357:, Rastiz, who was rebelling against him, with little success. He returned without victory, preferring for the time being an enemy defended by strong fortifications, as it was said, rather than risk heavy losses to his own soldiers. However, his army plundered and burnt a great part of the province, and annihilated a not inconsiderable enemy force which attempted to storm the royal camp, but not without retaliation; after the king's return Rastiz and his men followed them and devastated the places near to the border across the Danube.
544:
433:
286:, the first known ruler of Moravia. His career before 846 is unknown, but it is conceivable that he served as a hostage for his uncle at Louis the German's court. The latter invaded Moravia in 846, deprived Mojmir I of his throne, and installed Rastislav as the new duke of Moravia. Rastislav seems to have already been Christian when he became duke, but there is no doubt that he was baptized at the latest in 846 as part of the conditions for his support by the
29:
344:) that seems to have been rebuilt in the previous years. Unprepared for a prolonged siege, the king was forced to withdraw from the region. As the king was retreating, his army defeated a large Moravian force that attacked his camp. Nevertheless, Rastislav's army followed the Franks and pillaged many of their estates on the river
460:
For
Rastislav, the Prince of Moravia, through God's admonition, took counsel with his Moravian princes and appealed to Emperor Michael, saying: "Though our people have rejected paganism and observe Christian law, we do not have a teacher who can explain to us in our language the true Christian faith,
603:
Svatopluk, in the meantime, entered into negotiations with
Carloman without Rastislav's knowledge, and accepted Carloman's lordship over his person and his realm. Rastislav was "beside himself with rage" when he learned of his nephew's betrayal, and arranged for assassins to strangle Svatopluk at a
495:
Louis the German was also planning to launch a major campaign against
Rastislav with the support of Boris I of Bulgaria. Although at the last minute the latter pulled out of the campaign, Louis' new expedition against Rastislav was a success. In August 864 Louis the German invaded Moravia, crossing
629:
set around
November 1 for Bavaria, where he held a meeting with his men. He ordered Rastiz to be brought before him bound with a heavy chain. Rastiz was condemned, by the judgment of the Franks and Bavarians and Slavs who had come there from various places to bring gifts to the king, to death; but
298:
In the first eight years of
Rastislav's reign there is no report of Moravian rebellion, which suggests that he remained loyal to Louis the German. In this period Rastislav seems to have acquired new territories in the east and established a border with the
551:
Early in 868 Louis the German's son
Carloman fought two successful engagements against Rastislav and returned with plunder. In August the king himself was planning to invade Moravia again, but he suddenly fell ill. Now the king's youngest son,
508:). The king apparently took Rastislav by surprise, and trapped him within the fortress. Unable to escape the Frankish siege, Rastislav surrendered, turned over a numerous high-ranking hostages and swore a new oath of fidelity.
420:, died fighting the Moravians in 861, which suggests that Carloman also had conceded this province to Rastislav. In response to the ongoing rebellion of his son and Rastislav, Louis the German negotiated a counteralliance with
484:. The Frankish clergy soon came to realize that the activities of the two Byzantine brothers represented a threat to their influence. As the Byzantine missionaries enjoyed Rastislav's protection, Louis the German dispatched
615:(Louis' capital city) while Carloman invaded Rastislav's realm and subdued all of his fortresses. Louis the German had Rastislav presented to him bound with a heavy chain. While the assembled Franks,
379:, Carloman led a new expedition against Rastislav in 858, but this campaign was also a failure, for Rastislav remained defiant. Carloman even struck an alliance with Rastislav against his father.
480:), arrived with a few disciples in Moravia in 863. The two brothers undertook the task assigned to them by using the Slavonic language for teaching and for divine mass, and Constantine even
619:, and Slavs condemned Rastislav to death for treason, the king commuted his punishment to blinding and imprisonment. Rastislav died in prison. Rastislav was canonised in 1994 by the
443:
In order to increase his maneuverability, Rastislav attempted to curtail the activities of the
Frankish missionaries in his realm. For this purpose, in around 862 he turned first to
556:, advanced on Rastislav's stronghold and burned all of his fortifications, seized treasures, and defeated all who came against him in battle. By that time, according to the
325:(apparently the Moravians) and together attack Louis the German's kingdom. In the course of the Bulgarian–Moravian attack, Louis the German deposed his prefect of the
535:
approved their Slavic translations of the
Scriptures, consecrated their Slavic disciples as priests, and even allowed them to sing the Slavic liturgy in Rome's churches.
