424:
83:
4763:
623:
609:
4775:
27:
480:
The experimental apparatus included: (1) a vidicon television camera, which employed a scan mechanism that yielded one complete frame in ten seconds; 2) a gamma-ray spectrometer mounted on a 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) boom; (3) a radar altimeter; and (4) a seismometer to be rough-landed on the
502:
in March and began preflight checkouts. Unlike with previous Ranger launches, no serious difficulties were encountered in readying the launch vehicle for flight and the probe also passed all systems tests with ease. On April 20, Ranger 4 was stacked atop the booster and liftoff took place at 3:50 pm
533:
had both performed perfectly, in fact so well that Ranger 4 would not even need a midcourse correction burn to impact the Moon. However, this was all futile if the spacecraft was inoperative. Ground controllers sent commands to the probe to unfurl the solar panels and high-gain antenna and manually
547:
had been resolved, only for the probe itself to completely fail, as unlike the previous missions, Ranger 4 did not return any useful data. Finding the cause of the timer malfunction could also be difficult since it had occurred during the coasting phase prior to trans-lunar injection when Ranger 4
542:
deployment, and also made the probe completely unresponsive to manual commands. Even though lunar impact would occur as planned, the mission was for all intents and purposes a failure. Making it a more bitter pill to swallow was the nearly-flawless launch vehicle performance. The booster problems
439:) thrust retrorocket, and a gold- and chrome-plated hexagonal base 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) in diameter. A large high-gain dish antenna was attached to the base. Two wing-like solar panels (5.2 m (17 ft) across) were attached to the base and deployed early in the flight.
489:
capable of operating the lunar capsule transmitter for 30 days, all designed to land on the Moon at 130 to 160 km/h (80 to 100 mph). The radar altimeter would be used for reflectivity studies, but was also designed to initiate capsule separation and ignite the retro-rocket.
597:, was the first American spacecraft to reach another celestial body. It was also the first spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon. Although the spacecraft did not achieve its primary objective, the Atlas-Agena-Ranger combination performed without fault for the first time.
559:
Without solar power, Ranger 4's batteries ran down on the morning of April 26 and the radio transponder ceased operating. The tiny transmitter in the seismometer capsule continued sending out a 50-milliwatt signal. According to the NASA, Ranger 4 impacted the far side of the
435:. The basic vehicle was 331 kg (730 lb), 3.1 m (10 ft) high and consisted of a lunar capsule covered with a balsawood impact-limiter, 0.65 m (26 in) in diameter, a mono-propellant mid-course motor, a 22.6 kN (5,080 lb
3493:
589:
space probe in 1959, which had been little more than a pressurized sphere designed to deposit pennants on the surface at impact. The excellent performance of the Atlas-Agena booster had also raised morale.
4118:
3475:
568:
on April 26, 1962, after 64 hours of flight. However, the coordinates were ″guesstimated" and the crater of the impact could not be identified by high-resolution images of the
446:
launching and backup battery. Spacecraft control was provided by a solid-state computer and sequencer and an Earth-controlled command system. Attitude control was provided by
507:
on April 23. Launch proceeded perfectly this time and there were no anomalies with either the Atlas or the Agena, which performed its second burn to send Ranger 4 on a
396:
data in flight, to study radar reflectivity of the lunar surface, and to continue testing of the Ranger program for development of lunar and interplanetary spacecraft.
3499:
514:
After separation from the Agena, it was apparent that something was seriously amiss when tracking stations picked up Ranger 4's radio transmitter, but there was no
3521:
2973:
3940:
470:, and an omnidirectional antenna. White paint, gold and chrome plating, and a silvered plastic sheet encasing the retrorocket furnished thermal control.
2772:
214:
4648:
477:'s computer, this procedure was dropped on Ranger 4. The seismometer capsule was also painted with a sawtooth pattern for better thermal protection.
1794:
1789:
3632:
2903:
3329:
2997:
4713:
4638:
4125:
3288:
2714:
3469:
876:
870:
3382:
2694:
1099:
534:
use the attitude control system to stop the rolling motion it was in, but the probe was unresponsive. The
Spacecraft Data Analysis Team at
4419:
4395:
3421:
3278:
3268:
481:
lunar surface. The seismometer was encased in the lunar capsule along with an amplifier, a 50-milliwatt transmitter, voltage control, a
4818:
4341:
3754:
3298:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3243:
3212:
3186:
3169:
3139:
3119:
3104:
3080:
3075:
3065:
3053:
3048:
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3028:
3018:
3013:
3003:
2991:
2980:
2962:
2945:
2940:
2908:
2868:
1563:
442:
Power was generated by 8,680 solar cells contained in the solar panels which charged an 11.5 kg (25 lb) 1 kWh capacity
4429:
4348:
3309:
2951:
2898:
2300:
2294:
2288:
997:
538:
concluded that the main timer in Ranger 4's computer had stopped, which disabled the telemetry system, preprogrammed events such as
4424:
904:
4733:
4466:
2878:
771:
730:
789:
753:
3610:
3605:
3164:
2765:
2689:
646:
4311:
3749:
3481:
2091:
671:
4813:
4708:
4515:
4038:
2390:
2096:
641:
4291:
4265:
4221:
1268:
1075:
4525:
3427:
3323:
3316:
3253:
3144:
2436:
1111:
1104:
4381:
4301:
3935:
3399:
2758:
2311:
2230:
1080:
1043:
262:
4728:
4676:
4434:
4021:
3930:
3637:
3620:
3375:
2709:
2431:
865:
808:
499:
211:
3895:
2426:
2011:
1053:
4508:
4498:
4196:
526:
indicated that Ranger 4 was tumbling and that the solar panels and high-gain antenna were not deployed either.
