4311:
3296:) because, the 4 ranks of consorts were already occupied but, the court official officials opposed this idea, saying that it is unprecedented on which the emperor can only have four consorts and the character chēn (宸) was used to refer the power of the emperor, thus Emperor Gaozong does not carry out his plan.In the In 662, the titles were temporarily changed to be devoid of feminine quality. This seemingly feminist change was reverted in the twelfth month of 670.The rationales were not explained in official records in both instances. However, some scholars have speculated it to be the suggestion of
4493:
4198:
2952:
4478:
299:
4638:). As such, the promotions mostly happened when an imperial consort (usually a noble consort) was hopelessly ill and the emperor wanted to console her (it was believed that a promotion was a blessing and could aid in dispelling the sickness), when the empress needed someone to assist her in managing the inner court or when the empress was dead and someone else was needed to manage the inner court.
4626:
A posthumous title (谥号;shì hào) is given to the empress and imperial noble consort after they die. The total characters in the empresses posthumous title is 16 while, there are only 2 characters in the imperial noble consort. For the empress given posthumous names, (孝; xiào) which means “filial”, is
4622:
The empress was the only legal wife of the emperor, while his other women were considered imperial concubines. When the crown prince ascended to the throne, he was allowed to posthumously promote his late wives in the ranks. A primary consort could be honored as empress, while secondary consorts and
4460:
emperors in a total of seven missions between 1408 and 1433. Xuande was the last Ming emperor to receive human tribute from Korea; with his death in 1435, 53 Korean women were repatriated. There was much speculation that the Yongle
Emperor's real mother was a Korean or Mongolian concubine. Relations
208:
governance system, aristocratic feudal lords were entitled to nine consorts in total, and cannot marry again after having nine consorts, which makes for one wife and eight concubines. For other officers, they are entitled to one wife and one concubine. For normal citizens, only one wife is allowed.
4468:
by a Muslim guard and Sayyid
Hussein from Hami. The speculation about Zhengde becoming a Muslim is remembered alongside his excessive and debauched behavior with his concubines of foreign origin. Muslim Central Asian women were favored by Zhengde like how Korean women were favored by Yongle and
4627:
always initial and ended with the emperors name (号, hào); but the emperors name is only given to the empress after the emperor died. For the imperial noble consort given posthumous name, it uses their honor names (封号; fēng hào) and added one character (either initial or last).
4712:). The empress and imperial consorts were expected to pay respect to the elders who held the positions above. However, the former emperor's low-ranked imperial concubines (noble lady, first class attendant and second class attendant) would simply be referred to as
44:
in addition to their birth order. Regardless of the age, however, it is common in
English translation to simplify this hierarchy into the three ranks of empress, consorts, and concubines. It is also common to use the term
4461:
between Ming China and Joseon Korea improved dramatically and became much more amicable and mutually profitable during Yongle's reign. Both Yongle and Xuande are said to have had a penchant for Korean cuisine and women.
4599:
and above. An emperor could have 1 empress, 1 imperial noble consort, 2 noble consorts, 4 consorts and 6 concubines at a time. The ranks of noble lady, first class attendant and second class attendant were unlimited.
5587:
He, Li; Knight, Michael; Vinograd, Richard Ellis; Bartholomew, Terese Tse; Chan, Dany; Culture, Asian Art Museum--Chong-Moon Lee Center for Asian Art and; Art, Indianapolis Museum of; Museum, St Louis Art (2008).
4581:) was typically used to refer the palace maids whose been liked by the emperor and keep them at his side attending to him but, without a formal/proper tittle. It was not part of the official ranking.
4216:
ranking system was at its simplest, and only consisted of empress, consort, and concubine. While there was only one empress at a time, there were no limits on the number of consorts or concubines.
4239:) determined her status; multiple women often lived in the same one. In the many tents that existed, the imperial consort of the first tent was considered to be the most prestigious woman.
4298:; he mentions a Chinese ruler who was an "emir" and son-in-law to the "qan" (khan) after being removed from his throne by the Mongols and he is also called "monarch of Song" (宋主;
4452:
sent a total of 114 women to the Ming dynasty, consisting of 16 virgin girls (accompanied by 48 female servants), 42 cooks, and 8 performers. The women were sent to the
5554:
3637:, governments were replaced frequently, and as a result, it is difficult for modern scholars to derive any solid information on ranking systems during these times.
5589:
4761:
are the women of the princes, on which they came from the lower background family/clans and also, it can came from the main and secondary consorts as dowry maids.
40:
but remained important throughout owing to its prominence in the management of the inner court and in imperial succession, which ranked heirs according to the
128:
society, the system listed in that work of literature cannot be taken word for word. Rather, it offers a rough glimpse into the inner palace during the time.
6094:
5477:
4653:). In the cases when the new emperor's birth mother was one of the former emperor's concubines she would also become empress dowager and would be known as
4661:), as well as being posthumously honored as empress. An empress dowager who lived through the reigns of at least two subsequent emperors would be called
634:
No limits were set for these imperial consorts. This later created situations when more than 20,000 women were living in the palace during the reigns of
17:
4254:. The entry of Korean women into the Yuan court was reciprocated by the entry of Yuan princesses into the Goryeo court, beginning with the marriage of
4250:, who, through her political command and incorporation of Korean females and eunuchs in the court, spread Korean clothing, food, and lifestyle in the
187:
It was suggested that a system (not necessarily resembling the one listed above) was set up to prevent the situation of having two queens/empresses.
4446:, and virgin girls came from China's various ethnic tribes, as well as Mongolia, Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Central Asia, Siam, Champa, and Okinawa.
3292:
Emperor
Gaozong wants to create and promote Lady Wu, who ranked currently as Lady Wu of Bright Deportment (武昭儀; Wū Zhāoyí) to Royal Consort (宸妃,
6634:
4592:
holds the record for having the fewest, with one empress, one noble consort, one consort and one noble lady — a total of 4 imperial consorts.
6505:
6366:
6273:
5510:
4584:
The system was solid, but the number of imperial consorts an emperor actually had during the Qing dynasty is subject to wild variations. The
4219:
Although the number of ranks were few, there existed a sub-system of ranking by prestige inside the Yuan harem. An imperial consort's tent (
72:) held the highest rank and was the legal wife of the emperor, as well as the chief of the imperial harem and "mother of the nation" (母后天下;
6605:
6600:
6595:
6530:
6401:
4619:). All people were expected to use deprecating self-titles when addressing higher ranked people and imperial consorts were no different.
6025:
5852:
41:
6525:
6479:
6087:
5690:
Weidner, Marsha Smith; Berger, Patricia Ann; Art, Helen
Foresman Spencer Museum of; Francisco, Asian Art Museum of San (1994).
4607:
and above would be given a residence in the main section of a palace in the
Forbidden City and become its palace mistress (主位,
3634:
5999:
5972:
5945:
5918:
5864:
5837:
5097:
1951:, no specific ranking system for imperial consorts were devised, due to his desire to live a simple life. It was only during
6429:
6414:
6164:
6080:
104:. It could be a female cousin or sister of the bride, or people from other countries (not necessarily from another race).
5113:
49:", an Arabic loan word used in recent times to refer to imperial women's forbidden quarters in many countries. In later
6652:
6434:
5803:
5070:
4623:
mistresses could be elevated to any of the seven other ranks (from second class attendant to imperial noble consort).
5131:
6323:
6056:
5891:
5769:
5735:
5701:
5667:
5633:
5599:
5564:
5487:
5453:
5414:
5381:
5347:
5313:
5279:
5245:
5211:
5174:
5141:
5026:
4936:
4902:
4837:
4811:
5853:
Association for Asian
Studies. Ming Biographical History Project Committee; Luther Carrington Goodrich; 房兆楹 (1976).
5693:
Latter Days of the Law: Images of
Chinese Buddhism, 850 - 1850; [exhibition, August 27 - October 9 1994 ...]
2975:
were organized in eight or nine ranks, in addition to the empress. They were also called the "inner officials" (內官;
6424:
5018:
Marriage as
Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty
6657:
2208:
1053:
6610:
6572:
6555:
6306:
4989:
2305:
4827:
6590:
6520:
6464:
4276:; they had one son, Zhao Wanpu, who was only exiled after Emperor Gong's death due to his mother's ancestry.
