1029:
27:
241:
366:
wing in 1919-1921, the paper continued to maintain its readership, hitting a circulation of 10,000 in 1927. This proved to be the high-water mark for the publication, however, as restrictions to
American immigration law imposed in the 1920s virtually halted Finnish-speaking newcomers for many years.
374:
in 1929, and the ensuing depression decade, readership of the
Finnish language press in the United States began to atrophy. In the two decades from 1920 to 1940, the number of Finnish speakers in America who were born abroad fell by 27 percent, declining to just over 117,000 — constricting possible
199:
The popular Taino's firing led to a spate of organizational activity by local
Fitchburg socialists, who sought to establish a new publication with a more definite socialist orientation under Taino's direction. A mass meeting was held on January 1, 1905, at which it was decided to move forward with
385:
daily schedule was maintained throughout the 1940s, when the paper began appearing less frequently due to declining circulation and revenue. During the 1960s the paper was being issued only three times a week, with a further decline to semi-weekly and later weekly status in the 1970s.
196:. For a time the alliance seemed to be working, with the profit-seeking, nominally socialist publication quickly growing to a circulation of nearly 4,000. By the end of the year differences over the function and goals of the paper led to Heisson terminating his outspoken editor.
200:
such a venture, and a board of directors was elected. Fundraising was begun, reaching the $ 100 mark by the end of
January, and a room was rented to serve as the provisional office for the new publication — ironically located directly across a corridor from the office of
150:
During its final years the publication included both
English language and Finnish language content. It was last edited by Marita Cauthen from 1984 until its termination in 2009. Today the not-for-profit Raivaaja Foundation still runs a website and an online bookstore.
389:
By 1950 the circulation of the newspaper had fallen to 5,750, with further attrition following until by the middle of the 1970s a plateau of just over 2,000 copies was reached. This same figure would be claimed by the publication more than a quarter century later.
219:
following a convention held in the summer of 1906. The initial subscription rate was set at $ 1.25 per year, postpaid through the mail, with fixed costs of approximately $ 300 per month projected, including a salary of $ 12 per week to be paid to editor Tainio.
292:
position during the factional war of the
Finnish Socialist Federation. The paper peaked with a circulation of 10,000 in 1927 before a long downward slide. The list of editors include major names of Finnish American labor movement such as
231:
This entity formally changed its name in 1929 to the more familiar
Raivaaja Publishing Company. The circulation of the publication during its first year of existence was approximately 2,000 copies per issue.
320:, the Finnish Socialist Federation similarly remade itself as the "Finnish American League for Democracy." Although the underlying Finnish-American organization supporting the paper remained the same,
347:
varied over time. The paper launched in 1905 with a semi-weekly frequency, moving to three issues per week in 1907 before expanding to a daily publication schedule (except
Sundays) in 1910.
993:
2812:
2807:
398:
From 1984 until its termination in April 2009, the paper was edited by Marita
Cauthen. The paper ran both English-language and Finnish-language content during its final years.
434:
306:
452:
2792:
1060:
446:
551:
422:
354:
grew to a circulation of 8,300 by the end of its first decade. Despite two bitter splits of the
Finnish Socialist Federation, featuring the departure of
2787:
464:
904:(American-Finnish Literature of the Labor Movement Library Collections). Helsinki: Työväenperinne-Arbetartradition/Työväenliikkeen kirjasto, 1991.
2817:
458:
2126:
510:
2802:
2777:
2772:
440:
294:
1357:
1077:
768:
2286:
2246:
2078:
981:(History of the American Finnish Labor Movement). Fitchburg, MA: Amerikan Suomalainen Kansanvallan Litto/Raivaaja Publishing Co., 1951.
1053:
2012:
180:
by a private entrepreneur, Alex Heisson, who sought to launch a profitable publication to serve the community's large and growing
2767:
755:
1698:
1336:
135:, by Raivaaja Publishing Company. For the first three decades of its existence the publication was closely associated with the
952:
Sow the Golden Seed: A History of the Fitchburg (Massachusetts) Finnish-American Newspaper Raivaaja (The Pioneer), 1905-1955.
580:
Sow the Golden Seed: A History of the Fitchburg (Massachusetts) Finnish-American Newspaper Raivaaja (The Pioneer), 1905-1955.