424:. The king made it seem that he was leading a new campaign against Rastislav, but at the last moment he moved against Carloman, who thus had no choice but to surrender.
336:
In 855 the East
Frankish king gathered a large army to invade Moravia. His army, however, foundered before the walls of one of Rastislav's strongholds, perhaps at
461:
so that other countries which look to us might emulate us. Therefore, O lord, send us such a bishop and teacher; for from you good law issues to all countries"
650:
1817:
333:, who soon allied with Rastislav. The alliance suggests that, by this time, Rastislav felt secure enough to challenge Frankish overlordship.
523:, was summoned before the king, accused of conspiring with Rastislav. In late 866 Constantine and Methodius departed from Moravia for
608:. When Rastislav set out with his soldiers to hunt down his nephew, Svatopluk captured his uncle and sent him in bonds to Carloman.
391:
of the Wends, and defected from his father. With Rastiz's help he usurped a considerable part of his father's realm, as far as the
1837:
1832:
1777:
1698:
1683:
1588:
1532:
451:, in order to educate local Moravians as priests. His embassy also emphasized the need for "teachers" capable of working in
1772:
472:
Rastislav's request was granted when
Constantine and Methodius, two brothers who had learned the Slavic dialect spoken in
1782:
1827:
1716:
1657:
1633:
1609:
1570:
1551:
1509:
1488:
1467:
620:
489:
173:
1446:
485:
1676:
Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus’, c. 900–1200
1792:
1767:
1807:
1802:
670:
511:
The king's campaign, however, did not result in the subjugation of Rastislav. In 865, according to the
437:
371:
In 856 Louis the German turned over the command of the southeastern marches of his kingdom to his son,
235:
1812:
1822:
1797:
261:
156:
34:
1787:
300:
257:
130:
74:
38:
417:
1708:
The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs
699:
702:
in the period before 846 (Kirschbaum 2005, p. 26.; Kirschbaum 2007, pp. xxiv., 207., 238.).
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banquet. The latter, however, was warned of the plan and evaded death by pretending to go
8:
481:
421:
384:
372:
253:
230:, he consolidated his rule to the extent that after 855 he was able to repel a series of
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401:
305:
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98:
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1694:
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1528:
1505:
1484:
1463:
1442:
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326:
239:
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564:, ruled from his "indescribable fortress" that might be identified with Mikulčice (
452:
330:
310:
223:
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1647:
1623:
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had been "fragmented and brought to ruin" by the defection of the Moravians.
215:
46:
1459:
The Making of Christian Moravia (858-882): Papal Power and Political Reality
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Franks, Moravians, and Magyars: The Struggle for the Middle Danube, 788-907
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473:
314:
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Struggle for Empire: Kingship and Conflict under Louis the German, 817-876
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with the responsibility to hold the Moravians in check. According to the
242:
1732:
1691:
Illustrated Slovak History: A Struggle for Sovereignty in Central Europe
387:, son of Louis king of Germany, made an alliance with Rastiz, petty king
695:
612:
515:, Louis the German sent his hosts against the "Wends" (Slavs), and the
318:
1438:
The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe
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432:
169:
1666:
Sommer, Petr; Třeštík, Dušan; Žemlička, Josef; Opačić, Zoë (2007).
1396:
665:
605:
505:
444:
283:
64:
28:
597:
560:, Rastislav, who had earlier granted his "old city" to his nephew
1398:
The Slavs, Great Moravia and Us: Canonisation of Prince Rastislav
593:
573:
409:
93:
1689:
Spiesz, Anton; Caplovic, Dusan; Bolchazy, Ladislaus J. (2006).