2619:
2154:
2142:
76:) which translates to ”imperial mother of all under heaven”. She was also known as the "central palace" (中宮;
6510:
6268:
50:
6672:
2726:) to manage ceremonial affairs in the inner palace. The system was based on similar systems of the past.
4611:), and when being addressed by lower ranked imperial consorts and servants, she would have to be called
6349:
6157:
5051:"Chapter 6 The Journey of Zhao Xian and the Exile of Royal Descendants in the Yuan Dynasty (1271 1358)"
4019:
1528:
6567:
6263:
6026:
https://www.tumblr.com/guzhuangheaven/185308453590/what-is-the-titles-of-a-princes-wife-and-concubine
4994:
1667:
914:
5539:
4310:
100:) during early historical times in China. These were people who came along with brides as a form of
6662:
6301:
6192:
6147:
3471:
2153:). However, there existed an unwritten, subjective system of prestige. It was during the reign of
6390:
4984:
3789:
3147:
2964:
2960:
4512:
system was one of the simplest systems in
Chinese history. Officially, there were eight ranks:
4289:
1185:
5989:
5854:
5827:
5793:
5691:
5445:
A Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail: Ming China and the First Great East Asian War, 1592-1598
5404:
5371:
5303:
5235:
5164:
5087:
5050:
5016:
4926:
4860:
The table is after Wu Jo-shui's "Empress Wu and Proto-Feminist Sentiments in T'ang China," in
6409:
6311:
6233:
6197:
5962:
5935:
5908:
5759:
5725:
5657:
5623:
5526:
5443:
5337:
5269:
5201:
4892:
1686:) were elevated to independent categories, just beneath the empress. In 489, the position of
5881:
6667:
4294:
4269:
4255:
1324:
312:
8:
6474:
6459:
6253:
4877:
4220:
2778:
1952:
1739:
639:
635:
400:
84:). Every dynasty had its set of rules regarding the numerical composition of the harem.
6582:
6125:
4492:
4481:
4228:
2734:
1948:
716:
222:
6484:
6469:
6419:
6228:
6137:
6120:
6052:
5995:
5968:
5941:
5914:
5887:
5860:
5833:
5799:
5765:
5731:
5697:
5663:
5629:
5595:
5560:
5483:
5449:
5410:
5377:
5343:
5309:
5275:
5241:
5207:
5170:
5137:
5093:
5066:
5022:
4932:
4898:
4833:
4807:
4281:
591:
456:
446:
436:
426:
316:
6218:
6202:
6142:
6112:
5058:
4485:
4464:
Central Asian concubines, mostly of Uighur and Mongol origin, were provided to the
2951:
1060:
37:
5594:. Asian Art Museum--Chong-Moon Lee Center for Asian Art and Culture. p. 153.
6489:
6046:
4801:
4757:
is the second wife of the prince, on which only two can occupy the position. The
4589:
4501:
4465:
4272:
surrendered to the Mongols in 1276 and was married off to a Yuan princess of the
31:
6014:
4496:
Imperial Noble Consort Keshun, better known as Consort Zhen or popularly as the
4205:
6379:
6374:
6316:
6248:
6130:
6104:
6072:
4595:
There were limits placed on how many imperial consorts could hold the ranks of
4585:
4457:
4453:
4318:
651:
5062:
4630:
An emperor would be careful when promoting an imperial consort to the rank of
124:
is considered by modern scholars to be merely a fictitious constitution for a
6646:
6454:
6152:
4803:
Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Han to Liao
4497:
4263:
4197:
2486:
1732:
238:
116:
108:
4753:
is the official wife of the prince and only one can have this position. The
6535:
6384:
4509:
4326:
4277:
4213:
3961:
3735:
2972:
2666:
2656:
2204:
2135:
1941:
556:
80:). In addition, the emperor would typically have other imperial women (嬪妃;
4588:
holds the record for having the most imperial consorts with 79, while the
3726:
Whether there were any limits to the holders of these titles are unknown.
120:
contains great details of a royal consort ranking system. However, as the
6560:
6344:
6223:
6169:
4314:
4262:; in total, nine princesses of the Yuan imperial family married into the
4259:
2730:
2686:
2272:
1521:
218:
4672:
The other imperial consorts of the former emperor would be addressed as
6515:
4641:
An empress who outlived her husband would become empress dowager (皇太后;
4317:, better known as Empress Xiaogongzhang, was the second empress of the
4247:
4201:
3641:
2646:
2636:
2626:
6258:
6243:
4251:
3297:
2956:
2677:
In addition, there was an innumerable number of women in the palace.
2145:, the ranking system was very simple, and only contained the rank of
200:
2622:, five empresses were created (unprecedented by Chinese standards):
61:). In Chinese, the system is called the "rear palace system" (後宮制度;
6354:
6339:
4273:
204:
4872:
4870:
4573:
There was no fixed number of holders for the three lowest ranks.
4477:
802:
665:
658:
6238:
5883:
Telling Stories: Witchcraft And Scapegoating in Chinese History
4449:
4443:
4243:
125:
111:, there were times when two queens existed at the same period.
5937:
Ming China, 1368-1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire
5761:
Ming China, 1368-1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire
5727:
Ming China, 1368-1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire
5339:
Defining Yongle: Imperial Art in Early Fifteenth-century China
5271:
Ming China, 1368-1644: A Concise History of a Resilient Empire
5053:. In Heirman, Ann; Meinert, Carmen; Anderl, Christoph (eds.).
4867:
298:
36:
The ranks of imperial consorts have varied over the course of
6278:
5237:
Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics
101:
46:
6034:
42.</ref>Zizhi Tongjian (1084), vol. 203 </ref>
4484:, better known as Consort Ling was the third empress of the
6283:
5586:
4862:
Imperial Rulership and Cultural Change in Traditional China
4232:
2722:
There also existed a system of female palace officers (女官;
1694:) was added to fill the gap created upon the elevation of
5689:
5556:
The Teleology of the Modern Nation-state: Japan and China
5964:
China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia
5846:
4680:) according to their rank. A concubine would be called
4634:
because this rank was considered a deputy empress (副后;
2967:, as well as the only female emperor in Chinese history
5792:
Schirokauer, Conrad; Brown, Miranda (6 January 2012).
4964:
4864:. Seattle: University of Washington press, pp. 77-116.
4931:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 200.
4782:"Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's
53:, these quarters were known as the inner palace (內宮;
5129:
4246:
provided women to the Yuan dynasty. One of them was
5591:
Power and glory: court arts of China's Ming dynasty
5055:
Buddhist Encounters and Identities Across East Asia
4894:
Empire's Twilight: Northeast Asia Under the Mongols
4204:(Mongolian: Öljei Khutuk) was the third empress of
4952:
3628:
2157:that the system listed below came into existence:
1052:
5987:
5910:The Oxford Handbook of the History of Consumption
5832:. University of California Press. pp. 213–.
5559:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 209.
5085:
4329:system was simple with five commonly used ranks:
2211:reformed the ranking system to the system below:
140:states that kings are entitled to the following:
6644:
6102:
5791:
5513:. Arts of Asia Publications. 1 January 2008: 120
5305:Concubinage and Servitude in Late Imperial China
4829:Concubinage and Servitude in Late Imperial China
4704:) and an imperial noble consort would be called
1955:'s reign that a ranking system came into being:
5933:
5906:
5336:Watt, James C. Y.; Leidy, Denise Patry (2005).
4723:A prince's harem consists of only three ranks:
2447:Lower Concubine of Conducive Splendidness (順華;
2440:Lower Concubine of Congealed Splendidness (凝華;
2278:In the beginning, there were only three ranks:
92:There existed a class of royal consorts called
5960:
5879:
5662:. University of Washington Press. p. 20.
2649:(陳月儀), Great Central Heavenly Empress (天中大皇后;
2629:(楊麗華), Primary Great Heavenly Empress (天元大皇后;
2426:Lower Concubine of Proclaimed Brightness (宣明;
6506:Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers
6088:
6015:https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&res=98755
5900:
5476:Forges, Roger V. Des; Major, John S. (2005).
2781:, the ranking system was expanded yet again:
2433:Lower Concubine of Congealed Brightness (凝暉;
6051:, Macmillan International Higher Education,
5859:. Columbia University Press. pp. 309–.
5825:
5659:Perpetual Happiness: The Ming Emperor Yongle
5448:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 44.
2689:, there existed a simple system of ranking:
2669:(元樂尚), Great Right Heavenly Empress (天右大皇后;
2659:(尉遲熾繁), Great Left Heavenly Empress (天左大皇后;
190:
5994:. Harvard University Press. pp. 657–.
