2389:
killing the king or queen. According to Poole (2000), the actions and utterances of
English figures such as Nicholson, Firth, Sutherland, Hadfield, Collins, Oxford, Francis and Bean, all of whom tried to get the monarch's attention for some matter, "point more often to physical remonstance after experiences of extreme frustration with an ineffectual petitioning process." Others who did try to kill the ruler did so not in order to replace the monarchy with a republic, but because they hoped that their successor would be a better ruler, and able to address certain issues which, in the would-be assassins' views, the current sovereign failed to properly act on. According to British radical orator
620:
1990:, regicide was far more common prior to 1200/1300. Sverre Bagge counts 20 cases of regicide between 1200 and 1800, which means that 6% of monarchs were killed by their subjects. He counts 94 cases of regicide between 600 and 1200, which means that 21.8% of monarchs were killed by their subjects. He argues that the most likely reasons for the decline in regicide is that clear rules of succession were established, which made it hard to remove rightful heirs to the throne, and only made it so that the nearest heir (and their backers) had a motive to kill the monarch.
2210:
1930:
3338:
34:
1854:
3326:
2195:, Charles asked "I would know by what power I am called hither. I would know by what authority, I mean lawful". In view of the historic issues involved, both sides based themselves on surprisingly technical legal grounds. Charles did not dispute that Parliament as a whole did have some judicial powers, but he maintained that the House of Commons on its own could not try anybody, and so he refused to plead. At that time under
2598:
3314:
2326:, who signed the order to the executioner of the king and commanded the guard around the scaffold and at the trial, was hanged. Concern amongst the royal ministers over the negative impact on popular sentiment of these public tortures and executions led to jail sentences being substituted for the remaining regicides.
2135:
and attempted in secret to raise an army to fight against them. It became obvious to the leaders of the
Parliamentarians that they could not negotiate a settlement with him and they could not trust him to refrain from raising an army against them; they reluctantly came to the conclusion that he would
2468:
from the 16th to 18th centuryâ the
Republican forces of Benito Juarez, with aid from the U.S. and sabotage by Colonel Miguel LĂłpez, captured and executed him on 19 June 1867. Emperor Maximilian's last words were ââŠMay my blood which is about to be spilled end the bloodshed which has been experienced
2226:
to an outdoor scaffold where he would be beheaded. He forgave those who had passed sentence on him and gave instructions to his enemies that they should learn to "know their duty to God, the King â that is, my successors â and the people". He then gave a brief speech outlining his unchanged views of
2679:
He was first tortured with red-hot pincers; his hand, holding the knife used in the attempted murder, was burnt using sulphur; molten wax, lead, and boiling oil were poured into his wounds. Horses were then harnessed to his arms and legs for his dismemberment. Damiens' joints would not break; after
2628:
The biblical David refused to harm King Saul, because he was the Lord's anointed, even though Saul was seeking his life; and when Saul eventually was killed in battle and a person reported to David that he helped kill Saul, David put the man to death, even though Saul had been his enemy, because he
2440:
was first exiled and on 11 May 1823, the ex-emperor boarded the
British ship Rawlins en route to Livorno, Italy (then part of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany), accompanied by his wife, children, and some servants. After Conservative political factions in Mexico finally convinced Agustin I to return, and
2388:
Some people throughout in the 1760â1850 period in
England and Great Britain who have been suspected, arrested, and perhaps punished for trying to lethally harm the reigning monarch, which has sometimes been understood to be attempted "regicide", do not appear to have had the intention of actually
2217:
On the day of his execution, 30 January 1649, Charles dressed in two shirts so that he would not shiver from the cold, lest it be said that he was shivering from fear. His execution was delayed by several hours so that the House of
Commons could pass an emergency bill to make it an offence to
2230:
One week later, the Rump, sitting in the House of
Commons, passed a bill abolishing the monarchy. Ardent Royalists refused to accept it on the basis that there could never be a vacancy of the Crown. Others refused because, as the bill had not passed the
2441:
unaware of the consequences of a law aimed solely at him, he was taken prisoner by a general he had himself pardoned as emperor. He was executed by firing squad on 19 July 1824. The aftermath of his execution was met with indignation by
2680:
some hours, representatives of the
Parlement ordered the executioner and his aides to cut Damiens' joints. Damiens was then dismembered, to the applause of the crowd. His trunk, apparently still living, was then burnt at the stake.