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of all the Slavs living in the territories ruled by Rastislav,
581:
477:
345:
231:
219:
447:. Having met with no success, he then asked for "teachers" in
260:, who handed him over to the Franks. He was canonized by the
118:
528:
698:
historian Stanislav J. Kirschbaum refers to Rastislav as
568:). In 869 Pope Hadrian II who had decided to revive the
427:
353:
King Louis took an army against the Moravians and their
651:
Alternative theories of the location of Great Moravia
1483:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
527:where the pope's envoys persuaded them to come to
519:reports for the same year that Werner, a count in
218:(846–870). Although he started his reign as
1759:
1563:A History of Slovakia: The Struggle for Survival
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630:the king only ordered his eyes to be put out.
1649:Germany in the Early Middle Ages c. 800–1056
1394:
1313:
1260:
1170:
1038:
939:
859:
500:(identified, although not unanimously, with
1628:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
1604:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
1544:Medieval Slavic Lives of Saints and Princes
791:
1560:
1382:
1116:
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978:
885:
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1711:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1504:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
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611:Rastislav was dispatched under guard to
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438:Saints Cyril (Constantine) and Methodius
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256:. Rastislav was dethroned by his nephew
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293:
234:attacks. Upon his initiative, brothers
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841:
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721:
245:in 863, translated the most important
1693:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, Inc.
1455:
428:Mission of Saints Cyril and Methodius
1818:9th-century people from East Francia
1441:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
572:consecrated Methodius archbishop of
488:to Rome where he described how the
13:
1652:. London and New York: Routledge.
547:Moravia under Rastislav (in green)
14:
1849:
1581:Historical Dictionary of Slovakia
1579:Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (2007).
1561:Kirschbaum, Stanislav J. (2005).
33:Rastislav on a modern icon as an
1546:. University of Michigan Press.
621:Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church
214:) was the second known ruler of
174:Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church
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1388:
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16:Duke of Moravia from 846 to 870
1838:Nobility from medieval Bohemia
1678:; Cambridge University Press;
808:
778:
765:
752:
740:
715:
688:
482:created a script for the Slavs
1:
1833:Eastern Orthodox royal saints
1778:Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy
1395:Maříková-Kubková, Jana. "7".
709:
538:
271:
264:in 1994 and is also known as
1519:Havlík, Lubomír E. (2013) .
282:, Rastislav was a nephew of
7:
1773:9th-century dukes in Europe
1477:Bowlus, Charles R. (1995).
644:
486:Bishop Solomon of Constance
10:
1854:
1705:Vlasto, Alexis P. (1970).
1525:Chronicle of Great Moravia
1498:Goldberg, Eric J. (2006).
1427:
1401:. Academia.edu. p. 75
1011:Nelson 1991, pp. 94., 262.
671:Saints Cyril and Methodius
496:the Danube to besiege the
1783:Eastern Orthodox monarchs
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1737:
1729:
1456:Betti, Maddalena (2013).
1435:Barford, Paul M. (2001).
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84:
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1828:Eastern Orthodox martyrs
1583:. Scarecrow Press, Inc.
1527:] (in Czech). Jota.
1462:. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
681:
570:archdiocese of Illyricum
1601:The Annals of St-Bertin
1542:Kantor, Marvin (1983).
467:The Life of Constantine
262:Eastern Orthodox Church
157:Eastern Orthodox Church
1521:Kronika o Velké Moravě
642:
548:
470:
440:
407:
369:
301:First Bulgarian Empire
258:Svatopluk I of Moravia
75:Svatopluk I of Moravia
39:Slovak National Museum
1740:Duke of the Moravians
1674:Berend, Nora (2007);
625:
546:
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381:
350:
436:Modern sculpture of
294:Towards independence
124:Rastislav of Moravia
1793:Monarchs of Bohemia
1668:Bohemia and Moravia
1625:The Annals of Fulda
627:/Louis the German/
513:Annals of St-Bertin
422:Boris I of Bulgaria
402:Annals of St-Bertin
306:Annals of St-Bertin
303:. According to the
236:Cyril and Methodius
1768:9th-century deaths
1361:, pp. 299–300
1337:, pp. 286–288
1232:, pp. 280–281
1208:, pp. 154–155
1131:, pp. 271–272
1104:, pp. 109–110
1023:, pp. 266–267
936:, pp. 244–245
912:, pp. 243–244
549:
441:
1808:9th-century Slavs
1803:Moravian nobility
1756:
1755:
1747:Succeeded by
1699:978-0-86516-426-0
1684:978-0-521-87616-2
1589:978-0-8108-5535-9
1534:978-80-8561-706-1
578:Sremska Mitrovica
490:diocese of Passau
321:to ally with the
276:According to the
240:Byzantine Emperor
189:
188:
153:Venerated in
112:
111:
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1813:Dukes of Bohemia
1730:Preceded by
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762:2006, pp. 20-21.
