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522:'s policies for reduction of government domestic spending, causing new unemployment and encouraging economic investment outside of the inner cities, while they discouraged the rebuilding of urban industry. The industrial layoffs caused by these policies hit the Black and other minority populations particularly hard.
660:, through direct financial support and projects to find talented African-American racing drivers. This initiative was ended in 2003, after the racing sanctioning body was criticized by conservative groups for the partnership. Among the smaller campaigns it has undertaken are the HIV/AIDS Initiative for funding for
624:
The Wall Street activities are organized under sub-organization "The Wall Street
Project". The organization has been active in pursuit of increase minority representation in other industries, most notably the broadcast media, the entertainment industry, and the automobile industry. It has also sought
384:
was decided in 1973. PUSH was concerned with minority youth reading, and championed education through PUSH-Excel, a spin-off program that emphasized keeping inner-city youths in school while assisting them with job placement. The program, which persuaded inner-city youth to pledge in writing to study
290:
After 1968, Jackson increasingly clashed with King's successor at SCLC, Ralph
Abernathy. The break became complete in December 1971 when Abernathy suspended Jackson for "administrative improprieties and repeated acts of violation of organizational policy." Jackson resigned from Operation Breadbasket,
644:
for its lending and employment practices, which led to its pledge to earmark $ 1 billion in mortgage loans specifically for minorities, to donate more than $ 1 million directly to
Rainbow/PUSH and to become a sponsor of Jackson's annual Wall Street Project. In 2000, the organization investigated the
604:
from 1991 to 1996. When he returned to
Chicago in 1996 he merged his organizations. The merged entity advocates for African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, other minorities, and women. Its main economic goal is to have more minorities on the payrolls, in the boardrooms, and on the supplier
417:
The organization was very successful at committing major corporations with large presences in the black community to adopt affirmative action programs in which they hired more black executives and supervisors and to buy from black suppliers, wholesalers, and distributors. The organization employed
374:
Through PUSH Jackson was able to continue pursuing the same economic objectives that
Operation Breadbasket had. In addition, his organization expanded into social and political development for blacks in Chicago and nationwide. The 1970s saw various tactics to pursue the organization's objectives
583:
After his unsuccessful bid for the
Democratic nomination in 1984, Jackson attempted to build a broad base of support among groups that "were hurt by Reagan administration policies" - racial minorities, the poor, small farmers, working mothers, the unemployed, some labor union members, gays, and
749:
On July 16, 2023, Jackson, who was diagnosed with
Parkinson's disease in 2017 and was now using a wheelchair, stepped down as head of Rainbow/PUSH after leading the organization for more than five decades. He was succeeded by Dallas minister Frederick Douglass Haynes III. In April 2024, Haynes
1618:
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and government sponsorship. The
National Rainbow Coalition became a prominent political organization that raised public awareness of numerous political issues and consolidated a large voting bloc. The merged entity has undertaken numerous social initiatives.
772:
against members of Duke
University's men's lacrosse team who had hired her as a stripper. The charges were later dropped due to lack of evidence. Jackson said that whatever the outcome of the trial, the tuition offer would still be good.
302:
he founded. Jackson was not part of
Hampton's Rainbow Coalition, and had a difficult relationship with the Panthers. Some former members of Hampton's coalition resent Jackson for using the name, partly because Jackson's politics are
723:, who served a sentence in prison for sexual assault and bank fraud, was hired by Rainbow/PUSH as its resident scholar on prison reform after his release in 2001. The organization is a member of several
664:
programs; the National Field Department support of "constructive agitation to bring about societal change"; and the Prison Outpost project, whose ultimate goal is "to eliminate the need for prisons."
375:
including direct action campaigns, weekly radio broadcasts, and awards, through which Jackson protected black homeowners, workers, and businesses, and honored prominent blacks in the US and abroad.
406:
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and founded Operation PUSH. In 1984, Jackson founded the National Rainbow Coalition. It merged with PUSH in 1996. The combined organization's national headquarters is on the
746:, Rev. Jesse Jackson promised to raise money and collect donations for those affected. The organization set up drop-off locations in Chicago to assist with relief efforts.