2142:
1046:
375:
readership. Second generation Finnish-Americans, importantly, gravitated towards the English language press rather than to
1621:
1069:
317:
2797:
2782:
1394:
1303:
999:
1153:
1086:
316:
In 1936, in response to a split of the Socialist Party which saw more conservative elements leave to establish the
1899:
1674:
1437:
1376:
1115:
359:
277:
1665:
1327:
1206:
2278:
1744:
1710:
1612:
1508:
1348:
1287:
1136:
931:
737:
1227:
950:
546:
212:
140:
2509:
2374:
1218:
1189:
2574:
2302:
2182:
2086:
257:
216:
136:
2684:
2214:
2166:
1992:
1690:
260:. It was the newspaper of the Finnish Socialist Federation's eastern district. The other papers were
2632:
2463:
2410:
2262:
2094:
1968:
1944:
1559:
1551:
1483:
1446:
1177:
177:
132:
87:
437:(1880-1931) - Editor-in-chief from November 1907 to his death in August 1931, with short absences.
2350:
2198:
2190:
2046:
1883:
1808:
1600:
1421:
643:
The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: Volume 1: Migrants from Northern Europe.
2488:
2724:
2676:
2668:
2500:
2030:
1917:
1908:
1637:
1385:
1295:
1095:
455:(1886-1957) - Interim Editor-in-chief 1918-1924, and Editor-in-chief August 1931 to March 1952.
790:
2708:
2591:
2562:
2517:
2427:
2342:
2270:
2174:
2110:
1952:
1832:
1567:
1271:
1145:
1033:
683:
Jan Voogd, "Maynard, Massachusetts: A House in the Village." The History Press, 2007; pg. 45.
1023:
2603:
2554:
2054:
1784:
1535:
1463:
987:
The Story of a Cooperative: A Brief History of the United Cooperative Society of Fitchburg.
899:
370:
With the restriction of immigration into the United States in the 1920s, the coming of the
985:
941:
8:
2700:
2419:
2318:
2222:
2070:
1984:
1925:
1840:
1824:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1455:
1124:
355:
2692:
2583:
2390:
2358:
2334:
2254:
2150:
1792:
1682:
1653:
1645:
1629:
1365:
969:
1026:
Immigration History Research Center, College of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota.
2533:
2472:
2294:
2118:
1471:
1311:
1244:
1236:
1169:
401:
The paper was finally ceased in April 2009 due to the increase of the postage rates.
289:
227:
was published by a holding company known as the Finnish Socialist Publishing Company
94:
901:
Amerikka: Amerikansuomalaista Kirjallisuutta Työväenliikkeen Kirajaston Kokoelmissa.
248:
1915. Pictured next to the press is the pressman, Anton Victor Lehtonen (1880-1945.)
2740:
2102:
1976:
1960:
1776:
1736:
1543:
1198:
959:
371:
332:
298:
181:
143:
severed its connection to become the "Finnish American League for Democracy," with
2732:
2326:
2310:
2230:
2158:
2134:
2062:
1575:
1516:
1161:
416:
302:
2716:
2620:
2612:
2451:
2206:
2038:
1875:
1279:
1103:
1024:"Raivaaja Publishing Company (Fitchburg, Massachusetts), Papers: Finding Aid,"
2761:
2641:
2435:
2382:
1800:
1728:
1402:
1263:
131:
The Pioneer) was a Finnish-language newspaper published from 1905 to 2009 in
211:(The Pioneer) rolled off the press. The paper soon became a mainstay of the
2238:
1038:
410:
310:
193:
2649:
725:
The Ethnic Press in the United States: A Historical Analysis and Handbook.
443:(1880-1938) - Interim Editor-in-chief during July 1909 to May 1911 period.
1816:
1004:(Raivaaja — 10 Years). Fitchburg, MA: Raivaaja Publishing Co., Jan. 1915.
273:
139:(SPA). In 1936 as part of a large factional split in the SPA, the former
100:
2525:
1856:
428:
284:
officies because of its radical and anti-war ideas. In the early 1920s
185:
184:-speaking population. Taking a calculated political risk, the aspiring
176:(The North Star), which was started in the Finnish-American enclave of
165:
37:
963:
Publications of the Institute of General History, University of Turku,
946:
Hancock, MI: Finnish American Historical Library, Suomi College, 1947.