1997:, and the killing of rulers also directly resulted in a more likely loss of territory. And secondly, state capacity, reflected by territorial state capacity, could be hypothesized to have had a restraining effect on interpersonal
3330:
2624:
to have a divinely anointed authority to rule. As such, an attack on a king by one of his own subjects was taken to amount to a direct challenge to the monarch, to his divine right to rule, and thus to God's will.
2445:. The sentiment of those horrified by the execution was compiled by novelist Enrique de OlavarrĂa y Ferrari in "El cadalso de Padilla:" "Done is the dark crime, for which we will doubtlessly be called
2641:'s Life of St Columba, Ăed Dub mac Suibni received God's punishment for this crime by being impaled by a treacherous spear many years later and then falling from his ship into a lake and drowning.
1993:
There is evidence that regicide and the ability of states to keep or even expand their territories are negative correlated: Firstly, elite violence hindered the development of territorial
2199:, if a prisoner refused to plead, they would be treated identically to one who had pleaded guilty. This has since changed; a refusal to plead is now interpreted as a not-guilty plea.
2258:, giving a general pardon to those who had committed crimes during the civil war and interregnum, but the regicides were among those excluded from it. A number fled. Some, such as
2659:, the judicial penalty for regicides (i.e. those who had murdered, or attempted to murder, the king) was especially hard, even in regard to the harsh judicial practices of pre-
2218:
proclaim a new King, and to declare the representatives of the people, the House of
Commons, as the source of all just power. Charles was then escorted through a window of the
3218:
2227:
the relationship between the monarchy and the monarch's subjects, ending with the words "I am the martyr of the people". His head was severed from his body with one blow.
1105:
2417:), and stated: "Regicide is the right of all men who are debarred from any justice but that which they take into their own hands." He was executed by guillotine.
2629:
had raised his hands against the Lord's anointed. Christian concepts of the inviolability of the person of the monarch have great influence from this story.
2667:
so as to make him tell the names of his accomplices. However, the method of execution itself was a form of torture. Here is a description of the death of
2001:. This would be consistent with Pinker's (2011) view that modern state capacity leads to a reduction in violence, both interpersonal and in terms of
2114:
44:
2369:, were also hanged, drawn and quartered. The officers of the court that tried Charles I, those who prosecuted him, and those who signed his
2250:, thirty-one of the fifty-nine Commissioners who had signed the death warrant were living. Parliament, with the assent of the new king,
2736:, rather than as regicide, which lets one deduce that, through divine right, the king was also regarded as "Father of the country".
2702:
asserts that the punishment "should fit the crime", and should thus be proportionate and not extreme. This approach was spoofed by
3209:
2502:
3197:
1746:
2885:
Baten, Joerg; Keywood, Thomas; Wamser, Georg. "Territorial State
Capacity and Elite Violence from the 6th to the 19th century".
2077:, in 1587, although she had abdicated the Scottish crown some 20 years earlier. Elizabeth had originally been excommunicated by
2137:
1712:
2131:. The Parliamentarians attempted to negotiate a compromise with him, but he stuck steadfastly to his view that he was King by
3240:
3165:
3000:
2549:
1339:
1313:
2905:
1882:
2278:. Those regicides who could be found and arrested were put on trial. Six were found guilty and suffered the fate of being
2120:
1298:
898:
2761:
2544:
On 14 July 1958, at least four members of the ruling Hashemite family (including the King and the Crown Prince) of the
587:
2409:
by shooting him. At trial, Alibaud held the king responsible for the economic ruin of his family, compared himself to
1021:
3291:
3273:
2156:"in order to the bringing of him speedily to justice". In the middle of December, the King was moved from Windsor to
78:
2206:. To show their agreement with the sentence of death, all of the Commissioners who were present rose to their feet.
1933:
1753:
1344:
1140:
3297:
2699:
2694:
cites this case of Damiens the Regicide as an example of disproportionate punishment in the era preceding the "
2414:
2203:
2110:
1468:
1061:
689:
619:
2825:"The Decline of Regicide and the Rise of European Monarchy from the Carolingians to the Early Modern Period"
1180:
267:
2279:
2165:
1530:
319:
3282:
2337:, were conditionally pardoned, while a further 19 served life imprisonment. The bodies of the regicides
1914:. A regicide can also be the person responsible for the killing. The word comes from the Latin roots of
3318:
2255:
1702:
1525:
1334:
1214:
2668:
883:
3380:
2283:
1707:
1562:
1308:
968:
388:
20:
2824:
913:
1875:
1051:
1001:
808:
60:
1150:
2645:
2393:(1764â1834), regicide was simply a means of replacing an unacceptable monarch with a better one.