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From its inception, Jackson called its membership a "Rainbow Coalition." This concept and phrase was originally created by the 1968 Chicago Black Panther leader
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287:, the head of the SCLC, appointed Jackson to head the Chicago chapter of Operation Breadbasket, which became a coalition of black ministers and entrepreneurs.
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for political purpose. Whereas the purpose of PUSH had been to fight for economic and educational opportunities, the Rainbow Coalition was created to address
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503:, regarding the disadvantaged and welcomed voters from a broad spectrum of races and creeds. The goals of the campaign were to demand social programs,
359:, a prominent black doctor and community leader on the South Side. Before he moved to Chicago in 1956, Howard developed a national reputation as a
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The National Rainbow Coalition (Rainbow Coalition for short) was a political organization that grew out of Jesse Jackson's
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From the Bullet to the Ballot: The Illinois Chapter of the Black Panther Party and Racial Coalition Politics in Chicago
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increased representation by minority administrators in college and professional sports under the leadership of
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in South Africa and advancing democracy in Haiti. The following is the organization's list of major issues:
732:
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Operation PUSH's origins can be traced to a factional split in Operation Breadbasket, an affiliate of the
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649:. Jackson labelled it a "lynching", although two autopsies both concluded that the death was a suicide.
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499:. During the campaign, Jackson began speaking about a "Rainbow Coalition", an idea created by
1734:"The hard truth about Rainbow PUSH and why the Rev. Frederick Haynes III quit after 3 months"
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case of Raynard Johnson, who was found hanged by a belt from a tree in front of his home in
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1688:"What to know about Dallas Rev. Frederick Haynes stepping down from Rainbow PUSH Coalition"
268:
for People United to Save (later Serve) Humanity, was an organization that advocated black
186:
36:
at a radio broadcast from Operation PUSH convention headquarters, July 1973. Photograph by
8:
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533:, Jackson delivered an address entitled "The Rainbow Coalition". The speech called for
1665:"After more than five decades, Rev. Jesse Jackson steps down at Rainbow-Push Coalition"
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lists of major corporations. The industries it most aggressively pursues are the
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disavowed the boycott. The boycotts of Budweiser and Coke as well as one against
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resigned from Rainbow/PUSH after leading the organization for less than a year.
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1639:"Chicago nonprofits, leaders offer relief to hurricane survivors in Bahamas"
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The organization staged several boycotts, including early 1980s boycotts of
371:. He served on PUSH's board of directors and chaired the finance committee.
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were touted for having won minority job concessions from white businesses.
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television affiliates. The boycotts became so well known that at one point
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1711:"Frederick D. Haynes resigns abruptly as leader of Rainbow PUSH Coalition"
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organization formed as a merger of two nonprofit organizations founded by
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Burden of Proof: Hanging Death Mystery in Mississippi: Suicide or Murder?
953:
Black Maverick: T.R.M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power
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1513:"Sports people: pro basketball; Survey Shows Lack of Jobs for Blacks"
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In 2006, Jesse Jackson promised the Rainbow/Push Coalition would pay
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Through his organization and its predecessors Jackson has advocated
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Jackson also started a campaign against legalizing abortion after
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T.R.M. Howard M.D.: A Mississippi Doctor in Chicago Civil Rights,
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Although money was a problem at first, initial backing came from
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two hours per night and involved parental monitoring, impressed
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The organizational meeting of PUSH was in the Chicago home of
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For Hispanic issues the merged entity works closely with the
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Fairness in the Media, Sports, and Criminal Justice System
1463:. Hispanic Business Inc. November 2, 2000. Archived from
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called together his allies, and formed Operation PUSH.
652:
In the early 2000s (decade), Rainbow/PUSH worked with
955:(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 209–10.
832:"National Rainbow Coalition (American organization)"
389:, whose administration became a large sponsor after
232:Operation PUSH raised public awareness to initiate
754:Involvement in the Duke Lacrosse team controversy
656:to increase the number of minorities involved in
1829:
1457:"Jesse Jackson's Rainbow/PUSH Reaches Hispanics"
1843:Civil rights organizations in the United States
1575:NASCAR ends donations to Jackson's Rainbow/PUSH
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434:recipients work for part of their benefits.
