Jesse Jackson - Knowledge

2264:, Jackson said he did not understand Biden's previous support for segregated school busing but believed "he's changed" and expressed his opposition to states' rights. In March 2020, Jackson endorsed Bernie Sanders in the primary. He said that Sanders made several commitments to him, and it was reported that he requested Sanders pick an African-American woman as his running mate. Sanders dropped out of the race a month later, and Biden became the Democratic presidential nominee. As the 2020 election neared, Jackson said that Trump had left "African Americans in the deepest hole with the shortest rope" and predicted "African Americans—and particularly African-American women—will vote overwhelmingly for Joe Biden". Biden defeated Trump in the general election, fulfilling Jackson's prediction by winning an overwhelming majority of the black vote. Ahead of Biden's inauguration, Jackson wrote an op-ed calling for "an aspirational agenda—an agenda that reveals the scope of action needed to meet the challenges we face, and that provides hope and galvanizes support" and pressed for Biden to demonstrate bold action and leadership. 984: 1664: 1535:

health and education issues. On April 26, 1992, Jackson and Clinton had a 40-minute meeting in Clinton's hotel suite and emerged to announce that they were both committed to defeating Bush in the general election. Asked if he was ready to endorse Clinton, Jackson said, "Well, if he wins the nomination of our party, he would be well on his way. We need a new President and we need a new direction. We cannot afford any more of what George Bush represents." After Clinton became the likely nominee, Jackson appealed to the Democratic Party's platform committee to neither "go with the flow on capital punishment" nor "walk soft on right-to-work laws". Although Jackson promised to endorse the party's nominee, his comments were seen as directed toward Clinton. David S. Broder noted Jackson's lessened influence at the

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Hart and Jackson for party unity. In an address to supporters at the Operation PUSH headquarters, Jackson said that fairness had not been achieved and that he was entitled to help choose both Mondale's running mate and his cabinet in the event he defeated Reagan in November. On July 4, Jackson and Mondale met at the Radisson Muehlebach Hotel for over two hours. Mondale called the meeting "successful" while Jackson said it was "not complete because there are unresolved matters", though he said that he expected to support Mondale if he was the nominee. Mondale ruled out Jackson as a running mate, citing "sufficient differences between Reverend Jackson and myself".

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Mondale and Hart argued over Central American policy. Jackson's reply, according to Howell Raines, "won him the only bursts of applause from an audience of 200 people at the Low Memorial Library who witnessed what was almost certainly the most tense of the debates." Jackson won the April 15 primary in his home state of South Carolina with 34.4 percent of the vote, receiving twice as many delegates as Mondale and Hart. At the start of May, Jackson won the District of Columbia and Louisiana primaries. More Virginia caucus-goers supported Jackson than any other candidate, but Mondale won more Virginia delegates.

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to lose the vote, they could not afford to "avoid raising the right questions. Our self-respect and our moral integrity were at stake. Our heads are perhaps bloody, but unbowed. Our back is straight and our vision is clear." On August 29, Jackson met with Mondale again and afterward declared that he had "embraced the mission and support the Mondale-Ferraro candidacy with great fervor" but also that he would "always reserve the right to challenge" Mondale. By September, Jackson had introduced Mondale to the National Baptist Convention and the

680: 698:(Operation PUSH) officially began operations on December 25, 1971; Jackson later changed the name to People United to Serve Humanity. T. R. M. Howard was installed as a member of the board of directors and chair of the finance committee. At its inception, Jackson planned to orient Operation PUSH toward politics and to pressure politicians to work to improve economic opportunities for blacks and poor people of all races. SCLC officials reportedly felt the new organization would help black businesses more than it would help the poor. 3613:, David J. Barron wrote that Jackson had "become the undisputed leader of Blacks partly on the strength of his call for young Blacks to recognize that despite their disadvantages they are 'somebody.'" Jackson is often described as a civil rights icon, and has been praised as a gifted orator. His 1980s presidential campaigns are seen as historic, and credited with increasing black voter turnout, exceeding expectations, and paving the way for Barack Obama's successful 2008 campaign. Former Democratic National Committee Chairwoman 1229: 1320:

after the final primaries, Jackson met with Dukakis and they discussed some of Jackson's platform, such as a universal same-day, on-site voter registration and changing the rules for the winner-take-all delegate allocation. Jackson reasoned that he deserved Dukakis's consideration as a running mate. Dukakis agreed, but added that Jackson was of no "special or greater consideration" simply for coming in second place in the contests. Polling in April found a Dukakis-Jackson ticket would defeat Vice President

1155:, Jackson led several hundred supporters in a procession through downtown Washington to the grounds of Washington Monument. He stressed that they needed to "keep alive the hopes of those who have fallen through the safety net" and challenge America "to protect the poor". In April, Jackson led a rally to protest the sale of an elderly farmer's form to Kearney Trust Co. outside the Clinton County Courthouse, where he called the gathering of farmers, union labor members, ministers and urban blacks from 1806: 2245: 231: 18534: 12443: 1468: 11496:"When Dr. King was alive, several times she helped us make payroll," said the Rev. Jesse Jackson, her friend of more than 60 years, who planned to visit her Wednesday. "On one occasion, we took an 11-city tour with her as Aretha Franklin and Harry Belafonte … and they put gas in the vans. She did 11 concerts for free and hosted us at her home and did a fundraiser for my campaign. Aretha has always been a very socially conscious artist, an inspiration, not just an entertainer. 649: 1291:

After losing in New Hampshire to Dukakis by a wide margin, Jackson was seen as having done "well enough to argue that he has expanded his appeal to white voters." In the March 8 Super Tuesday contests, Jackson won Virginia, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. Party leaders saw the results as indicating the beginning of a long three-way race between Dukakis, Jackson, and Gore. As the month progressed, Jackson won Alaska, South Carolina, and Puerto Rico.

398:, and a Confederate sheriff. Robinson was a former professional boxer who was an employee of a textile brokerage and a well-known figure in the black community. One year after Jesse's birth, his mother married Charles Henry Jackson, a post office maintenance worker who later adopted the boy. Jesse was given his stepfather's name in the adoption, but as he grew up he also maintained a close relationship with Robinson. He considers both men to be his fathers. 1100:

in third place with 20 percent support, behind Mondale and Hart with 39 and 32 percent. "By achieving unexpected success in some early primaries and caucuses, Mr. Jackson has apparently unified and raised the expectations of black voters," Raines wrote before noting that his support was based "almost entirely on a minority vote" and pondering whether Jackson had the ability to reach white voters and whether whites were willing to vote for black candidates.

1485:, Jackson was under pressure to enter the mayoral race to replace Barry. While Jackson said he was not running for the position, he also said that he thought "that public servants should never say never, and they should never say forever." Jackson talked about running with his 1988 presidential campaign chairman Joel Ferguson, and Ferguson formally announced Jackson's decision not to enter the race the next day. Jackson instead ran for office as " 49: 507: 1648:, Jackson explained his opposition to Clinton's removal from office: "The punishment of impeachment does not correspond to the nature of Mr. Clinton's lack of candor. What he did does not fit the definition of high crimes; it was a little crime." On December 17, Jackson led a prayer vigil outside the U.S. Capitol for the purpose of increasing the visibility of those opposed to Clinton's impeachment. The House impeached Clinton the next day. 579:, a 1950s proponent of the consumer boycott tactic, soon became a major supporter of Jackson's efforts – donating and raising funds, and introducing Jackson to prominent members of the black business community in Chicago. Under Jackson's direction, Operation Breadbasket held popular weekly workshops on Chicago's South Side featuring white and black political and economic leaders, and religious services complete with a jazz band and choir. 1279:; reducing the supply and flow of drugs into communities; the creation of a domestic version of the World Bank called the "American Investment Bank" that would have the authority to sell government bonds to rebuild American infrastructure; suspending the development of new nuclear weapons in order to eventually ban them altogether; and "a very different relationship with the Soviet Union" involving a constructive partnership. In 1987, 1766:

dismantle those terrorist bases, to choose to hand over the suspects and release the Christians rather than engage in a long bloody war, we'll encourage them to do so." The father of one of eight Christian missionaries held in Kabul on charges of proselytizing had made an appeal to Jackson that Jackson called "compelling". There was later some confusion as to where the offer of mediation had come from; the Taliban ambassador to

803:, Goodman was released. The Reagan administration was initially skeptical about Jackson's trip, but after Jackson secured Goodman's release, Reagan welcomed Jackson and Goodman to the White House on January 4, 1984. This helped to boost Jackson's popularity as an American patriot and served as a springboard for his 1984 presidential run. In June 1984 Jackson negotiated the release of 22 Americans being held in 728:

running programs for housing, social services and voter registration. The organization was funded by contributions from businesses and individuals. In early 1987 the continued existence of Operation PUSH was imperiled by debt, a fact that Jackson's political opponents used during his race for the 1988 Democratic Party nomination. In 1996 the Operation PUSH and Rainbow Coalition organizations were merged.

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Congressional District conventions when Democratic Party officials stopped tabulating votes tonight. Mr. Mondale had 741 delegates, while Mr. Jackson had 730. Both totals came to about 29 percent of the vote. Senator Gary Hart of Colorado had 433 delegates, or 17 percent. Mr. Jackson led in the popular vote with 6,061. Mr. Mondale had 5,534 votes, and Mr. Hart 3,700. There were 2,403 uncommitted votes.

1727:, John Bustamante, and Dorothy Rivers; Jackson had requested pardons for them. Jackson had also requested a pardon for his half-brother Noah Robinson who had been convicted of murdering Leroy Barber and sentenced to life imprisonment, but Clinton did not pardon Robinson on the grounds that Robinson had already submitted three pardon appeals, all of which the Justice Department had denied. 1143:, and had gone from a political liability to "mostly a plus for the Democratic ticket, with few minuses". Reagan defeated Mondale in a landslide in the general election, and Thomas Cavanagh of the Joint Center for Political Studies noted that all black challengers lost their elections despite expectations that Jackson's presidential candidacy would increase turnout in their favor. 1746:

These are his convictions and that's why he's going to stand by him." In June 2004, Jackson rebuked Bush for requesting counties purge felons from voting rolls, calling it "a typical South (tactic), denying the right to vote based on race and class." Bush called Jackson's comments "outrageous" and said the civil rights leader was "past his prime." In early 2005 Jackson visited

573:, and he was promoted to national director in 1967. Operation Breadbasket had been started by the Atlanta leadership of the SCLC as a job placement agency for blacks. Under Jackson's leadership, a key goal was to encourage massive boycotts by black consumers as a means to pressure white-owned businesses to hire blacks and to purchase goods and services from black-owned firms. 1655:, high school students were expelled for two years after participating in a brawl at a football game. The incident was caught on home video and became a national media event when CNN ran pictures of the fight. After the students were expelled, Jackson argued that the expulsions were unfair and racially biased, and called on the school board to reverse its decision. 1072:. Although Jackson campaign issues coordinator Frank Watkins said the campaign did not "have to spend but a moment's time on how to utilize TV, because he understands that better than any of the other candidates and most of their media advisers", his performance was criticized for being "either wrong or uninformed". Neither Jackson or Senator 1337:. After Dukakis was nominated, Jackson appeared with Bentsen and Dukakis at a loyalty breakfast where Dukakis told Jackson's supporters that he needed them. By September, former members of Jackson's campaign became involved in a dispute with the Dukakis campaign and the Michigan Democratic Party to "obtain additional jobs, power and money". 3575:

21,000 (equivalent to $ 38,410 in 2023) in payment for contracting work. A promised advance of an additional $ 40,000 against future contracting work was rescinded once the affair became public. This incident prompted Jackson to withdraw from activism for a short time. He was paying $ 4,000 a month in child support as of 2001.

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encouraged to conduct their lives in a morally upstanding manner. Mr. Jackson's hypocrisy cannot easily be overlooked by emphasizing the good that he has done as a public figure. No man is perfect. But when our moral leaders lead immoral lives, what statement does that make to our children? Where does that leave us as a society?

1994:. He called for protesters to do nothing that "would diminish the moral authority of Trayvon Martin as a martyr in this case" and for the Justice Department to file civil rights charges against Zimmerman. The Department of Justice concluded that there was not sufficient evidence of Zimmerman violating Martin's civil rights. 3709:, the deadliest attack on the Jewish community in the United States, Jackson joined other clergy at Congregation Sukkat Shalom in Wilmette to honor the 11 victims, saying, "When nine black lives were lost at Charleston, rabbis were there for us. Now we are here for this community." On March 8, 2020, Jackson endorsed 1427:—had also been used to justify slavery and the treatment of slaves on the plantations. Jackson decried what he believed was the casual taking of life and the decline in society's values. Jackson later changed his views, saying that women have the right to an abortion and that the government should not interfere. 1802:

allegations that the gun store had been selling firearms to local gang members and was contributing to the decay of the community. According to police reports, Jackson refused to stop blocking the front entrance of the store and let customers pass. He was charged with one count of criminal trespassing.

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While Jackson hoped to become the first African-American to run on a national ticket, Dukakis refused. He nonetheless enjoyed a primetime speaking slot at the convention, and his campaign secured changes to primary rules that made the voting process fairer and more proportional. These changes are now

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to further encourage voting, saying America was "being torn asunder by inviting Russia and China and Iran and others into the election process. The gap isn't between black and white so much as it's between the have and the have-nots." In November, Jackson spoke at the funeral of former Representative

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and that urban and rural communities "have significantly deteriorated during the past 46 years of neglect." In an MSNBC interview, Jackson likened the shooting to a state execution and requested that the White House create a policy to address ills in black urban communities. He marched to the site of

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to use her influence to get Alexander's 20-year sentence reduced. He contrasted Alexander's sentence with Zimmerman's acquittal: "A woman was not guilty of shooting or killing anyone is in jail for 20 years. A man who did kill someone is walking free. The gap is too great." In January 2015, Alexander

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in 2002, Jackson joined Democrats who criticized a 1989 paper, which listed Reiger as co-chairman of the authoring group, that endorsed spanking to the point of bruises and welts and opposed married women having careers. Jackson said, "In some sense, Mr. Regier is an extension of Mr. Bush's ideology.

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insulted Jackson on an open television microphone and called Jackson to apologize. Jackson said focusing on the comments was unhelpful and noted that Clinton was the only one of the then-five Democratic presidential candidates who had not agreed to join Jackson on campaign trips highlighting housing,

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article, "Most political analysts give him little chance of being nominated – partly because he is black, partly because of his unentrenched liberalism." Jackson's campaign was also interrupted by allegations about his half-brother Noah Robinson Jr.'s criminal activity. Jackson had to answer frequent

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supported Gore and attacked Jackson, saying that Jews "would have to be crazy" to support his campaign and claimed Jackson lied about his role in the aftermath of King's assassination. Dukakis defeated Jackson in the New York primary, and a distant third-place finish led Gore to drop out of the race.

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As the convention continued, Jackson's proposals to ban runoff primaries, decrease defense spending, and pledge the U.S. would not use nuclear weapons first were voted down from the party platform. In spite of this, Jackson reiterated his support for the Democrats, saying that while they could afford

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In May, Jackson complained that he had won 21% of the popular vote but was awarded only 9% of the delegates. He said afterward that he had been handicapped by party rules. While Mondale (in the words of his aides) was determined to establish a precedent with his vice-presidential candidate by picking

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In 2009 Jackson served as a speaker for the International Peace Foundation on the topic "Building a culture of peace and development in a globalized world". He visited multiple locations in Malaysia, including the Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and in

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In the spring of 1971 Abernathy ordered Jackson to move the national office of Operation Breadbasket from Chicago to Atlanta and sought to place another person in charge of local Chicago activities, but Jackson refused to move. He organized the October 1971 Black Expo in Chicago, a trade and business

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Jackson was also reportedly seeking coalition with whites in order to approach what were considered racial problems as economic and class problems. "When we change the race problem into a class fight between the haves and the have-nots, then we are going to have a new ball game", he said. In the 21st

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Thanks to the ascendency of Barack Obama, Jesse's long reign as the black leader — a position he more or less shared with the Rev. Al Sharpton all these years — has finally come to an end. He's been dethroned by, and lost his political manhood to, an upstart politician barely dry behind the ears but

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Jackson has a well-earned reputation as a seat-of-the-pants operator, able to stir crowds to near-frenzy but incapable of building a structure that can survive in his absence. What was he doing talking Harvard Business School jargon? The answer is that he is "moving on up," as he likes to say. He is

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was reported to have been assaulted in a hate crime, Jackson called the attack an attempt at a "barbaric lynching". Although Trump condemned the assault, Jackson charged him with emboldening bigots through his rhetoric and actions, warning of the revival of demeaning and bullying. Smollett was later

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At the conclusion of the Democratic primary season, Jackson had captured 6.9 million votes and won 11 contests: seven primaries (Alabama, the District of Columbia, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Puerto Rico, and Virginia) and four caucuses (Delaware, Michigan, South Carolina, and Vermont). The day

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debate, where he was noted as the "one candidate who stayed away from most of the bitter exchanges" as he assailed the Reagan administration. In the February 8 Iowa caucus, Jackson came in fourth place behind Gephardt, Simon, and Dukakis, though he had quadrupled his support there from his 1984 bid.

