431:
807:
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51:
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312:). The far side has a battered, densely cratered appearance with few maria. Only 1% of the surface of the far side is covered by maria, compared to 31.2% on the near side. One commonly accepted explanation for this difference is related to a higher concentration of heat-producing elements on the near-side hemisphere, as has been demonstrated by
249:
The phrase "dark side of the Moon" does not refer to "dark" as in the absence of light, but rather "dark" as in unknown: until humans were able to send spacecraft around the Moon, this area had never been seen. In reality, both the near and far sides receive (on average) almost equal amounts of light
241:
A common misconception is that the Moon does not rotate on its axis. If that were so, the whole of the Moon would be visible to Earth over the course of its orbit. Instead, its rotation period matches its orbital period, meaning it turns around once for every orbit it makes: in Earth terms, it could
776:
of lunar surface and imaged the Chang'e 6's lander on the lunar surface. The lander-ascender-rover combination was separated with the orbiter and returner before landing on 1 June 2024 at 22:23 UTC. It landed on the Moon's surface on 1 June 2024. The ascender was launched back to lunar orbit on 3
439:
Until the late 1950s, little was known about the far side of the Moon. Librations periodically allowed limited glimpses of features near the lunar limb on the far side, but only up to 59% of the total surface of the Moon. These features were seen from a low angle, hindering useful observation (it
353:
out of 41,000 square degrees of the sky as seen from the Moon. "This makes the Earth negligible as a shield for the Moon it is likely that each side of the Moon has received equal numbers of impacts, but the resurfacing by lava results in fewer craters visible on the near side than the far side,
893:, the location of a major impact event that created a formation nearly 2,400 km (1,500 mi) across. The force of this impact has created a deep penetration into the lunar surface, and a sample returned from this site could be analyzed for information concerning the interior of the Moon.
499:, transmitted 25 pictures of very good quality of the lunar far side, with much better resolution than those from Luna 3. In particular, they revealed chains of craters, hundreds of kilometers in length, but, unexpectedly, no mare plains like those visible from Earth with the naked eye.
2449:
is in deep space far away from any planetary surface and hence the thermal, micrometeoroid, and atomic oxygen environments are vastly superior to those in LEO. Thermodynamic stasis and extended hardware life are far easier to obtain without these punishing conditions seen in LEO.
434:
When the first ever image of the far side of the Moon (A) is restored using advanced noise removal techniques (B) and compared to later LRO mission from NASA (C) the important feature points are distinctly visible and a clear, one to one mapping of the visible feature points are
342:. In this model, the impact led to an accretionary pile rather than a crater, contributing a hemispheric layer of extent and thickness that may be consistent with the dimensions of the far side highlands. The chemical composition of the far side is inconsistent with this model.
2458:
is an ideal location to store propellants and cargos: it is close, high energy, and cold. More importantly, it allows the continuous onward movement of propellants from LEO depots, thus suppressing their size and effectively minimizing the near-Earth boiloff
2610:"China's Chang'e-6 sample return mission (a first ever lunar far side sample-return) is scheduled to launch in May 2024, and expected to take 53 days from launch to return module touchdown. Targeting southern area of Apollo basin (~43º S, 154º W)"
537:
As many prominent landscape features of the far side were discovered by Soviet space probes, Soviet scientists selected names for them. This caused some controversy, though the Soviet
Academy of Sciences selected many non-Soviet names, including
470:
took the first photographs of the lunar far side, eighteen of them resolvable, covering one-third of the surface invisible from the Earth. The images were analysed, and the first atlas of the far side of the Moon was published by the
254:), and by lunar eclipses, which occur only when the far side is already dark. Lunar eclipses mean that the side facing earth receives fractionally less sunlight than the far side when considered over a long period of time.
2521:"China's Rover Finds Layers of Surprise Under Moon's Far Side – The Chang'e-4 mission, the first to land on the lunar far side, is demonstrating the promise and peril of using ground-penetrating radar in planetary science"
388:
The far side exhibits more extreme variations in terrain elevation than the near side. The Moon's highest and lowest points, along with its tallest mountains measured from base to peak, are all located on the farside.
777:
June 2024 at 23:38 UTC, carrying samples collected by the lander, and later completed another robotic rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit. The sample container was then transferred to the returner, which landed in
234:. In total, 59 percent of the Moon's surface is visible from Earth at one time or another. Useful observation of the parts of the far side of the Moon occasionally visible from Earth is difficult because of the low
4232:
853:
is situated near the center of the far side, and the 3-kilometer-high (2 mi) rim would help to block stray communications from orbiting satellites. Another potential candidate for a radio telescope is the
667:
so as to maintain line-of-sight contact with the astronauts during their powered descent and lunar surface operations. NASA administrators rejected these plans on the grounds of added risk and lack of funding.
636:, and photographed by multiple lunar probes. Spacecraft passing behind the Moon were out of direct radio communication with the Earth, and had to wait until the orbit allowed transmission. During the
2418:
265:) whereas the far side of the Moon during the lunar night receives only about 0.001 lux of starlight. Only during a full Moon (as viewed from Earth) is the whole far side of the Moon dark.
882:
of the Earth–Moon system is located about 62,800 km (39,000 mi) above the far side, which has also been proposed as a location for a future radio telescope which would perform a
345:
The far side has more visible craters. This was thought to be a result of the effects of lunar lava flows, which cover and obscure craters, rather than a shielding effect from the Earth.
230:. The other face, most of which is never visible from the Earth, is therefore called the "far side of the Moon". Over time, some crescent-shaped edges of the far side can be seen due to
440:
proved difficult to distinguish a crater from a mountain range). The remaining 82% of the surface on the far side remained unknown, and its properties were subject to much speculation.
272:
has expanded to refer also to the fact that communication with spacecraft can be blocked while the spacecraft is on the far side of the Moon, during Apollo space missions for example.
806:
1733:
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It has also been proposed that the differences between the two hemispheres may have been caused by a collision with a smaller companion moon that also originated from the
651:, who became the last to step onto the Moon, had aggressively lobbied for Apollo 17's landing site to be on the far side of the Moon, targeting the lava-filled crater
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813:
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in the southern hemisphere of the lunar far side and returned to Earth a month later on June 25 with humanity's first lunar samples retrieved from the far side.