3439:
4701:
3541:
3536:
1984:
990:
4364:
4233:
3487:
3457:
2724:
2684:
2507:
2466:
2238:
1209:
1140:
1006:
897:
651:
569:
4718:
4665:
4628:
4587:
4481:
4186:
4166:
4081:
3905:
3644:
3590:
3368:
2704:
2633:
2566:
2041:
705:
76:
582:
spacecraft had reached the surface of the Moon and that the probe was "far more sophisticated" than the
4520:
4461:
4336:
4248:
3978:
3844:
2598:
4823:
4558:
4476:
4471:
4145:
3600:
3558:
2588:
2360:
2066:
1372:
1227:
535:
138:
2384:
4803:
4671:
4595:
3869:
3445:
2669:
983:
91:
70:
3345:
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
522:, it could not be confirmed that the probe's solar panels had unfolded, but the fluctuating radio
458:, and pitch and roll jets. The telemetry system aboard the spacecraft, consisting of two 960
4808:
4503:
4440:
4415:
4260:
4113:
4048:
3759:
3720:
3679:
3580:
2719:
2628:
2556:
2476:
2471:
2396:
1784:
1779:
1443:
1214:
1018:
890:
2648:
4743:
4686:
4208:
4191:
4137:
4100:
3900:
3874:
3829:
3585:
2441:
1905:
486:
2544:
1543:
423:
4778:
4691:
4681:
4623:
4493:
4488:
4329:
3994:
3956:
3925:
3834:
3733:
3715:
3615:
2514:
2456:
2378:
1976:
1966:
1814:
1092:
1048:
508:
578:
officials tried to put a positive spin on the mission, noting that it was the first time an
4321:
3824:
3709:
3627:
3595:
3531:
3526:
2679:
2674:
2623:
2016:
1960:
1736:
1473:
1135:
837:
8:
4608:
4574:
4105:
4086:
3675:
3463:
2797:
2786:
2782:
2561:
2538:
2500:
2071:
1625:
1404:
614:
443:
400:
1538:
841:
4405:
3983:
3890:
3864:
3804:
3788:
3764:
2750:
2446:
2372:
2342:
1910:
1463:
1150:
628:
82:
849:
407:
of the Moon without returning any scientific data. It was the first spacecraft of the
4369:
4253:
4213:
4173:
4093:
4053:
3920:
3910:
3658:
3134:
3124:
3109:
2593:
2250:
2101:
1581:
518:
data being returned or any response when commands were sent to the computer. Without
504:
482:
467:
309:
4602:
4243:
3854:
3705:
3433:
3412:
2571:
2550:
2366:
2046:
1533:
1068:
845:
1218:
975:
564:(229.3 degrees E, 15.5 degrees S) at 9,600 km/h (5,970 mph) at 12:49:53
4581:
4551:
4014:
3988:
3915:
3839:
3814:
3809:
3769:
3685:
3238:
3206:
3180:
2968:
2862:
2699:
2577:
2154:
2006:
1996:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1198:
1058:
1038:
404:
380:, launched in 1962. It was designed to transmit pictures of the lunar surface to
4738:
4618:
4375:
4061:
3859:
3849:
3695:
3690:
3548:
1145:
1063:
1033:
913:
636:
565:
544:
412:
377:
349:
415:
and the first of any nation to reach the surface of the far side of the Moon.