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was the "last significant politician out of the St. Paul–Minneapolis" area. In the June 5 primaries, Jackson ran third behind Mondale and Hart in each state, and Mondale's victories left him with enough delegates to be considered the presumptive nominee. Mondale signaled his desire to telephone both

720:. In 1998 Yusef and his brother Jonathan were chosen by Anheuser-Busch to head River North Sales, a Chicago beer distribution company, leading to controversy. "There is no causal connection between the boycott in 1983 and me meeting in the middle '90s and me buying this company in 1998," said Yusef. 582:

Jackson became involved in SCLC leadership disputes following King's assassination on April 4, 1968. When King was shot, Jackson was in the parking lot one floor below. Jackson told reporters he was the last person to speak to King, and that King died in his arms – an account that several King aides

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Joseph S. Nye, dean of the Kennedy School of Government (KSG), introduced the Rev. Jesse L. Jackson as "the most impressive orator of our time" at yesterday's KSG Class Day speech. "Whatever happens," quipped Nye before Jackson's talk, "it is difficult to sleep through one of his speeches." Indeed,

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The possibility of a black running for President has received increasing attention, with some black leaders endorsing the concept and the Rev. Jesse Jackson, head of Operation Push, putting himself in a position for a possible bid for the Presidency. The N.A.A.C.P. has maintained that blacks should

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Herb Benham claimed Jackson last had "credibility" when he was involved with Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Operation PUSH, and marching with King, which he added was "so many decades ago that it makes the corporate-blackmailing, publicity-sniffing, knee-jerking Jackson seem as if he has

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in attending funerals of the victims. In an op-ed, Jackson called the shooting "the result of institutionalized racism, centuries of dehumanization and the current denial of economic and political equality of opportunity", and urged Obama, Congress, governors, and state legislatures "to all put the

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as his running mate, and Jackson responded that Dukakis had the right to use an approach "making a strategic move to solidify his organization" and that his strategy was to "keep hope alive, to keep focus in our campaign, to keep our delegates and supporters, disciplined detail and full of hope, to

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primary. Jackson's showing among white voters in Wisconsin was significantly better than in 1984, but was also noticeably lower than pre-primary polling had predicted. The back-to-back victories established Dukakis as the front-runner. Jackson and Dukakis debated each other one-on-one for the first

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for half an hour, calling the former segregationist "one of the most forward of any governor across the South in terms of the sharing of appointments with blacks and whites and women, and the tone of the administration had changed". The meeting was seen as Jackson testing support for a presidential

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Jackson received the most black support of any candidate in the Georgia, Alabama and Florida primaries, where massive registration drives targeted at black voters led to a 69 percent increase in voter turnout from 1980 in Georgia and Alabama. A March 1984 Washington Post-ABC News poll found Jackson

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that implied that Chávez should be assassinated. Jackson condemned Robertson's remarks as immoral. After meeting with Chávez and addressing the Venezuelan Parliament, Jackson said there was no evidence that Venezuela posed a threat to the U.S. He also met representatives from the Venezuelan African

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said. DeeDee Wright, another member of the group, later said they wanted to be arrested "so it could be a test case." The Greenville City Council closed both the main library and the branch black people used. The possibility of a lawsuit led to the reopening of both libraries September 19, also the

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and resigned his post as president of Operation PUSH in 1984 to run for president of the United States, though he remained involved as chairman of the board. PUSH's activities were described in 1987 as conducting boycotts of business to induce them to provide more jobs and business to blacks and as

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In her typical fiery yet still eloquent way, Waters spoke passionately about her and other Democrats' mission to impeach President Donald Trump – though, like all of the recipients, she never mentioned the president by name only referring to him as "Number 45." "My friend Jesse Jackson said if you

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The plan, which in some quarters has been deemed a simplistic and potentially expensive remedy for social ills, calls for local and state governments to choose projects that would be funded with pension monies. Participation in the scheme by trustees of pension funds would be voluntary. Employees'

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In 2001, it was revealed that Jackson had had an affair with a staffer, Karin Stanford, that resulted in the birth of a daughter Ashley in May 1999. According to CNN, in August 1999, the Rainbow Push Coalition had paid Stanford $ 15,000 (equivalent to $ 27,440 in 2023) in moving expenses and $

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to press charges against the four Minneapolis Police Department officers involved in Floyd's murder. Jackson said protests should continue "until something happens" and advocated for protesters to obey social distancing protocols in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Chauvin was convicted of

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By early 1986, speculation began that Jackson would mount a second presidential run in 1988. In March 1987, he formed an exploratory committee, making him the second potential candidate to do so, after Gary Hart. By April 1987, after previously having spent "all of half a day" in Iowa, Jackson had

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It is sad to think that we do not hold our moral leaders to a higher moral standard. The Rev. Jesse Jackson's betrayal of the vows he made to his wife 38 years ago was not simply a personal shortcoming that the public should consider separate from his public life. Mr. Jackson betrayed all whom he

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representatives, Jackson and other black leaders began publicly endorsing a Palestinian state, with Jackson calling Israel's prime minister a "terrorist" and soliciting Arab-American financial support. Jackson has since apologized for some of these remarks, but they badly damaged his presidential

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with multiple false claims, Jackson warned that Trump was "making people afraid of her, and it's going to produce violence", noting King's assassination came after he was "defamed" and "vilified by the government." Jackson and his son Jesse Jr. sent Trump a letter requesting that he pardon former

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investigating the suppression of minority voters, noting that between 1.3 and 1.7 million voters were ineligible to vote in Florida due to felony convictions. In September, he gave a speech at the Ministers March for Justice, saying, "Trump says you must be able to speak the language of English,

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and past rhetoric that had "helped to seed these clouds". Days before the election, Jackson cited several reasons for voters to support Clinton over Trump, including the possible repeal of the Affordable Care Act and the appointment of U.S. Supreme Court justices and urged them to "join the right

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In 1987, Donald Rheem called Jackson "one of the most successful black leaders in American history, with 25 years of public service as a self-styled country preacher pushing voter registration, inner-city economic development, and a moral message telling blacks to get off drugs and get on with a

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to lead a "peace delegation" to the country; he had previously undertaken several such independent missions to negotiate the release of overseas American hostages. Jackson said he was reluctant, but that he was carefully considering the visit, saying, "If we can do something to encourage them to

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Former Vice President Walter F. Mondale held a slim lead in delegate strength in the opening round of Virginia's Democratic caucuses over the Rev. Jesse Jackson, who was ahead in the popular vote in one of his strongest showings to date. Results were in for 2,349 of the 2,500 delegates to state

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writes that Jackson, Sharpton, Farrakhan, and Bill Clinton have had careers that were predicated "on exaggerating the extent and the impact of anti-black white racism" and had each "earned a nice living promoting the bogus anti-black-white-racism-remains-a-serious-problem narrative." Jackson, a

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was not signed by the NFL for kneeling during the national anthem, and Trump denounced players who joined Kaepernick in kneeling in protest, Jackson urged a boycott of the NFL as long "as their boycott of Colin Kaepernick continues" and said that Trump should instead focus on helping victims of

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honored Jackson for the 25h anniversary of his 1984 presidential campaign. Of Obama's health care reform proposal, Jackson said, "We even have blacks voting against the health care bill. You can't vote against health care and call yourself a black man." His comments were interpreted as a dig at

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as they showed their solidarity with striking clerical, dining hall and maintenance workers. He was the first person handcuffed. On June 23, 2007, Jackson was arrested in connection with a protest at a gun store in Riverdale, a low-income suburb of Chicago. He and others were protesting due to

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In 1990, Jackson attended a dinner honoring the 20th anniversary of The Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, where Bush spoke of the day an African-American would one day be president and teased Jackson by invoking him when mentioning his visit with children in ghettos: "Jesse. I'm

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wrote that while Jackson's support "continued to flow predominantly from black districts", his support among white voters allowed him to "claim that he is more than a one-race candidate. Perhaps more to the point, no other candidate was able to generate anything like the total support that Mr.

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As February closed, Jackson announced his supporters would file a lawsuit against state election rules that he deemed racially motivated, specifically targeting "dual registration" and "second primaries". Jackson, Mondale, and Hart took part in the March 28 debate, where Jackson interjected as

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clever beyond his years. Jesse has long been the self-appointed leader of black America, a race baiter who has used race baiting to feather his own nest, bludgeoning cowardly American businessmen to pay him tribute in the form of contributions to his Rainbow Coalition and sundry other causes.

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were discarded at higher rates than those of whites. Jackson noted 27,000 votes from Duval County were not counted on election night and most of them came from black inner-city neighborhoods. Gore conceded the election weeks later. Jackson responded to Bush's victory with plans for a national

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On October 11, 1987, Jackson announced his candidacy in the 1988 presidential election. At the time of his announcement, polling showed that he led in nine of the 12 Southern states that would hold primaries or caucuses in March and led the Democratic field at 27 percent. In November, Jackson

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Because Jackson has so prominently urged young people to take the high road of personal responsibility, some conclude that his actions reveal hypocrisy. But it is not hypocritical to fail to achieve the moral standards that one believes are correct. Hypocrisy comes when leaders conjure moral

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credited Jackson with drawing "thousands of black Americans into the political process for the first time", shaking the Democratic Party's status quo, and "inspiring black pride generally by his strong showing in many primaries and his performances in candidate debates." Chairman of the D.C.

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noted that the University of Illinois had previously had a black quarterback, but also noted that black athletes attending traditionally white colleges during the 1950s and 1960s encountered a "combination of culture shock and discrimination". Edwards also suggested that Jackson had left the

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criticized the march as "little more than a campaign rally for the Democratic Party, which has overseen wholesale job and wage cuts in Detroit and nationally while escalating military violence around the world" and in actuality "a demonstration in support of the American ruling class drive,

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as Jackson spoke, there was nary a shut eye at the ARCO Forum. Jackson, who is president and founder of the Rainbow Coalition (please see profile, page B-5), drew large amounts of applause throughout his speech, pausing only to allow for occasional whoops and cheers of approval to die down.

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in which he bemoaned that many young people were "experiencing an ethical collapse, a spiritual withdrawal, and escaping this reality through drugs, alcohol, sex without love, making unwanted babies and turning on each other with violence". Later that month, after basketball player

11478:"Sen. Sanders is a long-time friend of Rev. Jackson. They held a very productive, hour-long meeting at Operation PUSH headquarters on important issues confronting the country and the African-American community," Michael Briggs, Sanders' campaign spokesman, said in an email to CNN. 1294:

Jackson scored a surprising victory in the March 26 Michigan primary, defeating Dukakis in a landslide. This made him the front-runner in the race and spurred party officials to actively contemplate that he could be the party's nominee after all. Former Democratic Party chairman

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The nation's courts are slipping back into the "state rights" philosophy that had historically isolated minority communities and the poor from having their political needs heard and addressed, civil rights icon the Rev. Jesse Jackson Sr. told the Louisiana Legislative Black

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charged with falsifying the attack, and Jackson was among those who wrote to the judge handling the case, requesting leniency for Smollett as he had already been "excoriated and vilified in the court of public opinion" and had his professional reputation "severely damaged".

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had confusing and illegal ballots that failed to adhere to state laws mandating that voters make their choice to the right of the candidate's name. On December 5, Jackson joined Florida Black Caucus members in filing a civil rights suit charging that minority voters in

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reflecting on King's accomplishments and his continued relevance in current struggles. He asserted that those "who value justice and equality must have the will and courage to follow him." In September, Jackson attended the Angela Project Conference with Congressman

1851:, Jackson stated that his Rainbow/PUSH Coalition would pay for the rest of her college tuition regardless of the outcome of the case. The case against the three men was later thrown out and the players were declared innocent by the North Carolina Attorney General. 1789:

as a plaintiff, filed suit against Jackson alleging that he "intentionally misrepresented himself as an official of the African American race." Jackson responded that it was "a nuisance lawsuit with no basis in law or fact." That year, Jackson was a target of a

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wrote that Obama's embrace of Sharpton had "as much to do with the president's antipathy for three other black leaders—Jesse Jackson, Dr. Cornel West and Tavis Smiley—as it does with any genuine White House enthusiasm for the controversial New York preacher."

1627:. In March 2000, Jackson criticized Giuliani's handling of the Patrick Dorismond shooting, saying that there was "something that is not well about his response to unarmed people being shot by police." Mayoral spokesman Curt Ritter responded, "Jesse Jackson, 1092:, the ABC News interviewer who was the moderator, asked him if he had made anti-Semitic statements, including referring to Jews as 'Hymies.'" Hart defended Jackson as having "no derogatory feelings in his soul", and went on to win the New Hampshire primary. 1105:

Democratic State Committee Theodis Gay said that Jackson's campaign "puts blacks in particular back in touch with an identity—a feeling of self-worth and of hope." Overall, Jackson received three quarters of the black vote in the Democratic primary. A

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and contrasted him with Chairman Brown: "At almost the same moment that Jackson learned he could no longer hold the Democratic Party and its nominee hostage to his demands, Brown was showing he could carry the party and its convention in his hands."

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to meet with the Cook County party leaders in Chicago to prevent the campaign's deterioration and avoid "dissension and splintering of the Democratic vote". Jackson and his supporters charged that Chicago Democrats would do anything to prevent

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University of Illinois in 1960 because he had been placed on academic probation, but the school's president reported in 1987 that Jackson's 1960 freshman year transcript was clean and said he would have been eligible to re-enroll at any time.

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fight, you can win. If you don't fight, you will never know if you can win," said Waters, who also took time to heap praise upon NNPA National Chairman Dorothy R. Leavell, the publisher of the Crusader newspapers in Gary, Indiana and Chicago.

1523:. A short time later, Jackson formally declared he would not mount a third presidential bid and called for the creation of "new democratic majority". His decision not to run caused concerns for the future of the Rainbow Coalition, which the 2226:

In June, Jackson went to Alvin S. Glenn Detention Center to encourage inmates to vote as part of a voter registration drive in South Carolina with particular focus on students, seniors, and working-class residents. Months later, he visited

2172:, in which he accused Trump of being misleading and called him a "man of inherited wealth and privilege who seems to have no understanding of our situation". Ahead of the 50th anniversary of King's assassination, Jackson wrote an op-ed for 1311:

Koch later apologized in a letter, expressing regret "if racial or religious friction resulted" from his comments about Jackson. Jackson narrowly lost the Colorado primary to Dukakis, and was defeated handily the next day by Dukakis in the

1675:, stating his intent to continue championing the causes of education and health care reform and highlighting the "ongoing shame of our nation—the explosive growth of the prison-industrial complex." In August, Jackson criticized Republican 6986: 11888: 6820:

savings, Jackson said, would be protected through a system of federal guarantees and leveraged through a domestic version of the World Bank and "a very different relationship with the Soviet Union" involving a constructive partnership.

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was beginning to wane. The break began when Abernathy questioned the handling of receipts from the Black Expo, and then suspended Jackson as leader of Operation Breadbasket for not obtaining permission to form non-profit corporations.

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Floyd's murder in April 2021. Jackson appeared with the Floyd family at a press conference shortly after the verdict, where he told attendees that they would have to "learn to live together as brothers and sisters and not die apart".

1893:, a microphone picked up Jackson whispering to fellow guest Reed Tuckson: "See, Barack's been, ahh, talking down to black people on this faith-based... I want to cut his nuts off." Jackson was expressing his disappointment in Obama's 19570: 457:. Accounts of the reasons for the transfer differ, though Jackson has said that he changed schools because racial prejudice prevented him from playing quarterback and limited his participation on a competitive public-speaking team. 1720:

demonstration at federal buildings to coincide with Bush's inauguration and the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., which Jackson said would adhere to King's message of nonviolent civil disobedience to raise awareness of equality.

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bid. In September, Jackson attended a presidential candidates forum; he embraced the Congressional Black Caucus's positions on education, employment, and defense, and was greeted with chants of "Run Jesse Run" and "Win Jesse Win".

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said he considers Jackson his mentor and added, "the resignation of Reverend Jesse Jackson is the pivoting of one of the most productive, prophetic, and dominant figures in the struggle for social justice in American history".

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called Jackson "an architect of the soul of Chicago" and said, "his faith, his perseverance, his love, and his relentless dedication to people inspire all of us to keep pushing for a better tomorrow". Civil rights activist

2190:, noting injustices in America such as wealth inequality and the disproportionate number of imprisoned African-Americans. Jackson also said that both the Devil and Trump were temporary and would be outlasted by "the Lord". 1260:

would serve as his campaign chairman while political strategist Gerald Austin became his campaign manager. Later that month, Jackson announced he would stop his tour of the Persian Gulf to attend the funeral of his friend,

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bemoaning the fact that only one percent of American public officials were African-American despite blacks making up 12 percent of the population; the crowd responded with chants for him to "Run". Jackson's address to the

12686: 11277: 1489:" for the District of Columbia when the position was created in 1991, serving until 1997, when he did not run for reelection. This unpaid position was primarily a post to lobby for statehood for the District of Columbia. 2324:, protect voting rights and raise the federal minimum wage to $ 15 an hour. In 2022, he wrote to an Argentinian judge in defense of the leaders of a yoga school who had been accused of forcing women into prostitution. 10679: 1618:

for refusing to support Sharpton in the event that he won the primary, calling it "the worst conceivable time for polarizing statements and positions by responsible leaders". Sharpton lost the Democratic primary to

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Even in our fractured state, all of us count and all of us fit somewhere. We have proven that we can survive without each other. But we have not proven that we can win and progress without each other. We must come

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to discourage "vigilante" behavior. Zimmerman was arrested, and later acquitted of second-degree murder. Jackson responded to the acquittal by refusing to accept it, comparing it to the acquittals in the cases of

2213:, the father-son pair declaring that they stood with the Blagojevich family "as they seek a full pardon for a father and husband that has served most of a sentence that was far longer than the offense deserved". 618:

In December 1971 Jackson and Abernathy had a complete falling out, with the split described as part of a leadership struggle between Jackson, who had a national profile, and Abernathy, whose prominence from the

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A professor who grades presidential candidates on their rhetoric said Thursday Jesse Jackson is a natural orator, Vice President George Bush still 'comes across as a wimp' and Gary Hart only talks about the

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made the situation worse by issuing, in Jackson's presence, a public warning to Jews that "If you harm this brother , it will be the last one you harm." During a speech before national Jewish leaders in a

2143:, Hispanicize conference, where he called the Trump administration's efforts to set up deportation camps "Germanesque" and denounced the more than 30 Hispanic-owned firms who put in a bid to construct the 6282: 1897:

speech chastising absent Black fathers. Subsequent to his Fox News interview, Jackson apologized and reiterated his support for Obama. On November 4, Jackson attended the Obama victory rally in Chicago's

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At A&T, Jackson played quarterback and was elected student body president. He became active in local civil rights protests against segregated libraries, theaters, and restaurants. He graduated with a

17906: 17901: 2317:, calling it "long past time to end the folly in Afghanistan" and "long past time to start investing in the future of America's children and in meeting the existential threat posed by climate change." 3668:, Jackson publicly apologized to Jews for the pejorative remarks, but did not denounce Farrakhan's warning. A rift between Jackson and many in the Jewish community endured at least through the 1990s. 599:

century, some public school systems are working on an approach for affirmative action that deals with family income rather than race, recognizing that some minority members have been very successful.

566:(SCLC), though he was concerned about Jackson's apparent ambition and attention-seeking. When Jackson returned from Selma, he was charged with establishing a frontline office for the SCLC in Chicago. 12296: 11102: 1785:

that coexisted with slavery in favor of "King democracy", named for his former mentor who "fundamentally changed democracy." In November, African Americans Against Exploitation Inc., which included

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with the Taliban. Ultimately, Jackson rejected the offer, citing the lack of progress made by a Pakistani delegation, calling the Afghan response "a mistake on their part and strangely suspicious."

12679: 796:, who was being held by the Syrian government. Goodman had been shot down over Lebanon while on a mission to bomb Syrian positions in that country. After Jackson made a dramatic personal appeal to 11531:

Indeed, it has been one of the great joys of my life to watch the nation get to know, respect and admire this great patriot, public servant and man of God. Rest in peace and power, my dear friend.

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making ready a vehicle more substantial than the jerry-built network of preachers and activists he mobilized in 1984, for what will almost surely be another presidential candidacy in 1988.

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in the hospital after he was wounded in a drive-by shooting. Jackson said the real issue was "the violent culture we live in—the survival of the fittest that too often calls for revenge".