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can contaminate equipment, vehicles, and space suits. The conducting materials used for the radio dishes must also be carefully shielded against the effects of
788:
lander, a mission to soft land as early as 2026 a robotic observatory on the far side designed to measure electromagnetic waves from the early history of the
2668:
455:. The true nature of the basin was discovered in the 1960s when rectified images were projected onto a globe. The basin was photographed in fine detail by
695:
rover that have successfully landed in early 2019 on the lunar far side and ground stations on the Earth. L2 is proposed to be "an ideal location" for a
510:, based on data from Zond 3, with the catalog now including 4,000 newly discovered features of the lunar far side landscape. In the same year, the first
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Before space exploration began, astronomers expected that the far side would be similar to the side visible to Earth. On 7 October 1959, the
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space probe became the first spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon, although it failed to return any scientific data before impact.
357:
Newer research suggests that heat from Earth at the time when the Moon was formed is the reason the near side has fewer impact craters. The
2151:
596:"The backside looks like a sand pile my kids have played in for some time. It's all beat up, no definition, just a lot of bumps and holes."
2501:
4165:
3812:
2050:
1725:
447:, which is a prominent impact basin spanning almost 1,000 km (600 miles), yet this was not even named as a feature until 1906, by
1807:
656:
2741:
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1908:
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Because the far side of the Moon is shielded from radio transmissions from the Earth, it is considered a good location for placing
261:
of illumination (about what a city sidewalk under streetlights gets; this is 34 times more light than is received on Earth under a
2014:
1702:
1675:
4151:
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4144:
42:
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2345:
215:
Due to tidal locking, the inhabitants of the central body (Earth) will never be able to see the satellite's (Moon) green area
1625:
153:
astronauts were the first humans to see the far side in person when they orbited the Moon in 1968. All crewed and uncrewed
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720:
680:
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launched by NASA from 1966 to 1967. Most of the coverage of the far side was provided by the final probe in the series,
3014:
640:, the main engine of the Service Module was fired when the vessel was behind the Moon, producing some tense moments in
302:
The two hemispheres of the Moon have distinctly different appearances, with the near side covered in multiple, large
377:
in the mantle. The cooler far side experienced condensation of these elements sooner and so formed a thicker crust;
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4195:
2210:
551:
130:", where "dark" means "unknown" instead of "lacking sunlight" – each location on the Moon experiences two weeks of
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573:
The first truly comprehensive and detailed mapping survey of the far side was undertaken by the
American uncrewed
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17:
331:(which contains the lowest elevations of the Moon and possesses a thin crust) was not as volcanically active as
226:
have slowed the Moon's rotation to the point where the same side is always facing the Earth—a phenomenon called
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916:
reactors. Proponents of lunar settlement have cited the presence of this material as a reason for developing a
641:
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directly from the Sun. This symmetry is complicated by sunlight reflected from the Earth onto the near side (
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295:
869:. Finally, the area around the telescopes must be protected against contamination by other radio sources.
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430:
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31:
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749:, as well as direct analysis of its internal architecture. These were based on observations made by the
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Workshop on New Views of the Moon 2: Understanding the Moon
Through the Integration of Diverse Datasets
1894:
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146:
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Moon maps and globes, created with the participation of Lunar and
Planetary Research Department of SAI
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4286:
3421:
2125:
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1949:
M. Jutzi; E. Asphaug (2011). "Forming the lunar farside highlands by accretion of a companion moon".
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1088:
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on the far side of the Moon. It was CNSA's second lunar sample return mission, the first achieved by
727:
achieved humanity's first ever soft landing on the lunar far side on 3 January 2019 and deployed the
308:(Latin for 'seas,' since the earliest astronomers incorrectly thought that these plains were seas of
38:
3835:
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2137:
1922:
J. J. Gillis; P. D. Spudis (1996). "The
Composition and Geologic Setting of Lunar Far Side Maria".
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472:
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141:. The remaining 82 percent remained unobserved until 1959, when it was photographed by the Soviet
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2400:"Chang'e-4 relay satellite enters halo orbit around Earth-Moon L2, microsatellite in lunar orbit"
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2187:
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998:
988:
773:
745:
In
February 2020, Chinese astronomers reported, for the first time, a high-resolution image of a
655:. Schmitt's ambitious proposal included a special communications satellite based on the existing
637:
339:
323:. While other factors, such as surface elevation and crustal thickness, could also affect where
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3702:
3333:
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2549:"The Moon's farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang'E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar"
2505:
2159:
1524:
1519:
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1203:
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Before deploying radio telescopes to the far side, several problems must be overcome. The fine
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from the lunar near side four years earlier. It also carried a mini "Jinchan" rover to conduct
320:
2954:
Northwest Africa 482, only meteorite believed to have originated from the far side of the Moon
2948:
2184:
Chronology, 1804–1980, to the 150th anniversary of GAISh – Moscow State
University observatory
1193:
137:
About 18 percent of the far side is occasionally visible from Earth due to oscillation and to
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3755:
3725:
3437:
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1602:
1569:
1494:
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1208:
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617:
574:
448:
169:
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87:
110:("seas"), giving it an appearance closer to other barren places in the Solar System such as
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4279:
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3821:
2723:
2633:"China's Chang'e-6 probe arrives at spaceport for first-ever lunar far side sample mission"
2613:
2562:
2372:
2222:
1958:
1931:
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1038:
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Some of the features of the geography of the far side of the Moon are labeled in this image
797:
543:
539:
313:
91:
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One of the NASA missions to the Moon under study would send a sample-return lander to the
475:
on 6 November 1960. It included a catalog of 500 distinguished features of the landscape.
8:
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1123:
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332:
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1962:
1935:
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and geological research tools. The far side of the Moon provides a good environment for
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1982:
1438:
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1313:
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993:
184:
67:
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scale), featuring 95 percent of the lunar surface, were released in the Soviet Union.