533:
262:
2545:
2398:
1848:
1591:
917:
363:
324:
also severed its connection from the Socialist Party from this date.
189:
974:(Raivaaja — 50 Years). Fitchburg, MA: Raivaaja Publishing Co., 1955.
379:
and the host of other Finnish language papers published in the USA.
2443:
1492:
723:
A. William Hoglund, "The Finnish Press," in Sally M. Miller (ed.),
431:(1861-1915) - Editor-in-chief for seven weeks in the fall of 1907.
26:
2366:
425:(1863-1932) - Editor-in-chief from Spring 1906 to September 1907.
240:
498:(Calendar for Finnish-American Workers), annual book, 1914-1922.
492:(Handbook for Finnish-American Workers), annual book, 1912-1913.
471:
2021:
1719:
1500:
943:
The Finns in America: A Bibliographical Guide to their History.
932:"'Invisible' Finnish Community Still Has One Proud Voice Left,"
738:"'Invisible' Finnish Community Still Has One Proud Voice Left,"
540:
268:
449:- Interim Editor-in-chief during July 1909 to May 1911 period.
694:
The Finns in America: A Bibliographic Guide to Their History.
461:(1887-1963) - Editor-in-chief from March 1952 to early 1960s.
223:
Rather than being owned by the Finnish Socialist Federation,
147:
remaining the official organ of this remodeled organization.
514:(Sparks), monthly literary-theoretical magazine, 1907-1921.
419:(1879-1956) - Editor-in-chief from June 1905 to Spring 1906.
1014:
520:(Modern Age), monthly and semi-monthly magazine, 1921-1937.
2813:
Non-English-language newspapers published in Massachusetts
2808:
Finnish-language newspapers published in the United States
641:
Auvo Kostiainen, "Finns," in Hoerder with Harzig (eds.),
467:- Editor-in-chief from 1984 to termination in April 2009.
343:
Throughout the course of its existence, the frequency of
111:
996:
Consulate General of Finland, New York, June 17, 2004.
172:(The Pioneer) is traceable to an earlier publication,
758:
Finnish Expatriate Parliament. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
582:
Fitchburg, MA: Raivaaja Publishing Co., 1955; pg. 29.
769:"Bruins' Rask has Fitchburg-area Finns flying high"
552:
Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America
506:(Pioneer's Christmas), Christmas annual, 1951-1952.
207:On January 31, 1905, the new socialist newspaper,
793:(in Finnish). Amerikan Uutiset. 27 September 2011
2759:
990:Fitchburg, MA: United Cooperative Society, 1947.
927:vol. 101, no. 18 (May 4, 2005), pp. 6, 10.
637:
490:Tietokäsikirja Amerikan Suomalaiselle Työväelle
2127:Independent Ledger and the American Advertiser
635:
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
2793:Defunct newspapers published in Massachusetts
1054:
979:Amerikan Suomalaisen Työväenliikkeen Historia
955:Fitchburg, MA: Raivaaja Publishing Co., 1955.
727:Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1987; pg. 111.
719:
717:
715:
645:Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1987; pg. 226.
472:Other Raivaaja Publishing Company periodicals
204:in an office building in downtown Fitchburg.
1068:
771:. Sentinel & Enterprise. 6 December 2013
338:
235:
614:
350:From its initial press run of about 2,000,
229:(Suomalainen Sosialistinen Kustannusyhtiö).
2079:American Magazine and Historical Chronicle
1061:
1047:
960:"Features of Finnish-American Publishing,"
751:
749:
712:
496:Kalenteri Amerikan Suomalaiselle Työväelle
480:(Pioneer's Workfields), annual, 1905-1911.
25:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
872:
696:Hancock, MI: Suomi College, 1947; pg. 57.
486:(Pioneer's Calendar), annual book, 1911.