5927:
5696:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 107.
5475:
5057:. Leiden, Netherlands: BRILL. p. 213.
2403:Upper Concubine of Bright Instruction (昭訓;
654:period, Cao Wei used the following system:
131:
6095:
6081:
5967:. Harvard University Press. pp. 64–.
5954:
5940:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 47–.
5819:
5628:. Cambridge University Press. p. 47.
5342:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 12.
5079:
2454:Lower Concubine of Light Instruction (光訓;
6623:
6480:Grand coordinator and provincial governor
5376:. Harvard University Press. p. 594.
5335:
5162:
2979:), as opposed to "palace officials" (宮官;
2419:Lower Concubine of Proclaimed Honor (宣徽;
2325:1 Right Lady of Beautiful Blooming (右娥英;
1670:ascended to the throne, the positions of
107:Worth noting is the fact that during the
5981:
5873:
5829:Peking: Temples and City Life, 1400-1900
5764:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 39.
5730:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 34.
5482:. Oxford University Press. p. 152.
5437:
5435:
5433:
5274:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 39.
4897:. Harvard University Press. p. 48.
4890:
4806:, Rowman & Littlefield, p. 11,
4790:, Vol. 8, No. 2, Fall 2001, pp. 358–363.
4491:
4476:
4309:
4242:As with all parts of the Mongol Empire,
4196:
2950:
2345:1 Right Lady of Bright Deportment (右昭儀;
2319:1 Left Lady of Beautiful Blooming (左娥英;
1932:Lady Who Can Safeguard a Multitude (保林;
1716:Lady Who Can Safeguard a Multitude (保林;
535:Lady Who Can Safeguard a Multitude (保林;
297:
68:No matter the dynasty, the empress (皇后;
6633:was invoked but never defined (see the
5856:Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368-1644
5795:A Brief History of Chinese Civilization
5757:
5723:
5267:
4924:
2339:1 Left Lady of Bright Deportment (左昭儀;
14:
6645:
5195:
5193:
5086:Hugh Dyson Walker (20 November 2012).
4284:identified references to Zhao Xian in
3606:10 Ladies of Inherent Excellence (承徽;
3365:Recipient from the Inner Chamber (承閨;
2228:Right Lady of Bright Deportment (右昭儀;
2174:Right Lady of Bright Deportment (右昭儀;
1160:Lady of Everlasting Splendidness (傛華;
6076:
6044:
5622:Chase, Kenneth Warren (7 July 2003).
5621:
5552:
5441:
5430:
4970:
4958:
4603:A woman who had attained the rank of
2864:Lady of Cultivated Splendidness (修華;
2737:expanded the ranks to the following:
2639:(朱滿月), Great Heavenly Empress (天大皇后;
2222:Left Lady of Bright Deportment (左昭儀;
2168:Left Lady of Bright Deportment (左昭儀;
2089:Lady of Sufficient Splendidness (充華;
2045:Lady of Cultivated Splendidness (修華;
1876:Lady of Sufficient Splendidness (充華;
1832:Lady of Cultivated Splendidness (修華;
1635:Lady of Sufficient Splendidness (充華;
1461:Lady of Sufficient Splendidness (充華;
1417:Lady of Cultivated Splendidness (修華;
1292:Lady of Sufficient Splendidness (充華;
1167:Lady of Sufficient Splendidness (充華;
1021:Lady of Sufficient Splendidness (充華;
668:(who was not an emperor but a king):
5655:
5369:
5233:
5014:
4832:, Lexington Books, p. 296 n.3,
4112:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
3996:5 Ladies of Conducive Ceremony (順儀;
3975:2 Ladies of Beautiful Ceremony (麗儀;
3894:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
3613:16 Ladies of Clear Instruction (昭訓;
3233:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
3066:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
2857:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
2389:Upper Concubine of Great Honor (隆徽;
2059:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
1846:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
1593:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
1431:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
1139:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
993:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
858:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
779:Lady of Humble Accomplishments (順成;
758:Lady of Cultivated Countenance (修容;
503:Courtier of Miscellaneous Uses (五官;
6628:
6498:
5656:Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (July 2001).
5442:Swope, Kenneth M. (29 April 2013).
5301:
5199:
5190:
5048:
4878:"nüguan 女官 (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
4696:), a noble consort would be called
4442:Human tribute, including servants,
4149:9 Ladies of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
4105:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
4010:7 Ladies of Peaceful Ceremony (和儀;
4003:6 Ladies of Fragrant Ceremony (芳儀;
3887:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
3620:24 Ladies of Decorous Service (奉儀;
3599:6 Ladies of Filial Excellence (良嬡;
3492:Consort of Conferred Kindness (惠妃;
3270:9 Ladies of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
3226:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
3103:9 Ladies of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
3059:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
2885:Lady of Complete Splendidness (充華;
2850:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
2587:Lady of Imperial Gracefulness (禦婉;
2396:Upper Concubine of Light Plan (光猷;
2082:Lady of Flowering Countenance (容華;
2052:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
1869:Lady of Flowering Countenance (容華;
1839:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
1628:Lady of Flowering Countenance (容華;
1586:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
1454:Lady of Flowering Countenance (容華;
1424:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
1285:Lady of Flowering Countenance (容華;
1146:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
1000:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
865:Lady of Cultivated Deportment (修儀;
510:Lady of Complaisant Constancy (順常;
24:
18:Ranks of imperial consorts in China
5625:Firearms: A Global History to 1700
5409:. M.E. Sharpe. 2001. p. 661.
4133:Lady of Complete Countenance (充容;
3845:Lady of Conducive Appearance (順容;
3729:
3254:Lady of Complete Countenance (充容;
3087:Lady of Complete Countenance (充容;
2878:Lady of Complete Countenance (充容;
2024:Lady of Flowering Brightness (昭華;
1811:Lady of Flowering Brightness (昭華;
1579:Lady of Splendid Cultivation (修華;
1132:Lady of Splendid Cultivation (修華;
1014:Lady of Splendid Countenance (容華;
986:Lady of Splendid Cultivation (修華;
879:Lady of Splendid Countenance (傛華;
772:Lady of Splendid Countenance (容華;
700:Lady of Splendid Countenance (容華;
441:Lady of Splendid Countenance (容華;
25:
6684:
5907:Frank Trentmann (22 March 2012).
5826:Susan Naquin (16 December 2000).
5798:. Cengage Learning. p. 187.
4928:Eurasian Influences on Yuan China
4126:Lady of Complete Deportment (充衣;
3989:4 Ladies of Bright Ceremony (昭儀;
3915:Lady of Complete Countenance(充容;
3908:Lady of Complete Deportment (充儀;
3859:Lady of Graceful Appearance (婉容;
3247:Lady of Complete Deportment (充儀;
3080:Lady of Complete Deportment (充儀;
2894:12 Ladies Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
2871:Lady of Complete Deportment (充儀;
2836:Lady of Supportive Wellness (順容;
2601:Lady of Middle Gracefulness (中婉;
2548:Lady of Bright Splendidness (昭化;
1396:Lady of Flowering Luminance (昭華;
1271:Lady of Flowering Luminance (昭華;
851:Lady of Flowering Luminance (昭華;
645:
529:Lady Who Pleases the Spirit (娛靈;
523:Lady of Reverent Gentleness (共和;
451:Lady of Complete Deportment (充衣;
6629:Cite error: The named reference
5308:. Lexington Books. p. 285.
4786:with Pei Songzhi's Commentary".
4714:palace woman of the late emperor
4647:imperial mother, empress dowager
4387:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
4091:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
3873:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
3838:Lady of Conducive Ceremony (順儀;
3648:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
3543:Lady of Conducive Ceremony (順儀;
3212:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
3045:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
2829:Lady of Conducive Wellness (順儀;
2608:Lady of Lower Gracefulness (下婉;
2594:Lady of Upper Gracefulness (上婉;
2485:
2188:Lady of the Pepper Chamber (椒房;
2031:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
1818:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
1410:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
1264:Lady of Bright Countenance (昭容;
87:
6019:
6008:
5961:Peter C Perdue (30 June 2009).