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impacts on the near side would sometimes penetrate the thinner crust here and release
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3677:
3642:
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3129:
3000:
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1974:
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At night under a "full Earth" the near side of the Moon receives on the order of 10
190:
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4392:
4114:
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3580:
3396:
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2719:
2580:
2570:
2553:
2479:
2380:
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1966:
1559:
1529:
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1408:
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1338:
1298:
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1248:
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1153:
1113:
1108:
1098:
1043:
978:
948:
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411:
317:
291:
111:
102:. Compared to the near side, the far side's terrain is rugged, with a multitude of
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873:
664:
600:
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4528:
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4121:
3858:
3711:
3474:
2943:
2609:
1999:
Near-side/far-side impact crater counts by David
Morrison and Brad Bailey, NASA.
1986:
1726:"Chang'e 4 landing: China probe makes historic touchdown on far side of the moon"
1579:
1564:
1544:
1423:
1413:
1393:
1353:
1238:
1213:
1173:
1158:
1103:
1093:
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1008:
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953:
938:
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765:
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578:
547:
456:
410:, which revealed for the first time the far side of the Moon. Clearly visible is
180:
173:
115:
63:
2782:
M. B. Duke; B. C. Clark; T. Gamber; P. G. Lucey; G. Ryder; G. J. Taylor (1999).
2454:
is not just a great gateway—it is a great place to store propellants. ... L
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relay satellite in 2018. It has since been used for communications between the
589:
444:
103:
55:
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2000:
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3297:
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3251:
3228:
1453:
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1223:
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1128:
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is relatively rare on the Earth, but has good potential for use as a fuel in
855:
605:
419:
382:
350:
235:
227:
2121:
849:. For much larger-scale telescopes, the 100-kilometer-diameter (60 mi)
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4594:
4569:
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4483:
4437:
4432:
4422:
4417:
4377:
4372:
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4347:
4093:
3909:
3828:
3649:
3527:
3342:
3182:
3056:
2906:"IAU Names Landing Site of Chinese Chang'e-4 Probe on Far Side of the Moon"
2594:
2575:
1978:
1343:
1293:
817:
769:
761:
735:
724:
688:
609:
463:
443:
An example of a far side feature that can be seen through libration is the
423:
415:
199:
166:
162:
154:
119:
3467:
2349:
837:. Small, bowl-shaped craters provide a natural formation for a stationary
4640:
4609:
4604:
4584:
4548:
4402:
4332:
4202:
4186:
4128:
4100:
4086:
4061:
3952:
3902:
3573:
3311:
3290:
3077:
2973:
2781:
2692:"Chang'e-6 lands on far side of the moon to collect unique lunar samples"
1323:
866:
846:
491:) containing lunar features invisible from the Earth was released in the
488:
362:
358:
309:
219:
2223:"Sphæra: the Newsletter of the Museum of the History of Science, Oxford"
1970:
1834:"China returns samples from the moon's far side in historic 1st (video)"
4533:
4513:
4302:
4015:
3594:
3520:
3460:
3414:
3356:
3175:
2742:"NASA, Department of Energy Join Forces on Innovative Lunar Experiment"
1806:
Lee, Liz; Roulette, Joey; Brock, Joe; Baptista, Eduardo (2 June 2024).
901:
897:
834:
699:
as part of the proposed depot-based space transportation architecture.
303:
281:
251:
211:
107:
50:
4735:
4675:
2936:
2305:"Works of the Department of lunar and planetary research of GAISh MGU"
495:, based on images from Luna 3. On 20 July 1965, another Soviet probe,
37:"Dark side of the Moon" redirects here. For the Pink Floyd album, see
4022:
4008:
3994:
3971:
3920:
3550:
3274:
3214:
3168:
3100:
2696:
2637:
1808:"China lands on moon's far side in historic sample-retrieval mission"
838:
633:
629:
613:
378:
366:
262:
243:
231:
138:
71:
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on 25 June 2024, completing China's far side sample return mission.
4029:
3987:
3964:
3842:
3207:
2921:
1782:"China launches Chang'e-6 to retrieve samples from moon's far side"
1328:
917:
905:
862:
789:
625:
585:
567:
374:
286:
150:
131:
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on 3 May 2024, which conducted the first lunar sample return from
707:
354:
even though both sides have received the same number of impacts."
3221:
2727:
2617:
909:
684:
370:
2342:
The Soviet Space
Program – The Lunar Mission Years: 1959 to 1976
734:
The craft included a lander equipped with a low-frequency radio
385:
that created the maria, but would rarely do so on the far side.
2937:
Ralph
Aeschliman Planetary Cartography and Graphics: Lunar Maps
2038:
754:
728:
692:
507:
496:
467:
407:
324:
195:
142:
4271:
1649:
O'Conner, Patricia T.; Kellerman, Stewart (6 September 2011).
584:
The far side was first seen directly by human eyes during the
402:
183:
on the far side, where the Moon would shield it from possible
30:
This article is about the lunar phenomenon. For the film, see
3895:
3718:
3536:
3159:
2419:"Evolving to a Depot-Based Space Transportation Architecture"
223:
83:
2823:
2661:"China's Chang'e-6 is carrying a surprise rover to the moon"
246:
and its year have the same length (i.e., ~29.5 earth days).
3927:
3283:
3023:
2472:"Chinese spacecraft makes first landing on moon's far side"
1756:"Chinese spacecraft makes first landing on moon's far side"
793:
563:
492:
346:
95:
4699:
816:
The first panorama from the far side of the Moon taken by
1860:"Down to Earth: The Apollo Moon Missions That Never Were"
742:
as interferences from the Earth are blocked by the Moon.
258:
2502:"China aims to land Chang'e-4 probe on far side of moon"
1921:
1805:
1644:
1642:
27:
Hemisphere of the Moon that always faces away from Earth
2992:
2959:
Moon articles in Planetary Science Research Discoveries
2504:. Xinhua English News. 8 September 2015. Archived from
786:
Lunar Surface Electromagnetics Experiment (LuSEE-Night)
165:
spacecraft made the first landing on the far side. The
149:
published the first atlas of the far side in 1960. The
2784:"Sample Return Mission to the South Pole Aitken Basin"
1619:
1617:
4664:
2908:. International Astronomical Union. 15 February 2019.
