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the ugliest face there was). Fearing her husband's jealousy, Neang Seda puts the picture under the mattress when she is unexpectedly interrupted. Krong Reap's power extends to the picture and that night spikes grow from it and poke Preah Ream through the mattress. He discovers the picture and believes that it confirms his suspicion that his wife succumbed to Krong Reap's persistent attempts to bed her over the years that she was held prisoner. However, Neang Seda had resisted all Krong Reap's attempts, even that in which Krong Reap transformed himself into her husband. Only his scent had given his disguise away. Preah Ream forces his wife to take the trial of fire to prove she is still pure. Neang Seda passes the test. However, Neang Seda is deeply offended by her husband's lack of trust in her and his lack of belief in her word. She decides to leave and find refuge with
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285:. Based on the same inscription, the manuscript of this epic already existed in Cambodia as the inscription mentioned the offering of the epic's manuscript to a temple which expressed its importance in Khmer belief. On the other hand, the surviving text of Reamker dated in 16th century. Intricate carvings on the walls of
534:'s business. The bridge built, Preah Ream and Krong Reap face each other in combat. However, Krong Reap quickly regenerates and damage done to him or any body part that is cut off. It is not until one of Krong Reap's generals defects and discloses the secret to slaying the demon - an arrow in the belly button. With
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is believed to have emerged from a local development or the imagination of narrator. However, no literary work prior to 15th century has survived but numerous stone inscriptions or epigraphs have been preserved. From 15th century onward, the story of Rama became an impetus in Khmer literature, mainly
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and ascends the throne. Preah Ream suspects infidelity as his wife was captive of a very smart and manipulative demon. Trust issues between him and his wife Neang Seda arise after his wife draws a picture of Krong Reap at the insistence of her maid servant (as the demon's true face was said to be
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The first part was composed between 16th to 17th century. The earliest writing accounts for about a fifth of the first part, covering the main events of the Bālakāṇḍa and
Ayodhyakāṇḍa. It continued in the 17th century up to the episode where Ravana assembles the remnants of his army for the last
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Poems narrating the story or the fame of Rama, called
Reamker or Ramakerti appeared in the middle period of Khmer History. The surviving literary text of Reamker dated back to 16th century. This Reamker text was composed by at least three unknown authors over centuries and divided into two part.
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In the
Reamker, issues of trust, loyalty, love, and revenge play out in dramatic encounters among princes and giants, monkeys and mermaids, and a forlorn princess. Though it is understood that Preah Ream is an incarnation of the Hindu god Vishnu, his characteristics and those of the others in the
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leaves in a pagoda south of Angkor Wat temple during his monk-hood and he learnt to remember the script by heart. In 1969, Ta Chak's oral narration were recorded and his narration lasted 10 days at the rate of five hours per day. However, he died earlier before he could manage to narrate the
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realizes that mermaids were stealing stones to prevent the construction of the bridge. He was roused by this and decides to capture the mermaid princess Neang Machha but falls deeply in love with her. The mermaid likewise falls in love, and thus her mermaid army ceases to tamper in
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The second part of
Reamker was composed in 18th century deals specifically with the later history of Rama and Sita. This part includes Sita's second rejection and exile, the birth of their two sons, the meeting again, and Sita's going down to the earth.
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Many versions of
Reamker are available in Cambodia. Nowadays, Reamker is considered as Cambodian national epic which plays significant role in Cambodian literature and extends to all Cambodian art forms, from sculpture to dance drama, painting and art.
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In 1900s, Ta Krud and Ta Chak were the two old men famous for their remarkable memory and ability to narrate the whole
Reamker story orally and beautifully with gesture. In 1920, Ta Chak found voluminous manuscripts of Reamker story on
479:) who first attempts to seduce Preah Ream, and then Preah Leak. Preah Leak, annoyed by the demon's action, cuts off her ear and nose. The butchered Surpanakhar thirsting for revenge went to her ten-headed brother Krong Reap (
128:. The earliest mention of this epic's manuscript in Cambodia dates back to the 7th century based on Veal Kantel inscription (K.359). The surviving text of Reamker dates from 16th century. Reamker adapts the
915:
Asian
Variations in Ramayana: Papers Presented at the International Seminar on 'Variations in Ramayana in Asia : Their Cultural, Social and Anthropological Significance", New Delhi, January 1981
452:, being sent into exile by one of the queen mothers who wanted her own son to inherit the throne. After being sent to the forest, Preah Ream is joined by his beautiful and faithful wife Neang Seda (
242:), which dates from the beginning of the 17th century, celebrates the magnificent temple complex at Angkor and describes the bas-reliefs in the temple galleries that portray the Rāma story.