5785:
5751:
5717:
5683:
5649:
5615:
5580:
5546:
5503:
5469:
5397:
5363:
5329:
5295:
5261:
5227:
5156:
5133:The eunuchs in the Ming dynasty
5123:
5114:"ScholarBank@NUS: Terms of Use"
5106:
5042:
5008:
4982:
4976:
4851:Zizhi Tongjian (1084), vol. 199
4380:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
4373:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
4119:Lady of Cultivated Beauty (修媛;
4084:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
3982:3 Ladies of Warm Ceremony (淑儀;
3931:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
3901:Lady of Cultivated Beauty (修媛;
3866:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
3831:Lady of Graceful Ceremony (婉儀;
3817:Lady of Imperial Ceremony (妃儀;
3676:First Lady of His Majesty (禦正;
3655:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
3635:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
3629:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
3557:Lady of Fragrant Ceremony (芳儀;
3550:Lady of Graceful Ceremony (婉儀;
3529:Lady of Virtuous Ceremony (德儀;
3240:Lady of Cultivated Beauty (修媛;
3205:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
3073:Lady of Cultivated Beauty (修媛;
3038:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
2843:Lady of Splendid Wellness (順華;
2134:
2103:Lady of Propitious Honour (列榮;
2075:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
2038:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
1947:Initially, during the reign of
1890:Lady of Propitious Honour (列榮;
1862:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
1825:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
1475:Lady of Propitious Honour (列榮;
1447:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
1403:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
1278:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
1257:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
1153:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
1054:Northern and Southern dynasties
1007:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
872:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
844:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
765:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
751:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
693:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
686:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
431:Lady of Youthful Fairness (娙娥;
421:Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
414:Lady of Bright Deportment (昭儀;
6307:Three Lords and Nine Ministers
5136:. SUNY Press. pp. 14–15.
5092:. AuthorHouse. pp. 259–.
4990:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
4918:
4884:
4854:
4845:
4819:
4793:
4776:
4706:imperial noble consort dowager
4427:Lady of Selected Service (選侍;
4286:The Successors of Genghis Khan
4177:27 Ladies of His Majesty (禦女;
3803:Lady of Highest Ceremony (太儀;
3690:Lady of Honorable Talent (懿才;
3640:However, it is known that the
3346:Propagator of Deportment (宣儀;
3131:27 Ladies of His Majesty (禦女;
2931:24 Ladies of His Majesty (禦女;
2769:81 Ladies of His Majesty (禦女;
2714:38 Ladies of His Majesty (禦女;
2271:
2017:Lady of Pure Countenance (淑容;
1804:Lady of Pure Countenance (淑容;
1651:Lady of Mediocre Talent (中才人;
1520:
1491:Lady of Mediocre Talent (中才人;
1389:Lady of Pure Countenance (淑容;
1308:Lady of Mediocre Talent (中才人;
1044:Lady of Mediocre Talent (中才人;
917:, the ranks were as follows:
585:
547:Lady of Night Attendance (夜者;
306:
13:
1:
6521:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
5302:Hua, Hsieh Bao (2014-06-18).
5240:. Columbia University Press.
5130:Shih-shan Henry Tsai (1996).
5015:Zhao, George Qingzhi (2008).
4764:
4688:), a consort would be called
4523:Imperial Noble Consort (皇貴妃;
4340:Imperial Noble Consort (皇貴妃;
4140:Lady of Complete Beauty (充媛;
3922:Lady of Complete Beauty (充媛;
3852:Lady of Warm Appearance (淑容;
3711:Lady of Honorable Moral (懿德;
3536:Lady of Worthy Ceremony (賢儀;
3261:Lady of Complete Beauty (充媛;
3094:Lady of Complete Beauty (充媛;
2557:Lady of Imperial Beauty (禦媛;
2010:Lady of Pure Deportment (淑儀;
1797:Lady of Pure Deportment (淑儀;
1614:Lady of Pure Deportment (淑儀;
1382:Lady of Pure Deportment (淑儀;
233:), which became Empress (皇后;
5913:. OUP Oxford. pp. 47–.
4769:
4655:sage mother, empress dowager
4565:Second Class Attendant (答應;
3810:Lady of Noble Ceremony (貴儀;
3592:2 Ladies of Excellence (良娣;
3358:Lady Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
2955:Empress Wu, better known as
1621:Lady Handsome Fairness (婕妤;
7:
5370:Mote, Frederick W. (2003).
5021:. Peter Lang. p. 204.
4891:Robinson, David M. (2009).
4784:Records of the Three States
4558:First Class Attendant (常在;
4170:27 Ladies of Treasure (寶林;
4098:Lady of Bright Beauty (昭媛;
3880:Lady of Bright Beauty (昭媛;
3824:Lady of Warm Ceremony (淑儀;
3662:Lady of Bright Beauty (昭媛;
3644:used the following system:
3522:Lady of Pure Ceremony (淑儀;
3219:Lady of Bright Beauty (昭媛;
3124:27 Ladies of Treasure (寶林;
3052:Lady of Bright Beauty (昭媛;
2938:37 Ladies of Elegance (採女;
2924:24 Ladies of Treasure (寶林;
2571:Lady of Middle Beauty (中媛;
2359:Madame of Great Moral (弘德;
2096:Lady of Inherit Glory (承徽;
1883:Lady of Inherit Glory (承徽;
1468:Lady of Inherit Glory (承徽;
1250:Lady of Pure Ceremony (淑儀;
1125:Lady of Pure Ceremony (淑儀;
1059:
979:Lady of Pure Ceremony (淑儀;
517:Lady Without Impurity (舞涓;
42:prominence of their mothers
27:Hierarchy in Imperial China
10:
6689:
6350:Bureau of Military Affairs
6274:Territorial administration
6158:Heirloom Seal of the Realm
6045:Hwang, Kyung Moon (2016),
6037:
5988:Frederick W. Mote (2003).
4788:China Review International
3422:Consecrated Provider (供奉;
2901:15 Hereditary Ladies (世婦;
2762:27 Hereditary Ladies (世婦;
2578:Lady of Lower Beauty (下媛;
2564:Lady of Upper Beauty (上媛;
2518:Great Noble Consort (長貴妃;
2463:27 Hereditary Ladies (世婦;
2373:Madame of High Moral (崇德;
2366:Madame of Just Moral (正德;
1688:lady of bright countenance
657:
172:27 Hereditary Ladies (世婦;
57:) or the rear palace (後宮;
29:
6653:Chinese imperial consorts
6581:
6568:Embroidered Uniform Guard
6548:
6447:
6400:
6365:
6332:
6294:
6211:
6185:
6111:
5758:Dardess, John W. (2012).
5724:Dardess, John W. (2012).
5553:Fogel, Joshua A. (2005).
5479:The Asian World, 600-1500
5268:Dardess, John W. (2012).
5063:10.1163/9789004366152_008
4995:Academy of Korean Studies
4434:Woman of Gentleness (淑女;
3515:6 Ladies of Ceremony (儀;
3499:Magnificent Consort (麗妃;
3434:Lady of His Majesty (御女;
3384:Recipient of Edicts (承旨;
3327:Patroness in Virtue (贊德;
2971:Imperial consorts of the
2707:9 Hereditary Ladies (世婦;
2003:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
1925:Bride of Excellence (良娣;
1790:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
1709:Bride of Excellence (良娣;
1607:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
1375:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
1243:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
1118:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
972:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
837:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
744:Lady of Pure Beauty (淑媛;
570:Bride of Excellence (良娣;
541:Gentle Waiting Lady (良使;
496:Junior Waiting Lady (少使;
489:Senior Waiting Lady (長使;
391:Junior Waiting Lady (少使;
384:Senior Waiting Lady (長使;
285:Junior Waiting Lady (少使;
278:Senior Waiting Lady (長使;
191:Ranking system for others
6531:Administrative divisions
5934:John W. Dardess (2012).
5234:Wang, Yuan-kang (2010).
5166:조선 사람의 세계여행 (규장각 교양총서05)
5089:East Asia: A New History
4925:Rossabi, Morris (2013).