4797:
4766:
4748:
4643:
4633:
4565:
4410:
4043:
3774:
3553:
2873:
2810:
2653:
2171:
2051:
1707:
1437:
1432:
1192:
579:
408:
277:
264:
384:
stations during a period of 10 minutes of flight prior to crashing upon the
4613:
4180:
2325:
2319:
2218:
1884:
1879:
1804:
1774:
1637:
1632:
1616:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1263:
1258:
1155:
583:
553:
473:
Because heat sterilization was suspected to have caused the malfunction of
319:
2451:
3575:
3451:
3303:
3223:
3174:
2618:
2354:
2210:
2178:
1728:
1453:
1448:
539:
530:
523:
463:
389:
336:
201:
4306:
4008:
4001:
3516:
3159:
2603:
2202:
2186:
2163:
2061:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1769:
1764:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1182:
4723:
4696:
4544:
4456:
4316:
4285:
4278:
4075:
3973:
3727:
3334:
3201:
3191:
3114:
3059:
3043:
2924:
2643:
2493:
2348:
2262:
2194:
2076:
1990:
1900:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1412:
1397:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1128:
1123:
549:
519:
515:
459:
455:
393:
329:
316:
3353:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
399:
An onboard computer failure caused failure of the deployment of the
3283:
3196:
3154:
3129:
3099:
3093:
3086:
3070:
3038:
2986:
2957:
2930:
2918:
2893:
2888:
2851:
2845:
2817:
2638:
2613:
2608:
2081:
1713:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1390:
1300:
1187:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
934:
929:
924:
594:
474:
432:
362:
357:
403:
and navigation systems; as a result the spacecraft crashed on the
4238:
4228:
4131:
3570:
3293:
3273:
3228:
3149:
3023:
3008:
2935:
2883:
2856:
2838:
2824:
2583:
2461:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2001:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1548:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1242:
882:
431:
Ranger 4 was a Block II Ranger spacecraft virtually identical to
4272:
4203:
3700:
3565:
3233:
3218:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2086:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1798:
1642:
1576:
1571:
1553:
1284:
1237:
1232:
1204:
1116:
586:
156:
1.52 m × 2.51 m (5.0 ft × 8.2 ft)
26:
16:
1962 American unmanned space flight intended to study the Moon
4296:
4069:
4033:
4028:
3819:
2831:
2056:
1468:
1458:
451:
381:
326:
2737:
Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in
3391:
2244:
1718:
1087:
1028:
1010:
575:
561:
466:
power output and the other at 50 mW power output, the
385:
229:
55:
44:
447:
2780:
778:. (Kansas). Associated Press. April 24, 1962. p. 1.
3360:
737:. (Idaho). Associated Press. April 27, 1962. p. 1.
809:"Farside Science: The Sage of Ranger 4's Moon Journey"
879:, Chronology – Five key dates in the race to the Moon
866:
Lunar impact: A history of
Project Ranger (PDF) 1977
604:
1005:
4795:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
663:
706:"National Space Science Data Center - Ranger 4"
3376:
3349:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
2766:
2715:Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
991:
898:
689:
548:was passing between tracking stations in the
2695:List of species that have landed on the Moon
796:. (Oregon). UPI. April 23, 1962. p. 1.
760:. (Oregon). UPI. April 26, 1962. p. 1.
748:
746:
744:
725:
723:
3755:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
3383:
3369:
2773:
2759:
998:
984:
905:
891:
81:
4649:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
754:"Ranger-4 hits moon in new space triumph"
741:
720:
422:
4734:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
806:
782:
772:"'Brainless' Ranger tumbles into space"
708:. National Air and Space Administration
4796:
3522:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
2690:List of artificial objects on the Moon
647:List of artificial objects on the Moon
593:This spacecraft, similar in design to
4312:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
3364:
2754:
979:
886:
764:
498:Atlas 133D and Agena 6004 arrived at
4774:
2391:International Lunar Research Station
642:Timeline of Solar System exploration
418:
704:
670:NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center.
13:
3428:National Aeronautics and Space Act
1105:Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
912:
14:
4835:
4819:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon
4382:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
3936:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
859:
790:"Ranger 4 shot starts 60-hr trip"
4773:
4762:
4761:
4677:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
4435:Space Flight Operations Facility
3621:Operations and Checkout Building
2710:Moon landing conspiracy theories
669:
621:
607:
392:capsule on the Moon, to collect
25:
3896:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
2427:Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
821:
800:
93:
1:
850:10.1016/S0265-9646(97)00038-6
807:Leonard, David (2018-12-30).