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said that his Michigan win showed that Jackson "has a kind of power we hadn't expected" and "a real vulnerability" in the Dukakis campaign. Jackson participated in the March 28 debate at

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that "Black people need the Republican Party to compete for us so we can have real alternatives ... The Republican Party needs black people if it is ever to compete for national office."

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to low-income workers and the poor, making voter registration automatic, limiting big money in politics, and reviving the Voting Rights Act. On March 5, Jackson attended an event on the

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to apologize; Jackson accepted Richards' apology and met with him publicly as a means of resolving the situation. Jackson also joined Black leaders in a call for the elimination of the "

1217:. He stressed that farmers and businessmen were akin to unemployed blacks in being negatively affected by the Reagan administration's economic policies. In July, Jackson met with former 20938: 20933: 7254: 7046: 2314: 1129:, which notably featured an apology alluding to his comments considered derogatory to Jews and "answered the longstanding question of his loyalty to the party in the general election". 7889: 746:

at the Greenville Public Library in Greenville, South Carolina, which only allowed white people. The group was arrested for "disorderly conduct". Jackson's pastor paid their bond, the

17918: 13408: 12777: 6653: 2290:, and spoke at Grace Lutheran Church, where he condemned Blake's and Taylor's shooting deaths. In October, Jackson met with the Taylor and Blake families and led a march with them in 1027:, who supported his right to run, refrained from endorsing him due to their belief he would not win the nomination. Among black office-holders, Jackson received the support of former 1828:, the front-runner for the Democratic presidential nomination, would make him a formidable opponent for Bush and urged those feeling powerless to get involved. Jackson addressed the 607:

fair to promote black capitalism and grass roots political power. The five-day event was attended by black businessmen from 40 states, as well as politicians such as Cleveland Mayor

21023: 19500: 12319: 9940: 6223: 1691:, saying that he brought "to the table a body of invaluable accomplishments as a former congressman, senator and vice president." Gore won the nomination, and Jackson addressed the 8860: 11770: 6751: 6089: 1275:; higher taxes on the wealthy and defense spending cuts intended to reduce federal budget deficits and increase education, housing, welfare, and childcare spending; ratifying the 9080: 390:, on October 8, 1941, to Helen Burns (1924–2015), a 16-year-old high school student, and her 33-year-old married neighbor, Noah Louis Robinson (1908–1997). His ancestry includes 11543: 1329:

put forth the very best expression we can of support on Wednesday, July 20, at nomination time." The dispute between Jackson and Dukakis led Jackson to suggest former President

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Brown's shooting with other protesters and led them in prayer, warning them that they could "reshape an iron while it's hot, but don't destroy yourself in the process." After

11728: 11513:"Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett, the Allman Brothers, Elvis Presley looked up to Bobby Blue Bland. He was simply the best at honing his skills," said friend Rev. Jesse Jackson. 7064: 6568: 3625:

adding that people like Jackson and Sharpton "do not deserve to be called civil rights leaders" and "are hustlers and pimps who make a living off inflaming racial tensions."

5429: 5292: 10669: 6386: 2033:. Jackson wrote an op-ed addressing Ferguson in which he declared that "there has been no significant urban, suburban, small town or rural policy to rebuild America" since 280:, Jackson maintained his status as a prominent civil rights leader throughout his political and theological career for over seven decades. He served from 1991 to 1997 as a 12023: 10316: 9528: 6530: 5940: 4146: 7688:

Robinson was ultimately convicted on racketeering and drug conspiracy charges, and of being an accessory to the attempted murder of another employee. He was sentenced to

6352: 5922: 10346: 8390: 6497: 6455: 5865: 1914:, the only member of the caucus to vote against the proposal, and political observers said that Jackson's criticism could benefit Davis, who was then a candidate in the 1703: 10584:

Black women are the most loyal Democrats — 93% of them voted for Biden in the 2020 presidential election, according to AP VoteCast, a national survey of the electorate.

9429: 7463: 5058: 20547: 12087: 6149: 1440:, as both were "preceded by a disingenuous campaign to urge citizens to respect the decisions of the court as grounded in law, not politics". He predicted overturning 205: 11278:"Civil Rights Icon Rev. Jesse Jackson, along with Attorney and National Media Personality Eboni K. Williams, receive Honorary Doctorate Degrees from Benedict College" 3693:

article, Jackson began attempting to improve his relationship with the Jewish community after 1984. In 2000, he was invited to speak in support of Jewish Senator and

1824:, where he called for southern voters to turn away from the fears and despair that led to their support of Bush in 2000. Jackson also said the wartime credentials of 20988: 16259: 14544: 6808: 6049: 4063: 595:

reported that several black leaders viewed Jackson as King's successor and that Jackson was one of the few black activists who was preaching racial reconciliation.

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might not have been born if abortion had been available in ancient times. Jackson's strong rhetoric on abortion temporarily alienated one of his major supporters,

16239: 10702: 8634: 7647: 6029: 6209: 1555:. But Jackson became a key ally in gaining African American support for Clinton and eventually became a close adviser and friend of the Clinton family. His son 20973: 20968: 18439: 18434: 17983: 16715: 16572: 16283: 13401: 12770: 10611: 10275: 9838: 9684: 8571: 6873: 6441: 2152: 1444:

would "spark fierce political battles over basic rights in the states, the Congress, the courts and on the streets". In June 2022, the Supreme Court overruled

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As a child, Jackson was taunted by other children about his out-of-wedlock birth and has said these experiences helped motivate him to succeed. Living under

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residents to combat gentrification even if it meant marching to company headquarters in Silicon Valley, and met with Silicon Valley leaders. In June, after

20998: 20878: 14207: 11099: 10640: 7747: 3384: 1750:'s parents and supported their unsuccessful bid to keep her alive, which Bush also supported, one of the few times Jackson and Bush backed the same cause. 10437: 6833: 562:, King and other civil rights leaders in Alabama. Impressed by Jackson's drive and organizational abilities, King soon began giving Jackson a role in the 16331: 16179: 12005: 7537: 5680: 1699: 11491: 8602: 1349:

of the Jackson campaign". But his past successes made him a more credible candidate, and he was both better financed and better organized than in 1984.

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standards that they refuse to apply to themselves and when they do not accept the same consequences they imagine for others who offend moral standards.

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introduced Jackson at the Winston Elementary School, where Jackson said that the "number one threat to the development of this generation is drugs".

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time in the April 23 debate. Throughout May, Dukakis won more contests, and Jackson's own staff admitted he no longer could win the nomination.

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also indicated that Jackson was being criticized as too involved with middle-class blacks, and for having an unattainable goal of racial unity.

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called for Reagan to announce a nationwide war on drugs and seek increased funding of federal anti-drug education programs in public schools.

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The politics of truth : inside the lies that put the White House on trial and betrayed my wife's CIA identity : a diplomat's memoir

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vote for the candidate who mirrors their concerns and has the chance of being elected, which would rule out support of a black at this time.

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His international efforts continued into the 2000s. On February 15, 2003, Jackson spoke in front of over an estimated one million people in

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Upon graduating from high school in 1959, he rejected a contract from a minor league professional baseball team so that he could attend the

20943: 20563: 18214: 18050: 17759: 17749: 17407: 17397: 13579: 13483: 13452: 12913: 12821: 10261: 10115: 7163: 6789:"TRACKING VOTES: CANDIDATES STEP UP DRIVE IN TUESDAY'S NEW YORK PRIMARY Jesse Jackson; From Civil Rights To Infrastructure; Still Marching" 3369: 2380: 2261: 2122: 2106: 1878: 1520: 323: 311: 20978: 12469: 12465: 11259: 10247: 8053: 6600: 5748: 2340: 2156:

qualified and have a job skill. Jesus would not qualify to come in Trump's country. would not qualify to get into Jesus' kingdom." After

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saying that Trump "must prove he is worthy of the office by immediately going to work uniting the country he has done so much to divide."

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in an effort to encourage better cross-community relations and rebuild the peace process and restore the governmental institutions of the

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for the release of foreign nationals held there as a "human shield", securing the release of several British and 20 American individuals.

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after feeling dehydration and stomach pains. Doctors told him he had viral gastroenteritis. In November 2017, Jackson was diagnosed with

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Although Jackson was one of the most liberal members of the Democratic Party, his position on abortion was originally more in line with

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campaign, as "Jackson was seen by many conservatives in the United States as hostile to Israel and far too close to Arab governments."

3424: 2058: 1848: 1663: 378:, and conservative policies, and is regarded as one of the most influential African-American activists of the 20th and 21st centuries. 9669: 2109:, citing his longtime associations with both. After Clinton secured the nomination, Jackson endorsed her. In July, Republican nominee 983: 632:. Jackson, his entire Breadbasket staff, and 30 of the 35 board members resigned from the SCLC and began planning a new organization. 18135: 17639: 16748: 16316: 14867: 14569: 12944: 11921: 11473: 6426: 6241: 4797: 2139:, where he said that both a half-century of civil rights and the right to vote had been threatened. In April, he participated in the 1832:. In the general election, Jackson traveled with Kerry, and stumped for him in battleground states. Kerry lost to Bush. In 2005, the 978: 12055: 10596: 10400: 8469: 8391:"What have presidents been impeached for? These were the articles of impeachment for Andrew Johnson, Richard Nixon and Bill Clinton" 6892: 314:. Initially seen as a fringe candidate, Jackson finished in third place for the Democratic nomination, behind former Vice President 20928: 18571: 18483: 18113: 17634: 16856: 16688: 16351: 16306: 15974: 14857: 14785: 14511: 14391: 13892: 13689: 13426: 13422: 13418: 13175: 12994: 12852: 12795: 12791: 12787: 11738: 8093: 8072: 6711: 2077:

same effort, resources and energy into ending the crime of racism, economic injustice and political denial throughout the nation".

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segregation laws, Jackson was taught to go to the back of the bus and use separate water fountains—practices he accepted until the

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In 1999 he received the Golden Doves for Peace journalistic prize awarded by the Italian Research Institute Archive Disarmo.

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was released from a Jacksonville jail under a plea deal that capped her sentence at the three years she had already served.

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was quoted as saying, "We have not invited him , but he has made an offer to mediate which has been accepted by our leader,

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based civil rights leader. Jackson met with Graham, but was unable to persuade him, and Henry was executed on September 20.

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chose to not indict Brown's shooter, Darren Wilson, Jackson requested the involvement of a federal grand jury in the case.

1821: 1303:, where he was the only candidate greeted with applause, and stressed that government intervention could end homelessness. 1241: 1152: 946: 636:

magazine quoted Jackson as saying at that time that the traditional civil rights movement had lost its "offensive thrust".

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praised Jackson for helping "to enable a new generation of African Americans to serve" through his presidential campaign.

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spearheaded by the Obama administration, to put in place a permanent lowering of wages and living conditions in the US."

1915: 1829: 1692: 1611: 1536: 1334: 1126: 341: 21038: 10881: 10833: 3838: 1109:/CBS News Poll found that black Democrats preferred Mondale to Jackson as the Democratic nominee by a margin of 5 to 3. 485:

on a scholarship. He dropped out in 1966, three classes short of earning his master's degree, to focus full-time on the

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had two lives—one respectable and one not." Jackson has also been charged with exploiting racial divides for his gain,

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and Alan Hevesi have joined the political pile-on team being captained by Al Sharpton in the name of Hillary Clinton."

868: 12037: 11858: 10773:"Rev. Jesse Jackson After Chauvin Verdict: 'We Must Learn To Live Together As Brothers And Sisters And Not Die Apart'" 8882: 7516: 7184: 4731: 1942:, which he said was held to show Obama and other leaders that Detroit needed a focused urban policy. Shannon Jones of 21043: 20993: 19166: 18526: 16916: 16567: 16311: 16184: 14658: 14435: 13762: 13099: 12592: 12418: 12397: 12212: 12069: 11526: 10519: 10187: 8212: 8026: 7995: 7969: 7372: 4259: 4101: 3680: 1810: 1479: 1160: 860:, who later agreed to release the three men. Jackson's negotiation was not sanctioned by the Clinton administration. 12171: 11820:"Jacqueline Jackson, the wife of civil rights leader Rev. Jesse Jackson, is home after hospitalization for Covid-19" 9874: 9853: 8579: 6316: 6129: 4676: 2126:

side of history". Trump defeated Clinton in the general election, and Jackson shortly thereafter wrote an op-ed for

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in Washington, D.C., and was credited with managing its 15-acre tent city – but he began to increasingly clash with

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legalized abortion, Jackson began a PUSH campaign against the decision, calling abortion murder and declaring that

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by the U.S. and the United Kingdom. In November 2004 Jackson visited senior politicians and community activists in

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The History of the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM 1971 – 2011: The Fabric of Freemasonry

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and as a solo artist issued two albums in the late 1970s. Along with his songwriting partner and fellow producer,

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organization. Extending his activism into international matters beginning in the 1980s, he became a critic of the

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on Sight by Grand Master Senter of the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Illinois; thereby making him a

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Neither Senator Ernest F. Hollings of South Carolina nor the Rev. Jesse Jackson has competed vigorously in Iowa.

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proponent of marriage, was accused of hypocrisy for fathering a child out of wedlock in an extramarital affair.

2331:, Jackson wrote an op-ed calling for Biden "to lay out a plan—and to call the Congress to act" by extending the 1008:

and touring of southern Texas to test his appeal among Hispanics fueled speculation he would run for president.

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on a football scholarship. After his second semester at the predominantly white college, Jackson transferred to

230: 20399: 18231: 18125: 18040: 17644: 14087: 13033: 12524:"As GOP Appears to Win Extension of Bush-Era Tax Cuts for Wealthy, Rev. Jesse Jackson Calls for 'War on Poverty 12451: 11683: 10420: 10205: 8498: 8332: 8027:"Testing of the President: The Counselor; Once a Nemesis, Jackson Has Become the President's Spiritual Adviser" 7912: 7664:

An investigation into allegations that Robinson had ordered the murder of a former employee was begun in 1987.

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Jackson did." Jackson once again exceeded expectations as he more than doubled his previous results, prompting

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at Northwestern Memorial Hospital in Chicago. On August 27, it was reported that he had been transferred to a

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would have to mediate their conflict, and they did not reach an agreement until shortly before the opening of

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This article is about the civil rights activist. For his son, a former U.S. Representative from Illinois, see

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In June 2019, as Biden prepared to deliver remarks for Rainbow PUSH in his capacity as a candidate in the

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and called for the Justice Department to investigate the "widespread disgrace across this state", noting

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In an AP-AOL "Black Voices" poll in February 2006, Jackson was voted "the most important black leader".

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spent six days there throughout the year and moved his office to the rural part of the state instead of

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In 1975, Jackson endorsed a plan for a constitutional amendment banning abortion. He also endorsed the

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Proceedings of the 138th Communication of the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Ohio F&AM

10802:"Jesse Jackson arrest: Chicago activist arrested in Washington, DC while protesting for voting rights" 788:

Jackson's influence extended to international matters in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1983, he traveled to

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In 1978 Jackson called for a closer relationship between blacks and the Republican Party, telling the

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Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth

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On August 3, 2021, Jackson and several others were arrested after protesting for Congress to end the

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During the 1980s Jackson achieved wide fame as a politician and a spokesman for civil rights issues.

958: 584: 327: 9343:"Jesse Jackson: Obama deserves 'at least a B' but must address 'urban crisis' epitomized by Detroit" 6007: 4017: 3990: 3483: 660: 19767: 19258: 18874: 18658: 17973: 17537: 17450: 17094: 16883: 16698: 16638: 16628: 16554: 15923: 15883: 15408: 15313: 14721: 14670: 14663: 14636: 14576: 14457: 14367: 14291: 12518: 12513: 11369: 11163: 10750: 10461:"Bernie Sanders drops out of the 2020 race, clearing Joe Biden's path to the Democratic nomination" 10094: 6587:"JESSE JACKSON THROWS HAT IN RING CANDIDATE FOR DEMOCRATIC NOMINATION SAYS NATION NEEDS LEADERSHIP" 1943: 1707: 1684: 1603:

criticized his remark as "off the mark" in characterizing Shakur as a victim of a violent society.

10276:"Rev. Jesse Jackson Sends Letter to Trump Seeking Pardon for Former Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich" 9913:"Voices of the Women's March: '50 Years of Civil Rights Have Been Threatened,' Says Jesse Jackson" 8152:"THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: Democrats; Jackson Asks His Party to Pay Attention to the Poor and the Cities" 4833: 4514: 4475: 4427: 4394: 4211: 4178: 3778:

Jackson was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on 8 October 1941 to an unmarried, teenage mother.

615:. Daley's presence was seen as a testament to the growing political and economic power of blacks. 20532: 20059: 19884: 18802: 18557: 18306: 17856: 17510: 17479: 17259: 17199: 17064: 16807: 16273: 15688: 15458: 15123: 15103: 15018: 14973: 14549: 14506: 14489: 14327: 14296: 14248: 14169: 13723: 12502: 10655:"Rev. Jesse Jackson joins Jacob Blake, Breonna Taylor families, urging people to vote for change" 9630: 4888: 3649: 3533: 3447: 2283: 2085: 1930: 1919: 945:

ran to encourage more of Britain's ethnic minorities to vote in political elections ahead of the

857: 830: 629: 19508: 12101: 11590: 10832:"It Called Itself a Yoga School. Prosecutors Say It Was a Sex Cult" New York Times, 8 June 2024 9263: 322:. He continued his activism for the next three years, and mounted a second bid for president in 247: 20958: 20843: 19702: 19330: 19314: 19194: 18938: 18930: 18858: 18746: 18722: 18706: 18221: 17951: 17189: 16983: 16973: 16911: 16721: 16660: 15728: 15463: 15448: 15443: 15318: 15173: 15013: 14958: 14528: 14378: 14301: 14272: 14234: 13998: 13751: 13315: 13024: 12651: 12538: 11190: 10206:"Jussie Smollett sentenced to 150 days in jail, 30 months' probation before emotional outburst" 9705: 9316: 5987:. The primaries lasted through June 12, and the final percentage has been calculated as 18.09%. 4118: 3962: 3583: 3299: 3263: 3245: 3155: 2351: 1998: 1782: 1436: 1304: 1276: 1081: 1069: 910:

that "democracies mature" and incorrectly said that the first 15 U.S. presidents owned slaves (

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In 1966 King and Bevel selected Jackson to head the Chicago branch of the SCLC's economic arm,

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wrote "has only carried political clout in the years when Mr. Jackson has run for President."

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in Greenville, where he was elected student class president, finished tenth in his class, and

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Jackson began his activism in the 1960s and founded the organizations that merged to form the

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in February 2012, Jackson joined Martin's parents as they demanded the arrest of his killer,

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In a 2002 interview, Jackson said there was "a new America" and the world was abandoning the

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On July 16, 1960, while home from college, Jackson joined seven other African Americans in a

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had violated electoral law and fined them $ 200,000 (equivalent to $ 299,900 in 2023).