4800:MacMahon, Keith (2013),
4734:Secondary Consort (侧福锦;
4645:) and would be known as
4184:27 Selected Ladies (採女;
4163:9 Ladies of Talent (才人;
4156:9 Ladies of Beauty (美人;
4033:2 Primary Consorts (元妃;
4018:
3573:7 Ladies of Talent (才人;
3566:4 Ladies of Beauty (美人;
3441:Coiffure Attendant (恃櫛;
3284:9 Ladies of Talent (才人;
3277:9 Ladies of Beauty (美人;
3138:27 Selected Ladies (採女;
3117:9 Ladies of Talent (才人;
3110:9 Ladies of Beauty (美人;
2685:At the beginning of the
2504:), later 3 Consorts (妃;
2126:Lady of Gentleness (良人;
1906:Lady of Gentleness (良人;
1731:
1512:Favoured Assistant (充衣;
1505:Lady of Gentleness (良人;
1315:Favoured Assistant (充衣;
893:Lady of Gentleness (良人;
793:Lady of Gentleness (良人;
619:Lady of the Palace (宮人;
468:Lady of Gentleness (良人;
363:Lady of Gentleness (良人;
257:Lady of Gentleness (良人;
132:Ranking system for kings
6391:Secretariat-Chancellery
5991:Imperial China 900-1800
5880:B. J. ter Haar (2006).
5373:Imperial China 900-1800
4826:Hsieh, Bao Hua (2014),
4500:, was a consort of the
4472:
4305:
4192:
3960:
3734:
3403:Guardian Immortal (衛仙;
2946:
2195:Passing Attendant (中式;
1940:
6658:Chinese imperial harem
5886:. BRILL. pp. 4–.
5534:Cite journal requires
4632:imperial noble consort
4613:your imperial highness
4505:
4489:
4409:For the crown prince:
4322:
4290:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
4227:; translated from the
4209:
4061:Virtuous Consort (德妃;
3784:Imperial Consort (宸妃;
3770:Virtuous Consort (德妃;
3506:Splendid Consort (華妃;
3415:Lady of Treasure (寶林;
3182:Virtuous Consort (德妃;
3015:Virtuous Consort (德妃;
2968:
2813:Virtuous Consort (德妃;
2680:
2525:Virtuous Consort (德妃;
2412:Lower Concubines (下嬪;
2382:Upper Concubines (上嬪;
908:
303:
293:
212:
6465:Imperial Commissioner
6410:Ministry of Personnel
6312:Three Ducal Ministers
6234:Imperial examinations
6198:Mandarin (bureaucrat)
5406:The Taiping Rebellion
4741:Side Concubines (格格;
4698:noble consort dowager
4663:grand empress dowager
4495:
4480:
4413:Crown Princess (太子妃;
4313:
4200:
3718:Lady of Promise (宣一;
3704:Precious Flower (瑤芳;
3669:Missionary Lady (出使;
3585:Crown Princess (太子妃;
3460:Towel Attendant (恃巾;
2954:
2534:3 Lady Officials (㚤;
2256:Hereditary Lady (世婦;
2249:Sixth Concubine (六嬪;
2242:Third Concubine (三嬪;
1980:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
1767:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
1549:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
1352:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
1213:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
1081:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
935:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
823:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
737:Noble Concubine (貴嬪;
482:Harmonious Lady (七子;
377:Harmonious Lady (七子;
301:
271:Harmonious Lady (七子;
6573:Qing Imperial Guards
6556:Tang Imperial Guards
5206:(in Korean). 역사의아침.
4420:Lady of Talent (才人;
4401:Lady of Beauty (美人;
4369:Other known titles:
4270:Emperor Gong of Song
3945:Lady of Talent (才人;
3938:Lady of Beauty (美人;
3396:Lady of Talent (才人;
3377:Lady of Beauty (美人;
3189:Worthy Consort (賢妃;
3146:During the reign of
3022:Worthy Consort (賢妃;
2983:), the bureaucracy.
2915:Lady of Talent (才人;
2908:Lady of Beauty (美人;
2777:During the reign of
2748:3 Noble Ladies (貴人;
2618:During the reign of
2470:Lady of Talent (才人;
2332:1 Pure Consort (淑妃;
2141:During the reign of
2119:Lady of Talent (才人;
2112:Lady of Beauty (美人;
1913:Lady of Talent (才人;
1899:Lady of Beauty (美人;
1738:During the reign of
1723:Lady of Talent (才人;
1658:Lady of Talent (才人;
1644:Lady of Beauty (美人;
1498:Lady of Talent (才人;
1484:Lady of Beauty (美人;
1301:Lady of Beauty (美人;
1176:Lady of Beauty (美人;
1037:Lady of Talent (才人;
1030:Lady of Beauty (美人;
886:Lady of Beauty (美人;
801:During the reign of
786:Lady of Beauty (美人;
715:During the reign of
707:Lady of Beauty (美人;
664:During the reign of
626:Talented Woman (才女;
612:Lady of Beauty (美人;
461:Lady of Beauty (美人;
356:Lady of Beauty (美人;
311:During the reign of
250:Lady of Beauty (美人;
237:) from the reign of
221:, from the reign of
179:81 Royal Wives (御妻;
6475:Imperial Clan Court
6460:Remonstrance Bureau
6430:Ministry of Justice
6415:Ministry of Revenue
6269:Historical capitals
6254:Academies (Shuyuan)
5203:몽골은 왜 고려를 멸망시키지 않았나
5169:(in Korean). 글항아리.
5049:Hua, Kaiqi (2018).
4727:Main Consort (低福晋;
4659:shèngmŭ huángtàihòu
4530:Noble Consort (貴妃;
4347:Noble Consort (貴妃;
4264:Goryeo royal family
4047:Noble Consort (貴妃;
3756:Noble Consort (貴妃;
3697:Lady of Unity (咸一;
3453:Selected Lady (采女;
3168:Noble Consort (貴妃;
3001:Noble Consort (貴妃;
2959:, was a consort of
2799:Noble Consort (貴妃;
2729:After the death of
2651:tiānzhōngdàhuánghòu
2511:Noble Consort (貴妃;
2477:Selected Lady (採女;
2263:Imperial Wife (御妻;
2068:5 Post Holders (職;
1973:Noble Consort (貴妃;
1855:5 Post Holders (職;
1760:Noble Consort (貴妃;
1440:5 Post Holders (職;
1345:Noble Consort (貴妃;
1206:Noble Consort (貴妃;
900:Lady of Value (鹺人;
592:Eastern Han dynasty
317:Western Han dynasty
6673:Chinese concubines
6048:A History of Korea
5163:규장각한국학연구원 (2011).
4506:
4490:
4482:Empress Xiaoyichun
4323:
4258:and a daughter of
4210:
4068:Able Consort (賢妃;
4054:Pure Consort (淑妃;
3777:Able Consort (賢妃;
3763:Pure Consort (淑妃;
3683:True Servant (侍眞;
3581:The crown prince:
3470:From the reign of
3175:Pure Consort (淑妃;
3008:Pure Consort (淑妃;
2969:
2806:Pure Consort (淑妃;
2631:tiānyuándàhuánghòu
2304:From the reign of
1987:Noble Beauty (貴姬;
1921:The crown prince:
1774:Noble Beauty (貴姬;
1705:The crown prince:
1600:Pure Consort (淑妃;
1527:From the reign of
1359:Noble Beauty (貴姬;
1323:From the reign of
1236:Pure Consort (淑妃;
1184:From the reign of
1111:Pure Consort (淑妃;
965:Pure Consort (淑妃;
830:Pure Consort (淑妃;
475:Learned Lady (八子;
399:From the reign of
370:Learned Lady (八子;
304:
264:Learned Lady (八子;
6619:
6618:
6544:
6543:
6485:Viceroys in China
6470:Grand Secretariat
6443:
6442:
6435:Ministry of Works
6420:Ministry of Rites
6367:Three Departments
6324:Translated titles
6229:Five Directorates
6001:978-0-674-01212-7
5974:978-0-674-04202-5
5947:978-1-4422-0491-1
5920:978-0-19-162435-3
5866:978-0-231-03801-0
5839:978-0-520-92345-4
5099:978-1-4772-6517-8
4973:, pp. 48–49.