2287:
1424:
1031:
699:
3217:, Canberra: High Court of Australia (Anglo-Australian Lawyers' Association conference, London),
2580:
2514:
2513:, disenchanted politicians and anti-monarchists. The events occurred on 1 February 1908 at the
2457:
2377:
2275:
2106:
2070:
2030:
1957:
1795:
1542:
1303:
1110:
766:
580:
324:
289:
3205:
2686:
2630:
2613:
2453:
2342:
2295:
2251:
2246:
11 years later paved the way for the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. At the time of the
2177:
2132:
2038:
2034:
1628:
1572:
1204:
647:
237:
153:
2729:
2634:
2601:
1135:
923:
2963:, pp. 10, 13 footnotes 12 and 17. "The record of the Trial also appears in Cobbett's
2703:
2695:
2498:
2442:
2433:
2410:
2354:
2319:
2243:
2157:
2124:
2074:
2022:
1987:
1964:. The concept of regicide has also been explored in media and the arts through pieces like
1961:
1655:
1285:
1274:
1224:
1185:
1175:
383:
202:
3191:
2202:
Charles was found guilty on Saturday 27 January 1649, and his death warrant was signed by
1125:
1115:
933:
8:
2490:
2437:
2247:
2223:
2161:
2141:
2084:
2042:
2026:
1971:
1868:
1800:
1258:
1245:
1232:
756:
351:
138:
116:
3278:
2209:
2188:. However, the Parliamentary leaders and the Army pressed on with the trial regardless.
958:
908:
3365:
2852:
2672:
2605:
2539:
2153:
2018:
1953:
1945:
1820:
1697:
1638:
1567:
1365:
1352:
1326:
983:
828:
694:
368:
334:
329:
294:
242:
232:
158:
2579:. Bresci claimed he wanted to avenge the people killed in Milan in the course of the
2380:
in the Palace of Westminster, London, holds the original death warrant for Charles I.
2311:
3360:
3287:
3269:
3236:
3045:, p. 21 footnotes 12 and 35. "The record of the Trial also appears in Cobbett's
3020:. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: Harvard University Press. p. 88.
2996:
2856:
2844:
2755:
2750:
2660:
2461:
2426:
2370:
2350:
2330:
2094:
2002:
1825:
1810:
1729:
1419:
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1237:
1219:
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953:
938:
888:
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652:
604:
573:
197:
178:
173:
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2920:
2836:
2712:
My object all sublime, I shall achieve in time, to let the punishment fit the crime
2553:
2406:
2219:
2192:
1837:
1736:
1685:
1170:
1085:
781:
751:
704:
551:
536:
363:
148:
143:
128:
3342:
3157:
2872:
The Better Angels of our Nature: The Decline of Violence in History and its Causes
52:
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3230:
2990:
2691:
2638:
2545:
2486:
2479:
2338:
2303:
2259:
2169:
2066:
2054:
1858:
1429:
1357:
1321:
1253:
1160:
1155:
1100:
973:
948:
893:
299:
190:
185:
2644:
Even after the disappearance of the divine right of kings and the appearance of
2572:
2362:
2323:
2267:
2232:
2181:
2172:
passed a Bill setting up a High Court of Justice in order to try Charles I for
2145:
2014:
1994:
1941:
1667:
1589:
1095:
853:
776:
731:
284:
279:
257:
3211:
The trial of King Charles I â defining moment for our constitutional liberties
2758:
saw the overthrow of Charles I as a divine sign of the second coming of Jesus.
3354:
2848:
2766:
2745:
2506:
2402:
2390:
2314:
the King when he tried to speak in his own defence, an influential preacher,
2307:
2291:
2271:
2149:
2090:
2058:
1929:
1785:
1680:
1660:
1650:
1463:
988:
978:
918:
878:
873:
714:
509:
262:
227:
222:
168:
123:
56:
2510:
2366:
2346:
2263:
2236:
2185:
2173:
1645:
1520:
1485:
1269:
1090:
963:
928:
786:
404:
310:
274:
252:
133:
2840:
1579:
2795:
2518:
2401:
On 25 June 1836, a Frenchman named Alibaud attempted to assassinate the "
2315:
2299:
2196:
2191:
At his trial in the High Court of Justice on Saturday 20 January 1649 in
2078:
1975:
1815:
1780:
1552:
1510:
1456:
1414:
1384:
1209:
943:
823:
724:
556:
494:
437:
432:
217:
207:
3337:
3331:
Littell's Living Age/Volume 145/Issue 1872/The Regicides of this Century
2902:
The Life of Saint Francis of Assisi and a Sketch of the Franciscan Order
2053:
The word regicide seems to have come into popular use among continental
1853:
2789:
2771:
2707:
2334:
2062:
1672:
1623:
1547:
1041:
863:
791:
642:
514:
454:
449:
414:
409:
373:
2469:
in my new motherland. Long live Mexico! Long live its independence!".