657:
4714:Space program on U.S. stamps
4639:Gemini and Apollo medallions
4589:Solar System Family Portrait
4365:Joint Polar Satellite System
4234:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
3488:Vision for Space Exploration
3458:Space Exploration Initiative
2725:List of crewed lunar landers
2685:List of missions to the Moon
2508:Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander
2467:Lunar Crater Radio Telescope
2239:Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost
1554:SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)
1210:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
776:Lawrence Daily Journal-World
652:List of missions to the Moon
570:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
462:transmitters, one at 3
7:
4814:Spacecraft launched in 1962
4709:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
4666:We choose to go to the Moon
4629:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
4187:International Space Station
4167:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
3906:Great Observatories program
3750:International Space Station
3728:Roscosmos State Corporation
3645:Science Mission Directorate
3591:Manned Space Flight Network
2567:International Lunar Network
600:
148:331.1 kg (730 lb)
10:
4840:
4526:NASA cameras on spacecraft
4337:James Webb Space Telescope
4249:Solar Dynamics Observatory
3470:U.S. National Space Policy
731:"Ranger 4 crashes on Moon"
493:
4757:
4657:
4534:
4449:
4394:
4357:
4156:
3966:
3953:
3883:
3797:
3787:
3742:
3668:
3657:
3601:Vehicle Assembly Building
3509:
3408:
3398:
3343:
2805:
2733:
2662:
2528:
2485:
2419:
2410:
2335:
2310:
2261:
2229:
2153:
2144:
1975:
1893:
1813:
1727:
1615:
1562:
1382:
1373:List of Apollo astronauts
1322:
1313:
1293:
1277:
1251:
1175:
1166:
1017:
920:
672:"Experiments on Ranger 4"
346:
335:
325:
315:
308:
301:
297:
293:
256:
236:
228:
224:
220:
207:
197:
181:
176:
172:
168:
160:
152:
144:
139:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
134:
129:
125:
121:
103:
90:
69:
61:
51:
40:
36:
24:
4672:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
4596:The Day the Earth Smiled
3931:Solar Terrestrial Probes
3390:
2670:Colonization of the Moon
873:, Planned lunar missions
735:Lewiston Morning Tribune
487:silver-cadmium batteries
376:was a spacecraft of the
240:April 26, 1962, 12:49:53
185:April 23, 1962, 20:50:00
4729:Other primates in space
4441:Deep Space Atomic Clock
4261:Mars Science Laboratory
4049:Spitzer Space Telescope
3638:Lunar Sample Laboratory
3581:Launch Services Program
2720:Apollo 11 anniversaries
2557:European Lunar Explorer
1780:Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)
4744:National Astronaut Day
4687:The Astronaut Monument
4509:Space Shuttle missions
4209:Mars Exploration Rover
4192:Hubble Space Telescope
4101:Kepler space telescope
3901:Earth Observing System
3875:Mars Exploration Rover
3586:Mercury Control Center
2974:Balloon Subsatellite 1
1906:Emirates Lunar Mission
428:
244:1962-04-26UTC12:49:54Z
4692:Lunar sample displays
4682:Space Mirror Memorial
4624:Voyager Golden Record
4516:United States rockets
3708: (with the
3616:Launch Control Center
2515:Lunar Orbital Station
1967:Peregrine Mission One
426:
130:Spacecraft properties
3710:Soviet space program
3628:Johnson Space Center
3596:Kennedy Space Center
3559:spinoff technologies
2789:Orbital launches in
2680:List of lunar probes
2675:Google Lunar X Prize
2624:Project Harvest Moon
1737:Lunar Roving Vehicle
1217:(relay satellite at
676:NSSDC Master Catalog
251:Failed before impact
4719:Apollo 17 Moon mice
4575:Pillars of Creation
4482:Space Shuttle crews
3960:(human and robotic)
3954:Individual featured
3537:Ranks and positions
2705:Apollo 17 Moon mice
2634:Resource Prospector
2562:First Lunar Outpost
2545:Baden-Württemberg 1
2501:Boeing Lunar Lander
1626:Apollo Lunar Module
1440:(propulsion module)
1405:Apollo Lunar Module
1007:Spacecraft missions
842:1998SpPol..14....5.
615:Solar System portal
274: /
189:1962-04-23UTC20:50Z
62:Harvard designation
21:
4521:NASA cancellations
4416:Deep Space Network
4406:Near Earth Network
3891:Living With a Star
3865:Project Prometheus
3845:Planetary Observer
2373:Cislunar Explorers
629:Spaceflight portal
429:
427:Launch of Ranger 4
388:, to rough-land a
202:Atlas LV-3 Agena-B
19:
4789:
4788:
4702:stolen or missing
4499:uncrewed missions
4477:Apollo astronauts
4472:Gemini astronauts
4390:
4389:
4174:2001 Mars Odyssey
3949:
3948:
3825:Mars Surveyor '98
3783:
3782:
3726: (with
3659:Human spaceflight
3653:
3652:
3611:Launch Complex 48
3606:Launch Complex 39
3358:
3357:
3135:Venera 2MV-2 No.1
3125:Venera 2MV-1 No.2
3110:Venera 2MV-1 No.1
2748:
2747:
2594:Lunar Mission One
2551:#dearMoon project
2524:
2523:
2406:
2405:
2251:Lunar Trailblazer
2140:
2139:
1582:Moon Impact Probe
1309:
1308:
973:
972:
483:turnstile antenna
468:high-gain antenna
419:Spacecraft design
411:to reach another
371:
370:
342:
341:
310:Television camera
252:
117:
111:
4831:
4824:1962 on the Moon
4777:
4776:
4765:
4764:
4603:Fallen Astronaut
4244:Van Allen Probes
3964:
3963:
3870:Mars Exploration
3795:
3794:
3666:
3665:
3434:Space Task Group
3406:
3405:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3362:
3361:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2752:
2751:
2417:
2416:
2367:Lunar Pathfinder
2151:
2150:
2047:Lunar Flashlight
1534:Lunar Prospector
1320:
1319:
1201:(service module)
1173:
1172:
1000:
993:
986:
977:
976:
907:
900:
893:
884:
883:
854:
853:
836:(1): 5–8. 1998.