1648:
1639:
2949:
Full Moon Atlas: Lunar Far Side at lunarrepublic.com
2391:
82:
is the lunar hemisphere that always faces away from
2988:
magazine (Nov. 9, 1959) article about first photos.
2417:Zegler, Frank; Kutter, Bernard (2 September 2010).
1614:
679:covering the Moon's far side has been realized, as
2015:"55-year-old dark side of the moon mystery solved"
1948:
1909:"Dark No More: Exploring the Far Side of the Moon"
1676:"55-year-old dark side of the moon mystery solved"
1669:
1667:
904:are expected to have the highest concentration of
896:Because the near side is partly shielded from the
194:The ground surface of the lunar far side with the
2922:Lunar and Planetary Institute: Exploring the Moon
4748:
349:calculates that the Earth obscures only about 4
238:from Earth (they cannot be observed "full on").
126:. The hemisphere has sometimes been called the "
2927:NASA takes first video of dark side of the Moon
2410:
2152:"Aeronautics and Astronautics Chronology, 1960"
1664:
134:while the opposite location experiences night.
2757:"Astronomers push for observatory on the moon"
2683:
2601:
1690:
824:
179:Astronomers have suggested installing a large
4287:
3008:
2711:
2547:Li, Chunlai; et al. (26 February 2020).
327:erupt, these do not explain why the far side
54:Photograph of the far side of the Moon, with
2932:Lunar and Planetary Institute: Lunar Atlases
2607:
2512:
2416:
2075:
2073:
2071:
1626:"The Dark Side of the Moon: a Short History"
2748:
2546:
2540:
2426:AIAA SPACE 2010 Conference & Exposition
2136:АТЛАС ОБРАТНОЙ СТОРОНЫ ЛУНЫ, Ч. 1, Moscow:
2001:http://lunarscience.nasa.gov/?question=3318
624:It has been seen by all 24 men who flew on
616:in 1972. It is much more cratered than the
172:was launched on May 3, 2024, landed in the
118:. It has one of the largest craters in the
4294:
4280:
3015:
3001:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
1857:
1623:
721:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2584:
2574:
2068:
2051:"How much moon do we see? | EarthSky.org"
1831:
557:
2717:
927:
706:
599:
429:
401:
285:
210:
189:
49:
2889:
2829:
2754:
2344:. Schiffer Publishing Ltd. p. 29.
2275:"Observing the Moon Throughout History"
14:
4749:
2963:
2854:
2339:
2333:
2241:"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details"
2199:
2197:
2195:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2100:"NASA – NSSDCA – Spacecraft – Details"
2012:
1889:
1887:
1699:"What's on the Dark Side of the Moon?"
1673:
43:Dark Side of the Moon (disambiguation)
4275:
2996:
2871:"Chang'e-4's moon landing site named"
2830:Schmitt, Harrison (7 December 2004).
2689:
2658:
2630:
2518:
2397:
2013:Messer, A'ndrea Elyse (9 June 2014).
1696:
1674:Messer, A'ndrea Elyse (9 June 2014).
588:mission in December, 1968. Astronaut
524:scale) and updated complete globe (1:
2842:from the original on 15 October 2013
1901:
731:lunar rover onto the lunar surface.
397:
2755:Stenger, Richard (9 January 2002).
2519:Chang, Kenneth (26 February 2020).
2192:
2149:
2110:
2079:
1884:
1736:from the original on 3 January 2019
711:The Chang'e-4 lander imaged by the
681:China National Space Administration
66:(top left) being visible, taken by
24:
1624:Sigurdsson, Steinn (9 June 2014).
671:The idea of utilizing Earth–Moon L
554:later accepted many of the names.
414:(top right) and a mare triplet of
161:, until January 3, 2019, when the
25:
4773:
4233:Lilith (hypothetical second moon)
2915:
2805:"Thar's Gold in Tham Lunar Hills"
2631:Jones, Andrew (10 January 2024).
2428:. AIAA. p. 4. Archived from
1723:
923:
908:on the surface of the Moon. This
659:satellites to be launched into a
504:Atlas of the Far Side of the Moon
106:and relatively few flat and dark
4734:
4722:
4710:
4698:
4686:
4674:
4255:
4254:
4196:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3119:
805:
552:International Astronomical Union
502:In 1967, the second part of the
198:rover (center), captured by the
4301:
3618:Selenographic coordinate system
2797:
2775:
2734:
2671:from the original on 8 May 2024
2652:
2624:
2608:Andrew Jones (25 April 2023).
2494:
2464:
2356:
2315:
2297:
2267:
2251:
2233:
2215:
2174:
2143:
2130:
2092:
2043:
2032:
2006:
1993:
1942:
1915:
1866:
1851:
702:
604:The far side of the Moon, with
4145:Artificial objects on the Moon
2720:"落月时刻 2024-06-02 06:23:15.861"
2398:Jones, Andrew (14 June 2018).
2082:"The Re-Designed Solar System"
1825:
1799:
1774:
1748:
1717:
392:
275:
13:
1:
3236:Total penumbral lunar eclipse
2690:Jones, Andrew (1 June 2024).
2385:10.1016/S0265-9646(97)00038-6
1697:Falin, Lee (5 January 2015).
1608:
661:Farquhar–Lissajous halo orbit
644:before the craft reappeared.
206:
4211:Moon is made of green cheese
3505:Permanently shadowed craters
2659:Jones, Andrew (6 May 2024).
886:about the Lagrangian point.
715:rover on the lunar far side.
478:In 1961, the first globe (1:
406:The 7 October 1959 image by
373:condensed and combined with
296:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
7:
2726:) (in Chinese) – via
2258:Atlas Obratnoy Storony Luny
1924:Lunar and Planetary Science
1895:"The Dark Side of the Moon"
1651:"The Dark Side of the Moon"
1586:
900:by the Earth, the far side
825:Potential uses and missions
32:Far Side of the Moon (film)
10:
4778:
4138:Craters named after people
3611:Transient lunar phenomenon
3259:Solar eclipses on the Moon
2003:. Accessed 9 January 2013.