4755:secondary consort
4682:concubine dowager
4651:mŭhòu huángtàihòu
4295:Jami' al-tawarikh
4282:John Andrew Boyle
4077:9 Concubines (嬪;
3468:
3467:
3198:9 Concubines (嬪;
3031:9 Concubines (嬪;
2822:9 Concubines (嬪;
2755:9 Concubines (嬪;
2700:4 Concubines (嬪;
2671:tiānyòudàhuánghòu
2661:tiānzuǒdàhuánghòu
2541:6 Concubines (嬪;
2207:of Northern Wei,
1996:9 Concubines (嬪;
1783:9 Concubines (嬪;
1572:9 Concubines (嬪;
1368:9 Concubines (嬪;
1229:9 Concubines (嬪;
1104:9 Concubines (嬪;
958:9 Concubines (嬪;
195:According to the
165:9 Concubines (嬪;
51:Chinese dynasties
16:(Redirected from
6680:
6638:
6632:
6627:
6496:
6495:
6363:
6362:
6264:Tributary system
6219:Nine-rank system
6203:Scholar-official
6193:Grand Chancellor
6097:
6090:
6083:
6074:
6073:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6028:
6023:
6017:
6012:
6006:
6005:
5985:
5979:
5978:
5958:
5952:
5951:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5904:
5898:
5897:
5877:
5871:
5870:
5850:
5844:
5843:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5755:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5721:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5710:
5687:
5681:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5642:
5619:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5573:
5550:
5544:
5543:
5537:
5532:
5530:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5498:
5496:
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5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5439:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5401:
5395:
5394:
5392:
5390:
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5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
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5327:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5299:
5293:
5292:
5290:
5288:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5197:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
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5121:
5120:
5118:
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5104:
5103:
5083:
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5076:
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5040:
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5006:
5005:
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4968:
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4956:
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4882:
4881:
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4865:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4823:
4817:
4816:
4797:
4791:
4780:
4551:Noble Lady (貴人;
4486:Qianlong Emperor
4394:Noble Lady (貴人;
3952:Noble Lady (貴人;
3472:Emperor Xuanzong
3303:
3302:
3300:to her husband.
2961:Emperors Taizong
2181:Noble Lady (貴人;
1563:Noble Lady (貴人;
1220:Noble Lady (貴人;
1095:Noble Lady (貴人;
949:Noble Lady (貴人;
605:Noble Lady (貴人;
21:
6688:
6687:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6677:
6663:Chinese culture
6643:
6642:
6641:
6630:
6624:
6620:
6615:
6577:
6549:Imperial guards
6540:
6494:
6490:Mandarin square
6439:
6425:Ministry of War
6396:
6361:
6333:Middle Imperial
6328:
6290:
6207:
6181:
6107:
6101:
6071:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6040:
6035:
6032:
6031:
6024:
6020:
6013:
6009:
6002:
5986:
5982:
5975:
5959:
5955:
5948:
5932:
5928:
5921:
5905:
5901:
5894:
5878:
5874:
5867:
5851:
5847:
5840:
5824:
5820:
5810:
5808:
5806:
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5774:
5772:
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5752:
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5740:
5738:
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5718:
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5706:
5704:
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5684:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5654:
5650:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5620:
5616:
5606:
5604:
5602:
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5581:
5571:
5569:
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5535:
5533:
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5523:
5516:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5494:
5492:
5490:
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5460:
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5421:
5419:
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5250:
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5232:
5228:
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5216:
5214:
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5191:
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5146:
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4889:
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4825:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4799:
4798:
4794:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4759:side concubines
4690:consort dowager
4590:Guangxu Emperor
4575:Lady-in-waiting
4502:Guangxu Emperor
4475:
4466:Zhengde Emperor
4308:
4302:) in the book.
4256:King Chungnyeol
4195:
4040:4 Consorts (妃;
4026:1 Empress (皇后;
4023:
3968:1 Empress (皇后;
3965:
3790:Emperor Renzong
3749:4 Consorts (妃;
3742:1 Empress (皇后;
3739:
3732:
3730:Song, Liao, Jin
3631:
3485:3 Consorts (妃;
3478:1 Empress (皇后;
3161:4 Consorts (妃;
3154:1 Empress (皇后;
3148:Emperor Gaozong
2994:4 Consorts (妃;
2987:1 Empress (皇后;
2949:
2792:3 Consorts (妃;
2785:1 Empress (皇后;
2741:1 Empress (皇后;
2693:1 Empress (皇后;
2683:
2500:3 Madames (夫人;
2493:1 Empress (皇后;
2490:
2352:3 Madames (夫人;
2344:
2324:
2312:1 Empress (皇后;
2306:Emperor Wucheng
2276:
2235:3 Madames (夫人;
2227:
2215:1 Empress (皇后;
2209:Emperor Xiaowen
2173:
2139:
1966:3 Madames (夫人;
1959:1 Empress (皇后;
1945:
1753:3 Madames (夫人;
1746:1 Empress (皇后;
1736:
1542:3 Madames (夫人;
1535:1 Empress (皇后;
1525:
1338:3 Madames (夫人;
1331:1 Empress (皇后;
1199:3 Madames (夫人;
1192:1 Empress (皇后;
1074:3 Madames (夫人;
1067:1 Empress (皇后;
1064:
1057:
928:3 Madames (夫人;
921:1 Empress (皇后;
911:
662:
648:
588:
577:Dear Lady (孺人;
546:
540:
534:
528:
522:
309:
296:
215:
193:
158:3 Madames (夫人;
151:2 Consorts (妃;
134:
90:
38:Chinese history
34:
32:Empress dowager
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6686:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6665:
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6404:
6402:Six Ministries
6398:
6397:
6395:
6394:
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6382:
6380:Zhongshu Sheng
6377:
6375:Shangshu Sheng
6371:
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6357:
6347:
6342:
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6330:
6329:
6327:
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6320:
6319:
6317:Nine Ministers
6314:
6304:
6298:
6296:
6295:Early Imperial
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6281:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6249:Hanlin Academy
6246:
6241:
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6221:
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6213:
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6140:
6135:
6134:
6133:
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6117:
6115:
6109:
6108:
6105:Imperial China
6103:Government of
6100:
6099:
6092:
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6070:
6069:
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5973:
5953:
5946:
5926:
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5872:
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5838:
5818:
5805:978-1133709251
5804:
5784:
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5536:|journal=
5511:"Arts of Asia"
5502:
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5226:
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5175:
5155:
5142:
5122:
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5098:
5078:
5072:978-9004366152
5071:
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5027:
5007:
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4951:
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4710:huángguìtàifēi
4667:tàihuángtàihòu
4586:Kangxi Emperor
4571:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4544:Concubine (嬪;
4542:
4535:
4528:
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4432:
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4361:Concubine (嬪;
4359:
4352:
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4319:Xuande Emperor
4307:
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3782:
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3339:Concubine (嬪;
3337:
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2644:
2641:tiāndàhuánghòu
2634:
2616:
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2606:
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2289:Concubine (嬪;
2287:
2275:
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2254:
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2057:
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2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1964:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1919:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
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1780:
1779:
1772:
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1664:
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1640:
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1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1197:
1186:Emperor Xiaowu
1182:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1130:
1123:
1116:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1072:
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742:
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728:
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712:
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698:
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684:
677:
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656:
652:Three Kingdoms
647:
646:Three Kingdoms
644:
632:
631:
624:
617:
610:
603:
587:
584:
583:
582:
575:
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449:
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439:
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429:
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419:
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6512:
6511:Grand Council
6509:
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6455:Three Bureaus
6453:
6452:
6450:
6448:Late Imperial
6446:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
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6411:
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6272:
6270:
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6153:Son of Heaven
6151:
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6075:
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6058:9781137573599
6054:
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6022:
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5893:90-04-14844-2
5889:
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5849:
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5831:
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5807:
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5788:
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5771:9781442204904
5767:
5763:
5762:
5754:
5739:
5737:9781442204904
5733:
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5728:
5720:
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5703:9780824816629
5699:
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5669:9780295981093
5665:
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5660:
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5637:
5635:9780521822749
5631:
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5601:9780939117420
5597:
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5568:
5566:9780812238204
5562:
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5491:
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5485:
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5455:9780806185026
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5416:9780765619532
5412:
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5400:
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5383:9780674012127
5379:
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5349:9781588391537
5345:
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5315:9780739145166
5311:
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5277:
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5264:
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5247:9780231522403
5243:
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5230:
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5213:9788993119916
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5176:9788967352790
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5024:
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4996:
4993:(in Korean).
4992:
4991:
4986:
4979:
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4961:, p. 49.