825:
819:
818:
816:
815:
804:
798:
797:
786:
780:
779:
768:
762:
761:
750:
739:
738:
727:
718:
717:
715:
713:
702:
687:
686:
684:
682:
667:
631:
626:
625:
624:
617:
612:
611:
610:
304:
299:
298:
289:
288:
286:
285:
284:
279:
275:
272:
271:
270:
267:
250:
247:
245:
192:
190:
177:Start of mission
115:
112:
109:
104:Mission duration
95:
86:
85:
79:
29:
22:
18:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4828:
4804:LQ17 quadrangle
4794:
4793:
4790:
4785:
4753:
4653:
4644:Mission patches
4619:Pioneer plaques
4582:Mystic Mountain
4559:Family Portrait
4552:The Blue Marble
4536:
4530:
4504:Apollo missions
4445:
4397:
4386:
4353:
4158:
4152:
3989:Mercury-Atlas 6
3959:
3955:
3945:
3879:
3815:Mariner Mark II
3779:
3760:Commercial Crew
3738:
3661:
3649:
3633:Mission Control
3532:Astronaut Corps
3527:Chief Scientist
3505:
3410:
3394:
3389:
3359:
3354:
3339:
3239:Mars 2MV-3 No.1
3207:Mars 2MV-4 No.1
3181:Mercury-Atlas 8
2969:Mercury-Atlas 7
2863:Mercury-Atlas 6
2801:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2749:
2744:
2729:
2700:Lunar resources
2658:
2530:
2520:
2481:
2412:
2402:
2331:
2306:
2257:
2225:
2146:
2136:
1971:
1963:(Chandrayaan-2)
1894:Failed landings
1889:
1809:
1785:(Chandrayaan-3)
1723:
1710:(Chandrayaan-3)
1611:
1558:
1509:Lunar Orbiter 1
1378:
1323:Crewed landings
1315:
1305:
1289:
1273:
1247:
1222:
1168:
1162:
1054:Lunar Precursor
1021:
1013:
1004:
974:
969:
916:
911:
862:
857:
827:
826:
822:
813:
811:
805:
801:
788:
787:
783:
770:
769:
765:
752:
751:
742:
729:
728:
721:
711:
709:
703:
690:
680:
678:
668:
664:
660:
627:
622:
620:
613:
608:
606:
603:
531:Atlas and Agena
496:
438:
421:
367:
366:
360:
353:
302:
282:
280:
276:
273:
268:
265:
263:
261:
260:
249:
243:
241:
188:
186:
113:
107:
80:
75:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4837:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4809:Ranger program
4806:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4771:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4739:Astronauts Day
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4661:
4659:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4555:
4548:
4540:
4538:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4398:and navigation
4396:Communications
4392:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4376:Europa Clipper
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4258:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4135:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4116:
4103:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4079:
4072:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3961:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
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3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3887:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3830:New Millennium
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3801:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3718:
3713:
3703:
3698:
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3683:
3672:
3670:
3663:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
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3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3625:
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3613:
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3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
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3544:
3539:
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3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3485:
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3473:
3467:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3431:
3425:
3418:
3416:
3403:
3396:
3395:
3388:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3365:
3356:
3355:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2977:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2938:
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2921:
2916:
2911:
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2896:
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2871:
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2814:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2781:
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2777:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2731:
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2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:Lunar Observer
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2489:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
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2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2414:
2408:
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2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2323:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2267:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2175:
2168:
2159:
2157:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1753:
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1733:
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1725:
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1621:
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1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1430:
1425:
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1415:
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1311:
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1287:
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1196:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1109:
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1107:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1073:
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1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1025:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1003:
1002:
995:
988:
980:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
921:
918:
917:
914:Ranger program
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
881:
880:
874:
868:
861:
860:External links
858:
856:
855:
828:"Discussion".