276:stances on social justice and civil rights.
1821:, a Google Arts & Culture story by the
391:Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
311:the name, preventing others from using it.
1807:Rosalinda Guillen and Joseph Moore Papers.
1354:
511:for all groups that had been neglected by
27:
1853:Non-profit organizations based in Chicago
1619:"Reynolds finds work with S. Side church"
158:(People United to Save Humanity) and the
1778:David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito.
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951:David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito,
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631:League of United Latin American Citizens
475:
457:as oppression of whites by blacks. Nike
422:to call attention to issues. It opposed
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343:
281:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
244:
177:In December 1971, Jackson resigned from
1848:African Americans' rights organizations
1809:1982–2011. 20.54 cubic feet (19 boxes).
1112:. Microsoft Corporation. Archived from
351:speaks at 1973 PUSH National Convention
1830:
1732:Dyson, Michael Eric (April 22, 2024).
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694:Voter Registration and Civic Education
272:and achieved a broad audience for its
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483:was a presidential candidate in both
249:The Rainbow/PUSH Headquarters in the
1559:NASCAR is trying to change its image
1552:
518:Jackson's campaign blamed President
453:supporters referred to a boycott of
300:multiethnic revolutionary federation
1709:Banks, Adelle M. (April 17, 2024).
1061:"The American Underclass (page 10)"
709:Affirmative Action and Equal Rights
613:, the telecommunications field and
527:1984 Democratic National Convention
13:
1686:Martin, Arcelia (April 17, 2024).
1444:
1244:Thomas, Evan (December 19, 1983).
1135:Shapiro, Walter (April 11, 1988).
1089:
1024:
877:
863:Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago
640:In 1998 the organization attacked
413:Senior Citizens March (July 1973).
298:. Hampton used it to describe the
14:
1879:
1863:Organizations established in 1971
1791:
1617:Dodge, Susan (January 29, 2001).
1487:"The Pilgrimage of Jesse Jackson"
1320:"David Duke's Addictive Politics"
1237:
1137:"Taking Jesse Seriously (page 9)"
685:Employee Rights and Livable Wages
1594:. Global Leaders. Archived from
1318:Wills, Garry (October 1, 1990).
768:'s college tuition. Mangum made
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193:and it has regional branches in
85:
16:American non-profit organization
1858:1971 establishments in Illinois
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1549:, CNN transcript, July 21, 2000
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1281:Kelly, James (April 14, 1986).
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1073:August 29, 1977. Archived from
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902:January 3, 1972. Archived from
1818:Jesse Jackson's Operation PUSH
1394:"Pride and Prejudice (Page 7)"
1355:Gray, Paul (August 27, 1990).
1221:March 23, 1981. Archived from
1185:August 8, 1977. Archived from
1039:"Black History: Jesse Jackson"
988:
958:
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838:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc
836:Encyclopædia Britannica online
824:
802:
1:
1787:(July–September 2001), 50–59.
1772:
1493:. WGBH educational foundation
970:RainbowPUSH Coalition website
682:Jobs and Economic Empowerment
445:as well as a 1986 boycott of
307:, and partly because Jackson
1392:Thomas, Evan (May 7, 1984).
1008:May 22, 1976. Archived from
865:. Chicago Historical Society
733:United for Peace and Justice
7:
1173:"A Fallout Between Friends"
776:
635:National Council of La Raza
316:Manhattan Borough President
162:. The organizations pursue
10:
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1838:Movements for civil rights
1209:"Putting the Poor to Work"
757:
497:1984 presidential campaign
472:National Rainbow Coalition
430:initiative requiring that
160:National Rainbow Coalition
1432:. American Rhetoric. 2007
1283:"When Push Gives a Shove"
996:"Needed: Strong Soldiers"
966:"TV and radio broadcasts"
925:Williams, Jakobi (2013).