1478:
2783:
2777:
2733:
2569:
2565:
2465:
2446:
2358:
2128:
1903:
1805:
1790:
1741:
1692:
1601:
1557:
1537:
1505:
1449:
1439:
1394:
1389:
1011:
818:
801:
771:
561:
524:
471:
466:
461:
444:
419:
378:
247:
163:
3232:
The politics of regicide in England, 1760â1850: Troublesome subjects
3049:, Vol IV, covering 1640â1649 published in London in 1809. p. 1132."
2967:, Vol IV, covering 1640â1649 published in London in 1809. p. 995".
1998:
1719:
1584:
1444:
813:
746:
611:
531:
519:
504:
478:
427:
212:
99:
3325:
2597:
2033:); Scottish kings had also died in battle against rebels (such as
2664:
2617:
2592:
2176:"in the name of the people of England." From a Royalist and post-
1966:
1911:
1899:
1832:
1724:
1633:
1515:
1473:
1434:
903:
761:
741:
709:
637:
546:
499:
2732:
and the Damiens cases, court papers refer to the offenders as a
2045:); but none of these deaths is usually referred to as regicide.
3313:
2656:
2649:
2522:
1907:
1763:
796:
106:
2648:, the term continued and continues to be used to describe the
43:
deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a
2576:
1949:
1768:
1758:
858:
719:
2612:
Regicide has particular resonance within the concept of the
2184:
refused to pass it and it predictably failed to receive the
2992:
Killers of the King: The Men Who Dared to Execute Charles I
2373:, have been known ever since the restoration as regicides.
1596:
2140:
broke off negotiations with the King. Two days later, the
2621:
358:
3147:
Adomnan of Iona. Life of St Columba. Penguin books, 1995
3068:
3066:
3064:
3018:
The English Atlantic in an Age of Revolution, 1640â1661
3102:
2509:
interests and aided by elements within the Portuguese
2353:, were disinterred and hanged, drawn and quartered in
2021:
kings had been murdered while imprisoned (for example
2029:) or killed in battle by their subjects (for example
3061:
2213:
A contemporary print depicting Charles I's beheading
2100:
2048:
3114:
3090:
3078:
1926:), meaning "of monarch" and "killer" respectively.
2970:
2136:have to be put to death. On 13 December 1648, the
3299:Act abolishing the Office of King, 17 March, 1649
3251:A Coffin for King Charles: The Trial of Charles I
3158:"The Mikado by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan"
2717:In common with earlier executions for regicides:
2663:France. As with many criminals, the regicide was
3352:
2633:, King of Tara (mentioned above), was killed by
2262:, fled to continental Europe, while others like
2115:High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I
2425:The separate 19th century executions of two of
2884:
2525:, commonly referred to by its antiquated name
2180:perspective, this Bill was not lawful, as the
3266:The Trial of Charles I: A Documentary History
2322:, were executed in a similar manner. Colonel
1952:, reflecting the historical precedent of the
1876:
581:
41:The examples and perspective in this article
3264:David Lagomarsino, Charles T. Wood (Editor)
3193:The opening speech of Charles I at his trial
2239:, it could not become an Act of Parliament.
3235:, Manchester: Manchester University Press,
3024:
2918:
2899:
2721:the hand that attempted the murder is burnt
2318:, and the leading prosecutor at the trial,
2082:
2499:King Carlos I of Portugal and the Algarves
1883:
1869:
588:
574:
3248:
2948:
2306:. The captain of the guard at the trial,
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
3036:
2596:
2208:
1928:
3132:
3015:
2988:
2464:, which had previously ruled Mexico as
3353:
3058:page 19 "History Today", February 2014
2989:Spencer, Charles (11 September 2014).