820:
799:
781:
763:
740:
719:
688:
661:
659:
656:
655:
654:
649:
644:
639:
637:Ranger program
633:
632:
618:
602:
599:
543:that affected
500:Cape Canaveral
495:
492:
436:
420:
417:
413:celestial body
378:Ranger program
369:
368:
361:
355:
354:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
333:
332:
323:
322:
313:
312:
306:
305:
295:
294:
291:
290:
278:15.5°S 130.7°W
258:
254:
253:
238:
234:
233:
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:
212:Cape Canaveral
209:
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105:
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100:
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73:
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63:
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42:
38:
37:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4836:
4825:
4822:
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4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4792:
4782:
4781:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4750:
4749:Nikon NASA F4
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4634:NASA insignia
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4614:Lunar plaques
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4567:
4566:Pale Blue Dot
4563:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4533:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4494:NASA missions
4492:
4490:
4489:NASA aircraft
4487:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:Space Network
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4283:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4250:
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4245:
4242:
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4237:
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4232:
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4227:
4223:
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4142:
4140:
4136:
4134:
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4129:
4127:
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4120:
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4115:
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4096:
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4083:
4080:
4078:
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4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4044:Space Shuttle
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:New Frontiers
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
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3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3835:Lunar Orbiter
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3775:Lunar Gateway
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3734:Constellation
3732:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3716:Space Shuttle
3714:
3711:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3554:NASA research
3552:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3407:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3381:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Westford Drag
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Discoverer 38
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:Discoverer 37
2808:
2807:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2784:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2764:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2172:Lunar Gateway
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2143:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Lunar IceCube
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1815:Sample return
1812:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:Chandrayaan-3
1436:
1434:
1433:Chandrayaan-1
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1193:Chandrayaan-2
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:Lunar Orbiter
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1001:
996:
994:
989:
987:
982:
981:
978:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
919:
915:
908:
903:
901:
896:
894:
889:
888:
885:
878:
875:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
824:
810:
803:
795:
794:Bend Bulletin
791:
785:
777:
773:
767:
759:
758:Bend Bulletin
755:
749:
747:
745:
736:
732:
726:
724:
707:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
677:
673:
666:
662:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
630:
619:
616:
605:
598:
596:
591:
588:
585:
581:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
557:
555:
551:
546:
541:
537:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
512:
510:
506:
501:
491:
488:
484:
478:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