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called Jackson "a classic liberal in the tradition of the New Deal and the Great Society".

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in 2000 based on his previous credits earned plus his life experience and subsequent work.

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died from cardiac arrest stemming from "cocaine intoxication", Jackson and Representative

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Jackson has been known for commanding public attention since he first started working for

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border while patrolling with a UN peacekeeping unit. He met with then-Yugoslav president

474: 423: 209: 18626: 18326: 11889:"Rev. Jesse Jackson visits the State Capitol, assisting Black Caucus to register voters" 9956:"Rev. Jesse Jackson on Donald Trump: 'He would not qualify to get into Jesus's kingdom'" 9186: 4961: 712:, criticizing the company's level of minority employment in their distribution network. 20689: 20514: 20101: 19870: 19418: 19282: 19250: 18850: 18810: 18730: 18394: 18331: 18074: 17532: 17299: 17279: 17184: 17109: 16936: 16841: 16831: 16819: 16710: 16607: 16582: 16421: 16189: 16173: 16166: 16145: 16137: 16131: 16094: 15928: 15838: 15818: 15743: 15723: 15713: 15693: 15608: 15493: 15438: 15383: 15288: 15068: 14983: 14642: 14626: 14606: 14372: 14337: 14264: 13821: 13718: 13263: 12709: 12635: 12139: 12120: 11845:"Jesse Jackson: molded by struggle. Segregation instilled a fierce ambition to succeed" 11765: 11309: 10865: 10557: 10524: 9879: 9730: 9710: 9268: 9213: 9031: 9011: 8969: 8943: 8733: 8265: 8156: 8117: 8077: 8031: 8000: 7953: 7597: 7577: 7542: 7521: 7501: 7398: 7377: 7342: 7239: 7204: 7168: 7147: 7126: 7030: 7009: 6970: 6897: 6857: 6813: 6793: 6736: 6716: 6677: 6624: 6410: 6321: 6267: 6246: 6193: 6173: 6134: 6113: 6073: 6034: 5963: 5907: 5831: 5810: 5789: 5753: 5733: 5664: 5554: 5414: 5394: 5373: 5316: 5175: 5155: 4928: 4551: 3978: 3902: 3843: 3734: 3495: 3401: 3135: 3003: 2594: 2306: 2291: 2287: 2174: 2030: 1786: 1687:

by not pushing any hate-crime bills. On March 1, 2000, Jackson endorsed Vice President

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talking about little kids. I'm not talking about 49-year-old guys. Let's not rush it."

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Jackson's younger brother, Charles "Chuck" Jackson, was a singer with the vocal group

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On January 20, 2001, Bill Clinton's final day in office, Clinton pardoned Congressman

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wrote that Jackson "provided the most dramatic exchange of the 90-minute program when

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https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/08/world/americas/argentina-yoga-school-sex-cult.html

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for delaying a bill that would make lynching a hate crime. In September, Jackson and

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and positioning himself as a moderate Democrat. Davis lost the Democratic primary to

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did not). He ended by saying that the U.S. had come "a mighty long way" since then.

489:. He was ordained a minister in 1968 and was awarded a Master of Divinity degree by 20815: 20736: 20661: 20335: 19975: 19899: 19894: 19792: 19679: 19639: 19587: 19537: 19322: 18974: 18966: 18942: 18898: 18634: 17997: 17968: 17963: 17861: 17829: 17802: 17527: 17144: 17114: 17104: 17099: 16666: 16466: 16451: 16441: 16411: 16152: 16099: 15948: 15933: 15898: 15763: 15708: 15698: 15593: 15468: 15403: 15278: 15193: 15153: 15143: 15133: 15118: 15113: 15088: 14978: 14362: 14277: 14240: 14030: 14023: 13294: 12586: 12543: 10225: 8964: 8279: 7235:"NEW YORK GIVES DUKAKIS A CRUCIAL VICTORY; JACKSON FAR AHEAD OF GORE, WHO MAY QUIT" 5088: 5028: 4847: 4175:"Rev. Jesse Jackson Sr. Receives Master's Degree From Chicago Theological Seminary" 3472: 3350: 3028: 2359: 2157: 2148: 1978: 1890: 1855: 1571: 1424: 1262: 1114: 1028: 1016: 919: 880: 777: 737: 688: 612: 285: 265: 11844: 11544:"Rev. Jesse Jackson, Sr., On His Friend And Fellow Civil Rights Leader John Lewis" 5496: 5263: 4823: 20805: 20683: 20671: 20577: 20451: 20378: 20303: 20106: 19941: 19651: 19442: 19386: 19022: 19006: 18958: 18922: 18826: 18794: 18786: 18690: 17992: 17819: 17729: 17724: 17655:

Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)

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In 2015, Jackson was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor Honoris Causa from the

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to the fight against slavery and the anti-miscegenation laws that once prevented

1894: 1844: 1798: 1635: 1401: 1118: 1089: 1035: 1031: 923: 833: 748: 713: 588: 576: 330: 187: 12508: 12387: 11906: 10317:"Jesse Jackson launches effort to register 100,000 new voters in South Carolina" 6030:"MONDALE WINS JERSEY RACE BY WIDE MARGIN OVER HART; CALIFORNIA VOTERS ARE SPLIT" 5660:"HART SCORES UPSET WITH 41% IN NEW HAMPSHIRE PRIMARY; MONDALE AT 29%, GLENN 13%" 1228: 906:

and indigenous communities. In 2013, Jackson attended Chávez's funeral. He told

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In August 2010, Jackson participated in the "Jobs, Justice and Peace" march in

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On September 1, 2003, Jackson was among those arrested for blocking traffic at

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In Such Good Company: Eleven Years of Laughter, Mayhem, and Fun in the Sandbox

13416: 12785: 12446: 11509:"B.B. King, Rev. Jesse Jackson pay tribute to Blues legend Bobby 'Blue' Bland" 10361:"Rev. Jesse Jackson says Biden was on 'the wrong side of history' with busing" 9415:"Jackson, Civil Rights Leaders Call For Arrest Of Man Who Shot Trayvon Martin" 8603:"THE 2000 ELECTION: PROTESTERS; Jesse Jackson Demands Inquiry on Florida Vote" 3929: 3656:

term for Jews. He had mistakenly assumed the references would not be printed.

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for announcing a review of police conduct and policies and criticized Senator

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credited by some with opening the door to Obama's victory a generation later.

11079: 10703:"Rev. Jesse Jackson calls for nationwide protests after George Floyd's death" 10433: 10017:"Rev. Jesse Jackson calls for 'defiance, determination' in Louisville sermon" 8188: 6210:"The Democratic National Convention, approving its 1984 platform, Tuesday..." 5978: 4609:

Miller, Sabrina L.; E.A. Torriero; Ray Gibson; Monica Davey (April 8, 2001).

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Jackson speaks on a radio broadcast from the headquarters of Operation PUSH (

9685:"Dylann Roof found guilty on all counts in Charleston church massacre trial" 9007:"The Rev. Jesse Jackson Sr.'s Remarks to the Democratic National Convention" 6442:"The Democratic executive committee, rejecting demands by Jesse Jackson,..." 1113:

a woman or visible minority, Jackson criticized the screening process as a "

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In 2022, Jackson received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from

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In March 2006 an African-American woman accused three white members of the

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from being reelected, including campaigning for his Republican challenger.

1190: 1163: 1041:. Jackson entered the race after most prominent Democrats, such as Senator 907: 837: 808: 724: 684: 361: 303: 269: 103: 36: 12285:

Selk, Avi; Craig, Tim; Boburg, Shawn; Ba Tran, Andrew (October 28, 2018).

12073: 10746:"Derek Chauvin convicted of murder, manslaughter in death of George Floyd" 10262:"Jesse Jackson urges Trump to pardon former Illinois Gov. Rod Blagojevich" 10160:

Sanchez, Ray; Young, Ryan; Kirkos, Bill; Parks, Brad (February 20, 2019).

9895:"There's a lot of reaching out to do. I pray Trump's arms are long enough" 9529:"Jesse Jackson visits Marissa Alexander, discusses case with Angela Corey" 9500:"Zimmerman blames Obama for racial tensions after Trayvon Martin shooting" 9161: 9027:"The 2004 CAMPAIGN: THE NOMINEE; Kerry as the Boss: Always More Questions" 8546:"Bush, Gore kick off fall campaign season with appeal to working families" 4924:"Crisis in the Balkans: Prisoners; Serbs Release 3 Captured U.S. Soldiers" 3354:

named Jackson to its "100 most influential black Americans" list in 1971.

1970:. He favored federal legislation extending marriage rights to gay people. 326:. Exceeding expectations once again, Jackson finished as the runner-up to 20809: 20748: 20677: 20628: 20505: 20493: 20390: 20352: 20340: 20259: 19953: 19945: 19937: 19861: 19788: 19784: 19466: 19362: 19094: 19070: 18990: 18549: 17719: 17704: 17552: 17515: 17354: 17309: 17294: 17059: 17054: 16901: 16456: 16426: 16053: 16017: 15958: 15953: 15913: 15863: 15798: 15793: 15703: 15653: 15583: 15578: 15518: 15503: 15353: 15348: 15213: 15093: 15063: 15003: 14968: 14229: 13902: 13713: 13528: 13327: 13187: 13142: 9504: 7005:"AFTER SUPER TUESDAY; DEMOCRATS THINK TUESDAY'S RESULTS MEAN A LONG RACE" 6914:"The seven Democratic presidential candidates attacked one another on..." 6640:"Democratic presidential candidate Jesse Jackson decided to cut short..." 4608: 4251:

Black Maverick: T.R.M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power

3626: 3552: 3540: 3440: 2367: 2062: 2054: 1987: 1911: 1774:." The White House advised against the visit, reiterating its commitment 1771: 1615: 1607: 1388: 1271:

Jackson's campaign platform included a call for a single-payer system of

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Jackson surrounded by marchers carrying signs advocating support for the

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Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording

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Two candidates who won the highest number of vote take two shadow seats.

10627:"Rev. Jesse Jackson marches for justice for Breonna Taylor, Jacob Blake" 9839:"Jesse Jackson: Black voters have 'everything to lose' voting for Trump" 9726:"In Charleston Funerals, Remembering Victims of Hate as Symbols of Love" 8897:"Lawsuit seeks to bar Jesse Jackson from speaking for African-Americans" 5110: 4328:"Operation Breadbasket Is Seeking Racial Solutions in Economic Problems" 3642:

as "Hymies" and New York City as "Hymietown" in 1984 remarks to a black

3498:(born 1944) on December 31, 1962, and together they have five children: 2346:

In July 2023, Jackson announced his plans to step down as the leader of

1551:, Clinton was "petrified about a primary challenge from" Jackson in the 648: 20638: 20596: 20209: 19754: 19663: 19338: 19306: 19266: 19170: 19150: 19118: 19098: 19086: 18738: 17254: 17239: 17209: 17204: 16953: 16921: 16760: 16728: 16080: 15738: 15668: 15638: 15508: 15483: 15428: 15328: 14943: 14913: 14009: 13873: 13852: 13657: 13492: 13164: 13132: 12974: 12474: 12198: 9941:"Rev. Jesse Jackson visits Orlando church, discusses voter suppression" 9358:"Jesse Jackson, UAW hustle votes for Democrats at Detroit "jobs" march" 7913:"Barry Arrested on Cocaine Charges in Undercover FBI, Police Operation" 3653: 3560: 2785: 2620: 2441: 2354:

in 2017 and was hospitalized twice in 2021, after testing positive for

2321: 2202: 2144: 1825: 1628: 1589: 1355: 1214: 911: 841: 769: 717: 17590:

Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)

12088:"Elder: Aretha's funeral revealed the black community's No. 1 problem" 11941:"Rev. Jesse Jackson Offers Spirited Words at Kennedy School Class Day" 10670:"Derek Chauvin trial: Why white people need to watch, confront racism" 8527:"Rev. Jesse L. Jackson's Speech to the Democratic National Convention" 8261:"RACE FOR CITY HALL: THE RUNOFF; Jesse Jackson Campaigns for Sharpton" 5681:"Jesse Jackson, campaigning for the March 17 Mississippi caucuses,..." 3763:

Stanford: The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute

20742: 20707: 20364: 20038: 19716: 17868: 17714: 17219: 17003: 16941: 16836: 16058: 15528: 15513: 13679: 13640: 13523: 12979: 12483: 12318:

Gardner, Timothy; Mason, Jeff; Brunnstrom, David (October 27, 2018).

12266: 12247: 10674: 10347:"Rev. Jesse Jackson, other civil rights leaders tout Conyers' legacy" 7853:"Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, 597 U. S. ____ (2022)" 3665: 3436: 2925: 2886: 2735: 2633: 2564: 2411: 2279: 2066: 1814: 1516: 1312: 1042: 891: 478: 319: 48: 16515: 12169: 11727:

Andes, Natalie; Silverman, Hollie; Elassar, Alaa (August 22, 2021).

11527:"Jesse Jackson: Elijah Cummings was a man of dignity and discipline" 10248:"Jesse Jackson: President Trump must stop attacking Rep. Ilhan Omar" 10135:"Jussie Smollett Faces Felony Charge, Accused of Faking Own Assault" 10116:"Jesse Jackson: 'Hate and violence are raining down on our country'" 8172:"THE DECLINE OF JESSE JACKSON . . . . . . AND THE RISE OF RON BROWN" 5312:"N.A.A.C.P., EYE ON '84, TO FOCUS ON BLACK VOTER DRIVE IN THE NORTH" 5264:"Jesse Jackson tugs at traditional political loyalty of L.A. blacks" 1671:

In March 1999, Jackson announced he would not be a candidate in the

708:

In 1983 Jackson and Operation PUSH led a boycott against beer giant

506: 20695: 20263: 20127: 19354: 18341: 18336: 17846: 15418: 13777: 13503: 13078: 11648:"Mother wants Jesse Jackson to 'be a father' to illegitimate child" 10722: 10188:"Before Jussie Smollett Sentencing, His Supporters Ask for 'Mercy'" 9858: 9574:"Michael Brown is killed by a police officer in Ferguson, Missouri" 9390:"Rev. Jesse Jackson likens gay marriage push to fight over slavery" 9218: 7700:"Robinson To Spend Life In Prison For Drug, Conspiracy Convictions" 7304:"Personality Spotlight: Albert Gore Jr. U.S. senator, ex-candidate" 4453: 3587: 2355: 1767: 1734: 1638:

became public, and his lying under oath about the affair led to an

1564: 1412: 1383: 1324:, but that either alone would lose to Bush. Dukakis picked Senator 1175: 1068:

In January, Jackson participated in the first Democratic debate in

954: 849: 815: 461: 402: 391: 257: 20562: 17605:

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

8134:"THE 1992 CAMPAIGN; Jackson Meets Clinton but Doesn't Endorse Him" 7122:"JACKSON WINS EASILY IN MICHIGAN IN SURPRISING SETBACK TO DUKAKIS" 6189:"EXCERPTS FROM JACKSON TO CONVENTION DELEGATES FOR UNITY IN PARTY" 6109:"MONDALE AND JACKSON ARE UPBEAT AFTER MEETING DESPITE DIFFERENCES" 5151:"FIERY JESSE JACKSON ATTRACTING POLITICIANS' PRAISE AND CRITICISM" 5133:"Jesse Jackson Preaches a New Politics to the Alabama Legislature" 3431:(no relation). In August 2009, he was crowned Prince Côte Nana by 1015:

in the 1984 election, becoming the second African American (after

336:

Jackson never sought the presidency again, but was elected to the

20772: 20291: 16958: 16007: 13667: 12492: 10597:"Jesse Jackson: Americans looking for bold leadership from Biden" 10332:"Rev. Jesse Jackson drops in at Paine to push voter registration" 5593:"Walter Mondale, shifting his campaign to New Hampshire after..." 3457:, France's highest order of merit, presented by French president 2696: 1762: 1688: 1307: 1062: 991:

In May 1983, Jackson became the first African-American man since

374:

from 1992 to 2000. He has been a critic of police brutality, the

12656: 11240:"Jesse Jackson receives University of Edinburgh honorary degree" 10421:"Bernie Sanders Drops Out of 2020 Democratic Race for President" 9656:"Rev. Jackson calls for federal grand jury in Ferguson shooting" 6338:"INAUGURATION '85. Reaganites kick up their cowboy-booted heels" 5959:"BLACK DEMOCRATS IN A POLL PREFER MONDALE TO JACKSON AS NOMINEE" 5884:"Mondale, Hart Clash Over Latin Policies, Harshness of Rhetoric" 5354:"Jesse Jackson said Thursday his unorthodox campaign for the..." 5089:"International Peace Foundation - Previous speakers and artists" 5009:"Jesse Jackson Praises Hugo Chavez as 'Great Leader' at Funeral" 4254:. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press. pp. 206–216. 3413:

In 2008, Jackson was presented with an Honorary Fellowship from

1902:. In the moments before Obama spoke, Jackson was seen in tears. 583:

disputed. In the wake of King's death, Jackson worked on SCLC's

17792: 16075: 12487: 12320:"Trump says Pittsburgh shooting has little to do with gun laws" 10861:"Biden, in Selma, Says Voting Rights Are Still 'Under Assault'" 10817:"Jesse Jackson among voting rights protesters arrested in D.C." 10553:"Biden's 306 Electoral College Votes Make His Victory Official" 10067: 9825:"Jesse Jackson: Trump's rhetoric 'helped to seed these clouds'" 9616:"Jesse Jackson joins protests as hundreds turn out in Ferguson" 8054:"As Bush Hails Progress by Blacks, Veto Is Seen on Rights Bill" 7633:"Michael Dukakis told the loyal supporters of Jesse Jackson..." 7358:"Dukakis Wins Narrow Victory Over Jackson in Colorado Caucuses" 7164:"Campaign in New York Beginning As Party Weighs Jackson's Role" 5749:"CAMPAIGN NOTES; Jackson Wins DelegatesIn South Carolina Tally" 5531:"Time to Pay Attention to the Content of What Jackson's Saying" 4293:"Jackson Quits Post at S.C.L.C. In Policy Split With Abernathy" 2045:

In January 2015, Jackson participated in a panel discussion at

1886: 1867: 1761:, Jackson said on September 26 that he had been invited by the 1600: 1519:

reported that Jackson had told him that he would not enter the

1386:

views. Less than a month after the 1973 Supreme Court decision

743: 16:

American Baptist minister, activist, and politician (born 1941)

20924:

American people who self-identify as being of Cherokee descent

20904:

African-American candidates for President of the United States

20336:

The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents Earth (The Audiobook)

19636:

Edward R. Murrow - A Reporter Remembers, Vol. I: The War Years

11761:"Civil rights leader Jesse Jackson hospitalised with COVID-19" 10053: 9811:"Trump: Dallas shootings have 'shaken the soul of our nation'" 9187:"Jesse Jackson: Obama needs to bring more attention to Jena 6" 8692:"Jesse Jackson plans demonstration to protest Bush presidency" 7949:"Jackson Rules Out Mayor's Race In Washington, Associates Say" 6601:"Poll Shows Jackson and Bush Holding Solid Leads in the South" 1117:

parade of personalities". He also mocked Mondale, saying that

20766: 17604: 14810: 12466:

Interview with Jesse Jackson About South African-US Relations

12006:"Jesse Jackson enabled new generation to serve, says Brazile" 11260:"France honours Rev. Jesse Jackson with the Legion d'Honneur" 10580:"Biden's vow of Black justice a nod to his most loyal voters" 10459:

Krieg, Gregory; Nobles, Ryan; Grayer, Annie (April 8, 2020).

