4294:
1344:
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49:
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scholars. Unlike most modern biographies, the accounts in the "Biographies" give profiles using anecdotes to depict morals and character, with "unforgettably lively impressions of people of many different kinds and of the age in which they lived." The "Biographies" have been popular throughout
Chinese history, and have provided a large number of set phrases still used in modern Chinese.
1245:), which comprise one genealogical table and nine other chronological tables. They show reigns, important events, and royal lineages in table form, which Sima Qian stated that he did because "the chronologies are difficult to follow when different genealogical lines exist at the same time." Each table except the last one begins with an introduction to the period it covers.
1781:) era of Emperor Wu's reign. In this letter, Sima Qian describes his work as "spanning from the time of the Yellow Emperor to the present age and consisting of ten tables, twelve basic annals, eight treatises, thirty chapters on hereditary houses, and seventy biographies, together totaling 130 chapters." These numbers are likewise given in the postface to
1701:
It was commonly maintained that Ssuma Chhien could not have adequate historical materials for his account of what had happened more than a thousand years earlier. One may judge of the astonishment of many, therefore, when it appeared that no less than twenty-three of the thirty rulers' names were to
1665:
because they contained criticisms and ridicule of the Qin state, and that the Qin annals were brief and incomplete. In the 13th chapter he mentioned that the chronologies and genealogies of different ancient texts "disagree and contradict each other throughout". In his 18th chapter, Sima Qian writes,
1334:
from the end of the Shang dynasty to some of Sima Qian's near contemporaries. About 40 of the chapters are dedicated to one particular man, but some are about two related figures, while others cover small groups of figures who shared certain roles, such as assassins, caring officials, or
Confucian
1382:
It has been observed that the diplomatic Sima Qian has a way of accentuating the positive in his treatment of rulers in the Basic Annals, but slipping negative information into other chapters, and so his work must be read as a whole to obtain full information. For example, the information that
1149:
calculates that there were probably between 466 and 700 bundles, whose total weight would have been 88–132 pounds (40–60 kg), which would have been difficult to access and hard to transport. Later copies on silk would have been much lighter, but also expensive and rare. Until the work was
1686:, believe to be originally local deities of the peoples of ancient China. Sima Qian sifted out elements of the supernatural and fantastic which seemed to contradict their existence as actual human monarchs, and was therefore criticized for turning myths and folklore into sober history.
1412:, from before the time of the Han dynasty. Many of the sources he used did not survive. He not only used archives and imperial records, but also interviewed people and traveled around China to verify information. In his first chapter, "Annals of the Five Emperors", he writes,
1360:
are vivid descriptions of events and persons. Sima Qian sought out stories from those who might have closer knowledge of certain historical events, using them as sources to balance the reliability and accuracy of historical records. For instance, the material on
1105:
2439:, 6 vols.; rpt. (1967–1969) 7 vols., Paris: Adrien Maisonneuve. Left uncompleted at Chavannes' death. William Nienhauser calls it a "landmark" and "the standard by which all subsequent renditions... must be measured.". Accessible online at
1407:
served as Grand
Historian, and Sima Qian succeeded to his position. Thus he had access to the early Han dynasty archives, edicts, and records. Sima Qian was a methodical, skeptical historian who had access to ancient books, written on
1391:'s men, pushed his own children off his carriage to lighten it, is not given in the emperor's biography, but in the biography of Xiang Yu. He is also careful to balance the negative with the positive, for example, in the biography of
1329:
sections, covering chapters 61 to 130, and accounts for 42% of the entire work. The 69 "Biographies" chapters mostly contain biographical profiles of about 130 outstanding ancient
Chinese men, ranging from the moral paragon
1144:
with about 24 to 36 characters each, and assembled into bundles of around 30 slips. Even after the manuscript was allowed to circulate or be copied, the work would have circulated as bundles of bamboo slips or small groups.
1291:
sections, and spans chapters 31 to 60. Within this section, the earlier chapters are very different in nature than the later chapters. Many of the earlier chapters are chronicle-like accounts of the leading states of the
1355:
doctrine, proclaimed the divine rights of the emperors, and degraded any failed claimant to the throne, Sima Qian's more liberal and objective prose has been renowned and followed by poets and novelists. Most volumes of
1709:. It must be, therefore, that did have fairly reliable materials at his disposal—a fact which underlines once more the deep historical-mindedness of the Chinese—and that the Shang dynasty is perfectly acceptable.
2477:, 8 vols. Moscow: Nauka (1972–2002); 9th volume: Vyatkin, Anatoly R., trans. (2010), Moscow: Vostochnaya literatura. This is the first complete translation into any European language. Full text available online:
1933:
edition in traditional
Chinese (based upon the Jinling Publishing House edition, see below) contains commentaries interspersed among the main text and is considered to be an authoritative modern edition.
1719:
While the king names in Sima Qian's history of the Shang dynasty are supported by inscriptions on the oracle bones, there is, as yet, no archaeological corroboration of Sima Qian's history of the
812:
does not treat history as "a continuous, sweeping narrative", but rather breaks it up into smaller, overlapping units dealing with famous leaders, individuals, and major topics of significance.
1642:", the Grand Historian writes, "I have read Sima's Art of War." In the 121st chapter, "Biographies of Scholars", he writes, "I read the Imperial Decrees that encouraged education officials."
1452:
had lived, and in these places the manners and customs seemed quite different. In general those of their accounts which do not differ from the ancient texts seem to be near to the truth.
4293:
1395:
which contains startling accounts of her cruelty, he points out at the end that, despite whatever her personal life may have been, her rule brought peace and prosperity to the country.
1657:
Sima Qian wrote of the problems with incomplete, fragmentary and contradictory sources. For example, he mentioned in the preface to chapter 15 that the chronicle records of the
1548:
In the 19th chapter, he writes, "I have occasion to read over the records of enfeoffment and come to the case of Wu Qian, the marquis of Bian...." (The father of
Marquis Bian,
1788:
After his death (presumably only a few years later), few people had the opportunity to see the whole work. However, various additions were still made to it. The historian
1820:
were lacking. A large number of chapters dealing with the first century of the Han dynasty (i.e. the 2nd century BC) correspond exactly to the relevant chapters from the
2114:
3608:
1150:
transferred to paper many centuries later, circulation would have been difficult and piecemeal, which accounts for many of the errors and variations in the text.
938:
Sima Tan drafted plans for the ambitious work and left behind some fragments and notes that may have been incorporated into the final text. After Sima's death in
804:, "Sima Qian was one of the creators of Imperial China, not least because by providing definitive biographies, he virtually created the two earlier figures." The
4443:
1511:) that exist since the time of the Yellow Emperor." In his 14th chapter, "Yearly Chronicle of the Feudal Lords", he writes, "I have read all the royal annals (
4472:
1726:
There are also discrepancies of fact such as dates between various portions of the work. This may be a result of Sima Qian's use of different source texts.
3571:
Schaab-Hanke, Dorothee. Review of 'Politik und
Geschichtsschreibung im alten China: Pan-ma i-t’ung 班馬異同' by Hans van Ess (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2014).
1769:
during this hiatus have always been disputed among scholars. That the text was more or less complete by ca. 91 BC is established in the Letter to Ren An (
2289:, 9 vols. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Ongoing translation, and being translated out of order. As of 2020, translates 92 out of 130 chapters.
2587:
2156:
5257:
3802:
2445:
La bibliothèque numérique Les
Classiques des sciences sociales - Collection «Les auteur(e)s classiques» - La Chine ancienne - Les auteurs chinois
1113:
1140:. Sima Qian conceived and composed his work in self-contained units, with a good deal of repetition between them. His manuscript was written on
1972:
1885:
1490:(841–828 BC). Sima Qian often cites his sources. For example, in the first chapter, "Annals of the Five Emperors", he writes, "I have read the
17:
3277:
China in
Central Asia: The Early Stage 125 BC – AD 23: an annotated translation of chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty
4371:
2125:
2082:
4132:
873:
became the most commonly used title in
Chinese. This title was originally used to refer to any general historical text, although after the
985:
4716:
2951:
Hardy, Grant (1994). "Can an Ancient Chinese Historian Contribute to Modern Western Theory? The Multiple Narratives of Ssu-Ma Ch'ien".