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661:Louis the German
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311:Charles the Bald
250:liturgical books
224:Louis the German
140:Central Slovakia
114:
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108:Boso-Hosdius (?)
31:
19:
18:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1823:Slavic warriors
1758:
1757:
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1743:
1735:
1725:
1719:
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1644:Reuter, Timothy
1636:
1620:Reuter, Timothy
1612:
1573:
1554:
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1512:
1491:
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1430:
1425:
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1393:
1389:
1383:Kirschbaum 2005
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453:Slavic language
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377:Annals of Fulda
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266:Saint Rastislav
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1798:Czech nobility
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418:Lower Pannonia
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342:Czech Republic
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238:, sent by the
226:, the king of
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1665:
1661:
1659:9781317872399
1655:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1635:9780719034589
1631:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1611:9780719034251
1607:
1603:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:1-4039-6929-9
1568:
1564:
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1553:0-930042-44-1
1549:
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1511:9780801438905
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1490:9780812232769
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1469:9789004260085
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1433:
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1399:
1391:
1385:, p. 238
1384:
1379:
1373:, p. 300
1372:
1371:Goldberg 2006
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1360:
1359:Goldberg 2006
1355:
1349:, p. 288
1348:
1347:Goldberg 2006
1343:
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1335:Goldberg 2006
1331:
1325:, p. 286
1324:
1323:Goldberg 2006
1319:
1317:
1310:, p. 164
1309:
1304:
1298:, p. 282
1297:
1296:Goldberg 2006
1292:
1286:, p. 161
1285:
1280:
1274:, p. 284
1273:
1272:Goldberg 2006
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1266:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1244:, p. 281
1243:
1242:Goldberg 2006
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1231:
1230:Goldberg 2006
1226:
1220:, p. 275
1219:
1218:Goldberg 2006
1214:
1207:
1202:
1196:, p. 154
1195:
1190:
1184:, p. 273
1183:
1182:Goldberg 2006
1178:
1176:
1174:
1167:, p. 140
1166:
1161:
1155:, p. 272
1154:
1153:Goldberg 2006
1149:
1143:, p. 271
1142:
1141:Goldberg 2006
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1130:
1129:Goldberg 2006
1125:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1091:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1068:2007, p. 222.
1067:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1050:, p. 269
1049:
1048:Goldberg 2006
1044:
1042:
1035:, p. 125
1034:
1029:
1022:
1021:Goldberg 2006
1017:
1008:
1002:, p. 266
1001:
1000:Goldberg 2006
996:
990:, p. 119
989:
984:
982:
974:
969:
963:, p. 246
962:
961:Goldberg 2006
957:
951:, p. 245
950:
949:Goldberg 2006
945:
943:
935:
934:Goldberg 2006
930:
924:, p. 115
923:
918:
911:
910:Goldberg 2006
906:
900:, p. 243
899:
898:Goldberg 2006
894:
887:
882:
880:
878:
871:, p. 242
870:
869:Goldberg 2006
865:
863:
855:
850:
843:
838:
832:, p. 104
831:
826:
824:
816:
811:
805:, p. 140
804:
803:Goldberg 2006
799:
797:
795:
787:
781:
774:
768:
761:
755:
749:, p. 138
748:
747:Goldberg 2006
743:
736:
730:
724:, p. 362
723:
718:
714:
701:
697:
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664:
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659:
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656:Great Moravia
654:
652:
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463:
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419:
415:
412:, the Slavic
411:
403:
397:
396:
394:
388:
386:
380:
378:
374:
365:
359:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
334:
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328:
324:
320:
317:, bribed the
316:
312:
308:
307:
302:
291:
289:
288:East Frankish
285:
281:
280:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
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241:
237:
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83:
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66:
63:
59:
56:846–870
55:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1738:
1707:
1690:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1648:
1624:
1600:
1580:
1565:. Palgrave.