9985:"Jesse Jackson Blasts Trump, Envisions Progressive Coalition" 9765:"Jesse Jackson not planning to endorse in Democratic primary" 8851:"Jesse Jackson won't be going to Afghanistan to meet Taliban" 7672:"Jackson's Half-brother Probed In Killing Of Former Employee" 5608:"Democratic Candidates Crowd Main Street of Manchester, N.H." 5278:"Coretta Scott King said today black leader Jesse Jackson..." 4790:"Jesse Jackson reunites with hostage he rescued 19 years ago" 3450:, in recognition of decades of campaigning for civil rights. 3365: 1397: 1393: 826: 792:

to secure the release of a captured American pilot, Navy Lt.

789: 12413:, with Frank E. Watkins, New York: Welcome Rain Publishers, 11874:"Civil rights icon Rev. Jesse Jackson visits South Carolina" 11591:"Operation PUSH documents financial ties with Jackson lover" 11474:"Bernie Sanders meets with 'long-time friend' Jesse Jackson" 11068:"N.A.A.C.P., Long at Odds With Jackson, Is Giving Him Award" 10879: 10744:

Xiong, Chao; Walsh, Paul; Olson, Rochelle (April 20, 2021).

9670:"Rev. Jesse Jackson to East Palo Alto: Fight gentrification" 9317:"Rev. Jesse Jackson slams Artur Davis over health care vote" 7614:"DUKAKIS-JACKSON TALK USHERS IN HARMONY AS CONVENTION OPENS" 5410:"JACKSON GETS SUPPORT, APPARENTLY WITHOUT POLL OF THE GROUP" 3510:(1966), Yusef DuBois (1970), and Jacqueline Lavinia (1975). 3464:

In December 2021, Jackson was elected an Honorary Fellow of

1958:

In 2012, Jackson commended Obama's 2012 decision to support

1873:

In March 2007 Jackson declared his support for then-Senator

1730:

The 2000 recount was not the last time Jackson clashed with

1543:

Jackson was initially critical of Bill Clinton's moderate, "

852:

to negotiate the release of three U.S. POWs captured on the

21014:

United States shadow senators from the District of Columbia

17649: 12696:

United States shadow senators from the District of Columbia

12627:

U.S. Shadow Senator (Class 2) from the District of Columbia

7884: 7319:"Koch Offers 'Regret' About Tone of His Attacks on Jackson" 4094:

100 Greatest African Americans: A Biographical Encyclopedia

3639: 2168:

In January 2018, Jackson delivered a sermon at a church in

1862:

in November 2006. Richards called Jackson a few days after

876: 804: 639: 427:

Jackson (center) with members of the Student Government at

20939:

Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election

20934:

Candidates in the 1984 United States presidential election

20490:

Carry On: Reflections for a New Generation from John Lewis

13746: 13019: 10221:"Leave the US, Trump tells liberal congresswomen of color" 8939:"Jesse Jackson And 18 Others Are Arrested In Yale Protest" 7221:"Mayor Edward Koch launched his harshest attack yet on..." 7103:"JACKSON TRIUMPHS WITH LANDSLIDE OVER DUKAKIS IN MICHIGAN" 6372:"The Rev. Jesse Jackson, saying the nation needed more..." 6242:"DEMOCRATS' CONCERNS ABOUT ROLE OF JACKSON APPEAR TO FADE" 5645:"Sen. Gary Hart, confident of a second-place finish in..." 5464:"Mondale Wins Endorsement of NOW, Black Alabama Democrats" 5336:"Jesse Jackson Gains Endorsement From an Atlanta Namesake" 3361:

for Greatest Public Service Benefiting the Disadvantaged.

1854:

Jackson took a key role in the scandal caused by comedian

1411:, which bars the funding of abortions through the federal 1146: 1080:, which Mondale won. Jackson took part in the February 24 206:

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

20374:

America Again: Re-becoming the Greatness We Never Weren't

12548: 12024:"Herb Benham: Jesse Jackson's actions smack of hypocrisy" 11733: 11431: 10886: 10165: 10061:"Chicago Police Department Original Case Incident Report" 10039: 9852:

Goldmacher, Shane; Schreckinger, Ben (November 9, 2016).

9788: 9544:"Florida woman in 'warning shot' case released from jail" 9330:

Artur Davis' loss in Alabama's black precincts 'stunning'

9115: 8783: 8414:"7 Students Charged in a Brawl That Divides Decatur, Ill" 8073:"JACKSON TO FORGO PRESIDENTIAL RACE IN '92, ADVISER SAYS" 7255:"CAMPAIGN'S LEGACY TO GORE EXPERIENCE AND HARD FEELINGS?" 5850:

Beck, Melinda (April 16, 1984). "Keeping 'Em Corralled".

4897: 4705:"Civil rights leader's killer executed in electric chair" 3586:. In August 2021, he and his wife were hospitalized with 3521:, he was largely responsible for launching the career of 1496:

but declined the opportunity in favor of helping his son

1169:

In June 1986, Jackson delivered a commencement speech at

371: 21024:

Recipients of the Order of the Companions of O. R. Tambo

10905:"Jesse Jackson to step down from his civil rights group" 9971:"Rev. Jesse Jackson slams Trump, encourages NFL boycott" 9706:"Dylann Roof Found Guilty in Charleston Church Massacre" 9629:

Basu, Moni; Yan, Holly; Ford, Dana (November 25, 2014).

8572:"Transcript: Gore remarks on Florida vote certification" 6893:"TV VIEW; In the Debates, Appearance Conquers Substance" 5770:"Jesse Jackson candidate with most South Carolina votes" 5059:"Operation Black Vote - Jesse Jackson tour kick starts!" 1889:

beating case. On July 6, 2008, during an interview with

1580:

United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

1492:

In the mid-1990s Jackson was approached about being the

1011:

On November 3, 1983, Jackson announced his campaign for

16260:

Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam

16038:"Woke Up This Morning (With My Mind Stayed On Freedom)" 11302: 10847:"Jesse Jackson On President Biden's State Of The Union" 10159: 9927:"Jesse Jackson urges Latinos to unite and battle Trump" 9297:. Worldtelevisionstudios.blogspot.com. November 5, 2008 8094:"Jackson Says He Won't Run But Seeks to Keep Coalition" 7047:"JACKSON WINS WITH MAJORITY IN SOUTH CAROLINA CAUCUSES" 6712:"Jackson Offers Budget Plan As Blueprint for Democrats" 16284:

African American founding fathers of the United States

14637:

Chicago Freedom Movement/Chicago open housing movement

14502:

John F. Kennedy's speech to the nation on Civil Rights

12366:"Civil rights activist Jesse Jackson endorses Sanders" 12317: 12284: 11670:"Rev. Jesse Jackson hospitalized due to stomach pains" 11303:

Purnick, Joyce; Oreskes, Michael (November 29, 1987).

10506:"Jesse Jackson: Blacks won't fall for Trump's big con" 10373: 9851: 8513:"Transcript of Rev. Jesse Jackson's Convention Speech" 7669: 7593:"JACKSON SUGGESTS CARTER MIGHT HEAL RIFT WITH DUKAKIS" 7338:"Dukakis Wins in Colorado; Jackson Faults Tally Delay" 5785:"JACKSON WINNER IN CAPITAL FOR FIRST CLEARCUT VICTORY" 3896:

Purnick, Joyce; Oreskes, Michael (November 29, 1987).

3633: 3372:, and the next year, the organization awarded him the 2153:

Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity

1820:

In February 2004, Jackson delivered an address at the

20874:

21st-century Baptist ministers from the United States

20869:

20th-century Baptist ministers from the United States

14109: 11726: 10716:

McCaskill, Nolan D.; Forgey, Quint (April 20, 2021).

10401:"Sanders taps Rev. Jesse Jackson as campaign advisor" 10376:"Jesse Jackson endorses Bernie Sanders for president" 10036:

star Jussie Smollett attacked in possible hate crime"

8960:"Rev. Jesse Jackson Arrested During Anti-Gun Protest" 8817:

Gillan, Audrey; McCarthy, Rory (September 27, 2001).

8293:"JESSE JACKSON, OTHERS CRITICIZE GIULIANI'S RESPONSE" 7748:"Jackson is seen as winning a solid place in history" 6654:"CHICAGO MAYOR WASHINGTON SUFFERS FATAL HEART ATTACK" 6224:"Jackson Promises Mondale 'Intense' Election Support" 6169:"JACKSON DELIVERS IMPASSIONED PLEA FOR UNIFIED PARTY" 5696:"Mondale and Hart battle to wire in New York primary" 5626:"Democrats Vie for Position In Calm, Mannerly Debate" 5550:"CANDIDATES FACING FIRST MAJOR TEST IN IOWA CAUCUSES" 1159:"a rainbow coalition for economic justice". In June, 516:) at its annual convention. July 1973. Photograph by 11455:"Ted Kennedy gave us strength to achieve our dreams" 10219:

LeMire, Jonathan; Woodward, Calvin (July 14, 2019).

9541: 9485:"Jesse Jackson: 'I Do Not Accept' Zimmerman Verdict" 9291:"Jesse Jackson Breaks Down In Tears After Obama Win" 7433:"With Race Largely Over, Jackson Lets Up Only a Bit" 6090:"Jackson Says He Can't 'Cut a Deal' for Party Unity" 5369:"HART ENTERS PRESIDENTIAL RACE, STRESSING NEW IDEAS" 4096:. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. p. 168. 3594:

facility while his wife had been transferred to the

3397:, the nation's highest honor bestowed on civilians. 3385:

James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service

2220:, Jackson delivered food to activists occupying the 1570:

On August 29, 1993, Jackson joined gatherers at the

1345:

questions about Robinson, who was often called "the

1019:) to mount a nationwide campaign for president as a 591:, King's successor as chairman of the SCLC. In 1969 20172:, Rick Harris, and John Runnette (producers) (2000) 19934:

Interviews from the Class of '55 Recording Sessions

19888:– Tom Voegeli (producer) and Various Artists (1982) 16332:

Emmett Till and Mamie Till-Mobley National Monument

12410:

A More Perfect Union: Advancing New American Rights

10718:"Derek Chauvin convicted of murdering George Floyd" 10484:"Bernie Sanders drops out of the presidential race" 9372:"How Al Sharpton Became Obama's Go-To Black Leader" 7373:"Dukakis Defeats Jackson Handily in Wisconsin Vote" 6752:"IN WATTS, JACKSON FOCUSES ON DRUG PROBLEM'S ROOTS" 5729:"HART AND MONDALE CLASH REPEATEDLY IN SIXTH DEBATE" 4832:. Episode 1415. Boston. April 30, 1996. PBS. WGBH. 4628:Harris, Melissa; Ameet Sachdev (November 3, 2013). 4627: 2315:

withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan

2113:released a video condemning the police killings of 1698:Gore faced Bush in the general election, where the 901:, following controversial remarks by televangelist 776:, a black man convicted of killing Z. L. Riley, an 19928:(producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1985) 19731:(producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1972) 12170:Larry J. Sabato's Feeding Frenzy (July 21, 1998). 12144:"Jesse Jackson came up short -- but don't we all?" 11703:"Jesse Jackson diagnosed with Parkinson's disease" 10419: 9999:"Jesse Jackson: How Dr. King Lived Is Why He Died" 9683:Waters, Dustin; Berman, Mark (December 15, 2016). 8734:"Terri Schiavo's mom pleads: 'Give my child back'" 8232:"Rapper Tupac Shakur Dies After Drive-by Shooting" 7394:"Dukakis and Jackson on Agreeable Terms in Debate" 7143:"JACKSON TRIUMPH CHANGES OUTLOOK OF TOP DEMOCRATS" 4962:"Jesse Jackson to attend Filipino awards ceremony" 1634:In 1998, Clinton's affair with White House intern 20515:The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times 19820:Citizen Kane (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) 19584:The Story-Teller: A Session with Charles Laughton 12470:Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives 11640: 11296: 11129: 10788:"President Biden gets America's priorities right" 10458: 9283: 8452:"Jesse Jackson Will Skip 2000 Race, Advisers Say" 7839:"Jesse Jackson: Peace is the presence of justice" 7670:Gibson, Ray; Possley, Maurice (October 4, 1987). 6550:"Jackson Makes Formal Bid for Presidency in 1988" 6427:"The Rev. Jesse Jackson and the chairman of a..." 5183: 4177:. Findarticles.com. June 19, 2000. Archived from 4064:"University says Jackson records show no blemish" 3393:In August 2000, Bill Clinton awarded Jackson the 1430:After the leak of the draft decision to overturn 1404:, a Black physician who performed the procedure. 545: 360:administrations. Initially a critic of President 20989:Players of American football from South Carolina 20835: 17640:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 14868:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 12207:. New York, New York: Basic Books. p. 273. 11922:"Jackson tops orator 'report card'; Hart flunks" 10880:Raja Razek; Ashley R. Williams (July 14, 2023). 10546: 9704:Sack, Kevin; Blinder, Alan (December 15, 2016). 9383: 9381: 7878:Breuninger, Kevin; Mangan, Dan (June 24, 2022). 7877: 7808:"Reprint of a Washington Post article from 1988" 7776: 7559:"Dukakis plays it safe with veep choice Bentsen" 7364: 5512:"8 DEMOCRATS ARE ENTICED INTO A NO-RULES DEBATE" 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 3528:On Memorial Day, May 25, 1987, Jesse was made a 3453:In 2021, Jackson was appointed Commander of the 20165:The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography 17685:Black players in professional American football 17635:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 14858:Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 14791:Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights 14682:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County 11583: 10743: 10715: 9854:"Trump pulls off biggest upset in U.S. history" 9103: 7996:"Behind-the-scenes role for a 'shadow senator'" 6770:"Jackson Carries Words of Hope to Mean Streets" 6673:"Jackson Calls for a National Health Care Plan" 6387:"Jackson Urges City Teens To 'Say No to Drugs'" 6069:"MONDALE TO CALL HIS TWO RIVALS FOR NOMINATION" 4087: 4085: 4039:"The man who would be King in the Sports Arena" 3839:"Noah L. Robinson, 88, Father of Jesse Jackson" 3793:Jesse: The Life and Pilgrimage of Jesse Jackson 3753: 3751: 3749: 3425:High Prince of the Agni people of Côte d'Ivoire 2305:, Jackson traveled to Minnesota and called for 1667:Jackson outside the Florida Supreme Court, 2000 1419:News report, Jackson argued that the basis for 20974:North Carolina A&T State University alumni 20969:North Carolina A&T Aggies football players 19857:Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein 16337:Medgar and Myrlie Evers Home National Monument 12253: 11609: 11093: 10926: 10924: 10922: 10920: 10345:Brand-Williams, Oralandar (November 3, 2019). 10344: 10218: 9588:"Jesse Jackson: There's a 'Ferguson' near you" 9237:"Jackson apologizes for 'crude' Obama remarks" 9231: 9229: 8816: 8405: 8246:"EDITORIAL -- Another Clear Warning for Tupac" 4248:Beito, David T.; Beito, Linda Royster (2009). 3895: 1706:. On November 10, Jackson attended a rally in 1061:, the largest black political organization in 772:asking him to halt the scheduled execution of 20548: 20247:Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis 19494: 18565: 16531: 16245:List of lynching victims in the United States 14583:Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States 14095: 13402: 12771: 12680: 12191: 11847:. Christian Science Monitor. October 9, 1987. 11559:"NNPA honors Maxine Waters and other leaders" 11017:. Jefferson Awards Foundation. Archived from 10899: 10897: 10551:; Paz, Isabella Grullón (December 14, 2020). 9378: 8543: 7970:"Jackson to Run For Lobby Post In Washington" 7722: 7720: 6694:"JACKSON PROGRAM GIVES BUDGET DEBATE A SHOVE" 6569:"JACKSON OPENS '88 BID ATOP DEMOCRATIC POLLS" 6479:"Jackson Forms a Panel To Explore a 1988 Bid" 5806:"JACKSON TAKES LOUISIANA VOTE IN LOW TURNOUT" 4310: 2252:(right) at a Democratic fundraising event in 2147:. When he visited St. John Baptist Church in 1623:, who lost the general election to incumbent 1457: 1201: 1076:campaigned prolifically in Iowa ahead of the 972: 21009:Sportspeople from Greenville, South Carolina 19885:Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Movie on Record 17398:Historically black colleges and universities 12657:Articles and topics related to Jesse Jackson 12038:"Obama neuters Jesse Jackson's race baiting" 11988:"What kind of loser will Bernie Sanders be?" 10153: 9682: 9153: 9139:"Black leaders: End N-word in entertainment" 9072: 8470:"Jackson attacks Bush on hate-crimes record" 7731:Shakedown: Exposing the Jesse Jackson Racket 7697: 7573:"Comments From Dukakis, Bentsen and Jackson" 7065:"BUSH AND JACKSON WIN IN PUERTO RICO VOTING" 5293:"Jesse Jackson Why the Chorus Of Naysayers?" 4754: 4630:"Yusef Jackson: Beer boundaries didn't work" 4547:"Operation PUSH Clearing Debts, Leader Says" 4082: 3820:, University of Oklahoma Press (2012), p. 75 3746: 2381:1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries 2262:2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries 1879:2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries 1521:1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries 933:In 2005 Jackson was enlisted as part of the 818:, Jackson made a trip to Iraq to plead with 20999:Politicians from Greenville, South Carolina 20879:Activists for African-American civil rights 20141:The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. 14712:Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights 12236:A White House campaign funded by ... Libya? 12228: 12172:"Jesse Jackson's 'Hymietown' Remark – 1984" 11909:. Christian Science Monitor. April 7, 1988. 11577:"Rev. Jackson: I'll Remember Michael's Joy" 11252: 10917: 10873: 10520:"Presidential Election Results: Biden Wins" 10508:. Tribune Content Agency. October 26, 2020. 10023: 9703: 9628: 9226: 9062:"Democrats, Jackson fined $ 200,000 by FEC" 8484:"Jesse Jackson endorses Gore for president" 7741: 7739: 7517:"Dukakis-Jackson Bid Beats Bush, Poll Says" 7271: 6302:"Black vote decisive in state, local races" 5941:"Jackson Drive Puts Blacks 'Back in Touch'" 5430:"Jackson Gets Backing Of Black Church Head" 4540: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 1574:to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the 381: 20555: 20541: 19501: 19487: 18579: 18572: 18558: 16538: 16524: 14761:Council for United Civil Rights Leadership 14102: 14088: 13409: 13395: 12778: 12764: 12687: 12673: 11041:"NAACP Honors Jesse Jackson, Eddie Murphy" 10894: 10374:Annie Grayer; Devan Cole (March 8, 2020). 10126: 9622: 8993:"Jesse Jackson vows to 'get out the vote'" 8497:McCaleb, Ian Christopher (March 9, 2000). 8273: 8182: 7910: 7784:"Christians Join Bishop's Ban on Abortion" 7717: 7443: 6963: 6926: 6456:"Can Democrats Live With Jesse Jackson..." 6369: 6317:"FOR VISITORS, FUN, POLITICS AND PROTESTS" 5923:"Blacks for Mondale Face 'Jackson Factor'" 5238:"In Black America; Reverend Jesse Jackson" 5111:"2009-04-23: Bridges - Rev. Jesse Jackson" 5051: 4816: 4247: 4155:. Dubuque, Iowa. June 1, 2000. p. 10A 2059:Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church 1847:men's lacrosse team of raping her. During 1595:In September 1996, Jackson visited rapper 81:January 3, 1991 – January 3, 1997 47: 20984:Players of American football from Chicago 20894:20th-century African-American politicians 17615:National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC) 16317:Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument 12348: 12072:. NBC News. July 16, 2013. Archived from 11135: 10814: 10625:Reinwald, Caroline (September 24, 2020). 10212: 9542:Susan Cooper Eastman (January 27, 2015). 9211: 9131: 9111:"Sharpton: Comedian's apology not enough" 8951: 8666:"Vice President Al Gore delivers remarks" 8230:Dearmond, Michelle (September 13, 1996). 8213:"King's Speech Commemerated by Thousands" 8020: 8018: 7745: 7658: 7391: 7335: 7140: 7119: 6911: 6617: 6547: 6531:"4 DEMOCRATS ENDORSE BLACK CAUCUS AGENDA" 6353:"Jackson, Supporters Stage Protest March" 5509: 5446: 5290: 5021: 4917: 4915: 4881: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4493: 4468:"Politics: In Search of a Black Strategy" 4141: 4139: 4116: 3954: 3924: 3922: 3920: 3344: 1881:. He later criticized Obama in 2007 for " 1870:" throughout the entertainment industry. 979:Jesse Jackson presidential campaign, 1984 783: 536:Hawkins-Humphrey Bill for full employment 348:, for which he would serve one term as a 21004:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients 16352:King Center for Nonviolent Social Change 14392:University of Georgia desegregation riot 13423:1988 United States presidential election 12792:1984 United States presidential election 12392:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 12165: 12163: 12161: 11957: 11861:. The Harvard Crimson. November 9, 1987. 11332:"Voices & Viewpoints: Jesse Jackson" 11178: 10667: 10624: 10029: 9784:"Jesse Jackson endorses Hillary Clinton" 9602:"Rev. Jackson: Like a 'state execution'" 9442: 9255: 9205: 9159: 8760:"Jesse Jackson urges Schiavo be revived" 8726: 8720:"Jesse Jackson fights felon voter purge" 8706:"Jackson blasts Bush's pick to head DCF" 8663: 8641:. CNN. December 13, 2000. Archived from 8600: 8578:. CNN. November 27, 2000. Archived from 8499:"Bradley, McCain bow out of party races" 8259:Holloway, Lynette (September 14, 1997). 8258: 8229: 8110: 7800: 7736: 7646:Edsall, Thomas B. (September 25, 1988). 7464:"JACKSON AWAITS '2ND PHASE' OF CAMPAIGN" 6929:"Dole Wins in Iowa, With Robertson Next" 6850: 6670: 6548:Rosenbaum, David E. (October 11, 1987). 6207: 6130:"MONDALE SAYS HE WON'T RUN WITH JACKSON" 6106: 6066: 5977: 5866:"Black Voters Back Jackson, Aid Mondale" 5782: 5693: 5571: 5198: 4944:"Anti-war march: what the speakers said" 4840: 4781: 4724: 4677:"Jackson Asks Graham To Stop Executions" 4675:Crowley, Brian E. (September 19, 1984). 4529: 4414: 4412: 4353: 4351: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 4226: 3836: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3826: 3638:Jackson was criticized for referring to 3482: 2941:Shadow Senator from District of Columbia 2243: 2084: 2008: 1929: 1804: 1662: 1576:March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom 1494:United States Ambassador to South Africa 1466: 1364: 1255:Speaker of the California State Assembly 1227: 1208:Jesse Jackson 1988 presidential campaign 1189:, Jackson led an effort to get Chairman 982: 678: 640:Operation PUSH and the Rainbow Coalition 564:Southern Christian Leadership Conference 496: 422: 364:, he became a supporter. Jackson hosted 310:and launched a presidential campaign in 21029:Left-wing populism in the United States 20349:If You Ask Me (And of Course You Won't) 20198:and Charles B. Potter (producer) (2002) 16266:Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence 16003:"If You Miss Me at the Back of the Bus" 15998:"Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round" 12553:American Archive of Public Broadcasting 12363: 11886: 11792:Jones, Zoe Christen (August 28, 2021). 11524: 11452: 11324: 11305:"Jesse Jackson Aims for the Mainstream" 11065: 10844: 10785: 9744: 9460:"Jury Acquits Zimmerman of All Charges" 9332:. Blog.al.com. Retrieved on 2012-07-03. 9179: 9081:"Prosecutors Drop Charges in Duke Case" 8909: 8496: 8433:"Jesse Jackson Won't Run for President" 8411: 7987: 7961: 7911:LaFraniere, Sharon (January 19, 1990). 7836: 7023: 6964:Dionne Jr., E. J. (February 17, 1988). 6618:Wilkerson, Isabel (November 14, 1987). 6514: 6498:"JACKSON RUNNING A MAINSTREAM CAMPAIGN" 6439: 6406:"JACKSON, TO CLASS, TELLS OF INJUSTICE" 6335: 6299: 5903:"STANDING OF JACKSON INCREASES IN POLL" 5679:Quinn, Matthew C. (February 29, 1984). 5291:Raspberry, William (November 4, 1983). 5242:American Archive of Public Broadcasting 5217: 4760: 4674: 4611:"Jackson Contacts Cultivated Beer Deal" 4544: 4359:"Rev. Jesse Jackson Chief B-CC Speaker" 4167: 4123:Contemporary Black Biography, Volume 27 4056: 4032: 4030: 4028: 3898:"Jesse Jackson Aims for the Mainstream" 3891: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3726:" - a poem popularized by Jesse Jackson 3578:In September 2008, Jackson entered the 2093:convention in Chicago in September 2016 2061:, Jackson and Sharpton joined Governor 1286:Jackson participated in the January 24 1147:Activity between presidential campaigns 807:after an invitation by Cuban president 420:in baseball, football, and basketball. 253:; born October 8, 1941) is an American 20836: 20205:Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them 19833:Ages of Man: Readings from Shakespeare 18514:Topics related to the African diaspora 17620:National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) 16180:African-American women in the movement 14632:White House Conference on Civil Rights 14463:"Segregation now, segregation forever" 12259: 11938: 11871: 11700: 11557:Brown, Stacy M. (September 25, 2018). 11471: 11384: 11164:"Poll: Jesse Jackson, Rice Top Blacks" 11161: 10481: 10329: 10185: 10019:. courier journal. September 15, 2018. 9953: 9345:. Massachusetts Live. August 27, 2010. 9214:"Jackson regrets vulgar Obama comment" 8990: 8957: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8773: 8771: 8769: 8111:Smothers, Ronald (February 28, 1992). 8071:Holmes, Steven A. (November 2, 1991). 8070: 8015: 7645: 7611: 7412: 7392:Rosenbaum, David E. (April 23, 1988). 7370: 7200:"Jackson Conciliatory on Jewish Issue" 7100: 7044: 6984: 6944: 6927:Dionne Jr., E. J. (February 9, 1988), 6912:Mianowany, Joseph (January 24, 1988). 6831: 6566: 6424: 6384: 6350: 6260: 6166: 6127: 6087: 5997: 5991: 5900: 5803: 5708: 5657: 5623: 5605: 5547: 5510:Clendinen, Dudley (January 12, 1984). 5447:Tortorano, David (December 12, 1983). 5387: 5366: 5042: 5006: 4990:"Chavez No Threat, Jesse Jackson Says" 4912: 4846: 4703:Kalfus, Marylyn (September 21, 1984). 4702: 4646: 4566: 4490: 4460: 4379: 4325: 4199: 4136: 4091: 3917: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3863: 3861: 2649:1988 Democratic presidential primaries 2339:commemorating the 59th anniversary of 2222:Venezuelan embassy in Washington, D.C. 1561:United States House of Representatives 1502:United States House of Representatives 1051:National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. 20564:NAACP Image Award – President's Award 20536: 20280:and Jacob Bronstein (producer) (2007) 19482: 18553: 18494:Landmark African-American legislation 16545: 16519: 14621:Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections 14083: 13745: 13390: 13018: 12759: 12668: 12655: 12349:Routliffe, Kathy (October 30, 2018). 12330:from the original on October 27, 2018 12299:from the original on October 29, 2018 12158: 12138: 12026:. Bakersfield.com. February 10, 2006. 11907:"Jackson's lure: the gift of oratory" 11791: 11556: 11489: 11155: 10417: 10088: 10030:Gonzalez, Sandra (January 29, 2019). 9969:Terry, Nicquel (September 25, 2017). 9968: 9875:"Why Trump Won: Working-Class Whites" 9781: 9672:. Palo Alto Online. January 27, 2015. 9497: 9457: 9387: 9355: 9264:"Is Obama the End of Black Politics?" 9078: 8831:from the original on January 30, 2023 8635:"Gore concedes presidential election" 8621:"Jesse Jackson Files Suit in Florida" 8601:Gonzalez, David (November 10, 2000). 8449: 8210: 8131: 8091: 8024: 7993: 7967: 7535: 7494: 7461: 7218: 7182: 7026:"JACKSON EDGES OUT DUKAKIS IN ALASKA" 6890: 6871: 6691: 6589:. Orlando Sentinel. October 11, 1987. 6495: 6403: 6300:Shepard, Robert (November 14, 1984). 6150:"Mondale Seeking To Distance Jackson" 5678: 5642: 5590: 5528: 5495:Merry, George B. (January 19, 1984). 5494: 5199:Smothers, Ronald (November 4, 1983). 4921: 4787: 4732:"Jesse Jackson's Mission to Damascus" 4409: 4348: 4275: 4193: 4070:. Lawrence, Kansas. December 31, 1987 4036: 4004: 4002: 4000: 3837:Smothers, Ronald (January 31, 1997). 3823: 3790:Frady, Marshall (November 28, 2006). 3789: 2831: 2654: 2539: 2386: 2151:, Jackson stated his support for the 1934:Jackson at the United Nations in 2012 1759:United States invasion of Afghanistan 1377: 1151:In January 1985, concurrent with the 1006:National Congress of American Indians 964: 20178:Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones 17625:National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC) 16389:St. Augustine Foot Soldiers Monument 14853:Regional Council of Negro Leadership 14801:Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party 14747:Committee on Appeal for Human Rights 14224:Sarah Keys v. Carolina Coach Company 14149:Murders of Harry and Harriette Moore 12519:1988 DNC speech transcript and audio 12514:1984 DNC speech transcript and audio 12234:Elliott, Justin (December 16, 2010) 12197: 11872:Flower, Bethany (February 2, 2022). 11817: 11773:from the original on August 22, 2021 11615: 11413: 11138:"Clinton to Award Medals of Freedom" 10961:"1990 DC Shadow Senator - D Primary" 10845:Jackson, Jesse (February 20, 2023). 10609: 10288: 9872: 9212:Calderone, Michael (July 10, 2008). 9162:"Jesse Jackson backs Obama for 2008" 9059: 8819:"Jesse Jackson considers peace trip" 8787:. September 26, 2001. Archived from 8450:Berke, Richard L. (March 24, 1999). 8430: 7994:Berke, Richard L. (March 27, 1991). 7219:Quinn, Matthew C. (April 17, 1988). 