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The exact time or when was Ramaya or
Reamker text existed in Cambodia is unknown. However, plenty of art works and inscriptions mentioning the epic were made throughout ancient Cambodia (
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The exact time when was
Ramayana introduced to Cambodia is unknown, however, the earliest mentioning of the epic dated to 7th century according to a stone inscription at Veal Kantel,
456:), whom the prince won from her father by being the only Prince who successfully completed the father's challenge of firing arrows through a spinning wheel with spokes. Preah Leak (
341:). The earliest evidence regarding the presence of Ramayana text in Cambodia can be found in a 7th century inscription of Veal Kantel (K.359), where it mentioned the offering of
368:'s Ramayana. For instance, the episode of the destruction of Rama's causeway connecting Lanka by fishes and the reconstruction of this causeway as portrayed in a lintel of a
364:". Indeed, the story of Rama is present in both art and literature throughout the history of Cambodia. Cambodian Ramayana contains some incidents that could not find in
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battle with Rama. But the episode concerning Ravan's death, the rescue of Sita and her trial by fire, and the triumphant return to
Ayodhya are all missing.
210:. The complex interplay of strengths and weaknesses, though couched in episodes lined with magic, nonetheless represents a decidedly human social behavior.
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Mural depicting Preah Ream (Rama) and Preah Leak (Lakshmana), under royal umbrellas, crossing over to Lanka with their monkey army on the back of a giant.
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Bas-relief at Angkor Wat depicting the “Battle of Lanka”. Preah Ream (Rama) is standing on Hanuman, followed by his brother Preah Leak, and Vibhishana.
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is not confined to the realm of literature but extends to all Cambodian art forms, from sculpture to dance drama, painting and art. Another epic,
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the wiseman, where she gives birth to twin boys. They met their father and he immediately recognizes who they are and takes them to his palace.
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themes and shows the balance of good and evil in the world. More than just a reordering of the epic tale, the Reamker is a mainstay of the
595:. She gives birth to his two children, but fails to meet happiness at the end of the story. In the epic, she endured the trial of fire.
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415:(“The Story of Angkor Wat”) written in 1620 by Khmer author-Pang Tat (or Nak Pang), celebrating the magnificent temple complex of
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dating back nearly a millennium. Statues of the poem's heroes were worshiped in temple sanctuaries, akin to the wall paintings at
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A scene from the Reamker; a battle between Rama and Ravana performed in the courtyard of the Silver Pagoda, c. 1900s~1920s
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original. An example of a story that does not appear in Indian texts and performance is that of the encounter between
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503:, the son of the wind god, flies out to discover that the demon Krong Reap held Neang Seda prisoner on the island of
144:, it is a philosophical allegory, exploring the ideals of justice and fidelity as embodied by the protagonists, King
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Marrison, G. E. (January 1989). "Reamker (Rāmakerti), the Cambodian version of the Rāmāyaṇa.* a review article".
122:. The name means "Glory of Rama". It is the national epic of Cambodia, along with the less famous version of the
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has been an important epic in India for at least two thousand years, and Reamker is its Khmer adaptation. The
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in the epic genre, whereby the lengthy poems were composed as recitatives for the masked drama called
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story are interpreted in Cambodia as those of mere mortals, not of the gods as is the case in
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and Ramayana manuscripts to the temple as well as the daily recitation of the texts.
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and describing the bas-reliefs in the temple galleries that portray the Rama story.
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in which this scene occurs during the construction of causeway connecting Lanka.
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order his soldiers to build a bridge of stone to connect the island
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While entering the forest, Neang Seda and Preah Leak meet the
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of the epic. He is believed to be the reincarnation of the
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The Reamker plot begins with its protagonist, Preah Ream or
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in some ways, featuring additional scenes and emphasis on
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in some ways, featuring additional scenes and emphasis on
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version includes incidents and details not found in the
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Reamker is also mentioned in another literature called
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for its portrayal in Khmer dance theatre, called the
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but fell in love with him instead and bears his son
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444:A scene depicting Indra on his mount, Airavata.