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
810:
808:
239:
2788:Socialist Party of America publications
2247:The Universalist and Ladies' Repository
746:
679:
677:
590:
588:
574:
572:
570:
568:
566:
2818:Newspapers disestablished in the 2000s
2760:
869:
362:(IWW) in 1914-1915 and to the group's
1042:
994:"Raivaaja Editor-in-Chief Decorated,"
834:
821:
805:
331:was a non-political newspaper of the
256:was a radical newspaper loyal to the
244:Web press used for the production of
66:(Finnish and English in later years.)
2803:1905 establishments in Massachusetts
674:
601:
585:
563:
413:(1874-1929) - Founding editor, 1905.
2778:Defunct Finnish-language newspapers
2773:Publications disestablished in 2009
404:
13:
910:
14:
2829:
1395:The Massachusetts Daily Collegian
1008:
192:editor, émigré Finnish newcomer
159:
893:
856:
783:
761:
730:
360:Industrial Workers of the World
2768:Newspapers established in 1905
699:
686:
661:
648:
393:
1:
1745:The Christian Science Monitor
1509:The Armenian Mirror-Spectator
1288:The Daily News of Newburyport
965:no. 9 (1977), pp. 54–70.
557:
547:Finnish Socialist Federation
318:Social Democratic Federation
266:in the middle district, and
213:Finnish Socialist Federation
141:Finnish Socialist Federation
7:
2510:Holyoke Transcript-Telegram
1207:The Martha's Vineyard Times
1030:Raivaaja digitized archives
526:
188:publisher hired a talented
47:Raivaaja Publishing Company
10:
2834:
2279:The Heathen Woman's Friend
2087:The Independent Advertiser
258:Socialist Party of America
217:Socialist Party of America
154:
137:Socialist Party of America
2685:The Daily News Transcript
2660:
2631:
2602:
2573:
2544:
2499:
2462:
2409:
2215:Boston Evening Transcript
2167:Constitutional Telegraphe
2020:
2011:
1993:Blackstone Valley Tribune
1945:Sentinel & Enterprise
1936:
1907:
1898:
1867:
1718:
1709:
1664:
1611:
1590:
1527:
1482:
1445:
1436:
1413:
1384:
1375:
1347:
1326:
1255:
1226:
1217:
1188:
1135:
1114:
1085:
1076:
339:Frequency and circulation
236:Affiliations and ideology
106:
93:
81:
71:
59:
51:
43:
33:
24:
2798:Fitchburg, Massachusetts
2783:Finnish-American history
2263:Boston Evening Traveller
2095:Boston Weekly Advertiser
1969:Southbridge Evening News
1560:The MetroWest Daily News
1552:The Wakefield Daily Item
1070:Massachusetts newspapers
1001:Raivaaja Kymmenen Vuotta
272:in the west. During the
178:Fitchburg, Massachusetts
133:Fitchburg, Massachusetts
88:Fitchburg, Massachusetts
16:Former Finnish newspaper
2199:Boston Daily Advertiser
2191:Boston Weekly Messenger
2047:The New-England Courant
1884:Winthrop Sun Transcript
1809:Boston Business Journal
1601:The Inquirer and Mirror
1422:Daily Hampshire Gazette
2725:Springfield Daily News
2677:The Daily News Tribune
2669:North Adams Transcript
2031:The Boston News-Letter
1953:Telegram & Gazette
1918:The Milford Daily News
1638:The Wellesley Townsman
1296:Gloucester Daily Times
1096:The Barnstable Patriot
968:Heikki Puranen (ed.).