434:
425:
416:
414:
410:
409:United States
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
365: →
364:
359:
356:←
352:
351:
345:
338:
334:
331:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
311:
307:
300:
296:
292:
287:
283:-15.5; -130.7
259:
255:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
213:
210:
206:
203:
200:
196:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
128:
124:
120:
110:(operational)
106:
102:
98:
96:
89:
84:
78:
74:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
46:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
4791:
4779:
4767:
4601:
4594:
4588:
4580:
4573:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4374:
4323:Perseverance
4322:
4284:
4277:
4254:
4214:
4197:
4181:New Horizons
4179:
4172:
4165:
4138:
4130:
4106:
4094:
4087:
4074:
4062:
4054:
4015:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3722:
3706:Apollo–Soyuz
3350:
3346:
3330:Transit 5A-1
3322:
3315:
3308:
3211:
3179:
3092:
3085:
3058:
2998:Zenit-2 No.3
2996:
2979:
2967:
2950:
2923:
2913:
2861:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2809:
2738:
2589:Lunar Lander
2576:
2549:
2537:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2393:(late 2020s)
2219:Artemis VIII
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2177:
2170:
2162:
1997:Chang'e 5-T1
1989:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1624:
1586:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1199:Chang'e 5-T1
1112:South Korean
939:
833:
830:Space Policy
829:
823:
812:. Retrieved
802:
793:
784:
775:
766:
757:
734:
710:. Retrieved
679:. Retrieved
675:
665:
592:
574:
558:
554:South Africa
528:
513:
511:trajectory.
497:
479:
472:
441:
430:
401:solar panels
398:
373:
372:
348:
320:spectrometer
135:Manufacturer
41:Mission type
4609:Deep fields
4537:and artwork
4535:NASA images
4107:Opportunity
3576:NASA Social
3402:and history
3304:Explorer 16
3289:Calsphere 1
3224:Explorer 15
3175:Explorer 14
2619:OrbitBeyond
2529:Cancelled /
2397:Argonaut M1
2355:Beresheet 2
2343:Hakuto-R M2
2211:Artemis VII
2179:Artemis III
2017:Longjiang-1
1911:Hakuto-R M1
1474:Longjiang-2
1449:Explorer 35
1093:Chandrayaan
1019:Exploration
877:Reuters.com
871:Reuters.com
681:December 3,
545:Rangers 1-3
540:solar panel
524:transponder
390:seismometer
337:Seismometer
303:Instruments
281: /
257:Impact site
237:Impact date
208:Launch site
182:Launch date
145:Launch mass
116:(to impact)
4798:Categories
4697:Moon rocks
4457:Astronauts
4450:NASA lists
4307:OSIRIS-REx
4141:helicopter
4009:Pioneer 11
4002:Pioneer 10
3805:Hitchhiker
3680:suborbital
3517:Space Race
3160:Alouette 1
2629:Prospector
2604:Lunokhod 3
2477:Moon Diver
2472:McCandless
2385:MoonRanger
2203:Artemis VI
2187:Artemis IV
2164:Artemis II
2062:Mariner 10
1951:Surveyor 2
1946:OMOTENASHI
1765:Lunokhod 1
1683:Surveyor 1
1444:Clementine
814:2023-01-02
658:References
509:translunar
485:, and six
456:gyroscopes
153:Dimensions
4724:Moon tree
4545:Earthrise
4420:Goldstone
4317:Mars 2020
4286:Voyager 2
4279:Voyager 1
4215:Curiosity
4159:operating
4157:Currently
4139:Ingenuity
4076:MESSENGER
4055:Sojourner
3984:Mercury 3
3974:Apollo 11
3921:Discovery
3911:Explorers
3500:Augustine
3464:Augustine
3347:underline
3335:Kosmos 12
3279:NRL PL121
3269:NRL PL120
3202:Kosmos 11
3192:Kosmos 10
3115:Mariner 2
3060:Mariner 1
3044:Telstar 1
2925:Solrad 4B
2644:Ukrselena
2494:DSE-Alpha
2452:Garatéa-L
2442:Blue Moon
2437:Artemis-7
2361:ispace M3
2326:Chang'e 8
2320:Chang'e 7
2263:Luna-Glob
2195:Artemis V
2077:Pioneer 4
2067:NEA Scout
2042:LunaH-Map
1991:Apollo 13
1901:Beresheet
1880:Chang'e 5
1824:Apollo 11
1743:Apollo 15
1633:Chang'e 5
1564:Impactors
1418:Chang'e 1
1413:Artemis I
1331:Apollo 11
1259:Chang'e 3
1215:Queqiao 1
1129:Luna-Glob
550:Caribbean
520:telemetry
516:telemetry
454:sensors,
394:gamma-ray
330:altimeter
317:Gamma ray
248: UTC
193: UTC
114:64 hours
108:10 hours
77:1962-012A
71:COSPAR ID
65:1962 Mu 1
4768:Category
4430:Canberra
4342:timeline
4330:timeline
4266:timeline
4222:timeline
4119:observed
4114:timeline
4082:Aquarius
4022:timeline
3995:Magellan
3957:missions
3855:Surveyor
3791:programs
3721:Shuttle–
3662:programs
3494:Aldridge
3413:creation
3299:FTV-1136
3284:Surcal 2
3264:FTV-1155
3259:FTV-1135
3249:FTV-2405
3244:FTV-1136
3213:1MS No.2
3197:Ranger 5
3187:FTV-1134
3170:FTV-1154
3155:Kosmos 9
3140:FTV-1133
3130:FTV-1132
3120:FTV-1153
3105:FTV-2502
3100:Kosmos 8
3094:Vostok 4
3087:Vostok 3
3081:FTV-2404
3076:FTV-1152
3071:Kosmos 7
3066:FTV-1131
3054:FTV-1130
3049:FTV-2403
3039:Kosmos 6
3034:FTV-1151
3029:FTV-1129
3019:FTV-2312
3014:FTV-2402
3004:FTV-1127
2992:FTV-1128
2987:Kosmos 5
2981:FTV-3501
2963:FTV-3501
2958:FTV-1126
2946:FTV-1125