2039:
5196:
4654:
4532:
1379:
who happened to be attending the diplomatic ceremony for Jing Ke, and this account was passed on to Sima Qian by those who knew Xia.
1185:
591:
378:
4033:
1502:." In his 13th chapter, "Genealogical Table of the Three Ages", Sima Qian writes, "I have read all the genealogies of the kings (
2052:
2009:
5012:
4302:
4261:
4207:
2163:, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1894, p. 269-294; 1895, p. 93-110, 601-611,
1040:
edition published in 1959 (revised in 1982), which is based on an edition created in the early 1930s by the Chinese historian
5330:
5325:
4481:
3554:
3515:
3496:
3465:
3415:
3355:
2580:
2412:
2398:
2384:
2370:
2356:
2342:
2328:
2314:
2300:
2223:
2209:
2195:
4236:
2510:(in Modern Chinese) Yang Yanqi 杨燕起; ed. (2001). “Shi Ji Quan Yi" 史记全译, 12 vols. Guiyang: Guizhou renmin chubanshe 贵州人民出版社.
1674:
Scholars have questioned the historicity of legendary kings of the ancient periods given by Sima Qian. Sima Qian began the
5203:
4477:
4438:
4226:
3795:
2605:
1734:
After ca. 91 BC, the more-or-less completed manuscript was hidden in the residence of the author's daughter, Sima Ying (
808:
set the model for all subsequent dynastic histories of China. In contrast to Western historiographical conventions, the
5335:
4805:
3595:
2440:
2252:
1679:
3302:
881:
gradually began to be used exclusively to refer to Sima Qian's work. In English, the title is variously translated as
5224:
4487:
4021:
3989:
3981:
3446:
3394:
3312:
3285:
3192:
3178:
2558:
2275:
2666:
5355:
4744:
4125:
1132:
5345:
5289:
5282:
5168:
4709:
4633:
1863:
1003:
995:
original 130 chapters were lost in the Eastern Han period (AD 25–220) and seem to have been reconstructed later.
5360:
5250:
4450:
4321:
3788:
3224:
2840:
2803:
2770:
2737:
1662:
670:
511:
401:
281:
126:
5217:
5133:
4411:
4342:
4266:
4173:
3861:
3540:
145:
3441:. Berkeley, CA: Society for the Study of Early China; University of California, Berkeley. pp. 405–414.
4211:
3679:
2444:
5340:
4952:
4415:
4231:
4118:
3456:
Kern, Martin (2010). "Early Chinese literature, Beginnings through Western Han". In Owen, Stephen (ed.).
2478:
5350:
4800:
4764:
4702:
4497:
4360:
4188:
4150:
2732:. Translated by Watson, Burton (Rev. ed.). Hong Kong: Columbia University Press (published 1993).
2282:
260:
954:'s completion is unknown. It is certain that Sima Qian completed it before his death in approximately
5303:
5275:
5055:
4779:
4178:
4074:
4062:
4050:
1683:
1178:, and are largely similar to records from the ancient Chinese court chronicle tradition, such as the
1068:
in the early 20th century, and six manuscripts preserved in Japanese temples and museums such as the
3656:
1524:." In his 15th chapter, "Yearly Chronicle of the Six States", he writes, "I have read the Annals of
976:
s early reception and circulation. Several 1st-century BC authors, such as the scholar Chu Shaosun (
5175:
4467:
4200:
4195:
4162:
1492:
1180:
716:
1440:. The elders and old men of these various lands frequently pointed out to me the places where the
5296:
5189:
4881:
4759:
4510:
4271:
3739:
3714:
3689:
3506:
Nienhauser, William (2011). "Sima Qian and the Shiji". In Feldherr, Andrew; Hardy, Grant (eds.).
2247:
Reprinted by University Press of the Pacific, 2002. Contains biographies of Confucius and Laozi.
2132:
commentaries, 130 volumes in total. Abbreviated as the Jinling Ju or Jinling Publishing edition (
1409:
1064:, Japan. Portions of nine Tang dynasty manuscripts survive: three fragments discovered among the
5111:
5085:
4936:
4739:
4276:
4216:
4158:
4045:
3386:
2798:. Translated by Nienhauser, William H.; Cheng, Tsai Fa. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
1658:
906:
4168:
2676:
5080:
4784:
4460:
4428:
4348:
4335:
3849:
3812:
3184:
2620:
2089:
1966:
1914:
1889:
1881:
1449:
1037:
765:
of imperial China. It was written during the late 2nd and early 1st centuries BC by the
762:
54:
3378:
3275:
1266:
sections, and contains eight chapters (23–30) on the historical evolution of ritual, music,
4610:
4522:
4365:
4281:
4221:
2458:
1384:
1270:, the calendar, astronomy, sacrifices, rivers and waterways, and financial administration.
1065:
3622:
2451:
2430:
8:
5210:
5065:
4570:
4505:
4401:
4183:
3945:
3771:
3768:
2835:. Translated by Watson, Burton; Takigawa, Kametarō. New York: Columbia University Press.
1926:
1792:
reported the names of a total of fifteen scholars supposed to have added material to the
1753:
1745:
786:
614:
31:
3758:
3733:
3708:
1839:
1802:, c. 105 – c. 30 BC) are clearly indicated by adding "Mr Chu said," (Chu xiansheng yue,
1598:)". In the 62nd chapter, "Biography of Guan and of Yan", he writes, "I have read Guan's
785:
in the author's own time, and describes the world as it was known to the Chinese of the
5231:
5060:
5045:
3854:
3536:
3526:
3475:
2968:
2829:
1946:
1922:
1478:
1425:
1225:
1146:
1123:
1085:
979:
317:
309:
1846:
were lost and they were later reconstructed using the corresponding chapters from the
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336:
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3511:
3492:
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3442:
3411:
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3351:
3308:
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3188:
2846:
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2799:
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2641:
2601:
2576:
2554:
2455:
2408:
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2380:
2366:
2352:
2338:
2324:
2310:
2296:
2271:
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2219:
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2191:
1741:
1221:
782:
495:
487:
244:
236:
75:
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1392:
1217:
4997:
4992:
4898:
4433:
4005:
3997:
3750:
3725:
3700:
3651:
2960:
2467:, 9 vols.; Éditions You Feng, Paris. This is the completed full translation of the
2076:
1796:
during the period after the death of Sima Qian. Only the additions by Chu Shaosun (
1563:
1542:
450:
199:
35:
4647:
3132:
2575:, 3 vols. Beijing: Verlag für fremdsprachige Literatur (Foreign Languages Press);
5007:
4810:
4682:
4661:
4600:
4093:
4081:
4057:
3405:
2164:
2108:
1992:
1938:
1645:
1595:
1521:
1077:
3673:
1403:
Sima's family were hereditary historians to the Han emperor. Sima Qian's father
5161:
4886:
4871:
4825:
4754:
4640:
4455:
4069:
3374:
3174:
2596:, 4 vols.; Luni Editrice, Milano This is the completed full translation of the
1690:
1487:
1483:
1441:
1387:(later Emperor Gaozu of Han), in a desperate attempt to escape in a chase from
1343:
1331:
874:
778:
570:
563:
471:
357:
350:
220:
3754:
3729:
3704:
628:
5319:
5154:
5075:
5040:
4918:
4891:
4668:
3909:
3878:
3549:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard-Yenching Institute; Harvard University Asia Center.
