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445:, he maintains that the people entrust their king with certain powers to ensure the common defense and prosperity: "A people must bestow upon their ruler such powers as are necessary for him maintain laws among them and defend them against the violence of their enemies." The king, for his part, must not exceed these given powers, and "must not oppress his subjects with new taxes disproportionate to their means nor permit greedy ministers to increase the amount of ordinary taxation or to extort it by cruel methods." Echoing early Jesuit
43:
287:, with the overriding aim of acquiring, preserving, and augmenting the dominion of the state to be used for the public welfare. This way of thinking about government morality emerged at the end of the fifteenth century and remained prevalent until the eighteenth century. Botero supports the political role of the
370:
Botero states his intention to bring to light the surrepetitious discussions of "reasons of state" common in
European courts, which were frequently influenced by Niccolò Machiavelli's political thought. To Macchiavelli's instrumental, amoral principles, Botero presents an opposing Christian reason of
357:
However, Botero does adopt some aspects of
Machiavelli's thought. For instance, in 1590 Botero added a chapter that advocates all European states join the Republic of Venice in a campaign to oust the Ottoman Empire from Europe. This appeal mirrors Machiavelli's own call to drive all foreigners out of
362:. Botero also expands upon Machiavelli's idea that men, not money, are more important for preserving a political regime. Where for Machiavelli men are crucial as soldiers, Botero proclaims that both a regime's population and its martial abilities are the most crucial resources at a ruler's disposal.
375:
The prince must prostrate himself in all humility before the Divine
Majesty and acknowledge that from Him proceed the power of a ruler and the obedience of his subjects ... A Christian prince close the door of his secret council-chamber against Christ and the Gospels
404:
of his day. He suggests that
Christian rulers promote uniformity of belief by levying special taxes upon religious dissenters and new denominations, and prohibiting them from public speaking and assembly, or bearing arms. He advocates that in extreme cases, Christian rulers should uproot and
376:
and set up a reason of State contrary to God's law, as though it were a rival altar ... So great is the power of religion in government that the state can have no secure foundation without it ... Religion is the mother ... of all the virtues.
395:
Botero asserts that piety, religion and the Church (i.e. Roman
Catholicism) are indispensable to any valid reasons of state, and he considers the Church to be the foundation of virtuous behavior in both the rulers and the ruled. He perceives Islam and
371:
state, in which statesmen are responsible before God and their conscience. He rejects any reasons of state which consistently transgress God's laws. In stark contrast to
Machiavelli, Botero embraces Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church:
83:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
429:. He shows that emigration to colonies does not depopulate the mother countries, and he investigates the general circumstances which limit and determine the growth of cities.
405:
transport entire populations of religious dissenters, similar to the policies of the contemporary
Ottoman Empire against religious minorities and of the ancient Assyrian Empire
93:
330:
of 1596. Despite this success on the continent, the book was never published in
England. However a little-known contemporary English manuscript translation exists in the
449:
arguments, Botero maintains that "when a people is burdened beyond its resources, either they leave the country or turn against the ruler or go over to an enemy power."
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as threats both to the Church and to good governance in Europe. Botero believes that a political regime's religious heterogeneity will lead to civil war, as
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Della ragione di stato, libri dieci. Di
Giouanni Botero Benese, reuisti dall'autore, e arricchiti in piĂą luoghi di discorsi, e di cose memorabili etc
103:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
903:, Atti del Convegno in memoria di Luigi Firpo, Torino (8-10 marzo 1990), a cura di Artemio Enzo Baldini, Firenze 1992 (in partic. A. Tenenti,
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892:(1975). "La "Ragion di Stato" di Giovanni Botero: redazione, rifacimenti, fortuna". In Gianrenzo P. Clivio; Riccardo Massano (eds.).
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by P.J. and D.P. Waley with an introduction by D.P. Waley (London, 1956), and, more recently, by Robert
Bireley (Cambridge, 2017).
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The Literature of Political Economy: a Classified Catalogue of a Select Publications in the Different Departments of that Science
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The Only Early English Translation of Giovanni Botero’s Della ragion di stato: Richard Etherington and MS Sloane 1065
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Italian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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421:(On the Causes of the Greatness of Cities). He weighs the causes of the growth of cities along the same lines as
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in 1589 and quickly became a political bestseller, going through 15 Italian editions and translations into
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Descendre, Romain (2003). "Raison d'État, puissance et économie. Le mercantilisme de Giovanni Botero".
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The Counter-Reformation Prince: Anti-Machiavellianism or Catholic Statecraft in Early Modern Europe
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The Reason of State, and the Greatness of Cities, translated by Robert Peterson
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CiviltĂ del Piemonte. Studi in onore di Renzo Gandolfo nel suo settantacinquesimo compleanno
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Giovanni Botero ein politischer und volkswirtschaftlicher Denker der Gegenreformation
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De Mattei, Rodolfo (1941). "Critiche secentesche alla "Ragion di Stato" del Botero".