2869:
2608:, rue de la Ferronnerie in Paris, 1610
2548:were killed by revolutionaries of the
2148:voted that the King be moved from the
1314:Proclamation of the Republic in Brazil
3228:
3224:from the original on 12 February 2014
3204:
3120:
3108:
3096:
3084:
3072:
3042:
3030:
2976:
2960:
2944:
2921:"Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542â1567)"
2887:European Journal of Political Economy
2822:
2568:was assassinated by Italian-American
2503:LuĂs Filipe, Prince Royal of Portugal
2383:
2069:against the "crowned regicide" Queen
3033:, p. 21 § "After the trial" ¶ 4
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
27:
3168:from the original on 2 October 2017
3047:Complete Collection of State Trials
2965:Complete Collection of State Trials
2073:, forâamong other thingsâexecuting
1246:Establishment of the Dutch monarchy
13:
3258:
2762:Society of King Charles the Martyr
2575:on the evening of 29 July 1900 in
2550:Nationalist Officers' Organization
14:
3392:
3306:
2809:
2724:the regicide is dismembered alive
2452:Later, after the downfall of the
2429:were carried out by Republicans.
2357:. In 1662, three more regicides,
2101:Execution of Charles I of England
2049:Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots
3336:
3324:
3312:
3268:Pub: Dartmouth College, (1989),
3200:from the original on 10 May 2012
2478:This section is an excerpt from
1852:
1215:Foundation of the Ottoman Empire
618:
32:
16:Intentional killing of a monarch
3150:
3141:
3126:
3052:
3016:Pestana, Carla Gardina (2004).
3009:
2947:, p. 8 footnote 9, cites:
2919:Emma Goodey (3 February 2016).
2904:. New York: P. O'Shea. p.
2700:classical school of criminology
1934:The Execution of Lady Jane Grey
1898:is the purposeful killing of a
1345:Spanish transition to democracy
1022:Les Six livres de la RĂ©publique
2982:
2954:
2938:
2912:
2893:
2878:
2863:
2505:, by assassins sympathetic to
2111:List of regicides of Charles I
1062:Democracy: The God That Failed
1:
3341:The dictionary definition of
3286:, Pub: Random House, (2005),
3249:Wedgewood, C.V. (June 1964),
3184:
2900:da Magliano, Pamfilo (1867).
2620:were presumed by decision of
2586:
2432:After the abolishment of the
2413:(most well known amongst the
1910:and is often associated with
1340:Birth of the Italian Republic
3196:, The Constitution Society,
2829:FrĂŒhmittelalterliche Studien
2310:, who encouraged his men to
2152:, where he was prisoner, to
2089:, for converting England to
1944:tradition, it refers to the
7:
2739:
2497:) was the assassination of
2472:
2349:, which had been buried in
2280:hanged, drawn and quartered
1299:Austro-Hungarian Compromise
1225:Birth of the Dutch Republic
55:, discuss the issue on the
10:
3397:
2590:
2537:
2477:
2415:assassins of Julius Caesar
2256:Indemnity and Oblivion Act
2104:
2008:
1981:
1335:Siamese revolution of 1932
18:
3253:(First ed.), Penguin
3137:. Transaction Publishers.
2786:(killing of one's father)
2690:, the French philosopher
2646:constitutional monarchies
2456:, which saw the reign of
2420:
2396:
1309:5 October 1910 Revolution
1205:Birth of the Roman Empire
21:Regicide (disambiguation)
3133:Laqueur, Walter (1977).
2802:
2671:, who attempted to kill
2559:
2329:Some regicides, such as
2204:fifty-nine commissioners
2037:) or been assassinated (
1052:Considerations on France
2774:(killing one's brother)
2669:Robert-François Damiens
2533:
2517:along the banks of the
2501:and his heir-apparent,
2121:First English Civil War
1912:the usurpation of power
1668:Emperor system of Japan
405:Avunculicide/Nepoticide
3135:A History of Terrorism
2823:Bagge, Sverre (2019).