2170:
1996:
1694:
1610:
1459:
1433:
1366:
1305:
1201:
1193:
1137:
1057:
1017:
801:
3365:
2813:
2780:
2747:
1666:"I have set down only what is certain, and in doubtful cases left a blank."
5070:
5030:
4876:
4866:
4675:
4247:
4098:
3962:
3957:
3921:
3885:
3373:
Durrant, Stephen (2001). "The Literary Features of Historical Writing". In
2104:
2072:
2023:
1988:
1706:
1498:
1293:
1197:
1141:
1093:
1007:
839:. However, the book was also known by a variety of other titles, including
825:
The original title of the work, as given by the author in the postface, is
539:
457:
419:
326:
206:
168:
3489:
Ancient and Early Medieval Chinese Literature, A Reference Guide: Part Two
3145:秦既得意，燒天下詩書，諸侯史記尤甚，為其有所刺譏也。詩書所以復見者，多藏人家，而史記獨藏周室，以故滅。惜哉，惜哉！獨有秦記，又不載日月，其文略不具。
2850:
2765:. Translated by Dawson, Raymond Stanley. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
5106:
4986:
4982:
4830:
4580:
4394:
4328:
4242:
4141:
4026:
3969:
3933:
3902:
3873:
3837:
2237:
2233:
1822:
1720:
1639:
1525:
1445:
1429:
1376:
1297:
1205:
1189:
959:
931:
766:
584:
371:
3780:
3508:
The Oxford History of Historical Writing: Volume 1: Beginnings to AD 600
1308:. The later chapters, which cover the Han dynasty, contain biographies.
1069:
950:, who is generally credited as the work's author. The exact date of the
4977:
4930:
4840:
4595:
4590:
4389:
4038:
4010:
3926:
3914:
3897:
3624:
Records of the Grand Historian, Original and Modern Chinese Translation
3587:
2972:
1437:
1301:
1267:
1127:
1041:
253:
3180:
Science and Civilization in China: Volume 1, Introductory Orientations
3092:
2831:
Records of the historian; chapters from the Shih chi of Ssu-ma Ch'ien
155:
152:
136:
133:
5243:
5140:
4908:
4550:
4517:
4384:
4354:
4315:
4110:
4086:
3974:
3950:
3866:
3830:
3232:
3220:
2003:
1789:
1567:
1352:
1200:
dynasties. The last seven cover individual rulers, starting with the
1023:
947:
797:
796:
has been called a "foundational text in Chinese civilization". After
770:
504:
274:
65:
48:
4694:
3627:(in Chinese). Century Publishing Group – via Internet Archive.
2964:
2473:(in Russian) full translation in 9 vols: Vyatkin, Rudolf V., trans.
2441:
Se-ma Ts'ien: Les Mémoires Historiques - Bibliothèque Chine ancienne
1729:
777:. The work covers a 2,500-year period from the age of the legendary
30:"Shi Ji" redirects here. For the Three Kingdoms period general, see
4913:
4820:
4585:
4545:
4423:
4378:
4256:
3938:
3890:
3236:
1809:
1538:
1404:
1388:
1213:
1056:
manuscripts have survived to the present, and both are held by the
963:
916:
774:
525:
295:
3460:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–115.
5147:
4967:
4815:
4619:
4560:
4540:
4014:
3579:
2549:(in Polish) Mieczysław J. Künstler, trans. (2000). Sy-ma Ts'ien,
2118:
2029:
1918:
1623:
1582:
1571:
1362:
1325:, usually shortened to "Biographies") is the largest of the five
1157:
into five categories, which each comprise a section of the book.
575:
546:
362:
333:
2644:(AD 195–256) appears to be among the earliest to apply the name
2571:(in German) Gregor Kneussel, Alexander Saechtig, trans. (2016).
1830:). It is unclear whether those chapters initially came from the
1693:, who wrote in 1954 on Sima Qian's accounts of the kings of the
1220:, while excluding rulers who never held any real power, such as
1061:
5235:
5116:
5050:
5002:
4962:
4957:
4845:
4835:
4626:
4565:
4555:
4310:
3842:
3583:
3348:
The Indiana Companion to Traditional Chinese Literature, Vol. 1
2513:(in Modern Chinese) Xu Jialu 许嘉璐; An Pingqiu 安平秋, eds. (2003).
2268:
The First Emperor : Selections from the Historical Records
1813:
1703:
1576:
1549:
647:
3458:
The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature, Volume 1: To 1375
2167:. (The first English translation of the first three chapters).
920:
5090:
4972:
4941:
4903:
4850:
4774:
4251:
3641:
1482:
as source materials to make genealogies from the time of the
1262:, sometimes called "Monographs") is the shortest of the five
1081:
1073:
693:
554:
341:
3407:
Worlds of Bronze and Bamboo: Sima Qian's Conquest of History
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
5035:
4947:
4925:
4769:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2984:
2982:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
966:) and the other copy probably being stored in Sima's home.
3157:
3155:
3061:
2566:
Historiske Optegnelser: Kapitlerne 61-130, Biografier 1-70
1866:
period (420–589 AD). The earliest printed edition, called
1756:
by Sima Qian's grandson (through his daughter), Yang Yun (
1678:
with an account of the five rulers of supreme virtue, the
3632:
3033:
1351:
Unlike subsequent official historical texts that adopted
596:
530:
516:
383:
314:
300:
286:
3106:余嘗西至空桐，北過涿鹿，東漸於海，南浮江淮矣，至長老皆各往往稱黃帝、堯、舜之處，風教固殊焉，總之不離古文者近是。
2994:
2979:
2932:
2857:
1419:余嘗西至空桐，北過涿鹿，東漸於海，南浮江淮矣，至長老皆各往往稱黃帝、堯、舜之處，風教固殊焉，總之不離古文者近是。
1104:
1032:, early 8th century). The primary modern edition of the
761:, is a Chinese historical text that is the first of the
265:
3255:
3152:
3073:
2694:
2920:
1432:, east to the sea, and in the south I have sailed the
988:
32–7 BC), added interpolations to it. Ten of the
721:
3201:
3113:
2706:
1570:.) In his chapter on the patriotic minister and poet
946:
was continued and completed by his son and successor
492:
476:
462:
241:
225:
211:
3385:. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. pp.
2682:
2520:二十四史全译：史记, 2 vols. Beijing: Hanyudacidian chubanshe.
675:
4676:
Treatise on Cold Injury and Miscellaneous Disorders
3487:". In Knechtges, David R.; Chang, Tai-ping (eds.).
3137:[Chronological table of the six kingdoms].
2892:
2723:
2721:
1842:argued that the originals of those chapters of the
1184:. The first five cover either periods, such as the
2828:
1626:and horses; a long section on war and economics),
1204:and progressing through the first emperors of the
958:with one copy residing in the imperial capital of
5258:Notes of the Thatched Abode of Close Observations
3772:The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East
3304:Encyclopedia of Literary Translation into English
3273:
2321:V. part 1. The Hereditary Houses of Pre-Han China
1730:Transmission and supplementation by other writers
1630:(Light and Heavy; i.e. "what is important"), and
1369:incorporates an eye-witness account by Xia Wuju (
1311:
5317:
2718:
1304:, and two of the chapters go back as far as the
1273:
633:
619:
4648:Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet
3777:, ed. Charles F. Horne, 1917, pp. 396–398.
3647:(in Chinese and English). Chinese Text Project.
3638:(in Chinese and English). Chinese Text Project.
3248:報任少卿書：『上計軒轅，下至于茲，為十表，本紀十二，書八章，世家三十，列傳七十，凡百三十篇。』
1608:- "Government of the People", a chapter in the
1114:List of Records of the Grand Historian chapters
3545:. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series
2184:). Translates roughly 90 out of 130 chapters.
1929:for scholarly study. The 1959 (2nd ed., 1982)
1682:, who modern scholars, such as those from the
1208:. In this section, Sima chose to also include
698:
4710:
4372:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
4126:
3796:
3661:
3616:
3610:
3510:. Oxford University Press. pp. 463–484.