1832:Mike Wall (25 June 2024).
1149:Hippocrates (lunar crater)
279:
147:Soviet Academy of Sciences
36:
29:
4654:List of maria on the Moon
4649:
4623:
4557:
4446:
4325:
4309:
4249:
4078:
4046:
3951:
3868:
3788:
3627:
3330:
3128:
3117:
3039:
3030:
2718:Seger Yu (1 June 2024).
2126:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
2080:Ley, Willy (April 1966).
2039:The Moon's Highs and Lows
1550:Von Kármán (lunar crater)
1179:Kamerlingh Onnes (crater)
1089:Esnault-Pelterie (crater)
612:visible, photographed by
39:The Dark Side of the Moon
3022:
2978:University of Nottingham
2138:USSR Academy of Sciences
2084:. For Your Information.
1456:(Chang'e 4 landing site)
1399:Priestley (lunar crater)
1364:Paraskevopoulos (crater)
1334:Nicholson (lunar crater)
677:communications satellite
512:Complete Map of the Moon
473:USSR Academy of Sciences
4159:Moon in science fiction
3664:Giant-impact hypothesis
3512:South Pole–Aitken basin
1874:"Libration of the Moon"
1598:Giant-impact hypothesis
1449:South Pole–Aitken basin
999:Campbell (lunar crater)
989:Bjerknes (lunar crater)
891:South Pole–Aitken basin
751:Lunar Penetrating Radar
329:South Pole–Aitken basin
157:had taken place on the
124:South Pole–Aitken basin
4180:futuristic exploration
3703:Late Heavy Bombardment
2966:"Far Side of the Moon"
2576:10.1126/sciadv.aay6898
2340:Reichl, Eugen (2019).
2086:Galaxy Science Fiction
1525:Van der Waals (crater)
1520:Van de Graaff (crater)
1500:Tyndall (lunar crater)
1204:Korolev (lunar crater)
933:
796:and the United States
792:is being developed by
716:
621:
598:
558:Further survey mission
436:
427:
361:consists primarily of
321:gamma-ray spectrometer
299:
216:
203:
75:
58:(center left) and the
41:. For other uses, see
4240:Splitting of the Moon
4152:Memorials on the Moon
3756:Lunar sample displays
3438:Peak of eternal light
2964:Merrifield, Michael.
2759:. CNN. Archived from
2508:on 10 September 2015.
2019:Penn State University
1603:Near side of the Moon
1570:Wright (lunar crater)
1495:Tsiolkovskiy (crater)
1480:Tikhov (lunar crater)
1384:Pettit (lunar crater)
1209:Kovalevskaya (crater)
1119:Gerasimovich (crater)
969:Belopol'skiy (crater)
931:
774:infrared spectroscopy
747:lunar ejecta sequence
710:
618:near side of the Moon
603:
594:
575:Lunar Orbiter program
433:
405:
289:
214:
193:
170:sample-return mission
159:near side of the Moon
128:Dark side of the Moon
53:
2122:Луна (спутник Земли)
1419:Schlesinger (crater)
1349:Oppenheimer (crater)
1144:H. G. Wells (crater)
1139:Hertzsprung (crater)
1039:Coulomb-Sarton Basin
798:Department of Energy
647:Geologist-astronaut
592:described the view:
92:synchronous rotation
80:far side of the Moon
3740:Lunar laser ranging
2942:29 May 2015 at the
2567:2020SciA....6.6898L
2377:1998SpPol..14....5.
2285:on 22 December 2007
2245:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
2104:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
2088:. pp. 126–136.
1971:10.1038/nature10289
1963:2011Natur.476...69J
1936:1996LPI....27..413G
1705:on 30 November 2018
1593:Geology of the Moon
1555:Von Zeipel (crater)
1515:van't Hoff (crater)
1444:Sommerfeld (crater)
1429:Shternberg (crater)
1194:Kolhörster (crater)
1124:Gullstrand (crater)
1049:d'Alembert (crater)
1029:Chernyshev (crater)
1014:Cassegrain (crater)
974:Bergstrand (crater)
964:Bel'kovich (crater)
753:(LPR) on board the
333:Oceanus Procellarum
290:Detailed view with
3889:Lunisolar calendar
3558:Lunar basalt 70017
3305:Tidal acceleration
3160:Perigee and apogee
3050:Internal structure
2877:. 17 February 2019
2526:The New York Times
2150:Launius, Roger D.
1897:. 18 January 2013.
1439:Sniadecki (crater)
1434:Shuleykin (crater)
1359:Pannekoek (crater)
1314:Michelson (crater)
1309:Mendeleev (crater)
1289:Mare Humboldtianum
1259:Lucretius (crater)
994:Bok (lunar crater)
934:
717:
622:
562:On 26 April 1962,
437:
428:
335:on the near side.
316:obtained from the
300:
217:
204:
185:radio interference
86:, opposite to the
76:
4662:
4661:
4269:
4268:
4219:Natural satellite
3678:Lunar magma ocean
3454:Volcanic features
2836:Popular Mechanics
2832:"Mining the Moon"
2811:. 28 January 2006
2309:selena.sai.msu.ru
2279:Adler Planetarium
1678:. Penn State News
1575:Yamamoto (crater)
1540:Virtanen (crater)
1535:Vertregt (crater)
1470:Sverdrup (crater)
1465:Stoletov (crater)
1460:Stebbins (crater)
1404:Quetelet (crater)
1369:Parenago (crater)
1319:Montes Cordillera
1274:McKellar (crater)
1269:Maksutov (crater)
1254:Leibnitz (crater)
1244:Langevin (crater)
1184:Kirkwood (crater)
1079:Ellerman (crater)
1069:Delporte (crater)
1059:Davisson (crater)
1054:Daedalus (crater)
1024:Chappell (crater)
1019:Chandler (crater)
984:Birkhoff (crater)
959:Avogadro (crater)
506:was published in
398:Early exploration
242:be said that its
145:space probe. The
16:(Redirected from
4769:
4739:
4738:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4703:
4702:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4679:
4678:
4670:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4273:
4272:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4205:
4198:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4161:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4089:
4071:
4064:
4062:Meridian passage
4057:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3861:
3854:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3781:
3779:Lunar seismology
3772:
3765:
3758:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3712:Lunar meteorites
3705:
3698:
3691:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3581:Space weathering
3576:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3440:
3433:
3424:
3417:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3323:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3194:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3146:Orbital elements
3141:
3123:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2867:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2763:on 25 March 2007
2752:
2746:
2745:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2578:
2554:Science Advances
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2482:. 3 January 2019
2480:Associated Press
2468:
2462:
2461:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2371:(1): 5–8. 1998.