4960:
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4809:
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4752:
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4718:xiāndì gōngnü
4715:
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4516:Empress (皇后;
4515:
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4503:
4499:
4498:Pearl Consort
4494:
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4333:Empress (皇后;
4332:
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4320:
4316:
4312:
4303:
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4274:Borjigin clan
4271:
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2517:
2514:
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2487:Northern Zhou
2480:
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2171:
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2164:
2161:Empress (皇后;
2160:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2155:Emperor Taiwu
2152:
2148:
2144:
2143:Emperor Daowu
2137:
2129:
2125:
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2118:
2115:
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2099:
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2027:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1958:
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1956:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1931:
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1701:
1697:
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1689:
1685:
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1677:
1673:
1672:noble consort
1669:
1666:In 483, when
1661:
1657:
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1234:
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1216:
1212:
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1202:
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1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
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1128:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1114:
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1103:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
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1062:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1017:
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1006:
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999:
996:
992:
989:
985:
982:
978:
975:
971:
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964:
963:
961:
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938:
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927:
924:
920:
919:
918:
916:
903:
899:
896:
892:
889:
885:
882:
878:
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871:
868:
864:
861:
857:
854:
850:
847:
843:
840:
836:
833:
829:
826:
822:
819:
815:
812:
809:Empress (皇后;
808:
807:
806:
804:
796:
792:
789:
785:
782:
778:
775:
771:
768:
764:
761:
757:
754:
750:
747:
743:
740:
736:
733:
729:
726:
723:Empress (皇后;
722:
721:
720:
718:
710:
706:
703:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
682:
678:
675:
671:
670:
669:
667:
660:
655:
653:
643:
641:
637:
629:
625:
622:
618:
615:
611:
608:
604:
601:
598:Empress (皇后;
597:
596:
595:
593:
580:
576:
573:
569:
566:
562:
561:
560:
558:
550:
544:
538:
532:
526:
520:
516:
513:
509:
506:
502:
499:
495:
492:
488:
485:
481:
478:
474:
471:
467:
464:
460:
458:
454:
450:
448:
444:
440:
438:
434:
430:
428:
424:
420:
417:
413:
410:
407:Empress (皇后;
406:
405:
404:
402:
394:
390:
387:
383:
380:
376:
373:
369:
366:
362:
359:
355:
352:
348:
345:
342:Empress (皇后;
341:
340:
339:
333:
329:
326:
323:Empress (皇后;
322:
321:
320:
318:
314:
300:
288:
284:
281:
277:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
256:
253:
249:
246:
242:
240:
239:Qin Shi Huang
236:
232:
228:
227:
226:
224:
220:
210:
207:
206:
202:
198:
197:Rites of Zhou
188:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161:
157:
154:
150:
147:
144:1 Queen (王后;
143:
142:
141:
139:
138:Rites of Zhou
129:
127:
123:
122:Rites of Zhou
119:
118:
117:Rites of Zhou
112:
110:
109:Shang dynasty
105:
103:
99:
95:
88:Early history
85:
83:
79:
75:
74:mǔhòu tiānxià
71:
66:
64:
63:hòugōng zhìdù
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
39:
33:
19:
6625:
6536:Zongli Yamen
6385:Menxia Sheng
6212:Institutions
6176:
6062:, retrieved
6047:
6021:
6010:
5990:
5983:
5963:
5956:
5936:
5929:
5909:
5902:
5882:
5875:
5855:
5848:
5828:
5821:
5811:13 September
5809:. Retrieved
5794:
5787:
5777:13 September
5775:. Retrieved
5760:
5753:
5743:13 September
5741:. Retrieved
5726:
5719:
5709:13 September
5707:. Retrieved
5692:
5685:
5675:13 September
5673:. Retrieved
5658:
5651:
5641:13 September
5639:. Retrieved
5624:
5617:
5607:13 September
5605:. Retrieved
5590:
5582:
5572:13 September
5570:. Retrieved
5555:
5548:
5527:cite journal
5517:13 September
5515:. Retrieved
5505:
5495:13 September
5493:. Retrieved
5478:
5471:
5461:13 September
5459:. Retrieved
5444:
5422:13 September
5420:. Retrieved
5405:
5399:
5389:13 September
5387:. Retrieved
5372:
5365:
5355:13 September
5353:. Retrieved
5338:
5331:
5321:13 September
5319:. Retrieved
5304:
5297:
5285:. Retrieved
5270:
5263:
5251:. Retrieved
5236:
5229:
5217:. Retrieved
5202:
5200:김운회 (2015).
5180:. Retrieved
5165:
5158:
5147:. Retrieved
5132:
5125:
5108:
5088:
5081:
5054:
5044:
5032:. Retrieved
5017:
5010:
4998:. Retrieved
4988:
4978:
4966:
4954:
4942:. Retrieved
4927:
4920:
4908:. Retrieved
4893:
4886:
4861:
4856:
4847:
4828:
4821:
4802:
4795:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4758:
4754:
4751:main consort
4750:
4748:
4742:
4735:
4728:
4722:
4717:
4713:
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4705:
4701:
4697:
4693:
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4671:
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4572:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4537:Consort (妃;
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:Qing dynasty
4507:
4463:
4448:
4441:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
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4402:
4395:
4388:
4381:
4374:
4368:
4362:
4355:
4354:Consort (妃;
4348:
4341:
4334:
4327:Ming dynasty
4324:
4299:
4293:
4285:
4278:Paul Pelliot
4268:
4241:
4236:
4224:
4218:
4214:Yuan dynasty
4211:
4206:Toghon Temür
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4141:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4011:
4004:
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3983:
3976:
3969:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3932:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
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3804:
3797:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3750:
3743:
3725:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3639:
3632:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3567:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3469:
3461:
3454:
3442:
3435:
3423:
3416:
3404:
3397:
3385:
3378:
3366:
3359:
3347:
3340:
3328:
3321:
3320:Consort (妃;
3293:
3291:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3145:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2973:Tang dynasty
2970:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2916:
2909:
2902:
2895:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:Emperor Yang
2776:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2731:Empress Dugu
2728:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2684:
2676:
2670:
2667:Yuan Leshang
2660:
2657:Yuchi Chifan
2650:
2640:
2630:
2620:Emperor Xuan
2617:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2303:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2282:Madame (夫人;
2277:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2223:
2216:
2205:sinicization
2202:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2162:
2150:
2146:
2140:
2136:Northern Wei
2127:
2120:
2113:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1946:
1933:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1737:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1699:
1696:pure consort
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1680:pure consort
1679:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1564:
1557:
1556:Madame (夫人;
1550:
1543:
1536:
1526:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:Emperor Ming
1322:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1183:
1177:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1096:
1089:
1088:Madame (夫人;
1082:
1075:
1068:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
950:
943:
942:Madame (夫人;
936:
929:
922:
912:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
831:
824:
817:
816:Madame (夫人;
810:
803:Emperor Ming
800:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
731:
730:Madame (夫人;
724:
714:
708:
701:
694:
687:
680:
679:Madame (夫人;
673:
663:
649:
640:Emperor Ling
636:Emperor Huan
633:
627:
620:
613:
606:
599:
589:
578:
571:
564:
563:Consort (妃;
557:crown prince
554:
548:
542:
536:
530:
524:
518:
511:
504:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
462:
452:
442:
432:
422:
415:
408:
401:Emperor Yuan
398:
392:
385:
378:
371:
364:
357:
350:
349:Madame (夫人;
343:
337:
331:
330:Madame (夫人;
324:
310:
286:
279:
272:
265:
258:
251:
244:
243:Madame (夫人;
234:
230:
216:
203:
199:, under the
196:
194:
186:
180:
173:
166:
159:
152:
145:
137:
135:
121:
115:
113:
106:
97:
93:
91:
81:
77:
73:
69:
67:
62:
58:
54:
35:
6668:Concubinage
6561:Shence Army
6345:Jimi system
6224:Nine Courts
6170:Consort kin
4643:huángtàihòu
4525:huángguìfēi
4342:huángguìfēi
4315:Empress Sun
4288:chapter of
4260:Kublai Khan
3633:During the
3312:New titles
3309:Old titles
2735:Emperor Wen
2687:Sui dynasty
2520:zhǎngguìfēi
2273:Northern Qi
2203:During the
1953:Emperor Wen
1653:zhōngcáirén
1529:Emperor Gao
1522:Southern Qi
1493:zhōngcáirén
1310:zhōngcáirén
1046:zhōngcáirén
915:Jin dynasty
913:During the
717:Emperor Wen
672:Queen (王后;
650:During the
586:Eastern Han
307:Western Han
302:Zhao Feiyan
229:Queen (王后;
223:King Huiwen
219:Qin dynasty
6647:Categories
6516:Lifan Yuan
5149:2010-06-28
4985:"기황후(奇皇后)"
4971:Hwang 2016
4959:Hwang 2016
4765:References
4617:níangníang
4248:Empress Gi
4202:Empress Gi
3642:Later Tang
3298:Empress Wu
2647:Chen Yueyi
2637:Zhu Manyue
2627:Yang Lihua
1949:Emperor Wu
1740:Emperor Wu
1668:Emperor Wu
457:Emperor Wu
447:Emperor Wu
437:Emperor Wu
427:Emperor Wu
217:Under the
30:See also:
6635:help page
6631:undefined
6583:Dynasties
6259:Censorate
6244:Guozijian
4770:Citations
4736:cè fú jǐn
4729:dí fú jǐn
4702:guìtàifēi
4605:concubine
4597:concubine
4231:term for
4229:Mongolian
4225:gōngzhàng
4142:chōngyuàn
4135:chōngróng
3924:chōngyuàn
3917:chōngróng
3263:chōngyuàn
3256:chōngróng
3096:chōngyuàn
3089:chōngróng
2957:Wu Zetian
2880:chōngróng
2573:zhōngyuàn
2566:shàngyuàn
2347:yòuzhāoyí
2341:zuǒzhāoyí
2296:Lady (禦;
2230:yòuzhāoyí
2224:zuǒzhāoyí
2176:yòuzhāoyí
2170:zuǒzhāoyí
781:shùnchéng
512:shùncháng
78:zhōnggōng
6355:Shumishi
6340:Jiedushi
6121:Monarchy
6113:Nobility
5219:12 March
5182:12 March
4657:(聖母皇太后;
4649:(母后皇太后;
4579:guānnǘzǐ
4560:chángzài
4518:huánghòu
4469:Xuande.