3482:
3432:
3341:
3246:
3143:
3104:
2564:(in Danish) Svane, Gunnar O., trans. (2007).
2539:
2530:
2524:
2500:
2491:
2485:
2133:
2094:
2062:
2056:
2043:
2033:
2013:
1978:
1908:The Combined Annotations of the Three Experts
1901:
1871:
1803:
1797:
1776:
1770:
1757:
1752:was finally disseminated during the reign of
1735:
1702:be clearly found on the indisputably genuine
1603:
1532:
1515:
1506:
1471:
1417:
1370:
1320:
1282:
1257:
1240:
1169:
1027:
1015:
977:
925:
864:
854:
844:
830:
406:
150:
131:
3578:Yap, Joseph P, (2019). The Western Regions,
3439:Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographical Guide
1838:. Researchers Yves Hervouet (1921–1999) and
897:, although other titles are sometimes used.
652:
3652:The Original Text in its Entirety (Chinese)
2730:Records of the grand historian. Han dynasty
1669:
1160:
1092:survive, the earliest of which date to the
1010:(618–907). Most historical editions of the
4717:
4703:
4133:
4119:
3803:
3789:
3505:
3381:The Columbia History of Chinese Literature
2672:
2507:, 6 vols. Tianjin: Tianjin guji chubanshe.
2093:, abbreviated as the Wu Yingdian edition (
2048:or the Drawing from Ancient Times Studio)
1762:), after a hiatus of around twenty years.
47:
4655:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
3810:
3535:
3474:
3350:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
3219:
3055:
3027:
2988:
2938:
2910:
2870:
2270:). Translates only Qin-related material.
1977:Abbreviated as the Huang Shanfu edition (
930:, also translated "Grand Scribe") of the
773:, building upon work begun by his father
4034:Historical Records of the Five Dynasties
2479:Сыма Цянь. Исторические записки (Ши цзи)
2463:Les Mémoires historiques de Se-Ma Ts'ien
2435:Les Mémoires historiques de Se-ma Ts'ien
1644:
1342:
1248:
1153:Sima Qian organized the chapters of the
1103:
1026:(early 8th century), and Zhang Shoujie (
3424:
3410:. New York: Columbia University Press.
3372:
3346:". In William H. Nienhauser Jr. (ed.).
3336:
3173:
3167:
2926:
2914:
2886:
2882:
2712:
2551:Syn smoka. Fragmenty Zapisków historyka
2307:II. The Basic Annals of the Han Dynasty
2177:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2175:Records of the Grand Historian of China
2144:
1424:I myself have travelled west as far as
1188:, or individual dynasties, such as the
1174:) make up the first 12 chapters of the
1126:long, making it four times longer than
1052:Only two fragments of pre-Tang dynasty
27:1st-century BC history of ancient China
14:
5318:
4262:Disasters of the Partisan Prohibitions
4140:
3528:Ssu Ma Ch'ien Grand Historian Of China
3524:
3300:
3261:
3207:
3183:. Cambridge University Press. p.
3161:
3119:
3079:
3067:
3039:
2498:Quanjiao quanzhu quanyi quanping Shiji
2363:VIII. The Memoirs of Han China, Part I
2124:Proofreading and copy editing done by
1878:Scribal Records, Collected Annotations
1638:." In his 64th chapter, "Biography of
1014:included the commentaries of Pei Yin (
494:
316:
243:
4724:
4698:
4114:
3784:
3642:"Shiji (Simplified Chinese version)"
3403:
2950:
2700:
2688:
2573:Aus den Aufzeichnungen des Chronisten
2405:XI. The Memoirs of Han China, Part IV
2391:X. The Memoirs of Han China, Part III
2377:IX. The Memoirs of Han China, Part II
2263:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2055:. Abbreviated as the Mao Ke edition (
1765:The changes in the manuscript of the
1231:
4237:Second Chinese domination of Vietnam
3744:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3719:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3694:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
3455:
2898:
2826:
2793:
2760:
2727:
2568:. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.
2293:I. The Basic Annals of Pre-Han China
1892:, is the earliest collection of the
1808:). Already in the first century AD,
1287:) is the second largest of the five
1236:Chapters 13 to 22 are the "Tables" (
5204:Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio
4478:Protectorate of the Western Regions
4227:First Chinese domination of Vietnam
3491:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 897–904.
3280:. E. Brill, Leiden. pp. 8–25.
2484:(in Modern Chinese) Yang Zhongxian
2012:. Abbreviated as the Jian edition (
1862:, handwritten, was made during the
1398:
24:
4806:Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
3686:, translated by Herbert J. Allen:
3565:
3307:. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 1282.
2640:The Three Kingdoms period scholar
2523:(in Japanese) Mizusawa, Toshitada
1574:, Sima Qian writes, "I have read
900:
25:
5372:
5225:What the Master Would Not Discuss
4022:Old History of the Five Dynasties
3990:History of the Northern Dynasties
3982:History of the Southern Dynasties
3684:Ssuma Ch'ien's Historical Records
3602:
3575:102-1-3 (2016), pp. 225–235.
2349:VII. The Memoirs of Pre-Han China
2161:Ssŭma Ch‘ien's Historical Records
1999:Emperors (between 1521 and 1620)
1636:Spring and Autumn Annals of Yanzi
4488:Translation of government titles
4292:
3244:. Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing.
2475:Istoricheskie Zapiski (Shi-czi)
1858:The earliest extant copy of the
1365:'s attempt at assassinating the
1133:History of the Peloponnesian War
859:) in ancient times. Eventually,
5290:The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
5283:Dong Yong and the Seventh Fairy
4634:Book on Numbers and Computation
3294:
3267:
3213:
3125:
3085:
3045:
2944:
2904:
2876:
2259:Raymond Stanley Dawson (1994).
2244:. Hong Kong: Commercial Press.
1921:has published the book in both
1864:Southern and Northern Dynasties
1661:kept in the royal archive were
1468:The Annals of the Five Emperors
1004:Northern and Southern dynasties
598:*l̥ˤat-s s-rəʔ C.qˤung s-ta
597:
576:
555:
531:
517:
384:
363:
342:
315:
301:
287:
266:
5251:Records of the Grand Historian
4451:Three Lords and Nine Ministers
4322:Records of the Grand Historian
3483:
3342:
3093:"Annals of the Five Emperors"
2820:
2787:
2754:
2634:
2422:
2335:VI. The Hereditary Houses, III
2182:Records of the Grand Historian
1888:'s edition, printed under the
1740:), to avoid destruction under
1634:(Nine Houses), as well as the
1558:
1375:), a physician to the king of
1047:
998:The first commentaries to the
883:Records of the Grand Historian
837:Records of the Grand Historian
752:Records of the Grand Historian
722:
676:
634:
493:
477:
463:
407:
242:
226:
212:
151:
132:
18:Records of the Grand Historian
13:
1:
5218:In Search of the Supernatural
5134:Classic of Mountains and Seas
4343:Records of the Three Kingdoms
4267:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
4174:Rebellion of the Seven States
3862:Records of the Three Kingdoms
3542:Chinese History: A New Manual
2655:
2592:Memorie Storiche di Sima Qian
2345:. (edited with Masha Kobzeva)
2038:), 1599–1659) and his studio
1816:claimed that ten chapters in
436:"Book of the Grand Historian"
95:
5331:1st-century BC history books
5326:2nd-century BC history books
3774:, Volume XII: Medieval China
3680:Internet Sacred Text Archive
3531:. Columbia University Press.
3437:". In Loewe, Michael (ed.).
2728:Sima, Qian (December 1992).
2660:
1880:), was published during the
1775:), composed in the Zhenghe (
1744:and his immediate successor
1618:("The Mountains Are High"),
921:
53:1982 printed edition by the
7:
3667:Records of the Grand Scribe
3301:Classe, Olive, ed. (2000).