2792:(killing one's sister)
2780:(killing one's mother)
2682:
2609:
2581:Bava Beccaris massacre
2494:
2458:Maximilian I of Mexico
2378:Parliamentary Archives
2276:New Haven, Connecticut
2214:
2127:was a prisoner of the
2107:Execution of Charles I
2083:
1937:
1543:Enlightened absolutism
325:Voluntary manslaughter
290:Vehicle-ramming attack
3283:The Tyrannicide Brief
3229:Poole, Steve (2000),
2841:10.1515/fmst-2019-005
2798:(killing of a tyrant)
2687:Discipline and Punish
2677:
2637:in 565. According to
2631:Diarmait mac Cerbaill
2614:divine right of kings
2600:
2552:under the command of
2489:or Regicide of 1908 (
2454:Second Mexican Empire
2355:posthumous executions
2212:
1932:
648:Divine right of kings
343:Non-criminal homicide
238:Murder for body parts
154:Depraved-heart murder
3321:at Wikimedia Commons
2704:Gilbert and Sullivan
2434:First Mexican Empire
2411:Marcus Junius Brutus
2244:Declaration of Breda
2075:Mary, Queen of Scots
1988:Western Christianity
1962:Charles I of England
1286:Unification of Italy
1275:Second French Empire
384:Justifiable homicide
203:Lonely hearts killer
61:create a new article
53:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
3208:(22 January 1999),
2870:Pinker, S. (2011).
2224:Palace of Whitehall
2142:Council of Officers
2093:after the reign of
2085:Regnans in Excelsis
1859:Politics portal
1259:First French Empire
1233:Glorious Revolution
139:Consensual homicide
94:Part of a series on
3279:Geoffrey Robertson
2730:François Ravaillac
2635:Ăed Dub mac Suibni
2610:
2540:14 July Revolution
2384:Britain, 1760â1850
2215:
1948:of a king after a
1946:judicial execution
1938:
1698:List of monarchies
1499:Related ideologies
1366:Nepalese Civil War
1353:Iranian Revolution
1327:Russian Revolution
1322:Chinese Revolution
1304:German unification
369:Capital punishment
335:Vehicular homicide
330:Negligent homicide
295:Wrongful execution
233:Misdemeanor murder
159:Felony murder rule
3329:Works related to
3317:Media related to
3242:978-0-7190-5035-0
3111:, pp. 15â16.
3002:978-1-4088-5171-5
2995:. A&C Black.
2756:Fifth Monarchists
2751:List of regicides
2515:Praça do Comércio
2495:RegicĂdio de 1908
2462:House of Habsburg
2460:âa member of the
2443:Mexican royalists
2427:Mexico's emperors
2351:Westminster Abbey
2331:Richard Ingoldsby
2235:and did not have
2158:St James's Palace
2095:Mary I of England
2003:military conflict
1893:
1892:
1291:Meiji Restoration
1238:French Revolution
1220:Tsarist autocracy
1181:Popescu-TÄriceanu
680:Abdication system
658:Royal prerogative
653:Mandate of Heaven
598:
597:
389:"License to kill"
198:Internet homicide
179:Child cannibalism
174:Human cannibalism
89:
88:
81:
63:, as appropriate.
3388:
3381:Killings by type
3340:
3328:
3316:
3302:
3254:
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3006:
2986:
2980:
2974:
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2933:
2931:
2925:The Royal Family
2916:
2910:
2909:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2867:
2861:
2860:
2820:
2554:Abdul Salam Arif
2527:Terreiro do Paço
2407:Louis Philippe I
2220:Banqueting House
2193:Westminster Hall
2166:House of Commons
2138:House of Commons
2129:Parliamentarians
2088:
1936:Delaroche detail
1885:
1878:
1871:
1857:
1856:
1737:Philosopher king
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
969:Kuehnelt-Leddihn
705:Crowned republic
690:Chinese Legalist
629:Central concepts
622:
600:
599:
590:
583:
576:
552:Suspicious death
364:Assisted suicide
350:Note: Varies by
149:Crime of passion
144:Contract killing
129:Attempted murder
115:Note: Varies by
91:
90:
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
36:
35:
28:
3396:
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3259:Further reading
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2913:
2898:
2894:
2883:
2879:
2868:
2864:
2821:
2810:
2805:
2742:
2692:Michel Foucault
2639:Adomnan of Iona
2595:
2589:
2562:
2546:Kingdom of Iraq
2542:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2487:Lisbon Regicide
2483:
2480:Lisbon Regicide
2475:
2423:
2399:
2386:
2304:Gregory Clement
2284:Thomas Harrison
2260:Daniel Blagrave
2170:Rump Parliament
2117:
2103:
2067:excommunication
2051:
2011:
1984:
1889:
1851:
1846:
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1358:Modern Cambodia
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1254:Trienio Liberal
1242:
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1080:
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1015:
1005:
843:
835:
834:
833:
809:Self-proclaimed
674:
666:
665:
662:
630:
605:Politics series
594:
300:Judicial murder
191:Child sacrifice
186:Human sacrifice
85:
74:
68:
65:
50:
37:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3394:
3384:
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3307:External links
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3206:Kirby, Michael
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2363:John Barkstead
2324:Francis Hacker
2268:Edward Whalley
2254:, enacted the
2233:House of Lords
2182:House of Lords
2146:New Model Army
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1995:state capacity
1983:
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1974:'s killing of
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320:In English law
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285:Torture murder
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280:Thrill killing
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268:Angel of mercy
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258:Pseudocommando
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243:Murderâsuicide
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47:of the subject
45:worldwide view
40:
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31:
15:
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4:
3:
2:
3393:
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3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3347:at Wiktionary
3346:
3345:
3339:
3335:
3333:at Wikisource
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3327:
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3315:
3311:
3310:
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3295:
3293:
3292:0-7011-7602-4
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3274:0-87451-499-1
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3167:
3163:
3162:gsarchive.net
3159:
3153:
3144:
3136:
3129:
3123:, p. 16.