2360:
2354:
2353:
2337:
2331:
2323:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2281:. Archived from
2271:
2265:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2227:www.mhs.ox.ac.uk
2219:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2158:. Archived from
2147:
2141:
2134:
2128:
2119:
2108:
2107:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2077:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2047:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1911:. 29 April 2013.
1905:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1870:
1864:
1863:
1858:Kenneth Silber.
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1762:. 3 January 2019
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1701:. Archived from
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1621:
1560:Wan-Hoo (crater)
1530:Vavilov (crater)
1510:Vallis Inghirami
1490:Tsinger (crater)
1475:Tianjin (crater)
1409:Rowland (crater)
1389:Pirquet (crater)
1379:Perrine (crater)
1374:Patsaev (crater)
1339:Nishina (crater)
1299:Mare Moscoviense
1264:Lunar south pole
1249:Lebedev (crater)
1234:Lacus Oblivionis
1199:Komarov (crater)
1154:Houzeau (crater)
1114:Ganskiy (crater)
1109:Fridman (crater)
1099:Fleming (crater)
1044:Crookes (crater)
979:Berkner (crater)
949:Anuchin (crater)
831:radio telescopes
809:
697:propellant depot
649:Harrison Schmitt
533:
532:
529:
523:
522:
519:
487:
486:
483:
412:Mare Moscoviense
318:Lunar Prospector
314:geochemical maps
294:visible, by the
292:Mare Moscoviense
68:Orion spacecraft
21:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4733:
4723:
4721:
4711:
4709:
4697:
4687:
4685:
4673:
4665:
4663:
4658:
4645:
4619:
4553:
4442:
4428:Tranquillitatis
4321:
4305:
4300:
4270:
4265:
4253:
4245:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4127:
4122:Man in the Moon
4120:
4113:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4047:Daily phenomena
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3995:Super and micro
3993:
3986:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3880:
3870:
3864:
3859:Lunar resources
3857:
3850:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3784:
3777:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3745:
3738:
3733:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3623:
3616:
3609:
3602:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3526:
3519:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3436:
3429:
3420:
3413:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3374:
3367:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3332:
3326:
3319:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3273:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3190:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3158:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3124:
3115:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3035:
3026:
3021:
2944:Wayback Machine
2918:
2913:
2904:
2903:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2828:
2824:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2786:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2753:
2749:
2744:. 6 March 2023.
2740:
2739:
2735:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2700:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2629:
2625:
2606:
2602:
2561:(9): eaay6898.
2545:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2517:
2513:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2435:on 24 June 2014
2432:
2421:
2415:
2411:
2396:
2392:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2338:
2334:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2260:, p.2, Moscow:
2256:
2252:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2203:
2202:
2193:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2162:on 14 July 2021
2156:www.hq.nasa.gov
2148:
2144:
2135:
2131:
2120:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2078:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1994:
1957:(7358): 69–72.
1947:
1943:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1722:
1718:
1708:
1706:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1615:
1611:
1589:
1584:
1580:Zhinyu (crater)
1565:Wiener (crater)
1545:Volkov (crater)
1424:Shaler (crater)
1414:Sarton (crater)
1394:Pogson (crater)
1354:Oresme (crater)
1239:Lander (crater)
1214:Kugler (crater)
1174:Jenner (crater)
1159:Icarus (crater)
1104:Fowler (crater)
1094:Finsen (crater)
1034:Comrie (crater)
1009:Carnot (crater)
1004:Cantor (crater)
954:Apollo (crater)
939:Aitken (crater)
926:
884:Lissajous orbit
877:
851:crater Daedalus
827:
822:
821:
820:
815:
810:
740:radio astronomy
705:
674:
642:Mission Control
638:Apollo missions
579:Lunar Orbiter 5
560:
530:
527:
525:
520:
517:
515:
484:
481:
479:
457:Lunar Orbiter 4
400:
395:
340:Theia collision
284:
278:
209:
181:radio telescope
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Far side (Moon)
15:
12:
11:
5:
4775:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4744:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4561:
4559:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4519:Perseverantiae
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4299:
4298:
4291:
4284:
4276:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4191:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4125:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4082:
4080:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3968:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3942:Lunar distance
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3913:
3892:
3885:
3882:Lunar calendar
3877:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3806:Apollo program
3794:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3731:
3730:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3674:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3614:
3607:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3588:Micrometeorite
3577:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3565:Changesite-(Y)
3561:
3547:
3544:Wrinkle ridges
3540:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3450:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3393:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3372:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3338:
3336:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3239:
3218:
3211:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3172:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3142:
3139:Lunar distance
3134:
3132:
3126:
3125:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3097:
3090:
3087:Magnetic field
3083:
3082:
3081:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3045:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2982:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2916:External links
2914:
2912:
2911:
2888:
2853:
2822:
2796:
2774:
2747:
2733:
2710:
2682:
2651:
2623:
2616:) – via
2600:
2539:
2511:
2493:
2476:Times of India
2463:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2409:
2390:
2363:"Discussion".