2613:
2061:) or the Ji Gu Ge edition (
1991:, between the times of the
1853:
1099:
919:, who was Grand Historian (
10:
5377:
4473:Provinces and commanderies
4361:Eight Immortals of Huainan
4189:War of the Heavenly Horses
3337:Durrant, Stephen (1986). "
3324:
3274:Hulsewé, A. F. P. (1979).
2796:The grand scribe's records
2287:The Grand Scribe's Records
2283:William H. Nienhauser, Jr.
2149:
2002:The Northern and Southern
1590:(summoning the soul), and
1458:Sima Qian, translation by
1316:The "Ranked Biographies" (
1111:
969:Little is known about the
934:court during the late 2nd
904:
891:The Grand Scribe's Records
815:
758:The Grand Scribe's Records
29:
5336:Books about civilizations
5304:Mulian Rescues His Mother
5276:Legend of the White Snake
5267:
5125:
5099:
5023:
4859:
4793:
4732:
4609:
4531:
4496:
4410:
4301:
4290:
4179:Han dynasty in Inner Asia
4149:
3820:
3755:10.1017/S0035869X00145083
3730:10.1017/S0035869X00022784
3705:10.1017/S0035869X00143916
3662:
3617:
3611:
3582:and Han, from the Shiji,
3433:
3247:
3144:
3105:
2561:. Selected chapters only.
2540:
2531:
2525:
2501:
2492:
2486:
2242:Records of the Historians
2134:
2095:
2063:
2057:
2044:
2034:
2014:
1979:
1925:for mass consumption and
1902:
1872:
1804:
1798:
1777:
1771:
1758:
1736:
1684:Doubting Antiquity School
1604:
1553:
1537:), and they say that the
1533:
1516:
1507:
1472:
1466:The Grand Historian used
1418:
1371:
1321:
1283:
1278:The "Hereditary Houses" (
1258:
1241:
1212:rulers of China, such as
1170:
1028:
1016:
1006:(420–589) and the early
978:
926:
911:The work that became the
865:
855:
845:
831:
737:
733:
715:
710:
706:
699:
692:
687:
669:
664:
660:
653:
646:
641:
627:
613:
608:
590:
583:
569:
562:
545:
538:
524:
510:
503:
486:
470:
456:
449:
444:
440:
432:
428:
418:
414:
400:
395:
377:
370:
356:
349:
332:
325:
308:
294:
280:
273:
259:
252:
235:
219:
205:
198:
193:
189:
181:
177:
167:
163:
144:
125:
120:
116:
112:
104:
89:
81:
71:
61:
46:
5176:The Peach Blossom Spring
4232:Trung sisters' rebellion
4196:Han conquest of Gojoseon
4163:Feast at Swan Goose Gate
3643:
3634:
3240:
3228:
3141:. Chinese Text Project.
3133:
3102:. Chinese Text Project.
3094:
2627:
2546:, 12 vols. Tokyo: Kyūko.
2115:Jinling Publishing House
1697:(c. 1600 – c. 1050 BC):
1670:Reliability and accuracy
1493:Spring and Autumn Annals
1338:
1296:, such as the states of
1181:Spring and Autumn Annals
1108:An early printed edition
895:Records of the Historian
820:
402:Traditional Chinese
396:Alternative Chinese name
127:Traditional Chinese
5356:Historiography of China
5297:The Magic Lotus Lantern
5190:Investiture of the Gods
4511:Ancient Chinese coinage
4272:Yellow Turban Rebellion
3525:Watson, Burton (1958).
3235:; Li Shan (李善) (eds.).
2553:, Warszawa: Czytelnik;
1520:) up until the time of
1410:bamboo and wooden slips
146:Simplified Chinese
34:. For the goddess, see
5346:Han dynasty literature
5112:Peaches of Immortality
4937:Chinese guardian lions
4860:Mythological creatures
4533:Science and technology
4277:End of the Han dynasty
4217:Han conquest of Nanyue
3690:"Introductory Chapter"
2535:, trans. (1996–1998).
2461:, translators. (2015)
2433:, trans. (1895–1905).
2180:Second edition, 1993 (
1717:
1689:However, according to
1663:burnt by Qin Shi Huang
1654:
1653:(Ming dynasty edition)
1464:
1348:
1109:
907:Chinese historiography
620:
5361:Twenty-Four Histories
5197:The Sorcerer's Revolt
4785:Chinese folk religion
4461:Three Ducal Ministers
4349:Flying Horse of Gansu
4336:Book of the Later Han
3850:Book of the Later Han
3813:Twenty-Four Histories
3404:Hardy, Grant (1999).
2621:Twenty-Four Histories
2590:, translator. (2024)
2285:, ed. (1994– ).
2216:Han Dynasty, Volume 2
2202:Han Dynasty, Volume 1
2128:. Published with the
2107:, in the time of the
2090:Twenty-Four Histories
2075:, in the time of the
1967:Southern Song dynasty
1915:Zhonghua Book Company
1913:In modern times, the
1890:Southern Song dynasty
1882:Northern Song dynasty
1699:
1648:
1414:
1346:
1107:
1038:Zhonghua Book Company
905:Further information:
763:Twenty-Four Histories
55:Zhonghua Book Company
4745:Godly world concepts
4523:Sino-Roman relations
4366:Mawangdui Silk Texts
4282:Battle of Red Cliffs
4222:Han conquest of Dian
3225:41: Letter to Ren An
3070:, pp. 191, 240.
3054:130: 3319, cited in
2648:to Sima Qian's work.
2145:Notable translations
1937:The most well-known
1896:commentaries on the
1552:, was named prince (
1312:"Ranked Biographies"
1202:First Emperor of Qin
1165:The "Basic Annals" (
1136:and longer than the
1066:Dunhuang manuscripts
671:Revised Romanization
592:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
379:Baxter–Sagart (2014)
5211:Journey to the West
4402:Eastern Han Chinese
4303:Society and culture
4208:Southward expansion
4169:Lü Clan disturbance
3946:Book of Northern Qi
3766:Part of chapter 63
3537:Wilkinson, Endymion
3476:Knechtges, David R.
3042:, pp. 111–112.
2885:, pp. 405–06;
2827:Sima, Qian (1969).
2794:Sima, Qian (1994).
2761:Sima, Qian (1994).
2703:, pp. xiii, 3.
1927:traditional Chinese
1659:Zhou dynasty states
1586:("Heaven Asking"),
1566:for his loyalty to
1274:"Hereditary Houses"
787:Western Han dynasty
615:Vietnamese alphabet
532:Tai3-si2-gong1 syu1
43:
32:Shi Ji (Eastern Wu)
5341:Chinese chronicles
5232:Heavenly Questions
5046:Gate of the Ghosts
4801:Gods and immortals
4765:Gods and immortals
4620:Balanced Discourse
4159:Chu–Han Contention
3715:"The Hsia Dynasty"
2953:History and Theory
2889:, pp. 502–03.
2763:Historical records
2452:Chavannes, Édouard
2431:Chavannes, Édouard
2261:Historical Records
1923:simplified Chinese
1655:
1486:until that of the
1479:Classic of History
1393:Empress Dowager Lu
1349:
1226:Emperor Hui of Han
1218:Empress Dowager Lü
1147:Endymion Wilkinson
1124:Chinese characters
1110:
1036:is the ten-volume
887:Historical Records
871:Historical Records
479:T'ai-shih-kung shu
41:
5351:Han dynasty texts
5313:
5312:
5183:The Four Journeys
4726:Chinese mythology
4692:
4691:
4201:Four Commanderies
4108:
4107:
3740:"The Yin Dynasty"
3556:978-0-674-06715-8
3517:978-0-19-103678-1
3498:978-90-04-19240-9
3467:978-0-521-11677-0
3426:Hulsewé, A. F. P.