3122:
3117:
3110:
3105:
3099:, p. 15.
3098:
3093:
3087:, p. 14.
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3019:
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2979:, p. 14.
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2915:
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2881:
2874:. Penguin UK.
2873:
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2831:(in German).
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3170:. Retrieved
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2940:
2928:. Retrieved
2924:
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2828:
2728:In both the
2727:
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2403:July Monarch
2400:
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2367:Miles Corbet
2328:
2264:John Dixwell
2241:
2237:Royal Assent
2229:
2216:
2201:
2190:
2186:Royal Assent
2174:high treason
2133:divine right
2118:
2061:renewed the
2052:
2012:
1992:
1985:
1965:
1939:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1895:
1894:
1775:
1661:Illegitimate
1656:Family trees
1521:Conservatism
1486:Royal assent
1270:Liberal Wars
1060:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1020:
1010:
1000:
994:
993:
848:Philosophers
847:
846:
787:Principality
603:Part of the
541:
352:jurisdiction
349:
348:
311:Manslaughter
275:Spree killer
253:Proxy murder
134:Child murder
117:jurisdiction
114:
113:
75:
66:
42:
25:
2796:Tyrannicide
2652:of a king.
2519:Tagus River
2316:Hugh Peters
2300:Thomas Scot
2248:restoration
2197:English law
2178:restoration
2162:Westminster
2079:Pope Pius V
2071:Elizabeth I
2031:Richard III
2013:Before the
1976:King Duncan
1816:Interregnum
1781:Regnal list
1686:presumptive
1511:Bonapartism
1457:Royal guard
1420:Appointment
1385:Aristocracy
1210:Magna Carta
1176:Zhirinovsky
1079:Politicians
1006:(1265-1266)
934:Kierkegaard
557:Tyrannicide
495:Crucifixion
438:Neonaticide
433:Infanticide
218:Mass murder
208:Lust murder
3355:Categories
3185:References
3121:Poole 2000
3109:Poole 2000
3097:Poole 2000
3085:Poole 2000
3073:Poole 2000
3043:Kirby 1999
3031:Kirby 1999
2977:Kirby 1999
2961:Kirby 1999
2945:Kirby 1999
2790:Sororicide
2772:Fratricide
2708:The Mikado
2616:, whereby
2604:murdering
2591:See also:
2587:Usurpation
2538:See also:
2511:CarbonĂĄria
2507:Republican
2491:Portuguese
2447:Parricides
2335:Philip Nye
2296:John Carew
2288:John Jones
2252:Charles II
2119:After the
2105:See also:
2063:papal bull
1801:Succession
1673:Figurehead
1624:Coronation
1573:Luxembourg
1553:Legitimism
1548:Jacobitism
1111:Metternich
1042:Patriarcha
939:Dostoevsky
869:Bellarmine
842:Philosophy
792:Real union
757:Hereditary
643:Monarchism
515:Gendercide
455:Sororicide
450:Fratricide
424:Prolicide
415:Mariticide
410:Familicide
374:Euthanasia
3366:Regicides
3319:Regicides
2930:25 August
2857:203606658
2849:1613-0812
2784:Patricide
2778:Matricide
2734:patricide
2602:Ravaillac
2570:anarchist
2566:Umberto I
2466:New Spain
2438:Agustin I
2359:John Okey
2320:John Cook
2125:Charles I
2055:Catholics
2039:Duncan II
2035:James III
2023:Edward II
1958:execution
1904:sovereign
1821:Rebellion
1806:Anti-king
1791:Sovereign
1742:Pretender