922:100 Years of Service,"
478:Raivaajan Työvainiolta
249:
2709:Medford Daily Mercury
2592:New-England Repertory
2563:Nantucket Independent
2518:Neu England Rundschau
2428:The Cambridge Tribune
2343:The Revolutionary Age
2271:The Flag of Our Union
2175:New-England Repertory
2111:Independent Chronicle
1833:West Ender Newsletter
1568:Daily Times Chronicle
1146:Taunton Daily Gazette
1034:Boston Public Library
949:John I. Kolehmainen,
940:John I. Kolehmainen,
707:The Finns in America,
578:John I. Kolehmainen,
243:
2555:The Nantucket Beacon
2489:Liberté de Fitchburg
2055:The Weekly Rehearsal
1785:The Daily Free Press
1536:Stoneham Independent
888:Sow the Golden Seed,
864:Sow the Golden Seed,
851:Sow the Golden Seed,
829:Sow the Golden Seed,
816:Sow the Golden Seed,
791:"Kun posti ei kulje"
692:John I. Kolemainen,
669:Sow the Golden Seed,
656:Sow the Golden Seed,
609:Sow the Golden Seed,
596:Sow the Golden Seed,
435:Frans Joseph Syrjälä
356:industrial unionists
288:moved to a moderate
252:In its early years,
2701:Malden Evening News
2420:Cambridge Chronicle
2319:The Jewish Advocate
2223:Boston Investigator
2071:Boston Evening-Post
1985:Fifty Plus Advocate
1926:The Country Gazette
1825:Dorchester Reporter
1769:The Berkeley Beacon
1761:The Suffolk Journal
1753:The Huntington News
1675:Old Colony Memorial
1456:The Harvard Crimson
1125:The Berkshire Eagle
1020:, www.raivaaja.org/
484:Raivaajan Kalenteri
327:In its last years,
307:Frans Josef Syrjälä
215:, which joined the
164:The history of the
21:
2693:Somerville Journal
2584:Newburyport Herald
2391:The Boston Courant
2375:Gay Community News
2255:The Boston Journal
2151:Columbian Centinel
1683:Middleboro Gazette
1654:The Westwood Press
1646:The Medfield Press
1630:The Patriot Ledger
1366:The Westfield News
1304:The Jewish Journal
1154:The Standard-Times
971:Raivaaja 50 Vuotta
935:Los Angeles Times,
930:Elizabeth Mehren,
741:Los Angeles Times,
736:Elizabeth Mehren,
250:
73:Ceased publication
19:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2473:Voice of Industry
2295:The Boston Record
2290:(c. 1874–c. 1911)
2143:Herald of Freedom
2119:Massachusetts Spy
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
1894:
1893:
1586:
1585:
1472:Spare Change News
1432:
1431:
1322:
1321:
1245:The Eagle-Tribune
1237:Haverhill Gazette
1170:The Sun Chronicle
1087:Barnstable County
958:Auvo Kostiainen,
290:social democratic
130:
120:
119:
67:
2825:
2741:The Taunton Call
2287:The Morning Star
2103:Boston Chronicle
2018:
2017:
1977:Athol Daily News
1961:The Gardner News
1905:
1904:
1900:Worcester County
1777:Bay State Banner
1737:The Boston Globe
1716:
1715:
1592:Nantucket County
1443:
1442:
1438:Middlesex County
1382:
1381:
1377:Hampshire County
1224:
1223:
1199:Vineyard Gazette
1116:Berkshire County
1083:
1082:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1018:official website
984:Sävele Syrjälä,
905:
897:
891:
884:
867:
860:
854:
847:
832:
825:
819:
812:
803:
802:
800:
798:
787:
781:
780:
778:
776:
765:
759:
753:
744:
734:
728:
721:
710:
703:
697:
690:
684:
681:
672:
665:
659:
652:
646:
639:
612:
605:
599:
592:
583:
576:
447:J. W. Meriläinen
405:Editors-in-chief
372:Great Depression
333:Finnish-American
299:Santeri Nuorteva
280:agents searched
128:
116:
113:
74:
65:
29:
22:
18:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2747:
2733:Editorial Humor
2656:
2627:
2598:
2569:
2540:
2495:
2458:
2405:
2327:Boston American
2311:Boston Guardian
2231:The Boston Post
2159:American Apollo
2135:American Herald
2063:Boston Post-Boy
1999:
1932:
1890:
1863:
1705:
1666:Plymouth County
1660:
1607:
1582:
1576:The Tufts Daily
1523:
1517:Armenian Weekly
1478:
1428:
1409:
1371:
1343:
1328:Franklin County
1318:
1251:
1213:
1184:
1162:The Herald News
1131:
1110:
1072:
1067:
1011:
977:Elis Sulkanan,
916:Nils Granfors,
913:
911:Further reading
908:
898:
894:
885:
870:
861:
857:
848:
835:
826:
822:
813:
806:
796:
794:
789:
788:
784:
774:
772:
767:
766:
762:
754:
747:
735:
731:
722:
713:
704:
700:
691:
687:
682:
675:
666:
662:
653:
649:
640:
615:
606:
602:
593:
586:
577:
564:
560:
529:
504:Raivaajan Juolu
474:
407:
396:
341:
238:
162:
157:
110:
86:
72:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2746:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2721:
2717:Enterprise-Sun
2713:
2705:
2697:
2689:
2681:
2673:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2646:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2621:Salem Observer
2617:
2616:(1800–c. 1911)
2613:Salem Register
2608:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2588:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2514:
2505:
2503:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2468:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:The Real Paper
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2415:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2387:
2379:
2371:
2370:(1971–c. 1987)
2363:
2355:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2323:
2315:
2314:(1901–c. 1950)
2307:
2299:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2207:Boston Courier
2203:
2195:
2187:
2183:Boston Patriot
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
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2239:Boston Atlas
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2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
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2109:
2101:
2093:
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2077:
2069:
2061:
2053:
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2029:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1924:
1916:
1882:
1874:
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1831:
1823:
1815:
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1699:The Wanderer
1697:
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1356:
1337:The Recorder
1335:
1310:
1302:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1243:
1235:
1219:Essex County
1205:
1197:
1190:Dukes County
1178:The Advocate
1176:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1144:
1123:
1102:
1094:
1015:
1000:
986:
978:
970:
962:
951:
942:
934:
924:
919:
900:
895:
887:
863:
858:
850:
828:
823:
815:
795:. Retrieved
785:
773:. Retrieved
763:
740:
732:
724:
706:
705:Kolemainen,
701:
693:
688:
668:
663:
655:
650:
642:
608:
603:
595:
579:
539:
532:
517:
509:
503:
495:
489:
483:
477:
423:A. B. Mäkelä
411:Taavi Tainio
400:
397:
388:
382:
381:
376:
369:
351:
349:
344:
342:
328:
326:
321:
315:
311:Oskari Tokoi
285:
281:
267:
261:
253:
251:
245:
228:
224:
222:
208:
206:
202:Pohjan Tähti
201:
198:
194:Taavi Tainio
174:Pohjan Tähti
173:
169:
163:
149:
144:
123:
122:
121:
85:164 Elm St.
82:Headquarters
2736:(1989–2003)
2728:(1911–1987)
2720:(1889–1995)
2712:(1880–2017)
2704:(1880–2017)
2696:(1870–2022)
2688:(1870–2009)
2680:(1863–2010)
2672:(1843–2014)
2653:(1922–1931)
2624:(1823–1919)
2595:(1803–1804)
2587:(1797–1915)
2575:Newburyport
2566:(2003–2010)
2558:(1989–1998)
2537:(1923–1956)
2529:(1903–1964)
2521:(1883–1942)
2513:(1849–1993)
2484:(1905–2009)
2476:(1845–1848)
2455:(1972–1981)
2447:(1968–1970)
2439:(1957–2009)
2431:(1878–1966)
2423:(1846–2022)
2402:(2007–2008)
2394:(1995–2016)
2386:(1991–2008)
2378:(1973–1992)
2362:(1967–1968)
2354:(1966–2013)
2351:The Phoenix
2346:(1918–1919)
2338:(1909–2006)
2330:(1904–1961)
2322:(1902–2020)
2306:(1891–1894)
2282:(1869–1940)
2266:(1845–1967)
2258:(1833–1917)
2250:(1832–1873)
2242:(1832–1857)
2234:(1831–1956)
2226:(1831–1904)
2218:(1830–1941)
2210:(1824–1915)
2202:(1813–1929)
2194:(1811–1861)
2178:(1804–1820)
2170:(1799–1802)
2162:(1792–1794)
2154:(1790–1840)
2146:(1788–1791)
2138:(1784–1790)
2130:(1778–1786)
2122:(1770–1776)
2114:(1768–1840)
2106:(1767–1770)
2098:(1757–1775)
2082:(1743–1746)
2074:(1735–1775)
2066:(1734–1754)
2058:(1731–1735)
2050:(1721–1726)
2042:(1719–1798)
2034:(1704–1776)
1817:Bay Windows
394:Final years
335:community.
274:World War I
2762:Categories
2526:La Justice
2303:New Nation
1857:El Planeta
920:Raivaaja's
709:pp. 56-57.