3417:978-0-231-11304-5
3357:978-0-253-32983-7
3264:, pp. 56–67.
3164:, pp. 16–17.
3082:, pp. 95–98.
2673:Nienhauser (2011)
2588:Cannata, Vincenzo
2581:978-7-119-09676-6
2529:; Yoshida, Kenkō
2459:Jacques Pimpaneau
2456:Maxime Kaltenmark
2413:978-0-253-04610-9
2399:978-0-253-01931-8
2385:978-0-253-35590-4
2371:978-0-253-34028-3
2357:978-0-253-34027-6
2343:978-0-253-06418-9
2329:978-0-253-34025-2
2315:978-0-253-03909-5
2301:978-0-253-03855-5
2266:Reprinted, 2007 (
2224:978-0-231-08167-2
2210:978-0-231-08165-8
2196:978-0-231-08169-6
2173:, trans. (1961).
2142:
2141:
2087:Published in the
1947:woodblock printed
1253:The "Treatises" (
1222:Emperor Yi of Chu
1122:is about 526,500
1086:woodblock printed
783:Emperor Wu of Han
749:, often known as
741:
740:
729:
728:
683:
682:
604:
603:
577:Tʰài ʂí kuwng sho
512:Yale Romanization
451:Standard Mandarin
391:
390:
282:Yale Romanization
200:Standard Mandarin
185:"Scribal Records"
105:Publication place
99: 91 BC
76:Classical Chinese
16:(Redirected from
5368:
5268:Other folk tales
4998:Nine-headed Bird
4993:Peng (mythology)
4899:Four Holy Beasts
4794:Major personages
4719:
4712:
4705:
4696:
4695:
4296:
4135:
4128:
4121:
4112:
4111:
4006:New Book of Tang
3998:Old Book of Tang
3805:
3798:
3791:
3782:
3781:
3682:. Chapters 1–3,
3665:
3664:
3648:
3639:
3628:
3621:), eds. (2004).
3620:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3560:
3532:
3521:
3502:
3486:
3485:
3471:
3452:
3436:
3435:
3421:
3400:
3384:
3369:
3345:
3344:
3319:
3318:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3171:
3165:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3056:Wilkinson (2012)
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3028:Wilkinson (2012)
3025:
2992:
2989:Wilkinson (2012)
2986:
2977:
2976:
2948:
2942:
2939:Knechtges (2014)
2936:
2930:
2924:
2918:
2911:Knechtges (2014)
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2880:
2874:
2871:Knechtges (2014)
2868:
2855:
2854:
2834:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2725:
2716:
2710:
2704:
2698:
2692:
2686:
2680:
2670:
2649:
2638:
2543:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2527:
2504:
2503:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2165:available online
2157:Herbert J. Allen
2137:
2136:
2098:
2097:
2077:Qianlong Emperor
2066:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2017:
2016:
2004:Imperial Academy
1982:
1981:
1952:
1951:
1905:
1904:
1875:
1874:
1840:A. F. P. Hulsewé
1807:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1761:
1760:
1739:
1738:
1715:
1607:
1606:
1560:
1555:
1543:King You of Zhou
1536:
1535:
1519:
1518:
1513:chunqiu li pudie
1510:
1509:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1421:
1420:
1399:Source materials
1374:
1373:
1324:
1323:
1286:
1285:
1261:
1260:
1244:
1243:
1173:
1172:
1088:editions of the
1031:
1030:
1022:, 5th century),
1021:
1020:
994:
987:
983:
982:
975:
957:
941:
937:
929:
928:
924:
868:
867:
858:
857:
848:
847:
834:
833:
781:to the reign of
725:
724:
708:
707:
702:
701:
679:
678:
662:
661:
656:
655:
637:
636:
623:
600:
599:
579:
578:
558:
557:
534:
533:
520:
519:
499:
498:
497:
482:
481:
480:
466:
465:
442:
441:
410:
409:
387:
386:
366:
365:
345:
344:
321:
320:
319:
304:
303:
290:
289:
269:
268:
248:
247:
246:
231:
230:
229:
215:
214:
191:
190:
159:
158:
140:
139:
100:
97:
91:Publication date
51:
44:
40:
36:Shiji Niangniang
21:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5309:
5263:
5121:
5095:
5061:Kunlun Mountain
5019:
5008:Nine-tailed fox
4855:
4811:Eight Immortals
4789:
4733:Overview topics
4728:
4723:
4693:
4688:
4683:Zhoubi Suanjing
4662:Huangdi Neijing
4627:Book of Origins
4605:
4601:Zhang Zhongjing
4527:
4492:
4406:
4297:
4288:
4184:Han–Xiongnu War
4145:
4139:
4109:
4104:
4094:History of Ming
4082:History of Yuan
4058:History of Liao
4046:History of Song
4001:(Liu Xu et al.)
3816:
3809:
3657:CHINAKNOWLEDGE
3645:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3615:); An Pingqiu (
3605:
3568:
3566:Further reading
3563:
3557:
3518:
3499:
3468:
3449:
3418:
3397:
3375:Mair, Victor H.
3358:
3327:
3322:
3315:
3299:
3295:
3288:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3195:
3175:Needham, Joseph
3172:
3168:
3160:
3153:
3135:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3118:
3114:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3078:
3074:
3066:
3062:
3050:
3046:
3038:
3034:
3026:
2995:
2987:
2980:
2965:10.2307/2505650
2949:
2945:
2937:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2913:, p. 898;
2909:
2905:
2897:
2893:
2881:
2877:
2869:
2858:
2843:
2825:
2821:
2806:
2792:
2788:
2773:
2759:
2755:
2740:
2726:
2719:
2711:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2691:, p. xiii.
2687:
2683:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2616:
2611:
2606:9-788879-848220
2496:, eds. (1997).
2425:
2420:
2152:
2147:
2109:Tongzhi Emperor
1856:
1732:
1716:
1713:
1672:
1596:Lament for Ying
1522:King Li of Zhou
1463:
1457:
1454:
1423:
1422:
1401:
1341:
1314:
1276:
1251:
1234:
1163:
1116:
1102:
1050:
992:
973:
955:
939:
935:
909:
903:
901:Textual history
851:Taishigongzhuan
823:
818:
609:Vietnamese name
556:Thài-sú-kong su
478:
433:Literal meaning
227:
182:Literal meaning
98:
92:
57:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5374:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5271:
5269:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5165:
5162:Shenxian Zhuan
5158:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5129:
5127:
5126:Literary works
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4987:Four Evildoers
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4923:
4922:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4896:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4887:Vermilion Bird
4884:
4879:
4874:
4872:Black Tortoise
4863:
4861:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4826:Yellow Emperor
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4760:Shenmo fiction
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4722:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4699:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4502:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4482:Chief Official
4475:
4470:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4458:
4456:Nine Ministers
4448:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4431:
4426:
4420:
4418:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4387:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4351:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4313:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4298:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4212:Han–Minyue War
4205:
4204:
4203:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4115:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4102:
4090:
4078:
4070:History of Jin
4066:
4054:
4042:
4030:
4018:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3966:
3954:
3942:
3930:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3870:
3858:
3846:
3834:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3808:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3749:(3): 601–615.
3737:
3712:
3699:(2): 269–295.
3671:
3654:
3649:
3629:
3604:
3603:External links
3601:
3600:
3599:
3596:978-1792829154
3576:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3533:
3522:
3516:
3503:
3497:
3472:
3466:
3453:
3447:
3422:
3416:
3401:
3395:
3370:
3356:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3293:
3286:
3266:
3254:
3212:
3210:, p. 113.
3200:
3193:
3166:
3151:
3124:
3122:, p. 183.
3112:
3084:
3072:
3060:
3058:, p. 706.
3044:
3032:
3030:, p. 706.
2993:
2991:, p. 708.