7197: 7161: 7081: 7045:Edsall, Thomas B. (March 13, 1988). 6786: 6440:Gerstel, Steve (November 22, 1986). 6336:Sweeney, Louise (January 21, 1985). 6314: 5849: 5824: 5767: 5658:Raines, Howell (February 29, 1984). 5643:March, Richard (February 27, 1984). 5624:Raines, Howell (February 24, 1984). 5606:Schram, Martin (February 24, 1984). 5572:Peterson, Bill (February 20, 1984). 5548:Raines, Howell (February 19, 1984). 5461: 5367:Raines, Howell (February 18, 1983). 5309: 5218:Coleman, Milton (November 4, 1983). 5171:"JESSE JACKSON SEEKS WIDER AUDIENCE" 4964:. Irish Examiner. November 11, 2004. 4545:Oreskes, Michael (October 7, 1987). 4290: 4110: 4037:Harry, Edwards (February 28, 2002). 4025: 3948: 2374: 2107:2016 Democratic presidential primary 1822:John F. Kennedy School of Government 1547:" policies. According to journalist 1362:to call 1988 "the Year of Jackson". 1153:second inauguration of Ronald Reagan 757:printed a letter written by Wright. 643: 394:, enslaved African-Americans, Irish 20944:Chicago Theological Seminary alumni 19624:John F. Kennedy: As We Remember Him 17979:African-American Vernacular English 14796:Lowndes County Freedom Organization 14732:Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters 14402:Robert F. Kennedy's Law Day Address 11701:Scutti, Susan (November 17, 2017). 11525:Jackson, Jesse (October 18, 2019). 11490:Riley, Rochelle (August 15, 2018). 11362:"About Chuck Jackson, Marvin Yancy" 11214:"Honorary degree for Jesse Jackson" 11119:"Jackson is not ready to celebrate" 11015:Jefferson Awards for Public Service 10815:Silverman, Ellie (August 2, 2021). 10682:from the original on April 18, 2021 10668:Dastagir, Alia E. (April 8, 2021). 10411: 10330:DuBose, Renetta (October 9, 2019). 10132: 9374:. Business Insider. April 13, 2011. 9261: 9160:Bellandi, Deanna (March 30, 2007). 9145:. November 27, 2006. Archived from 8991:Powell, Alvin (February 19, 2004). 8803: 8766: 8544:Ferullo, Mike (September 4, 2000). 8412:Johnson, Dirk (November 10, 1999). 8025:Berke, Richard L. (March 6, 1998). 7746:Apple Jr., R. W. (April 29, 1988). 7556: 7371:Dionne, E. J. Jr. (April 6, 1988). 7336:Rosenthal, Andrew (April 6, 1988). 7141:Apple Jr., R. W. (March 28, 1988). 7120:Apple Jr., R. W. (March 27, 1988). 6853:"CHANGE ON SOVIET URGED BY JACKSON" 6809:"JACKSON DETAILS PENSION LOAN PLAN" 6732:"JACKSON REBUFFED ON TAX INCREASES" 6671:Weinraub, Bernard (June 23, 1988). 6351:Barker, Karlyn (January 20, 1985). 6261:Raines, Howell (November 7, 1984). 6050:"Democrats Rally to Bid By Mondale" 5971: 5694:Richards, Clay F. (April 1, 1984). 5529:Cohen, Richard (January 18, 1984). 5201:"JACKSON DECLARES FORMAL CANDIDACY" 4474:. December 20, 1971. Archived from 4291:King, Seth G. (December 12, 1971). 3858: 3634:Relations with the Jewish community 3423:Jackson inherited the title of the 2825:1988 Democratic National Convention 2533:1984 Democratic National Convention 2218:2019 Venezuelan presidential crisis 2201:After Trump attacked Congresswoman 2097:Jackson declined to endorse either 1916:2010 Alabama gubernatorial election 1830:2004 Democratic National Convention 1743:Department of Children and Families 1693:2000 Democratic National Convention 1683:as showing no leadership after the 1537:1992 Democratic National Convention 1335:1988 Democratic National Convention 1127:1984 Democratic National Convention 890:In August 2005 Jackson traveled to 768:, sent letters to Florida governor 13: 20899:African-American Baptist ministers 20613:Kent Amos & Carmen Amos (1995) 19525:The Best of the Stan Freberg Shows 17897:U.S. cities with large populations 17600:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 16240:African-American churches attacked 14806:Montgomery Improvement Association 14781:Georgia Council on Human Relations 14766:Council of Federated Organizations 14737:Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) 14495:16th Street Baptist Church bombing 14453:Meredith enrollment, Ole Miss riot 14259:1957 Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom 14163:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents 12509:Ubben Lecture at DePauw University 12364:Coleman, Justine (March 8, 2020). 12116:"Public Leaders, Private Missteps" 11939:Conrad, Parker R. (June 9, 1999). 11919: 11616:York, Anthony (January 19, 2001). 11453:Jackson, Jesse (August 29, 2009). 11162:Alfano, Sean (February 15, 2006). 10786:Jackson, Jesse (August 16, 2021). 10440:from the original on April 8, 2020 9954:Thomas, Alex (September 2, 2017). 9427: 9356:Jones, Shannon (August 31, 2010). 9087:. Associated Press. Archived from 8912:"Jury convicts white supremacists" 7892:from the original on June 24, 2022 7698:O'Connor, Matt (August 22, 1992). 7630: 7612:Broder, David S. (July 19, 1988). 7274:"This Gore Campaign, and the Next" 6947:"DOLE, GEPHARDT WIN IOWA CAUCUSES" 6872:Walsh, Edward (January 24, 1988). 6851:Weinraub, Bernard (May 25, 1988). 6832:Martin, Charles (April 17, 1988). 6620:"JACKSON NAMES 2 TO LEAD CAMPAIGN" 6517:"Jesse Jackson meets with Wallace" 6385:Miller, Laurel E. (July 9, 1985). 6370:Cardarella, Toni (April 8, 1985). 6315:King, Seth S. (January 20, 1985). 6107:Weinraub, Bernard (July 4, 1984). 6067:Weinraub, Bernard (June 7, 1984). 5827:"JACKSON ADVANCES ON MONDALE LEAD" 5825:Boyd, Gerald M. (March 25, 1984). 5388:Clymer, Adam (February 22, 1983). 5022:LoGiurato, Brett (March 8, 2013). 4761:Depalma, Anthony (July 13, 2010). 4442: 4426:. October 11, 1971. Archived from 3997: 3818:Indian Tribes of Oklahoma: A Guide 1612:his bid for mayor of New York City 1057:, and lost the endorsement of the 1049:. In December, he was endorsed by 995:to address a joint session of the 288:. Jackson is the father of former 14: 21055: 20909:African American–Jewish relations 20864:20th-century American politicians 19564:– Robert Bialek (producer) (1960) 16770:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013 16766:Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009 16573:African American founding fathers 16312:Birmingham Civil Rights Institute 16185:Jews in the civil rights movement 12428: 12104:. Sun Sentinel. January 23, 2001. 12090:. The Ledger. September 14, 2018. 12058:. Bleacher Report. July 12, 2010. 11958:Kornacki, Steve (July 29, 2019). 11672:. Gainesville. September 4, 2008. 11136:Riechmann, Deb (August 3, 2000). 10700: 10319:. Greenville News. June 21, 2019. 10278:. The Daily Beast. July 16, 2019. 10089:Allen, Karma (February 4, 2019). 9841:. Jacksonville. November 5, 2016. 9554:from the original on June 9, 2021 9526: 9498:Stein, Letitia (March 24, 2015). 9443:Chappell, Bill (April 11, 2012). 8863:from the original on May 24, 2023 8431:Neal, Terry M. (March 25, 1999). 8369:This Day in History | December 19 8313:. September 13, 1998. p. A32 8295:. greensboro.com. March 23, 2000. 7497:"DUKAKIS PONDERS ROLE OF JACKSON" 7316: 7284:from the original on May 13, 2011 6945:Taylor, Paul (February 9, 1988). 6567:Taylor, Paul (October 11, 1987). 5901:Raines, Howell (April 29, 1984). 5768:Kern, David F. (March 26, 1984). 5390:"MONDALE BEGINS HIS '84 CAMPAIGN" 5220:"Jackson Launches 1984 Candidacy" 5113:. NIST International School. 2009 4824:"The Pilgrimage of Jesse Jackson" 4647:Wineka, Mark (October 23, 2018). 4513:. January 3, 1972. Archived from 3681:Palestine Liberation Organization 1480:Mayor of the District of Columbia 1242:Maryland Legislative Black Caucus 1161:Mayor of the District of Columbia 20212:and Paul Ruben (producer) (2003) 18532: 17650:United Negro College Fund (UNCF) 16795:Nadir of American race relations 16506:Civil rights movement portal 16499: 16347:Freedom Riders National Monument 16089:The Kingdom of God Is Within You 14601:1965 Selma to Montgomery marches 14560:1964 Monson Motor Lodge protests 14447:Second Emancipation Proclamation 12723: 12539:Interview Reverend Jesse Jackson 12441: 12357: 12342: 12311: 12278: 12260:Tapper, Jake (August 17, 2000). 12132: 12108: 12094: 12080: 12062: 12048: 12030: 12016: 11998: 11980: 11966: 11951: 11932: 11913: 11899: 11880: 11865: 11851: 11837: 11818:Rose, Andy (September 4, 2021). 11811: 11785: 11753: 11720: 11694: 11676: 11662: 11569: 11550: 11536: 11518: 11501: 11483: 11465: 11446: 11354: 11270: 11232: 11206: 11111: 11066:Johnson, Julie (July 14, 1989). 11059: 11033: 11003: 10978: 10953: 10944: 10853: 10838: 10826: 10808: 10794: 10779: 10765: 10737: 10709: 10694: 10661: 10647: 10633: 10618: 10603: 10589: 10572: 10540: 10512: 10498: 10475: 10452: 10393: 10367: 10353: 10338: 10323: 10309: 10282: 10268: 10254: 10240: 10198: 10179: 10133:Deb, Sopan (February 20, 2019). 10108: 10082: 10009: 9991: 9977: 9962: 9947: 9933: 9919: 9905: 9887: 9866: 9845: 9831: 9817: 9803: 9775: 9757: 9745:Jackson, Jesse (June 20, 2015). 9738: 9718: 9697: 9676: 9662: 9648: 9608: 9594: 9580: 9566: 9535: 9520: 9491: 9477: 9451: 9436: 9421: 9407: 9364: 9349: 9335: 9323: 9309: 9053: 9039: 9019: 8999: 8984: 8931: 8903: 8889: 8875: 8843: 8752: 8712: 8698: 8684: 8657: 8627: 8613: 8594: 8564: 8537: 8519: 8505: 8490: 8476: 8462: 8443: 8424: 8383: 8357: 8343: 8325: 8299: 8285: 8252: 8238: 8223: 8211:Toner, Robin (August 29, 1993). 8204: 8164: 8144: 8125: 8104: 8092:Ifill, Gwen (November 3, 1991). 8085: 8064: 8046: 7941: 7923: 7904: 7871: 7845: 7830: 7758: 7648:"DEMOCRATS STRUGGLE IN MICHIGAN" 7639: 7624: 7605: 7585: 7565: 7550: 7529: 7509: 7488: 7474: 7455: 7425: 7406: 7385: 7350: 7329: 7310: 7296: 7265: 7247: 7227: 7212: 7191: 7176: 7155: 7134: 7113: 7094: 7075: 7057: 7038: 7017: 6997: 6978: 6957: 6938: 6920: 6905: 6891:Corry, John (January 24, 1988). 6884: 6865: 6844: 6825: 6801: 6787:Dowd, Marueen (April 17, 1988). 6780: 6762: 6744: 6724: 6704: 6685: 6664: 6646: 6632: 6611: 6593: 6579: 6560: 6541: 6523: 6515:Ritchie, Bruce (July 20, 1987). 6508: 6496:Walsh, Edward (April 20, 1987). 6489: 6471: 6448: 6433: 6418: 6397: 6378: 6363: 6344: 6329: 6308: 6293: 6275: 6254: 6234: 6216: 6201: 6181: 6167:Raines, Howell (July 18, 1984). 6160: 6142: 6128:Raines, Howell (July 12, 1984). 6121: 6100: 6081: 6060: 5783:Franklin, Ben A. (May 2, 1984). 5711:"Debating Politics in The Round" 5266:. CS Monitor. November 16, 1983. 5045:"Jackson: Venezuela will evolve" 3713:, who is Jewish, for president. 3478: 3461:, for his work in civil rights. 3439:, who rules more than a million 3404:included Jackson on his list of 3381:American Whig-Cliosophic Society 2091:Islamic Society of North America 1858:'s onstage racist tirade at the 1640:impeachment inquiry by the House 1434:, Jackson compared the draft to 1417:National Right to Life Committee 647: 527: 505: 295:and current U.S. Representative 229: 20979:People with Parkinson's disease 20929:American Prince Hall Freemasons 19699:Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam 19597:Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? 16656:Civil rights movement 1954–1968 16646:Civil rights movement 1865–1896 16374:Mississippi Civil Rights Museum 16362:Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial 14838:National Council of Negro Women 14776:Deacons for Defense and Justice 12493:Jesse Jackson - Keep Hope Alive 12379: 11684:"Jesse Jackson is hospitalized" 11472:Merica, Dan (August 17, 2015). 10482:Pramuk, Jacob (April 8, 2020). 10418:Ember, Sydney (April 8, 2020). 10186:Jacobs, Julia (March 9, 2022). 9943:. News-Journal. August 7, 2017. 9915:. People.com. January 21, 2017. 9873:Cohn, Nate (November 9, 2016). 9782:Scott, Eugene (June 11, 2016). 9079:Beard, Aaron (April 11, 2007). 8910:Haskell, Dave (July 26, 2002). 8708:. Gainesville. August 18, 2002. 7413:Taylor, Paul (April 23, 1988). 7198:Dowd, Maureen (April 8, 1988). 7183:Raper, Sarah (March 28, 1988). 7101:Taylor, Paul (March 27, 1988). 7024:Spencer, Hal (March 12, 1988). 6208:Phillips, Don (July 17, 1984). 6042: 6022: 5951: 5933: 5915: 5894: 5876: 5858: 5843: 5818: 5797: 5776: 5761: 5741: 5721: 5702: 5687: 5672: 5651: 5636: 5617: 5599: 5584: 5565: 5541: 5522: 5503: 5488: 5474: 5462:Balz, Dan (December 11, 1983). 5455: 5440: 5422: 5402: 5381: 5360: 5346: 5328: 5303: 5284: 5270: 5256: 5230: 5211: 5192: 5163: 5143: 5125: 5103: 5081: 5043:Glueck, Katie (March 8, 2013). 5036: 5015: 5000: 4982: 4976:"Venezuela Wants Pat Robertson" 4968: 4954: 4936: 4696: 4668: 4640: 4621: 4602: 4584: 4574:"Nation: Wooing the Black Vote" 4387:"Nation: Turmoil in Shantytown" 4117:Henderson, Ashyia, ed. (2001), 3955:Henderson, Ashyia, ed. (2001). 3936:. A & E Television Networks 3601: 2329:2023 State of the Union Address 1997:In July 2013, Jackson met with 1369:Jackson making a speech at the 814:On the eve of the 1991 Persian 731: 554:In 1965 he participated in the 172: 20919:American football quarterbacks 20400:A Full Life: Reflections at 90 19610:BBC Tribute to John F. Kennedy 17645:Thurgood Marshall College Fund 16651:Civil right movement 1896–1954 14254:Mansfield school desegregation 12452:Matter of Fact with Stan Grant 12407:Jackson, Jesse L. Jr. (2001), 11887:Ballard, Mark (May 20, 2022). 10289:Lang, Marissa (May 15, 2019). 10250:. Star Tribune. July 22, 2019. 9458:Campo, Arian (July 14, 2013). 9060:Bush, Rudolph (May 27, 2005). 8958:Graves, Emma (June 24, 2006). 8883:"Jesse Jackson: Still PUSHing" 8762:. Irish Times. March 30, 2005. 8664:Gore, Al (December 13, 2000). 8353:. CBS News. December 17, 1998. 8333:"Direct Access: Jesse Jackson" 8248:. SF Gate. September 10, 1996. 8132:Ifill, Gwen (April 26, 1992). 7837:Jackson, Jesse (May 9, 2022). 7814:. May 21, 1988. Archived from 7796:. December 1, 1975. p. 4. 7536:Toner, Robin (July 13, 1988). 7482:"JACKSON SHAKES THE V.P. TREE" 7272:NYT editors (April 22, 1988). 7185:"Democrats debate in New York" 7162:Lynn, Frank (March 28, 1988). 7082:Love, Keith (March 27, 1988). 6985:Taylor, Paul (March 9, 1988). 6874:"NEW HAMPSHIRE'S EYES ON IOWA" 6425:Dunham, Will (June 25, 1986). 5709:Shales, Tom (March 29, 1984). 5310:Rule, Shelia (July 14, 1983). 5007:Martin, Eric (March 8, 2013). 4420:"Races: Black Expo in Chicago" 4393:. June 7, 1968. Archived from 3810: 3783: 3703:Democratic National Convention 3580:Northwestern Memorial Hospital 3407:100 Greatest African Americans 3379:In 1991, Jackson received the 3357:In 1979, Jackson received the 2358:and then after a head injury. 1925: 1587:United States Attorney General 1013:president of the United States 723:In 1984 Jackson organized the 696:People United to Save Humanity 546:SCLC and Operation Breadbasket 514:People United to Save Humanity 25:Jesse Jackson (disambiguation) 1: 20047:What You Can Do to Avoid AIDS 17825:Cherokee freedmen controversy 16801:The Negro Motorist Green Book 16384:National Voting Rights Museum 16327:Civil Rights Movement Archive 16126:Lynching in the United States 16013:"Keep Your Eyes on the Prize" 14468:Stand in the Schoolhouse Door 14441:University of Chicago sit-ins 14208:Davis v. Prince Edward County 11976:. USA Today. October 8, 2021. 11546:. WBEZChicago. July 24, 2020. 11220:. The University of Edinburgh 10610:Roos, Meghan (June 6, 2020). 10599:. Spokesman. January 4, 2021. 9987:. CBS News. January 29, 2018. 9590:. USA Today. August 12, 2014. 9066:tribunedigital-chicagotribune 8623:. ABC News. December 6, 2000. 8365:"President Clinton impeached" 7968:Toner, Robin (July 6, 1990). 7931:"Jackson Undecided on Future" 7495:Toner, Robin (June 2, 1988). 7484:. Deseret News. May 31, 1988. 7452:. Jesse Jackson, pp. 234–235. 6404:Rimer, Sara (June 15, 1986). 6088:Pianin, Eric (July 1, 1984). 5998:Thomas, Evan (July 2, 1984). 4858:Carroll & Graf Publishers 4788:Terry, Don (April 15, 2009). 4615:tribunedigital-chicagotribune 4364:Daytona Beach Morning Journal 4326:Hebers, John (June 2, 1969). 3740: 3707:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting 3539:Jackson had friendships with 3395:Presidential Medal of Freedom 2080: 1838:Democratic National Committee 1792:white supremacist terror plot 1513:Democratic National Committee 1340:According to a November 1987 1187:1987 Chicago mayoral election 1059:Alabama Democratic Conference 825:In 1997, Jackson traveled to 451:historically black university 432: 367:Both Sides with Jesse Jackson 20796:Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex 20731:Black Stuntmen's Association 19984:Speech by Rev. Jesse Jackson 16379:National Civil Rights Museum 16235:March on Washington Movement 16220:Dexter Avenue Baptist Church 14689:Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co. 12559:and the Library of Congress) 10643:. CBS News. October 3, 2020. 9618:. CBS News. August 16, 2014. 9604:. Politico. August 15, 2014. 9388:Lynch, Rene (May 10, 2012). 9319:. AL.com. November 20, 2009. 9262:Bai, Matt (August 6, 2008). 8515:. ABC News. August 15, 2000. 7462:Ifill, Gwen (June 8, 1988). 6340:. Christian Science Monitor. 5804:Gailey, Phil (May 6, 1984). 5574:"Mondale Keeps Lead In Iowa" 5499:. Christian Science Monitor. 4978:. CBS News. August 28, 2005. 4922:Sachs, Susan (May 2, 1999). 4200:Thomas, Evan (May 7, 1984). 4092:Asante, Molefi Kete (2002). 3961:. Gale Group. Archived from 3730:List of civil rights leaders 1757:, and in the lead-up to the 1651:On November 18, 1999, seven 1268:, before changing his mind. 1045:, and former Vice President 846:NATO's bombing of Yugoslavia 491:Chicago Theological Seminary 483:Chicago Theological Seminary 215:Chicago Theological Seminary 64:United States Shadow Senator 7: 21019:Washington, D.C., Democrats 19738:Jonathan Livingston Seagull 18619:William Stanley Braithwaite 17695:Black players in ice hockey 17630:National Urban League (NUL) 17456:American Society of Muslims 16694:Selma to Montgomery marches 16614:Brown v. Board of Education 16023:"This Little Light of Mine" 14771:Dallas County Voters League 14717:Atlanta Negro Voters League 14480:Letter from Birmingham Jail 14187:Brown v. Board of Education 11859:"Movement That Didn't Move" 11072:The New York Timesnewspaper 10775:. CBS News. April 20, 2021. 9929:. USA Today. April 5, 2017. 9417:. CBS News. March 26, 2012. 9360:. World Socialist Web Site. 9085:The San Francisco Chronicle 9049:. SFGate. October 12, 2004. 8351:"Capitol Vigil For Clinton" 7415:"DEBATE BECOMES LOVE FEAST" 5449:"Jackson: down but not out" 3716: 3466:Homerton College, Cambridge 2137:Women's March on Washington 1981:, and called for repealing 1962:and compared the fight for 1836:ruled that Jackson and the 1834:Federal Election Commission 1679:and presidential candidate 1288:University of New Hampshire 1232:Jesse Jackson (right) with 836:as United States President 556:Selma to Montgomery marches 481:in 1964, then attended the 282:shadow delegate and senator 10: 21060: 20859:African-American activists 19615:That Was the Week That Was 17852:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 17610:Nashville Student Movement 16621:Children of the plantation 16357:Martin Luther King Jr. Day 16225:Holt Street Baptist Church 16195:16th Street Baptist Church 15179:Annie Bell Robinson Devine 14823:Nashville Student Movement 14753:An Appeal for Human Rights 12498:Keep Hope Alive Affiliates 11650:. CNN.com. August 16, 2001 11105:December 26, 2012, at the 10363:. Politico. June 28, 2019. 