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De Mattei, Rodolfo (1943). "Origini e fortuna della locuzione "ragion di Stato"".
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Faith and Reason of State: Lessons from Early Modern Europe and Cardinal Richelieu
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Stéphane Bonnet (2003). "Botero machiavélien ou l'invention de la raison d'Etat".
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A Treatise Concerning the Causes of the Magnificencie and Greatness of Cities
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Johannis Boteri Grundlicher Bericht Anordnung guter Polizeien und Regiments
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Levi, Mario Attilio (1927). "Della Ragion di Stato di Giovanni Botero".
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Dalla "Ragion di Stato" di Machiavelli a quella di Botero
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Annali dell'Istituto superiore di Magistero del Piemonte
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The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
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Encyclopedia of Medieval Philosophy: Reason of State
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Die Idee der Staatsräson, in der neueren Geschichte
896:. Turin: Centro Studi Piemontesi. pp. 139–64.
485:The word became familiar after Giovanni Botero's
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913:Zur Rezeption von Giovanni Botero in Deutschland
570:http://www.bl.uk/eblj/2016articles/article4.html
1009:Botero, Giovanni (2017). Robert Bireley (ed.).
996:(in Italian). Rome: presso Vincenzio Pellagallo
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268:) is a work of political philosophy by Italian
822:Studi di storia e diritto in onore di A. Solmi
433:Botero on the limits of the power of the kings
118:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
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882:The Idea of Reason of State in Modern History
350:, Botero states his determined opposition to
334:. Botero's treatise has been translated into
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967:(in French). Paris: Éditions Albin Michel.
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479:"Renaissance political thought".
166:Title page from the first edition
2259:The Closing of the American Mind
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901:Botero e la "Ragion di Stato"
539:10.1007/978-1-4020-9729-4_433
2219:The Society of the Spectacle
27:1589 book by Giovanni Botero
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555:(Chapel Hill, 1990), p. 50.
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1015:Cambridge University Press
944:Descendre, Romain (2009).
923:(in French) (3): 311–321.
841:. Milan: Giuffrè: 177–192.
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863:Scritti sul Rinascimento
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2359:Philosophy of education
802:. Casale: tip. Bertero.
672:Nova Science Publishers
533:. Dordrecht: Springer.
398:Protestant Christianity
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139:For more guidance, see
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564:Trace, Jamie. (2016).
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2364:Philosophy of history
2354:Philosophy of culture
2249:A Conflict of Visions
1023:10.1017/9781316493953
798:Pozzi, Luigi (1881).
753:John Ramsay McCulloch
632:, pp. xxxiii, 5.
527:Höpfl, Harro (2011).
489:was published in 1589
483:. 1987. p. 431.
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308:Della Ragion di Stato
265:Della Ragion di Stato
186:Della Ragion di Stato
141:Knowledge:Translation
112:copyright attribution
2369:Political philosophy
2169:Democracy in America
929:10.3917/rmm.033.0311
867:Relazioni universali
861:(1934), ora in Id.,
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358:Italy at the end of
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915:, pp. 405–16).
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781:The Reason of State
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1863:de Beauvoir
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1785:Vivekananda
1775:Tocqueville
1690:Kierkegaard
1506:Ibn Khaldun
1476:Alpharabius
1367:Personalism
1276:Stewardship
1233:Reification
1228:Natural law
1149:Familialism
1115:Culturalism
719:Botero 2017
707:Botero 2017
695:Botero 2017
630:Botero 2017
618:Botero 2017
606:Botero 2017
594:Botero 2017
342:Description
303:Publication
2423:1589 books
2417:Categories
2349:Humanities
2309:Agnotology
1968:Kołakowski
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1300:Volksgeist
1281:Traditions
1095:Convention
360:The Prince
262:(Italian:
58:in Italian
2443:Treatises
2389:Sociology
2339:Historism
2048:Santayana
2018:Oakeshott
1988:MacIntyre
1973:Kropotkin
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1307:Worldview
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1174:Formation
730:Botero’s
297:economics
218:Publisher
134:talk page
86:Consider
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2083:Spengler
2058:Shariati
2013:Nussbaum
1998:Maritain
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876:(1924).
755:(1845).
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192:Language
110:provide
2143:(44 BC)
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1526:Plethon
1521:Photios
1481:Aquinas
1415:Mencius
1383:Ancient
1316:Schools
1196:Loyalty
1154:History
1142:Counter
1137:Culture
1105:Customs
815:: 1–21.
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427:Malthus
336:English
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195:Italian
132:to the
114:in the
60:.
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312:Venice
270:Jesuit
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172:Author
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1660:Hegel
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1130:Multi
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933:JSTOR
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453:Notes
320:Latin
251:Print
242:Italy
77:DeepL
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1978:Land
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283:and
233:1589
203:None
108:must
106:You
1943:Han
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