2978:
2943:
2941:, p. 898.
2931:
2929:, p. 409.
2927:Hulsewé (1993)
2919:
2917:, p. 407.
2915:Hulsewé (1993)
2903:
2901:, p. 102.
2891:
2887:Durrant (2001)
2883:Hulsewé (1993)
2875:
2873:, p. 897.
2856:
2841:
2819:
2804:
2786:
2771:
2753:
2738:
2717:
2715:, p. 689.
2713:Durrant (1986)
2705:
2693:
2681:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2632:
2631:
2629:
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2374:
2360:
2346:
2332:
2318:
2304:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2253:978-0835106184
2231:
2230:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2213:
2199:
2171:Watson, Burton
2168:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2122:
2112:
2101:
2100:
2085:
2080:
2069:
2068:
2049:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2006:
2000:
1985:
1984:
1975:
1970:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1855:
1852:
1731:
1728:
1714:Joseph Needham
1711:
1691:Joseph Needham
1671:
1668:
1488:Gonghe regency
1484:Yellow Emperor
1455:
1442:Yellow Emperor
1415:
1400:
1397:
1340:
1337:
1313:
1310:
1275:
1272:
1250:
1247:
1233:
1230:
1162:
1161:"Basic Annals"
1159:
1101:
1098:
1049:
1046:
1002:date from the
953:
902:
899:
875:Three Kingdoms
822:
819:
817:
814:
779:Yellow Emperor
739:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
727:
726:
719:
713:
712:
711:Transcriptions
704:
703:
696:
690:
689:
685:
684:
681:
680:
673:
667:
666:
665:Transcriptions
658:
657:
650:
644:
643:
639:
638:
631:
625:
624:
617:
611:
610:
606:
605:
602:
601:
594:
588:
587:
581:
580:
573:
571:Middle Chinese
567:
566:
564:Middle Chinese
560:
559:
552:
543:
542:
536:
535:
528:
522:
521:
514:
508:
507:
505:Yue: Cantonese
501:
500:
490:
484:
483:
474:
468:
467:
464:Tàishǐgōng shū
460:
454:
453:
447:
446:
445:Transcriptions
438:
437:
434:
430:
429:
426:
425:
424:Tàishǐgōng shū
422:
416:
415:
412:
411:
404:
398:
397:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:s-rəʔ C.krəʔ-s
381:
375:
374:
368:
367:
360:
358:Middle Chinese
354:
353:
351:Middle Chinese
347:
346:
339:
330:
329:
323:
322:
312:
306:
305:
298:
292:
291:
284:
278:
277:
275:Yue: Cantonese
271:
270:
263:
257:
256:
250:
249:
239:
233:
232:
223:
217:
216:
209:
203:
202:
196:
195:
194:Transcriptions
187:
186:
183:
179:
178:
175:
174:
171:
165:
164:
161:
160:
148:
142:
141:
129:
123:
122:
118:
117:
114:
113:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5373:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5280:
5278:
5277:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5222:
5220:
5219:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5192:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5155:Liexian Zhuan
5152:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5056:Jade Mountain
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5041:Eight Pillars
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4920:
4919:Spirit turtle
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4892:Yellow Dragon
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4740:Creation myth
4738:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4720:
4715:
4713:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4669:Shuowen Jiezi
4666:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4631:
4629:
4628:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
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4557:
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4549:
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4530:
4524:
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4516:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4380:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4143:
4136:
4131:
4129:
4124:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4100:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3910:Book of Liang
3907:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3880:
3879:Fang Xuanling
3876:
3875:
3871:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3724:(1): 93–110.
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3660:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3637:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3607:
3606:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3558:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3490:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3448:1-55729-043-1
3444:
3440:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3398:
3396:0-231-10984-9
3392:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3349:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3314:9781884964367
3310:
3306:
3305:
3297:
3289:
3287:90-04-05884-2
3283:
3279:
3278:
3270:
3263:
3262:Watson (1958)
3258:
3251:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3226:
3222:
3216:
3209:
3208:Watson (1958)
3204:
3196:
3194:0-521-05799-X
3190:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3170:
3163:
3162:Watson (1958)
3158:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3136:
3128:
3121:
3120:Watson (1958)
3116:
3109:
3101:
3097:
3088:
3081:
3080:Watson (1958)
3076:
3069:
3068:Watson (1958)
3064:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3040:Watson (1958)
3036:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2935:
2928:
2923:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2900:
2895:
2888:
2884:
2879:
2872:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2797:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:(in Italian)
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2559:83-07-02780-2
2556:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2519:
2518:quanyi: Shiji
2516:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2499:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2276:9780199574391
2273:
2269:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2234:Yang Hsien-yi
2232:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2054:
2051:Published in
2050:
2041:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2008:Published in
2007:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1906:, literally:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1768:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1698:
1696:
1695:Shang dynasty
1692:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1680:Five Emperors
1677:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1651:Annals of Xia
1647:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1469:
1461:
1460:Burton Watson
1453:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1428:, north past
1427:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1306:Shang dynasty
1303:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1246:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:Five Emperors
1183:
1182:
1177:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1138:Old Testament
1135:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Ishiyama-dera
1055:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
991:
981:
972:
967:
965:
962:(present-day
961:
951:
949:
945:
933:
923:
918:
915:was begun by
914:
908:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
862:
852:
842:
838:
828:
827:Taishigongshu
813:
811:
807:
803:
802:Qin Shi Huang
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
759:
754:
753:
748:
747:
736:
732:
720:
718:
714:
709:
705:
697:
695:
691:
688:Japanese name
686:
674:
672:
668:
663:
659:
651:
649:
645:
640:
632:
630:
626:
622:
618:
616:
612:
607:
595:
593:
589:
586:
582:
574:
572:
568:
565:
561:
553:
551:
548:
544:
541:
537:
529:
527:
523:
518:Taisígōng syū
515:
513:
509:
506:
502:
496:
491:
489:
485:
475:
473:
469:
461:
459:
455:
452:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
421:
417:
413:
405:
403:
399:
394:
382:
380:
376:
373:
369:
361:
359:
355:
352:
348:
340:
338:
335:
331:
328:
324:
318:
313:
311:
307:
299:
297:
293:
285:
283:
279:
276:
272:
264:
262:
258:
255:
251:
245:
240:
238:
234:
224:
222:
218:
210:
208:
204:
201:
197:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
162:
157:
154:
149:
147:
143:
138:
135:
130:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
94:
88:
84:
80:
77:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
37:
33:
19:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5256:
5249:
5242:
5230:
5223:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5174:
5167:
5160:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5071:Moving Sands
5013:
4933:(Fox spirit)
4877:Azure Dragon
4867:Four Symbols
4681:
4674:
4667:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4377:
4370:
4353:
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4248:Red Eyebrows
4099:Zhang Tingyu
4092:
4080:
4068:
4056:
4044:
4032:
4020:
4004:
3996:
3993:(Li Yanshou)
3988:
3985:(Li Yanshou)
3980:
3968:
3963:Linghu Defen
3958:Book of Zhou
3956:
3944:
3932:
3922:Book of Chen
3920:
3908:
3896:
3886:Book of Song
3884:
3872:
3860:
3848:
3836:
3825:
3824:
3811:
3773:
3767:
3746:
3743:
3721:
3718:
3696:
3693:
3683:
3675:Ssuma Ch'ien
3674:
3666:
3658:
3623:
3572:
3546:
3541:
3527:
3507:
3488:
3479:
3457:
3438:
3429:
3406:
3380:
3347:
3338:
3303:
3296:
3276:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3237:
3215:
3203:
3179:
3169:
3142:
3138:
3127:
3115:
3103:
3099:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3051:
3047:
3035:
2959:(1): 20–38.