441:Leo Laukki
429:Johan Kock
417:Aku Päiviö
383:Raivaaja's
303:Aku Päiviö
295:Moses Hahl
282:Raivaaja's
186:capitalist
168:newspaper
166:broadsheet
38:Broadsheet
2650:Eteenpäin
2633:Worcester
2546:Nantucket
2464:Fitchburg
2411:Cambridge
2399:BostonNOW
1849:DigBoston
1622:The Pilot
1484:Watertown
1447:Cambridge
925:Raivaaja,
558:Footnotes
364:communist
246:Raivaaja,
190:socialist
101:13677702
55:Jan. 1905
44:Publisher
2744:(?–2008)
2645:(1770–?)
2492:(1909–?)
2481:Raivaaja
2444:Old Mole
2298:(1884–?)
2274:(1846–?)
2186:(1809–?)
2090:(1748–?)
1493:Hairenik
1464:The Tech
1016:Raivaaja
890:pg. 143.
527:See also
518:Nykyaika
377:Raivaaja
352:Raivaaja
345:Raivaaja
329:Raivaaja
322:Raivaaja
286:Raivaaja
254:Raivaaja
225:Raivaaja
209:Raivaaja
170:Raivaaja
145:Raivaaja
129:English:
124:Raivaaja
112:raivaaja
63:Finnish
60:Language
20:Raivaaja
2534:Gwiazda
2501:Holyoke
2367:Fag Rag
2013:Defunct
1996:(2008–)
1988:(1975–)
1980:(1934–)
1972:(1923–)
1964:(1869–)
1956:(1866–)
1948:(1838–)
1929:(1981–)
1921:(1887–)
1909:Milford
1887:(1956–)
1879:(1881–)
1860:(2004–)
1852:(1999–)
1844:(1995–)
1836:(1985–)
1828:(1983–)
1820:(1983–)
1812:(1981–)
1804:(1976–)
1796:(1972–)
1788:(1970–)
1780:(1965–)
1772:(1947–)
1764:(1936–)
1756:(1926–)
1748:(1908–)
1740:(1872–)
1732:(1846–)
1702:(1992–)
1694:(1881–)
1686:(1852–)
1678:(1822–)
1657:(1987–)
1649:(1922–)
1641:(1906–)
1633:(1837–)
1625:(1829–)
1604:(1821–)
1579:(1980–)
1571:(1901–)
1563:(1897–)
1555:(1894–)
1547:(1878–)
1544:The Sun
1539:(1870–)
1520:(1969–)
1512:(1939–)
1504:(1922–)
1496:(1899–)
1475:(1992–)
1467:(1881–)
1459:(1873–)
1425:(1786–)
1406:(2004–)
1398:(1890–)
1386:Amherst
1361:(1824–)
1340:(1792–)
1315:(1996–)
1307:(1976–)
1299:(1888–)
1291:(1887–)
1283:(1880–)
1275:(1876–)
1267:(1790–)
1248:(1868–)
1240:(1821–)
1210:(1984–)
1202:(1846–)
1181:(1979–)
1173:(1971–)
1165:(1892–)
1157:(1850–)
1149:(1848–)
1128:(1892–)
1107:(1936–)
1099:(1830–)
1078:Current
866:pg. 89.
853:pg. 88.
831:pg. 87.
818:pg. 86.
671:pg. 36.
658:pg. 33.
611:pg. 31.
598:pg. 30.
534:Työmies
511:Säkeniä
263:Työmies
182:Finnish
155:History
107:Website
52:Founded
2661:Others
2359:Avatar
2335:Dielli
2022:Boston
1937:Others
1868:Others
1793:Sampan
1720:Boston
1528:Others
1501:Baikar
1414:Others
1256:Others
797:14 May
775:14 May
541:Toveri
269:Toveri
97:number
34:Format
2604:Salem
1841:Metro
1312:Rumbo
799:2013
777:2013
309:and
276:the
114:.org
95:OCLC
77:2009
1032:in
2764::
871:^
836:^
807:^
748:^
714:^
676:^
616:^
587:^
565:^
313:.
305:,
301:,
297:,
1062:e
1055:t
1048:v
801:.
779:.
127:(
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