2355:
2332:
2314:
2296:
2266:
2250:
2232:
2214:
2191:
2173:
2142:
2129:
2109:
2091:
2067:
2042:
2031:
2005:
1992:
1941:
1914:
1900:
1883:
1865:
1850:
1824:
1798:
1773:
1747:
1716:
1689:
1663:
1638:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Vallis Bouvard
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1485:Titov (crater)
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Mare Orientale
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1229:Lacus Luxuriae
1226:
1221:
1219:Kulik (crater)
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1189:Klute (crater)
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1169:Izsak (crater)
1166:
1164:Ioffe (crater)
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1084:Emden (crater)
1081:
1076:
1074:Dyson (crater)
1071:
1066:
1064:Debus (crater)
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
944:Amici (crater)
941:
935:
925:
924:Named features
922:
880:Lagrange point
875:
826:
823:
812:
811:
804:
803:
802:
779:Inner Mongolia
760:CNSA launched
704:
701:
672:
590:William Anders
559:
556:
445:Mare Orientale
426:(left center).
399:
396:
394:
391:
351:square degrees
277:
274:
208:
205:
104:impact craters
56:Mare Orientale
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4774:
4763:
4762:Lunar science
4760:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4694:
4684:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4668:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4363:Humboldtianum
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4226:Double planet
4223:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4108:Moon illusion
4105:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4087:Lunar deities
4084:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:Lunar station
3932:
3929:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3869:Time-telling
3867:
3860:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3444:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3322:
3321:Lunar station
3318:
3313:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:Tidal locking
3295:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3266:Eclipse cycle
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3252:Solar eclipse
3249:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:Lunar eclipse
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3193:
3189:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:Gravity field
3068:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3011:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2970:Sixty Symbols
2967:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2876:
2872:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2826:
2810:
2806:
2800:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2762:
2758:
2751:
2743:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2686:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2627:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2596:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2543:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2460:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2306:
2300:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2189:
2185:
2177:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2035:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1918:
1910:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1861:
1854:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:Lyons, Kate.
1720:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1677:
1670:
1668:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1627:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:Statio Tianhe
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Mare Frigoris
1282:
1280:
1279:Mare Australe
1277:
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1224:Lamb (crater)
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1134:Hegu (crater)
1132:
1130:
1129:Hayn (crater)
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
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1110:
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1097:
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606:Mare Marginis
602:
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582:
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569:
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548:Thomas Edison
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420:Mare Marginis
417:
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383:basaltic lava
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236:viewing angle
233:
229:
228:tidal locking
225:
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197:
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155:soft landings
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90:, because of
89:
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73:
69:
65:
64:crater Apollo
61:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
4729:Solar System
4474:Excellentiae
4353:Fecunditatis
4094:Lunar effect
3910:Nodal period
3836:Colonization
3650:Lunar theory
3375:
3343:Selenography
3183:Nodal period
2985:
2969:
2879:. Retrieved
2874:
2844:. Retrieved
2835:
2825:
2813:. Retrieved
2809:Daily Record
2808:
2799:
2790:
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2761:the original
2750:
2736:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2695:
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2664:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2636:
2626:
2603:
2558:
2552:
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2524:
2514:
2506:the original
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2475:
2466:
2444:
2437:. Retrieved
2430:the original
2425:
2412:
2403:
2393:
2368:
2365:Space Policy
2364:
2358:
2341:
2335:
2322:(in Russian)
2317:
2308:
2299:
2287:. Retrieved
2283:the original
2278:
2269:
2257:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2204:(in Russian)
2181:(in Russian)
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:the original
2155:
2145:
2132:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2058:. Retrieved
2055:earthsky.org
2054:
2045:
2034:
2022:. Retrieved
2018:
2008:
1995:
1954:
1950:
1944:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1903:
1877:
1868:
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:
1801:
1789:. Retrieved
1785:
1776:
1764:. Retrieved
1759:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1730:The Guardian
1729:
1719:
1709:16 September
1707:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1692:
1682:16 September
1680:. Retrieved
1656:16 September
1654:. Retrieved
1631:16 September
1629:. Retrieved
1344:Ohm (crater)
1294:Mare Ingenii
895:
888:
871:
867:solar flares
860:
828:
783:
766:Apollo Basin
759:
744:
736:spectrograph
733:
718:
712:
703:Soft landing
670:
653:Tsiolkovskiy
646:
623:
610:Mare Smythii
595:
583:
572:
561:
536:
511:
503:
501:
477:
461:
452:
449:Julius Franz
442:
438:
424:Mare Smythii
416:Mare Crisium
387:
365:formed when
363:plagioclases
356:
344:
337:
304:
301:
269:
267:
256:
248:
240:
220:Tidal forces
218:
187:from Earth.
178:
174:Apollo basin
136:
127:
120:Solar System
79:
77:
59:
47:
4757:Hemispheres
4717:Outer space
4631:Epidemiarum
4575:Asperitatis
4524:Solitudinis
4479:Felicitatis
4413:Serenitatis
4393:Moscoviense
4317:Procellarum
4303:Lunar maria
4203:Moon Treaty
4187:Hollow Moon
4129:Moon rabbit
4101:Earth phase
3903:Lunar month
3790:Exploration
3734:Experiments
3636:Observation
3498:Ray systems
3363:Hemispheres
3331:Surface and
3312:Tidal range
3291:Tidal force
3094:Sodium tail
3078:Hill sphere
2974:Brady Haran
2881:16 February
2875:China Daily
2532:27 February
1817:6 September
1324:Montes Rook
856:Saha crater
847:Puerto Rico
841:similar to
835:astronomers
833:for use by
691:lander and
663:around the
544:Marie Curie
540:Jules Verne
435:noticeable.
393:Exploration
359:lunar crust
310:lunar water
276:Differences
108:lunar maria
70:during the
4751:Categories
4636:Putredinis
4580:Concordiae
4509:Oblivionis
4173:Apollo era
4115:Pareidolia
3873:navigation
3595:Sputtering
3475:Lava tubes
3397:South pole
3390:North pole
3350:Terminator
3192:Precession
3108:Earthshine
3064:Atmosphere
3057:Topography
3042:properties
2815:26 January
2767:26 January
2644:10 January
2459:penalties.