531:San Francisco, California
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1545:August 29, 2008, at the
1357:"Who's Boycotting Whom?"
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706:Trade and Foreign Policy
1713:. Religion News Service
1041:. Gale Cengage Learning
691:Fair and Decent Housing
240:
1823:Chicago History Museum
1798:Rainbow/Push Coalition
770:false rape allegations
492:
466:Kentucky Fried Chicken
414:
352:
285:Martin Luther King Jr.
261:
1690:. Dallas Morning News
1598:on September 27, 2007
1467:on September 30, 2007
857:Ralph, James (2005).
727:coalitions including
715:Environmental Justice
703:Political Empowerment
669:universal health care
574:political empowerment
529:on July 18, 1984, in
479:
409:
363:civil rights leader,
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179:Operation Breadbasket
1784:A.M.E. Church Review
1667:. NPR. July 17, 2023
1461:HispanicBusiness.com
1373:on December 15, 2008
1336:on December 15, 2008
1262:on December 22, 2008
1189:on December 15, 2008
1012:on February 20, 2011
742:In the aftermath of
737:After Downing Street
181:after clashing with
1736:. Chicago Sun Times
1645:. September 8, 2019
1565:, February 12, 2002
1410:on October 20, 2009
1153:on November 2, 2012
1116:on October 28, 2009
1077:on November 2, 2012
976:on October 27, 2007
931:. UNC Press Books.
906:on October 22, 2010
890:"Jackson PUSHes On"
719:Former congressman
697:Election Law Reform
647:Kokomo, Mississippi
592:Jackson moved from
264:Operation PUSH, an
23:
1518:The New York Times
1430:"Top 100 Speeches"
783:The Rainbow Agenda
760:Duke lacrosse case
688:Educational Access
627:Jesse Jackson, Jr.
509:affirmative action
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415:
398:Secretary of Labor
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262:
103:Official language
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1624:Chicago Sun-Times
1577:, Chris Jenkins,
1561:, Rupen Fofaria,
810:"Executive Staff"
789:Save the Children
566:African Americans
403:courted Jackson.
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64:Headquarters
58:Civil rights
22:Rainbow/PUSH
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1671:November 7,
1627:. Newsbank.
980:January 29,
658:auto racing
642:Freddie Mac
611:Wall Street
513:Reaganomics
381:Roe v. Wade
361:Mississippi
339:Ossie Davis
309:copyrighted
283:. In 1966,
223:New Orleans
203:Los Angeles
129:rainbowpush
1832:Categories
1773:References
1761:January 7,
584:lesbians.
455:Nike, Inc.
451:David Duke
187:South Side
1579:USA Today
1404:Time Inc.
1367:Time Inc.
1330:Time Inc.
1293:Time Inc.
1256:Time Inc.
1246:"Sniping"
1219:Time Inc.
1183:Time Inc.
1147:Time Inc.
1071:Time Inc.
1006:Time Inc.
900:Time Inc.
673:apartheid
617:firms in
615:high-tech
545:, youth,
443:Coca-Cola
335:Jim Brown
305:reformist
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46:Formation
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777:See also
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633:and the
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550:veterans
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428:workfare
172:activism
78:Location
72:Illinois
1491:pbs.org
1110:Encarta
594:Chicago
554:farmers
525:At the
432:welfare
418:prayer
365:surgeon
274:liberal
266:acronym
258:Chicago
251:Kenwood
215:Atlanta
211:Houston
207:Detroit
191:Chicago
146:-based
144:Chicago
124:Website
113:Founder
107:English
68:Chicago
1525:May 1,
1414:May 1,
1377:May 1,
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791:(film)
735:, and
654:NASCAR
507:, and
420:vigils
367:, and
337:, and
325:Mayor
227:Boston
225:, and
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797:Notes
142:is a
1763:2007
1742:2024
1719:2024
1696:2024
1673:2023
1651:2019
1604:2007
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912:2008
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818:2024
662:AIDS
576:and
568:and
562:gays
560:and
489:1988
487:and
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441:and
396:and
241:PUSH
131:.org
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