2941:FTV-2401
2931:Kosmos 4
2919:Kosmos 3
2914:Ranger 4
2909:FTV-1142
2894:Kosmos 2
2889:Kosmos 1
2869:FTV-2301
2852:Ranger 3
2846:Surcal 1
2818:SOLRAD 4
2639:SELENE-2
2614:MoonRise
2609:MoonLITE
2531:concepts
2457:ISOCHRON
2413:missions
2411:Proposed
2147:missions
2082:Ranger 5
1714:EagleCam
1587:Ranger 4
1391:Apollo 8
1383:Orbiters
1316:missions
1301:ArgoMoon
1233:Tiandu-1
1188:CAPSTONE
1176:Orbiters
1169:missions
1151:Lunokhod
1100:Japanese
1069:Surveyor
1029:American
1022:programs
965:Ranger 9
960:Ranger 8
955:Ranger 7
950:Ranger 6
945:Ranger 5
940:Ranger 4
935:Ranger 3
930:Ranger 2
925:Ranger 1
601:See also
595:Ranger 3
580:American
475:Ranger 3
433:Ranger 3
405:far side
374:Ranger 4
363:Ranger 5
358:Ranger 3
269:130°42′W
232:impactor
52:Operator
47:impactor
31:Ranger 4
20:Ranger 4
4780:Commons
4658:Related
4467:by year
4462:by name
4239:GOES 15
4229:GOES 14
4146:flights
4132:InSight
4088:Cassini
4016:Galileo
3941:SIMPLEx
3916:Voyager
3884:Current
3840:Pioneer
3810:Mariner
3789:Robotic
3770:Artemis
3743:Current
3686:Mercury
3678: (
3571:NASA TV
3510:General
3409:History
3351:italics
3310:Midas 6
3294:Relay 1
3274:Injun 3
3229:ANNA 1B
3150:TIROS-6
3024:TIROS-5
3009:OSCAR 2
2952:ANNA 1A
2936:Ariel 1
2899:Midas 5
2884:Samos 6
2857:TIROS-4
2839:Injun 2
2825:LOFTI 2
2739:italics
2663:Related
2584:Lunar-A
2462:LunaNet
2420:Robotic
2387:(2020s)
2381:(2020s)
2375:(2020s)
2349:DESTINY
2303:(2030s)
2301:Luna 31
2297:(2030s)
2295:Luna 30
2291:(2030s)
2289:Luna 29
2283:Luna 28
2277:Luna 27
2271:Luna 26
2247:(2025)
2155:Artemis
2145:Planned
2007:Galileo
2002:Geotail
1865:Luna 16
1805:Jinchan
1617:Landers
1549:SMART-1
1479:Luna 10
1252:Landers
1243:ICUBE-Q
1195:Orbiter
1183:ARTEMIS
1124:Russian
1081:Chang'e
1076:Chinese
1059:Pioneer
1039:Artemis
1009:to the
838:Bibcode
712:19 June
494:Mission
266:15°30′S
242: (
187: (
92:SATCAT
4425:Madrid
4358:Future
4273:NuSTAR
4204:THEMIS
4126:RHESSI
4063:Spirit
3860:Viking
3850:Ranger
3701:Skylab
3696:Apollo
3691:Gemini
3549:Budget
3502:(2009)
3496:(2004)
3490:(2004)
3484:(2003)
3478:(2002)
3476:CFUSAI
3472:(1996)
3466:(1990)
3460:(1989)
3454:(1987)
3448:(1986)
3446:Rogers
3442:(1986)
3436:(1958)
3430:(1958)
3424:(1915)
3400:Policy
3234:Mars 1
3219:STARAD
2798:1963 →
2783:← 1961
2539:Altair
2486:Crewed
2399:(2031)
2369:(2026)
2363:(2026)
2357:(2025)
2351:(2025)
2345:(2024)
2336:Others
2328:(2028)
2322:(2026)
2285:(2030)
2279:(2028)
2273:(2027)
2241:(2024)
2222:(2033)
2214:(2032)
2206:(2031)
2198:(2030)
2190:(2028)
2182:(2026)
2167:(2025)
2132:PAS-22
2107:Zond 3
2087:STEREO
2072:Nozomi
2022:Luna 1
1977:Flybys
1961:Vikram
1916:Luna 5
1799:Sora-Q
1729:Rovers
1708:Vikram
1643:Luna 9
1577:Luna 2
1572:LCROSS
1294:Flybys
1285:Yutu-2
1278:Rovers
1205:Danuri
1167:Active
1141:Crewed
1136:Soviet
1117:Danuri
1088:Indian
1064:Ranger
1034:Apollo
587:Luna 2
584:Soviet
350:Ranger
198:Rocket
4370:NISAR
4325:rover
4297:MAVEN
4217:rover
4198:Swift
4109:rover
4070:LADEE
4065:rover
4057:rover
4034:GRAIL
4029:GALEX
3820:MESUR
3765:Orion
3566:NASA+
3542:Chief
3440:Paine
3324:ERS-4
3317:ERS-3
3254:ERS-1
3145:ERS-2
2879:OSO-1
2832:SECOR
2654:VIPER
2447:BOLAS
2432:ALINA
2057:LunIR
1795:LEV-2
1790:LEV-1
1544:PFS-2
1539:PFS-1
1469:LADEE
1464:Hiten
1459:GRAIL
452:Earth
382:Earth
327:Radar
230:Lunar
215:LC-12
164:135 W
161:Power
45:Lunar
4349:PACE
4292:WISE
4255:Juno
4095:Dawn
4039:WMAP
3979:COBE
3967:Past
3798:Past
3676:X-15
3669:Past
3482:CAIB
3452:Ride
3422:NACA
3392:NASA
3165:TAVE
2791:1962
2649:XL-1
2379:CU-E
2312:CLEP
2245:IM-2
2231:CLPS
2102:Wind
2097:WMAP
2092:TESS
1775:Yutu
1719:IM-1
1314:Past
1269:SLIM
1156:Zond
1146:Luna
1044:CLPS
1011:Moon
714:2012
683:2022
576:NASA
562:Moon
552:and
529:The
450:and
444:AgZn
386:Moon
56:NASA
4302:MMS
3723:Mir
2572:LEO
2012:ICE
846:doi
536:JPL
505:EST
460:MHz
448:Sun
99:280
94:no.
4800::
2578:LK
1985:4M
1941:25
1936:18
1931:15
1875:24
1870:20
1859:17
1852:16
1845:15
1838:14
1831:12
1757:17
1750:16
1678:24
1673:23
1668:21
1663:20
1658:17
1653:16
1648:13
1629:×6
1504:22
1499:19
1494:14
1489:12
1484:11
1454:49
1398:10
1366:17
1359:16
1352:15
1345:14
1338:12
844:.
834:14
832:.
792:.
774:.
756:.
743:^
733:.
722:^
691:^
674:.
572:.
566:UT
556:.
4668:"
4664:"
4437:)
4418:(
3730:)
3712:)
3682:)
3415:)
3411:(
3384:e
3377:t
3370:v
2976:)
2972:(
2774:e
2767:t
2760:v
2741:.
2127:8
2122:7
2117:6
2112:5
2037:6
2032:4
2027:3
1956:4
1926:8
1921:7
1885:6
1801:)
1797:(
1770:2
1703:7
1698:6
1693:5
1688:3
1638:6
1607:9
1602:8
1597:7
1592:6
1529:5
1524:4
1519:3
1514:2
1428:5
1423:2
1375:)
1371:(
1264:4
1238:2
1228:2
1224:)
1221:2
1219:L
999:e
992:t
985:v
906:e
899:t
892:v
852:.
848::
840::
817:.
716:.
685:.
464:W
437:f
246:)
191:)
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