1693:Kingmaker
1629:Criticism
1580:Orléanism
1558:Miguelism
1538:Despotism
1506:Alfonsism
1450:Favourite
1440:Camarilla
1430:Household
1395:Oligarchy
1390:Autocracy
1166:Churchill
1032:Leviathan
1012:Monarchia
954:Bainville
829:Universal
802:Coregency
772:Pentarchy
695:Composite
562:War crime
525:Androcide
472:Patricide
467:Matricide
462:Parricide
445:Siblicide
420:Uxoricide
379:Foeticide
248:Poisoning
164:Foeticide
69:July 2022
57:talk page
3361:Monarchy
3344:regicide
3219:archived
3198:archived
3172:29 April
3166:Archived
2740:See also
2698:". The
2673:Louis XV
2665:tortured
2618:monarchs
2606:Henry IV
2473:Portugal
2343:Bradshaw
2339:Cromwell
2274:fled to
2027:Edward V
2017:period,
1999:violence
1896:Regicide
1776:Regicide
1720:Nobility
1681:apparent
1585:Royalism
1563:Orangism
1445:Courtier
1171:Renouvin
1146:Bismarck
1141:Castillo
1131:Disraeli
1121:Polignac
1101:Consalvi
1002:De Regno
974:Bogdanor
824:Triarchy
819:Tetrarch
814:Signoria
747:Ethnarch
737:Elective
685:Absolute
612:Monarchy
542:Regicide
537:Omnicide
532:Genocide
520:Femicide
505:Democide
479:Senicide
428:Filicide
213:Lynching
100:Homicide
51:You may
3376:Treason
2710:sang, "
2706:, when
2593:Usurper
2312:barrack
2222:in the
2168:of the
2154:Windsor
2144:of the
2123:, King
2043:James I
2019:English
2009:Britain
1982:History
1972:Macbeth
1967:Macbeth
1942:British
1940:In the
1900:monarch
1833:Usurper
1725:Peerage
1703:Current
1651:Descent
1634:Dynasty
1597:Toryism
1568:Belgium
1516:Carlism
1479:RiksrÄd
1474:Makhzen
1435:Retinue
1199:History
1161:Metaxas
1156:Maurras
1126:Decazes
1116:VillĂšle
1106:Plessis
1091:Pius VI
1086:Mazarin
979:Scruton
949:Maurras
904:Novalis
889:Maistre
884:Bossuet
854:Aquinas
797:Regency
782:Popular
762:Khanate
752:Federal
742:Emirate
710:Diarchy
638:Monarch
547:Stoning
500:Deicide
3371:Murder
3290:
3272:
3239:
2999:
2855:
2847:
2657:France
2650:murder
2523:Lisbon
2421:Mexico
2397:France
2347:Ireton
2345:, and
2302:, and
2270:, and
2164:. The
2113:, and
1924:cidium
1908:polity
1811:Crisis
1764:Empire
1708:Former
1646:Family
1378:Polity
1136:Cortés
1066:(2001)
1056:(1796)
1046:(1680)
1036:(1651)
1026:(1576)
1016:(1313)
989:Yarvin
944:Youwei
929:Balmes
924:Cortés
909:Balzac
894:Bonald
879:Hobbes
874:Filmer
397:Family
107:Murder
3222:(PDF)
3215:(PDF)
2853:S2CID
2803:Notes
2577:Monza
2564:King
2560:Italy
2081:, in
2057:when
2015:Tudor
1954:trial
1950:trial
1916:regis
1906:of a
1796:Style
1769:Reich
1759:Realm
1730:Realm
1677:Heir
1639:Lists
1590:Ultra
1415:Court
1151:Mella
1096:Ruffo
995:Works
984:Hoppe
964:Evola
919:Gogol
864:Bodin
859:Dante
725:Grand
720:Duchy
673:Types
487:Other
59:, or
3288:ISBN
3270:ISBN
3237:ISBN
3174:2018
2997:ISBN
2932:2020
2845:ISSN
2534:Iraq
2485:The
2376:The
2365:and
2333:and
2242:The
2025:and
1956:and
1920:cida
1918:and
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1754:Rank
1747:List
1602:High
959:Seca
715:Dual
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2837:doi
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1986:In
1978:).
1960:of
1902:or
1826:War
359:War
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3063:^
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