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1050:- Description of Ream Ker in French
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152:. The epic is well known among the
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666:'s plans to build a bridge to
360:literally means "The Glory of
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499:to aid them in their search.
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1113:- an article by Toni Shapiro
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697:. She failed to seduce
325:Literary Text of Reamker
289:depict a scene from the
140:'s repertoire. Like the
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719:with his 18 monkey army
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601:, is the brother of
566:[preəhriːəm]
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358:Reamker (Ramakerti)-
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1868:Saptakanda Ramayana
1826:Raghunatha Ramayana
1805:Krittivasi Ramayana
1784:Jagamohana Ramayana
1429:Narantaka-Devantaka
1123:Reamker Epic Legend
918:. Sahitya Akademi.
782:Culture of Cambodia
581:and the husband of
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101:[riəmkeː]
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1870:
1869:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1552:Other figures
1549:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Akshayakumara
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1112:
1107:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1013:
998:
994:
988:
986:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
942:
940:
938:
936:
927:
925:9788126018093
921:
917:
916:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
889:
876:
868:
861:
859:
854:
844:
840:
837:
834:
832:
831:88-544-0117-X
828:
824:
822:
819:
817:
813:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
793:
790:
788:
787:Greater India
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
721:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:
700:
696:
692:
689:
686:
682:
678:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:
655:
651:
647:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:
621:
612:
608:
604:
600:
597:
594:
590:
587:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
563:
560:
559:
548:
546:
541:
537:
533:
528:
524:
520:
512:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:Surpanakhar (
474:
465:
461:
459:
455:
451:
442:
433:
429:
426:
420:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
394:
390:
386:
382:
380:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:The original
252:
243:
240:
230:
229:
224:
220:
216:
211:
209:
203:
201:
200:Suvannamaccha
197:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
169:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:
121:
118:
114:
110:
107:
102:
93:
88:
83:
78:
70:
66:
65:
56:
52:
48:
44:
42:
23:
19:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1672:Books/Kandas
1648:Dandakaranya
1554:and concepts
1537:Rishyasringa
1404:Dhanyamalini
1336:Makaradhwaja
1173:
1130:
1118:
1106:
1096:, retrieved
1094:, 2019-09-11
1091:
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1067:
1027:. Retrieved
1024:Asia Society
1023:
1000:. Retrieved
996:
951:
947:
914:
875:cite journal
660:Neang Maccha
517:
470:
447:
436:Central plot
430:
421:
412:
410:
395:
391:
387:
383:
357:
355:
328:
299:Royal Palace
283:Stueng Treng
280:
257:
226:
213:As in other
212:
204:
189:
181:Banteay Srei
157:
154:Khmer people
138:royal ballet
123:
63:
62:
61:
55:Khmer script
38:
18:
1896:Yama Zatdaw
1763:Bhaṭṭikāvya
1577:Kushadhvaja
1532:Vishvamitra
1522:Parashurama
1459:Shurpanakha
1364:Kumbhakarna
1247:Shrutakirti
1111:The Reamker
836:The Reamker
733:. He helps
729:and son of
715:to reclaim
705:Mahachompoo
691:Surpanakhar
632:Sopphanakha
609:and rescue
571:protagonist
477:Surphanakha
278:influence.