4415:tàizǐfēi
4389:zhāoróng
4335:huánghòu
4237:wòérkàng
4100:zhāoyuàn
4093:zhāoróng
4028:huánghòu
3970:huánghòu
3882:zhāoyuàn
3875:zhāoróng
3847:shùnróng
3744:huánghòu
3664:zhāoyuàn
3650:zhāoróng
3608:chénghuī
3587:tàizǐfēi
3480:huánghòu
3424:gòngfèng
3386:chéngzhǐ
3367:chéngguī
3221:zhāoyuàn
3214:zhāoróng
3156:huánghòu
3054:zhāoyuàn
3047:zhāoróng
2989:huánghòu
2981:gōngguān
2887:chōnghuá
2838:shùnróng
2787:huánghòu
2743:huánghòu
2695:huánghòu
2603:zhōngwǎn
2596:shàngwǎn
2495:huánghòu
2456:guāngxùn
2428:xuānmíng
2398:guāngyóu
2384:shàngpín
2327:yòuéyīng
2321:zuǒéyīng
2314:huánghòu
2217:huánghòu
2197:zhōngshì
2190:jiāofáng
2163:huánghòu
2128:liángrén
2098:chénghuī
2091:chōnghuá
2033:zhāoróng
1961:huánghòu
1908:liángrén
1885:chénghuī
1878:chōnghuá
1820:zhāoróng
1748:huánghòu
1692:zhāoróng
1637:chōnghuá
1537:huánghòu
1507:liángrén
1470:chénghuī
1463:chōnghuá
1412:zhāoróng
1333:huánghòu
1294:chōnghuá
1266:zhāoróng
1194:huánghòu
1169:chōnghuá
1069:huánghòu
1061:Liu Song
1023:chōnghuá
923:huánghòu
895:liángrén
811:huánghòu
795:liángrén
725:huánghòu
600:huánghòu
543:liángshǐ
491:zhǎngshǐ
470:liángrén
409:huánghòu
386:zhǎngshǐ
365:liángrén
344:huánghòu
325:huánghòu
280:zhǎngshǐ
259:liángrén
235:huánghòu
205:fengjian
70:huánghòu
6186:Offices
6165:Empress
6143:Emperor
6126:Dynasty
6064:18 June
6038:Sources
5034:18 June
5000:18 June
4716:(先帝宮女;
4708:(皇貴太妃;
4674:dowager
4665:(太皇太后;
4444:eunuchs
4429:xuǎnshì
4300:sòngzhŭ
4252:capital
4235:: 斡兒垜;
4221:Chinese
4128:chōngyī
4121:xiūyuàn
4114:xiūróng
4070:xiánfēi
4035:yuánfēi
3910:chōngyī
3903:xiūyuàn
3896:xiūróng
3861:wǎnróng
3854:shūróng
3786:chénfēi
3779:xiánfēi
3706:yáofāng
3685:shìzhēn
3678:yùzhèng
3615:zhāoxùn
3601:liángài
3594:liángdì
3405:wèixiān
3294:chēnfei
3249:chōngyí
3242:xiūyuàn
3235:xiūróng
3191:xiánfēi
3082:chōngyí
3075:xiūyuàn
3068:xiūróng
3024:xiánfēi
2977:nèiguān
2965:Gaozong
2873:chōngyī
2859:xiūróng
2845:shùnhuá
2580:xiàyuàn
2550:zhāohuà
2449:shùnhuá
2442:nínghuá
2435:nínghuī
2421:xuānhuī
2405:zhāoxùn
2391:lónghuī
2375:chóngdé
2368:zhèngdé
2251:(liùpín
2105:lièróng
2084:rónghuá
2061:xiūróng
2026:zhāohuá
2019:shūróng
2005:shūyuàn
1927:liángdì
1892:lièróng
1871:rónghuá
1848:xiūróng
1813:zhāohuá
1806:shūróng
1792:shūyuàn
1711:liángdì
1630:rónghuá
1609:shūyuàn
1595:xiūróng
1514:chōngyī
1477:lièróng
1456:rónghuá
1433:xiūróng
1398:zhāohuá
1391:shūróng
1377:shūyuàn
1317:chōngyī
1287:rónghuá
1273:zhāohuá
1245:shūyuàn
1162:yǒnghuá
1141:xiūróng
1120:shūyuàn
1016:rónghuá
995:xiūróng
974:shūyuàn
881:rǒnghuá
860:xiūróng
853:zhāohuá
839:shūyuàn
774:rónghuá
760:xiūróng
746:shūyuàn
702:rónghuá
674:wánghòu
666:Cao Cao
659:Cao Wei
621:gōngrén
590:In the
572:liángdì
498:shǎoshǐ
453:chōngyī
443:rónghuá
393:shǎoshǐ
338:Later:
315:of the
287:shǎoshǐ
231:wánghòu
146:wánghòu
126:utopian
59:hòugōng
55:nèigōng
6239:Taixue
6138:Titles
6055:
5998:
5971:
5944:
5917:
5890:
5863:
5836:
5802:
5768:
5734:
5700:
5666:
5632:
5598:
5563:
5486:
5452:
5413:
5380:
5346:
5312:
5287:1 July
5278:
5253:1 July
5244:
5210:
5173:
5140:
5096:
5069:
5025:
4944:8 June
4935:
4910:8 June
4901:
4836:
4810:
4700:(貴太妃;
4694:tàifēi
4686:tàipín
4609:zhǔwèi
4577:(官女子;
4567:dāyìng
4553:guìrén
4532:guìfēi
4458:Xuande
4454:Yongle
4450:Joseon
4422:cáirén
4403:měirén
4396:guìrén
4382:zhāoyí
4349:guìfēi
4244:Goryeo
4223:: 宮帳;
4172:bǎolín
4165:cáirén
4158:měirén
4086:zhāoyí
4056:shūfēi
4049:guìfēi
4005:fāngyí
3998:shùnyí
3991:zhāoyí
3954:guìrén
3947:cáirén
3940:měirén
3868:zhāoyí
3840:shùnyí
3765:shūfēi
3758:guìfēi
3720:xuānyī
3699:xiányī
3671:chūshǐ
3657:zhāoyí
3622:fèngyí
3575:cáirén
3568:měirén
3559:fāngyí
3545:shùnyí
3538:xiányí
3508:huáfēi
3494:huìfēi
3462:shìjīn
3443:shìzhì
3417:bǎolín
3398:cáirén
3379:měirén
3348:xuānyí
3286:cáirén
3279:měirén
3207:zhāoyí
3177:shūfēi
3170:guìfēi
3126:bǎolín
3119:cáirén
3112:měirén
3040:zhāoyí
3010:shūfēi
3003:guìfēi
2926:bǎolín
2917:cáirén
2910:měirén
2866:xiūhuá
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