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1161:"Battlefields panel meetings"
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230:English historic battlefields
206:List of historic battlefields
113:Planning Policy Statement 5
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131:Portable Antiquities Scheme
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1278:Pastmap: Historic Scotland
459:Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
980:"Battlefields Trust aims"
594:Battle of Bothwell Bridge
497:(1651) with Powick Bridge
447:Battle of Stamford Bridge
381:Battle of Neville's Cross
285:Battle of Cropredy Bridge
177:battlefield archaeology.
142:Battle of Stamford Bridge
1105:"Selecting battlefields"
261:Battle of Bosworth Field
151:Criteria for designation
1081:"Registered Cemeteries"
576:Battle of Killiecrankie
417:Battle of Roundway Down
399:Battle of Northallerton
321:Battle of Homildon Hill
267:Battle of Braddock Down
255:Battle of Boroughbridge
237:Battle of Adwalton Moor
167:battlefield archaeology
63:is responsible for the
20:Registered battlefields
1273:The Battlefields Trust
1133:"Criteria and grading"
695:historicengland.org.uk
570:Battle of Dupplin Moor
423:Battle of Rowton Heath
357:Battle of Marston Moor
327:Battle of Hopton Heath
309:Battle of Halidon Hill
125:Legislation regarding
1231:Uk Battlefields Trust
984:UK Battlefields Trust
606:Battle of Sheriffmuir
600:Battle of Bannockburn
588:Battle of Philiphaugh
582:Battle of Ancrum Moor
534:Battle of Prestonpans
453:Battle of Stoke Field
441:Battle of Solway Moss
405:Battle of Northampton
249:Battle of Blore Heath
41:National Scenic Areas
845:"Battlefields panel"
738:. Wales. 3 June 2011
471:Battle of Tewkesbury
435:Battle of Shrewsbury
955:"Battle of Evesham"
558:Battle of Glenshiel
495:Battle of Worcester
429:Battle of Sedgemoor
411:Battle of Otterburn
339:Battle of Lansdowne
273:Battle of Chalgrove
25:scheduled monuments
930:"Battle of Maldon"
715:"Battlefield FAQs"
552:Battle of Culloden
546:Battle of Auldearn
465:Battle of Stratton
369:Battle of Nantwich
333:Battle of Langport
315:Battle of Hastings
291:Battle of Edgehill
279:Battle of Cheriton
105:and Major General
33:conservation areas
1227:"UK Battlefields"
1109:Historic Scotland
824:"Managing Change"
564:Battle of Kilsyth
540:Battle of Falkirk
489:Battle of Winwick
483:Battle of Winceby
393:Battle of Newbury
387:Battle of Newburn
303:Battle of Flodden
297:Battle of Evesham
223:Historic Scotland
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477:Battle of Towton
375:Battle of Naseby
351:Battle of Maldon
243:Battle of Barnet
216:Leeds University
138:Heritage at Risk
90:Historic England
83:Battle of Towton
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700:2023-03-27
636:References
1009:BBC News
614:See also
212:Jacobite
129:and the
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