1562:
1543:
1524:
1520:
1500:
1479:
1458:
1437:
1421:, p. 64
1414:
1403:. Retrieved
1397:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1303:
1291:
1279:
1257:2006, p. 23.
1254:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1119:, p. 31
1102:Barford 2001
1097:
1092:, p. 65
1085:
1073:
1065:
1028:
1016:
1007:
995:
975:, p. 37
968:
956:
929:
917:
905:
893:
888:, p. 27
849:
844:, p. 24
837:
817:, p. 25
810:
788:2006, p. 21.
785:
780:
775:2006, p. 22.
772:
767:
759:
754:
742:
737:2006, p. 20.
734:
729:
717:
690:
628:
626:
610:
602:
586:papal legate
557:
550:
516:
512:
510:
502:Devín Castle
497:
494:
474:Thessaloniki
471:
459:
458:
442:
413:
408:
390:
383:
382:
376:
370:
356:
352:
351:
340:(now in the
335:
315:West Francia
304:
297:
277:
275:
265:
228:East Francia
211:
203:
195:
191:
190:
1750:Svatopluk I
1419:Reuter 1992
1308:Bowlus 1995
1284:Bowlus 1995
1206:Bowlus 1995
1194:Bowlus 1995
1165:Bowlus 1995
1090:Kantor 1983
1078:Vlasto 1970
1033:Bowlus 1995
988:Bowlus 1995
973:Reuter 1992
922:Bowlus 1995
842:Vlasto 1970
830:Bowlus 1995
815:Reuter 1992
722:Havlík 2013
676:Svatopluk I
623:in Prešov.
243:Michael III
61:Predecessor
1762:Categories
1448:0801439779
1405:2013-10-31
710:References
639:(year 870)
613:Regensburg
539:Last years
404:(year 861)
389:(regulus)
366:(year 855)
319:Bulgarians
313:, king of
272:Early life
1646:(2013) .
696:Slovakian
617:Bavarians
594:Pribina’s
590:Svatopluk
562:Svatopluk
393:River Inn
338:Mikulčice
309:, in 853
247:Christian
196:Rostislav
192:Rastislav
164:Canonized
131:Confessor
71:Successor
22:Rastislav
1733:Mojmír I
1622:(1992).
1598:(1991).
666:Mojmir I
645:See also
634:—
506:Slovakia
465:—
399:—
385:Karlmann
373:Carloman
361:—
327:Eastland
284:Mojmir I
254:Slavonic
232:Frankish
65:Mojmir I
35:Orthodox
1428:Sources
1253:Spiesz
1064:Sommer
784:Spiesz
771:Spiesz
758:Spiesz
733:Spiesz
606:hawking
574:Sirmium
531:. Here
410:Pribina
216:Moravia
37:saint,
1715:
1697:
1682:
1656:
1632:
1608:
1587:
1569:
1550:
1531:
1508:
1487:
1466:
1445:
1255:et al.
1066:et al.
786:et al.
773:et al.
760:et al.
735:et al.
584:) and
582:Serbia
525:Venice
478:Greece
346:Danube
331:Radbod
290:king.
220:vassal
204:Rastiz
185:11 May
170:Prešov
105:Father
1523:[
682:Notes
598:Koceľ
596:son,
323:Slavs
252:into
208:Greek
200:Latin
181:Feast
119:Saint
94:House
53:Reign
1713:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1654:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1606:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1567:ISBN
1548:ISBN
1529:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1464:ISBN
1443:ISBN
694:The
592:and
529:Rome
445:Rome
145:Died
137:Born
85:Died
1672:In:
504:in
416:of
414:dux
355:dux
222:to
194:or
172:by
148:870
88:870
1764::
1670:.
1315:^
1262:^
1172:^
1109:^
1055:^
1040:^
980:^
941:^
876:^
861:^
822:^
793:^
600:.
580:,
455:.
348:.
329:,
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206:;
202::
1721:.
1701:.
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1638:.
1614:.
1591:.
1575:.
1556:.
1537:.
1514:.
1493:.
1472:.
1451:.
1408:.
576:(
476:(
395:.
198:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