2956:
2952:
2946:
2934:
2922:
2906:
2894:
2878:
2830:
2822:
2795:
2789:
2762:
2756:
2729:
2708:
2701:Hardy (1999)
2696:
2689:Hardy (1999)
2684:
2668:
2645:
2636:
2619:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2572:
2565:
2550:
2544:
2536:
2517:
2514:
2505:
2497:
2490:; Hao Zhida
2474:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2450:(in French)
2437:
2434:
2429:(in French)
2404:
2390:
2376:
2362:
2348:
2334:
2320:
2306:
2292:
2286:
2267:
2260:
2241:
2215:
2201:
2187:
2181:
2174:
2160:
2129:
2111:(1856–1875)
2105:Qing dynasty
2088:
2079:(1711–1799)
2073:Qing dynasty
2028:Bibliophile
2024:Ming dynasty
1989:Ming dynasty
1973:Huang Shanfu
1969:(1127–1279)
1942:
1936:
1930:
1912:
1907:
1897:
1893:
1886:Huang Shanfu
1877:
1876:, literally
1867:
1859:
1857:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1834:or from the
1831:
1827:
1821:
1817:
1793:
1787:
1782:
1766:
1764:
1754:Emperor Xuan
1749:
1746:Emperor Zhao
1733:
1725:
1718:
1700:
1688:
1675:
1673:
1656:
1650:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1609:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1581:
1575:
1557:
1547:
1529:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1416:
1402:
1381:
1357:
1350:
1326:
1317:
1315:
1294:Zhou dynasty
1288:
1279:
1277:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1237:
1235:
1209:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1142:bamboo slips
1131:
1119:
1117:
1096:(960–1279).
1094:Song dynasty
1089:
1053:
1051:
1033:
1011:
1008:Tang dynasty
999:
997:
989:
970:
968:
943:
912:
910:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
870:
860:
850:
841:Taishigongji
840:
836:
826:
824:
809:
805:
793:
791:
757:
756:
751:
750:
745:
744:
742:
717:Romanization
540:Southern Min
458:Hanyu Pinyin
420:Hanyu Pinyin
327:Southern Min
261:Romanization
207:Hanyu Pinyin
169:Hanyu Pinyin
121:Chinese name
5169:Shenyi Jing
4983:Four Perils
4882:White Tiger
4831:Yan Emperor
4581:Luoxia Hong
4444:Family tree
4329:Book of Han
4243:Xin dynasty
4142:Han dynasty
4027:Xue Juzheng
3970:Book of Sui
3934:Book of Wei
3903:Xiao Zixian
3874:Book of Jin
3838:Book of Han
3330:Works cited
2899:Kern (2010)
2675:, pp.
2423:Non-English
2238:Gladys Yang
2188:Qin Dynasty
2126:Zhang Wenhu
2083:Wu Yingdian
1868:Shiji jijie
1823:Book of Han
1721:Xia dynasty
1649:Chapter 2,
1640:Sima Rangju
1438:Huai Rivers
1367:King of Qin
1268:pitch pipes
1249:"Treatises"
1206:Han dynasty
1048:Manuscripts
936:century BC.
932:Han dynasty
767:Han dynasty
642:Korean name
585:Old Chinese
372:Old Chinese
5320:Categories
5086:Weak River
4978:Fox spirit
4596:Zhang Heng
4591:Wang Chong
4412:Government
4390:Han poetry
4039:Ouyang Xiu
4011:Ouyang Xiu
3927:Yao Silian
3915:Yao Silian
3898:Book of Qi
3609:Xu Jialu (
3588:Hou Hanshu
3573:T’oung Pao
3223:(1977) . "
2842:0231033214
2805:0253340217
2772:0192831151
2739:0231081642
2656:References
2515:Ershisishi
2502:全校全注全译全评史记
1958:Publisher
1742:Emperor Wu
1476:) and the
1128:Thucydides
1112:See also:
1084:. Several
1080:museum in
1078:Tōyō Bunko
1072:temple in
1060:temple in
1042:Gu Jiegang
769:historian
472:Wade–Giles
221:Wade–Giles
5244:Huainanzi
5141:Shi Yi Ji
5081:Red River
4931:Huli jing
4909:Fenghuang
4750:Astrology
4571:Liu Xiang
4551:Ding Huan
4518:Silk Road
4385:Old Texts
4355:Huainanzi
4316:Sima Qian
4087:Song Lian
3975:Wei Zheng
3951:Li Baiyao
3867:Chen Shou
3831:Sima Qian
3478:(2014). "
3428:(1993). "
3233:Xiao Tong
3221:Sima Qian
3139:ctext.org
3100:ctext.org
2661:Citations
2130:Sanjiazhu
1931:Sanjiazhu
1894:Sanjiazhu
1790:Liu Zhiji
1628:Qingzhong
1541:defeated
1353:Confucian
1347:Sima Qian
1024:Sima Zhen
948:Sima Qian
798:Confucius
771:Sima Qian
66:Sima Qian
4914:Yinglong
4821:Shennong
4586:Sima Tan
4546:Cai Yong
4424:Ban Chao
4416:military
4379:Yiwu Zhi
4257:Chengjia
3939:Wei Shou
3891:Shen Yue
3742:(1895),
3717:(1895),
3692:(1894),
3633:"Shiji"
3539:(2012).
3430:Shih chi
3366:11841260
3339:Shih-chi
3177:(1954).
2814:30508745
2781:28799204
2748:26674054
2614:See also
2407:(2019),
2393:(2016),
2379:(2010),
2365:(2008),
2351:(1995),
2337:(2022),
2323:(2006),
2309:(2018),
2295:(2018),
2240:(1974),
2040:Ji Gu Ge
1939:editions
1854:Editions
1810:Ban Biao
1712:—
1616:Shan Gao
1564:Changsha
1539:Quanrong
1496:and the
1456:—
1426:Kongtong
1405:Sima Tan
1389:Xiang Yu
1385:Liu Bang
1358:Liezhuan
1318:lièzhuàn
1232:"Tables"
1214:Xiang Yu
1210:de facto
1100:Contents
1076:and the
1070:Kōzan-ji
960:Chang'an
917:Sima Tan
877:period,
775:Sima Tan
526:Jyutping
302:Si2-gei3
296:Jyutping
228:Shih-chi
72:Language
5148:Bowuzhi
5076:Penglai
5066:Longmen
5014:more...
4968:Wuzhiqi
4944:(Bixie)
4841:Chang'e
4816:Youchao
4755:Dragons
4641:Fangyan
4576:Liu Xin
4561:Hua Tuo
4541:Cai Lun
4506:Coinage
4498:Economy
4434:Emperor
4429:Ma Yuan
4151:History
4101:et al.)
4089:et al.)
4077:et al.)
4075:Toqto'a
4065:et al.)
4063:Toqto'a
4053:et al.)
4051:Toqto'a
4029:et al.)
4017:et al.)
4015:Song Qi
3977:et al.)
3965:et al.)
3881:et al.)
3580:Xiongnu
3377:(ed.).
3325:Sources
3238:Wenxuan
2973:2505650
2677:463–464
2642:Wang Su
2150:English
2119:Nanjing
2030:Mao Jin
1993:Jiajing
1949:) are:
1941:of the
1919:Beijing
1624:chariot
1620:Chengma
1592:Ai Ying
1588:Zhaohun
1583:Tianwen
1572:Qu Yuan
1434:Yangtze
1363:Jing Ke
940:110 BC,
816:History
629:Chữ Hán
547:Hokkien
334:Hokkien
85:History
82:Subject
5236:Chu Ci
5117:Xirang
5051:Fusang
5031:Buzhou
5024:Places
5003:Tianma
4963:Xiezhi
4958:Hundun
4953:Horses
4846:Hou Yi
4836:Chiyou
4780:Ghosts
4566:Liu An
4556:Du Shi
4311:Ban Gu
4144:topics
3855:Fan Ye
3843:Ban Gu
3594:
3584:Hanshu
3553:
3514:
3495:
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