270:along with
268:South India
262:arrived to
92:Rāmākerti ̊
1928:Categories
1694:Kishkindha
1653:Kishkindha
1512:Bharadvaja
1409:Lavanasura
1359:Vibhishana
1227:Shatrughna
1192:Dasharatha
1098:2019-09-12
1073:2019-09-12
1048:Le Reamker
1029:2019-09-09
1002:2019-09-09
849:References
739:Krong Reap
735:Preah Ream
717:Neang Seda
713:Krong Reap
709:Preah Ream
699:Preah Leak
695:Krong Reap
685:Preah Ream
683:to assist
650:Neang Seda
636:Neang Seda
628:antagonist
624:Krong Reap
611:Neang Seda
607:Krong Reap
603:Preah Ream
599:Preah Leak
593:Preah Ream
589:Neang Seda
583:Neang Seda
562:Preah Ream
551:Characters
417:Angkor Wat
372:temple at
343:Mahabhrata
287:Angkor Wat
177:Angkor Wat
148:and Queen
73:រាមកេរ្តិ៍
1889:Trai Bhet
1592:Maya Sita
1527:Vasishtha
1507:Arundhati
1449:Sulochana
1399:Mandodari
1222:Lakshmana
1092:Knowledge
1020:"Reamker"
976:161831703
968:2051-2066
458:Lakshmana
307:Cambodian
221:story in
125:Trai Bhet
109:epic poem
106:Cambodian
82:Réamkértĕ
1833:Ramakien
1719:Versions
1622:Shambuka
1617:Vedavati
1587:Manthara
1567:Jambavan
1517:Kambhoja
1474:Trishira
1434:Prahasta
1424:Mayasura
1414:Malyavan
1384:Kabandha
1369:Indrajit
1346:Rakshasa
1197:Kausalya
1175:Ramayana
839:Archived
812:Archived
757:Ramakien
752:Ramayana
746:See also
672:Mudchanu
473:rakshasi
425:latanier
398:Ramayana
311:Sanskrit
303:Ramayana
295:Cambodia
291:Ramayana
276:Buddhist
272:Hinduism
260:Ramayana
223:Cambodia
192:Rāmāyana
173:Cambodia
142:Ramayana
134:Buddhist
117:Rāmāyana
113:Sanskrit
1913:Ramlila
1906:Related
1861:Reamker
1699:Sundara
1684:Ayodhya
1643:Mithila
1638:Ayodhya
1602:Shabari
1597:Sampati
1542:Valmiki
1497:Agastya
1479:Viradha
1469:Trijata
1419:Maricha
1394:Dushana
1379:Atikaya
1291:Sugriva
1286:Hanuman
1242:Mandavi
1217:Bharata
1207:Kaikeyi
1202:Sumitra
821:Reamker
727:Hanuman
723:Angkhut
681:Hanuman
677:Sugriva
664:Hanuman
646:Hanuman
545:Valmiki
540:Ayuthea
536:Hanuman
532:Hanuman
527:Hanuman
519:Hanuman
501:Hanuman
497:Hanuman
489:Sugriva
402:Hanuman
366:Valmiki
315:Hanuman
246:History
196:Hanumān
104:) is a
64:Reamker
1709:Uttara
1704:Yuddha
1689:Aranya
1631:Places
1607:Shanta
1582:Jatayu
1572:Janaka
1502:Ahalya
1464:Tataka
1454:Sumali
1444:Subahu
1439:Sarama
1354:Ravana
1331:Anjana
1326:Kesari
1301:Angada
1278:Vanara
1237:Urmila
974:
966:
922:
829:
737:fight
711:fight
668:Langka
640:Langka
579:Vishnu
577:deity
556:Humans
481:Ravana
374:Phimai
339:Angkor
337:, and
335:Chenla
168:lkhaôn
158:Lakhon
87:ALA-LC
77:UNGEGN
1658:Lanka
1489:Sages
1389:Khara
1257:Kusha
972:S2CID
575:Hindu
523:Lanka
505:Lanka
485:Lanka
370:Khmer
331:Funan
266:from
208:India
163:ល្ខោន
130:Hindu
69:Khmer
43:text.
41:Khmer
1679:Bala
1321:Nila
1316:Nala
1311:Rumā
1306:Tara
1296:Vali
1252:Lava
1232:Sita
1212:Rama
964:ISSN
920:ISBN
888:help
827:ISBN
731:Vali
493:Vali
454:Sita
450:Rama
404:and
379:Khol
362:Rama
219:Rāma
198:and
179:and
150:Sītā
146:Rāma
120:epic
956:doi
952:121
297:'s
115:'s
1930::
1090:,
1066:.
1055:^
1038:^
1022:.
1011:^
995:.
984:^
970:.
962:.
950:.
934:^
896:^
879::
877:}}
873:{{
857:^
507:.
381:.
333:,
202:.
187:.
95:;
89::
85:,
79::
75:,
71::
1166:e
1159:t
1152:v
1076:.
1032:.
1005:.
978:.
958::
928:.
890:)
886:(
869:.
741:.
687:.
656:.
642:.
613:.
231:(
160:(
67:(
57:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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