2439:25 January
2350:0764356755
2289:1 December
2166:14 January
2060:6 February
1609:References
898:solar wind
863:lunar dust
282:Lunar mare
280:See also:
252:earthshine
207:Definition
4693:Astronomy
4615:Successus
4529:Somniorum
4494:Lenitatis
4464:Bonitatis
4408:Orientale
4383:Insularum
3921:Fortnight
3813:Explorers
3770:Apollo 17
3763:Apollo 11
3726:Volcanism
3696:Timescale
3643:Libration
3431:Mountains
3369:Near side
3275:Supermoon
3215:Full moon
3169:Libration
3101:Moonlight
2846:7 October
2697:SpaceNews
2665:SpaceNews
2638:SpaceNews
2486:3 January
2404:SpaceNews
2325:Moon Maps
1838:Space.com
1766:3 January
1740:3 January
918:Moon base
839:telescope
818:Chang'e 4
770:Chang'e 5
762:Chang'e 6
725:Chang'e 4
689:Chang'e 4
683:launched
634:Apollo 17
630:Apollo 10
614:Apollo 16
459:in 1967.
379:meteoroid
375:silicates
367:aluminium
268:The word
263:full Moon
232:libration
200:Chang'e 4
167:Chang'e 6
163:Chang'e 4
139:libration
88:near side
72:Artemis 1
4539:Temporis
4499:Luxuriae
4489:Hiemalis
4454:Aestatis
4398:Nectaris
4388:Marginis
4358:Frigoris
4343:Cognitum
4338:Australe
4260:Category
4055:Moonrise
3988:Crescent
3928:Sennight
3843:Moonbase
3799:Missions
3468:Calderas
3376:Far side
3334:features
3222:Eclipses
3208:New moon
3153:Distance
3040:Physical
2976:for the
2940:Archived
2840:Archived
2669:Archived
2595:32133404
1979:21814278
1734:Archived
1587:See also
1329:Mons Tai
906:helium-3
790:universe
665:L2 point
632:through
626:Apollo 8
586:Apollo 8
568:Ranger 4
453:Der Mond
151:Apollo 8
132:sunlight
116:Callisto
4741:Science
4681:Geology
4667:Portals
4624:Paludes
4600:Lunicus
4590:Honoris
4565:Aestuum
4544:Timoris
4469:Doloris
4459:Autumni
4438:Vaporum
4433:Undarum
4423:Spumans
4418:Smythii
4378:Ingenii
4373:Imbrium
4368:Humorum
4348:Crisium
4310:Oceanus
4079:Related
4069:Moonset
3852:Tourism
3829:Landing
3689:Geology
3628:Science
3484:Craters
3447:Valleys
3033:Outline
2728:Twitter
2618:Twitter
2586:7043921
2563:Bibcode
2373:Bibcode
2024:27 June
1959:Bibcode
1932:Bibcode
1930:: 413.
1843:26 June
1812:Reuters
1760:AP NEWS
910:isotope
843:Arecibo
757:rover.
685:Queqiao
371:calcium
325:basalts
112:Mercury
94:in the
74:mission
62:of the
4595:Iridum
4570:Amoris
4504:Mortis
4484:Gaudii
4403:Nubium
4333:Anguis
4037:Tetrad
3953:Phases
3822:Probes
3657:Origin
3604:Quakes
3537:Rilles
3528:swirls
3243:Tetrad
3201:Syzygy
2703:1 June
2593:
2583:
2348:
2264:, 1967
2140:, 1960
1985:
1977:
1951:Nature
1786:Xinhua
914:fusion
755:Yutu-2
729:Yutu-2
713:Yutu-2
693:Yutu 2
550:. The
508:Moscow
497:Zond 3
468:Luna 3
466:probe
464:Soviet
408:Luna 3
202:lander
196:Yutu-2
143:Luna 3
122:, the
4705:Stars
4641:Somni
4610:Roris
4605:Medii
4585:Fidei
4558:Sinus
4549:Veris
4447:Lacus
4016:Black
4002:Blood
3979:Names
3957:names
3896:Month
3747:ALSEP
3719:KREEP
3671:Theia
3574:Water
3551:Rocks
3461:Domes
3415:Maria
3384:Poles
3176:Nodes
3130:Orbit
2793:: 11.
2787:(PDF)
2724:Tweet
2675:8 May
2614:Tweet
2433:(PDF)
2422:(PDF)
2262:Nauka
1987:84558
1983:S2CID
1791:4 May
902:maria
657:TIROS
489:scale
305:maria
298:(LRO)
224:Earth
222:from
100:orbit
84:Earth
4534:Spei
4514:Odii
4326:Mare
4166:list
4023:Dark
4009:Blue
3972:Full
3871:and
3521:Soil
3491:List
3422:List
3404:Face
3357:Limb
3284:Tide
3024:Moon
2986:LIFE
2883:2019
2848:2013
2817:2007
2769:2007
2705:2024
2677:2024
2646:2024
2591:PMID
2534:2020
2488:2019
2441:2011
2346:ASIN
2291:2020
2168:2007
2062:2019
2026:2016
1975:PMID
1878:NASA
1845:2024
1819:2024
1793:2024
1768:2019
1742:2019
1711:2017
1684:2017
1658:2017
1633:2017
872:The
794:NASA
784:The
719:The
675:for
628:and
608:and
564:NASA
546:and
493:USSR
422:and
369:and
347:NASA
270:dark
114:and
96:Moon
78:The
60:mare
4030:Wet
3965:New
3955:and
2581:PMC
2571:doi
2381:doi
2329:MSU
2211:SAI
2188:MSU
1967:doi
1955:476
845:in
723:'s
566:'s
531:000
528:000
521:000
518:000
514:(1:
485:000
482:600
451:in
259:lux
244:day
98:'s
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2112:^
2102:.
2070:^
2053:.
2017:.
1981:.
1973:.
1965:.
1953:.
1928:27
1926:.
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1836:.
1810:.
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1641:^
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542:,
526:10
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2573::
2565::
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2229:.
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2064:.
2028:.
1989:.
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1961::
1938:.
1934::
1880:.
1862:.
1847:.
1821:.
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1744:.
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20:)
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