10264:. Fox News. July 17, 2019. 9827:. Politico. July 10, 2016. 9658:. ABC7. November 29, 2014. 8917:United Press International 7794:United Press International 5482:"Democrats meet in debate" 4507:"Races: Jackson PUSHes On" 4449:Interview with Al Sharpton 3735:List of notable Freemasons 2057:killed nine people at the 1975:shooting of Trayvon Martin 1907:Congressional Black Caucus 1673:2000 presidential election 1578:, walking arm-in-arm with 1458:Later political activities 1205: 1202:1988 presidential campaign 1141:Congressional Black Caucus 976: 973:1984 presidential campaign 867:at the culmination of the 735: 703:Party's National Committee 455:Greensboro, North Carolina 388:Greenville, South Carolina 140:Greenville, South Carolina 18: 20964:Minority rights activists 20889:African American adoptees 20800:Meghan, Duchess of Sussex 20782: 20717: 20648: 20606: 20595:Antoinette Stroman & 20570: 20467: 20326: 20191:A Song Flung Up to Heaven 20155: 20053:and Robert O'Keefe (1992) 20010: 19847: 19690: 19553: 19516: 18588: 18522: 18489:Index of related articles 18367: 18282: 18006: 17939: 17877: 17777: 17738: 17670: 17663: 17578: 17498: 17490:Doctrine of Father Divine 17436: 17378: 17027: 16882: 16874:Women's suffrage movement 16827:Reconstruction Amendments 16634:Voting Rights Act of 1965 16553: 16495: 16397: 16299: 16113: 16046: 15988: 15967: 15854:Ruby Doris Smith-Robinson 15824:Modjeska Monteith Simkins 14896: 14888:Women's Political Council 14883:Wednesdays in Mississippi 14878:United Auto Workers (UAW) 14863:Southern Regional Council 14833:Northern Student Movement 14742:Committee for Freedom Now 14702: 14649:Memphis sanitation strike 14615:Voting Rights Act of 1965 14537: 14358:Savannah Protest Movement 14320: 14178: 14139:Journey of Reconciliation 14131: 14118: 14051: 13996: 13970: 13941: 13912: 13891: 13862: 13841: 13820: 13761: 13741: 13595: 13570: 13561: 13468: 13443: 13434: 13358: 13314: 13273: 13240: 13207: 13174: 13151: 13098: 13065: 13032: 13014: 12929: 12904: 12895: 12837: 12812: 12803: 12732: 12721: 12702: 12662: 12640: 12624: 12619: 12612: 12602: 12575: 12570: 12565: 12440: 12435: 12204:How We Got Here: The '70s 11579:. CBS News. July 7, 2009. 10582:. PBS. January 28, 2022. 8885:. UPI. February 13, 2002. 8694:. CNN. December 18, 2000. 8280:"Giuliani Wins With Ease" 7841:. Tribune Content Agency. 7360:. AP News. April 5, 1988. 6000:"Trying to Win the Peace" 5189:Jackson and White, p. 33. 3663:Manchester, New Hampshire 3331: 3314: 3093: 3078: 3029:Harry "Tommy" Thomas, Jr. 2952: 2947: 2924: 2911: 2898: 2885: 2872: 2855: 2842: 2837: 2834: 2810: 2797: 2784: 2771: 2758: 2747: 2734: 2721: 2708: 2695: 2678: 2665: 2660: 2657: 2632: 2619: 2606: 2593: 2576: 2563: 2550: 2545: 2542: 2516: 2503: 2490: 2477: 2466: 2453: 2440: 2423: 2410: 2397: 2392: 2389: 2269:killing of Breonna Taylor 2170:Fort Washington, Maryland 2027:shooting of Michael Brown 959:NIST International School 687:national headquarters in 409:of 1955. He attended the 328:Governor of Massachusetts 237: 225: 201: 182: 157: 147: 118: 113: 109: 97: 85: 74: 62: 58: 46: 34: 21044:Chicago Freedom Movement 20994:Politicians from Chicago 20439:Faith: A Journey for All 19921:Ma Rainey's Black Bottom 19781:Great American Documents 19672:We Love You Call Collect 19259:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr. 18875:Charles Hamilton Houston 18659:George Washington Carver 18539:United States portal 17974:African-American English 17403:Inventors and scientists 17095:George Washington Carver 16699:Chicago Freedom Movement 14722:Atlanta Student Movement 14671:Civil Rights Act of 1968 14596:1964–1965 Scripto strike 14577:Civil Rights Act of 1964 14475:1963 Birmingham campaign 14368:Civil Rights Act of 1960 14292:Civil Rights Act of 1957 13893:Socialist Equality Party 13176:Socialist Equality Party 12566:Party political offices 11990:. Medium. June 8, 2016. 11100:archives-trim.un.org PDF 10986:"1990 DC Shadow Senator" 10751:Minneapolis Star Tribune 10657:. ABC7. October 3, 2020. 8899:. CNN. December 2, 2002. 8282:, CNN, November 4, 1997. 8193:"Obama's a Lock in 2012" 6834:"DEMOCRATS AND THE BOMB" 5484:. UPI. January 15, 1984. 4596:Crain's Chicago Business 3671:Shortly after President 3496:Jacqueline Lavinia Brown 2286:uncle Justin marched in 2267:In June 2020, after the 2239: 2193:In February 2019, after 1944:World Socialist Web Site 1704:Florida election recount 1685:murder of James Byrd Jr. 1658: 1606:In 1997, Jackson backed 1478:Following the arrest of 1462: 382:Early life and education 20854:Family of Jesse Jackson 20115:Charles Kuralt's Spring 20060:On the Pulse of Morning 18462:African-American firsts 17511:Back-to-Africa movement 17480:Black Hebrew Israelites 17260:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 16808:Partus sequitur ventrem 16274:Voter Education Project 16028:"We Shall Not Be Moved" 15689:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 15124:Josephine Dobbs Clement 14550:Chester school protests 14545:Twenty-fourth Amendment 14507:Detroit Walk to Freedom 14249:Tallahassee bus boycott 14170:Baton Rouge bus boycott 13943:Socialist Workers Party 13242:Socialist Workers Party 12262:"Don't ask, don't tell" 12102:"JESSE JACKSON'S ERROR" 10804:. ABC7. August 3, 2021. 10208:. ABC7. March 10, 2022. 9464:The Wall Street Journal 8472:. UPI. August 16, 1999. 6642:UPI. November 25, 1987. 5591:McQuillan, Laurence J. 4736:Eightiesclub.tripod.com 4147:"Jackson to get degree" 3930:"Topics: Jesse Jackson" 3448:University of Edinburgh 1849:the ensuing controversy 1737:. After Bush nominated 1642:. In an interview with 1238:Decatur "Bucky" Trotter 1084:-sponsored debate, and 630:National Youth Movement 268:. Beginning as a young 21039:Poor People's Campaign 20884:Activists from Chicago 20051:Earvin "Magic" Johnson 19703:Martin Luther King Jr. 19315:Constance Baker Motley 19195:Frederick D. Patterson 18931:Martin Luther King Jr. 18859:Channing Heggie Tobias 18747:William T. B. Williams 18723:Richard Berry Harrison 18707:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson 18430:Spingarn Medal winners 17919:States and territories 17690:Black NFL quarterbacks 17190:Martin Luther King Jr. 16722:Dred Scott v. Sandford 16661:Montgomery bus boycott 16487:Movement photographers 15729:Bernice Johnson Reagon 15449:Martin Luther King Sr. 15444:Martin Luther King Jr. 15014:William Holmes Borders 14786:Highlander Folk School 14676:Poor People's Campaign 14529:St. Augustine movement 14379:Gomillion v. Lightfoot 14302:Katz Drug Store sit-in 14273:Royal Ice Cream sit-in 14235:Montgomery bus boycott 12865:Incumbent VP nominee: 12241:June 29, 2011, at the 11494:. Detroit Free Press. 9487:. wbur. July 15, 2013. 9428:Causey, Adam Kealoha. 8995:. The Harvard Gazette. 8859:. September 30, 2001. 7306:. UPI. April 21, 1988. 5497:"Prelude to a primary" 4068:Lawrence Journal-World 3796:. Simon and Schuster. 3759:"Jackson, Jesse Louis" 3675:fired U.N. Ambassador 3607:fulfilling life." For 3491: 3345:Awards and recognition 2492:Reubin O'Donovan Askew 2343:and spoke with Biden. 2313:Jackson supported the 2257: 2094: 2049:, where he called for 2022: 1983:stand-your-ground laws 1935: 1905:In November 2009, the 1883:acting like he's white 1817: 1783:Jeffersonian democracy 1668: 1475: 1437:Dred Scott v. Sandford 1374: 1305:Mayor of New York City 1277:Equal Rights Amendment 1249: 1136: 1125:Jackson addressed the 1082:League of Women Voters 1070:Hanover, New Hampshire 988: 869:anti-war demonstration 784:International activism 766:Martin Luther King Jr. 692: 552:Martin Luther King Jr. 460:Writing an article on 447:North Carolina A&T 443:University of Illinois 438: 429:North Carolina A&T 407:Montgomery bus boycott 274:Martin Luther King Jr. 20287:An Inconvenient Truth 20233:Dreams from My Father 19996:It's Always Something 19768:Give 'em Hell, Harry! 19275:Myrlie Evers-Williams 19031:Clarence Mitchell Jr. 18883:Mabel Keaton Staupers 18643:Charles Sidney Gilpin 17740:Athletic associations 17675:Negro league baseball 17446:African-American Jews 17165:Ketanji Brown Jackson 17130:Henry Highland Garnet 16989:Negro National Anthem 16739:George Floyd protests 16704:Post–civil rights era 16322:Civil Rights Memorial 16210:Bethel Baptist Church 15859:Charles Kenzie Steele 15304:Audrey Faye Hendricks 15209:Myrlie Evers-Williams 15189:Patricia Stephens Due 15159:Abraham Lincoln Davis 15094:Colia Lafayette Clark 14848:Operation Breadbasket 14843:National Urban League 14590:Katzenbach v. McClung 14458:Atlanta's Berlin Wall 14111:Civil rights movement 14056:Other 1988 elections: 13980:Nominee: Larry Holmes 12530:- video interview by 10937:National Public Radio 10849:. The Seattle Medium. 9149:on November 28, 2006. 9035:. September 26, 2004. 8791:on September 27, 2001 8722:. UPI. June 22, 2004. 8668:. CNN. Archived from 8548:. CNN. Archived from 8486:. CNN. March 1, 2000. 7789:The Milwaukee Journal 7766:"THE JACKSON VICTORY" 6692:Samuelson, Robert J. 6537:. September 27, 1987. 6250:. September 23, 1984. 5280:UPI. August 26, 1983. 5069:on September 27, 2011 4834:Show #1415 transcript 4202:"Pride and Prejudice" 4016:. MSN. Archived from 3534:Prince Hall Freemason 3486: 2811:Douglas E. Applegate 2297:After police officer 2247: 2135:Jackson attended the 2088: 2012: 1933: 1885:" in response to the 1808: 1700:close race in Florida 1666: 1470: 1368: 1273:universal health care 1231: 1131: 986: 947:2005 General Election 871:against the imminent 760:In 1984, Jackson and 682: 621:Civil Rights Movement 585:Poor People's Crusade 571:Operation Breadbasket 497:Civil rights activism 487:civil rights movement 464:in 2002, sociologist 426: 308:Reagan administration 278:civil rights movement 20949:Grammy Award winners 20426:The Princess Diarist 20273:The Audacity of Hope 20020:Gracie: A Love Story 19806:The Belle of Amherst 19379:Frankie Muse Freeman 19143:Benjamin Elijah Mays 18771:Walter Francis White 18675:James Weldon Johnson 18651:Mary Burnett Talbert 17947:Afro-Seminole Creole 17473:Azusa Street Revival 17345:Booker T. Washington 16869:Underground Railroad 16734:Free people of color 16588:Atlantic slave trade 16367:other King memorials 16342:Freedom Rides Museum 16279:1960s counterculture 16230:Edmund Pettus Bridge 15909:Walter Francis White 15814:Alexander D. Shimkin 14328:New Year's Day March 14297:Ministers' Manifesto 14144:Executive Order 9981 13362:Other 1984 elections 13318:and other candidates 12587:District of Columbia 12541:, December 1, 1984, 12274:on January 25, 2003. 12142:(January 23, 2001). 12124:. January 23, 2001. 11690:. September 5, 2008. 11628:on February 13, 2009 11414:Gray, David (2012). 11021:on November 24, 2010 10790:. Chicago Sun-Times. 9958:. Dayton Daily News. 9813:. CNN. July 8, 2016. 9193:. September 19, 2007 8947:. September 2, 2003. 8339:. December 16, 1998. 7957:. February 26, 1990. 6660:. November 26, 1987. 5342:. November 24, 1983. 4950:. February 15, 2003. 4769:. Topics.nytimes.com 4430:on December 21, 2008 4152:The Telegraph-Herald 4020:on October 28, 2009. 3965:on September 6, 2012 3687:According to a 1987 3487:Jackson at the 2012 3415:Edge Hill University 3368:awarded Jackson its 2874:Richard H. Stallings 2337:Edmund Pettus Bridge 2208:Governor of Illinois 1968:interracial marriage 1772:Mullah Mohammad Omar 1755:September 11 attacks 1529:Governor of Arkansas 1171:Medgar Evers College 939:Operation Black Vote 896:Venezuelan President 611:, and Chicago Mayor 414:Sterling High School 386:Jackson was born in 346:District of Columbia 338:United States Senate 286:District of Columbia 69:District of Columbia 23:For other uses, see 21034:Left-wing populists 20387:Diary of a Mad Diva 20256:With Ossie and Ruby 19908:The Words of Gandhi 19604:(playwright) (1963) 18907:Theodore K. Lawless 18755:Mary McLeod Bethune 18699:Charles W. Chesnutt 18595:Ernest Everett Just 18342:Trinidad and Tobago 17957:Black American Sign 17784:By African descent 17778:Ethnic subdivisions 17765:Southwestern (SWAC) 17680:Baseball color line 17595:Black Panther Party 17499:Political movements 17416:in computer science 17075:Carol Moseley Braun 16864:Tulsa race massacre 16857:Treatment of slaves 16689:March on Washington 16684:Birmingham movement 16105:Mary McLeod Bethune 16066:Sermon on the Mount 16033:"We Shall Overcome" 15614:William Lewis Moore 15394:Frank Minis Johnson 15369:Richie Jean Jackson 15324:Donald L. Hollowell 15129:Charles E. Cobb Jr. 14934:Gwendolyn Armstrong 14929:William G. Anderson 14909:Victoria Gray Adams 14873:The Freedom Singers 14727:Black Panther Party 14512:March on Washington 14425:Garner v. Louisiana 14386:Boynton v. Virginia 13972:Workers World Party 13333:Larry "Bozo" Harmon 13275:Workers World Party 12845:Incumbent nominee: 12583:U.S. Shadow Senator 12389:The End of the Line 12386:Dudley, K. (1994), 12292:The Washington Post 12177:The Washington Post 12140:Dyson, Michael Eric 12012:. October 11, 2018. 11769:. August 22, 2021. 11392:"Famous Freemasons" 11372:on January 24, 2016 11047:. December 11, 1988 10820:The Washington Post 10528:. December 11, 2020 10349:. The Detroit News. 10295:The Washington Post 10122:. February 2, 2019. 9901:. November 9, 2016. 9771:. January 27, 2016. 9690:The Washington Post 9531:. jacksonville.com. 9432:. jacksonville.com. 9119:. November 23, 2006 8437:The Washington Post 8311:The Washington Post 8191:(October 6, 2010), 7937:. January 24, 1990. 7917:The Washington Post 7812:Swissnet.ai.mit.edu 6460:The Washington Post 6289:. November 7, 1984. 5984:The Washington Post 5436:. December 2, 1983. 5418:. December 2, 1983. 5224:The Washington Post 5179:. October 17, 1983. 4804:on October 22, 2010 4682:The Palm Beach Post 4598:. October 15, 2005. 4580:. January 30, 1978. 4517:on October 22, 2010 4457:, December 3, 2007. 4451:, David Shankbone, 4397:on October 29, 2010 3767:Stanford University 3610:The Harvard Crimson 3596:intensive care unit 3584:Parkinson's disease 3489:Bud Billiken Parade 3268:David L. Whitehead 3232:Anthony W. Peacock 3214:Keith M. Wilkerson 3160:Harry T. Alexander 2944: 2828: 2651: 2536: 2383: 2352:Parkinson's disease 2273:Mayor of Louisville 2185:Mayor of Louisville 2074:Joseph P. Riley Jr. 2071:Mayor of Charleston 2047:Stanford University 1732:Governor of Florida 1645:The Washington Post 1559:was elected to the 1415:program. In a 1977 1351:The Washington Post 1246:Annapolis, Maryland 1219:Governor of Alabama 1102:The Washington Post 997:Alabama Legislature 411:racially segregated 290:U.S. Representative 244:Jesse Louis Jackson 20954:Illinois Democrats 20584:Rev. Jesse Jackson 20102:It Takes a Village 19419:Nathaniel R. Jones 19283:Earl G. Graves Sr. 19251:John Hope Franklin 18851:Percy Lavon Julian 18811:A. Philip Randolph 18731:Robert Russa Moton 18440:US representatives 18435:US cabinet members 18327:Dominican Republic 17914:Metropolitan areas 17755:Mid-Eastern (MEAC) 17580:Civic and economic 17558:Self-determination 17379:Education, science 17300:Fred Shuttlesworth 17280:A. Philip Randolph 17185:Coretta Scott King 17110:Frederick Douglass 16937:Harlem Renaissance 16842:Separate but equal 16832:Reconstruction era 16820:Plessy v. Ferguson 16711:Cornerstone Speech 16625:Civil Rights Acts 16608:Black Lives Matter 16583:American Civil War 16422:Michael Eric Dyson 16307:In popular culture 16190:Fifth Circuit Four 16174:Loving v. Virginia 16167:Hernandez v. Texas 16146:Buchanan v. Warley 16138:Separate but equal 16132:Plessy v. Ferguson 16095:Frederick Douglass 15929:Robert F. Williams 15839:Kelly Miller Smith 15819:Fred Shuttlesworth 15744:Frederick D. Reese 15724:George Raymond Jr. 15714:A. Philip Randolph 15694:Fay Bellamy Powell 15609:Queen Mother Moore 15494:Z. Alexander Looby 15439:Coretta Scott King 15384:Barbara Rose Johns 15364:Jimmie Lee Jackson 15289:William E. Harbour 15069:Stokely Carmichael 14984:Randolph Blackwell 14654:King assassination 14643:Loving v. Virginia 14627:March Against Fear 14607:How Long, Not Long 14485:Children's Crusade 14436:Cambridge movement 14373:Ax Handle Saturday 14338:Greensboro sit-ins 14265:Give Us the Ballot 13822:New Alliance Party 13719:Patricia Schroeder 13264:Matilde Zimmermann 12636:Florence Pendleton 12633:Served alongside: 12353:. Chicago Tribune. 12121:The New York Times 11741:on August 22, 2021 11618:"Jackson retreats" 11597:. February 1, 2001 11342:on August 20, 2003 11310:The New York Times 11248:. August 23, 2015. 11011:"National Winners" 10866:The New York Times 10558:The New York Times 10525:The New York Times 10426:The New York Times 10192:The New York Times 10139:The New York Times 10070:. January 29, 2019 10003:The New York Times 9880:The New York Times 9731:The New York Times 9711:The New York Times 9269:The New York Times 9032:The New York Times 9012:The New York Times 8944:The New York Times 8607:The New York Times 8582:on August 29, 2013 8552:on August 29, 2013 8533:. August 16, 2000. 8531:The New York Times 8456:The New York Times 8418:The New York Times 8266:The New York Times 8217:The New York Times 8157:The New York Times 8138:The New York Times 8118:The New York Times 8098:The New York Times 8078:The New York Times 8058:The New York Times 8032:The New York Times 8001:The New York Times 7974:The New York Times 7954:The New York Times 7935:The New York Times 7752:The New York Times 7727:Timmerman, Kenneth 7598:The New York Times 7578:The New York Times 7543:The New York Times 7522:The New York Times 7502:The New York Times 7399:The New York Times 7378:The New York Times 7343:The New York Times 7278:The New York Times 7240:The New York Times 7205:The New York Times 7169:The New York Times 7148:The New York Times 7127:The New York Times 7031:The New York Times 7010:The New York Times 6971:The New York Times 6933:The New York Times 6898:The New York Times 6858:The New York Times 6817:. March 18, 1988. 6814:The New York Times 6794:The New York Times 6737:The New York Times 6717:The New York Times 6678:The New York Times 6625:The New York Times 6607:. October 4, 1987. 6605:The New York Times 6554:The New York Times 6483:The New York Times 6463:. April 23, 1986. 6411:The New York Times 6322:The New York Times 6268:The New York Times 6247:The New York Times 6230:. August 29, 1984. 6194:The New York Times 6174:The New York Times 6135:The New York Times 6114:The New York Times 6094:The New York Times 6074:The New York Times 6035:The New York Times 5964:The New York Times 5908:The New York Times 5832:The New York Times 5811:The New York Times 5790:The New York Times 5754:The New York Times 5734:The New York Times 5665:The New York Times 5630:The New York Times 5555:The New York Times 5516:The New York Times 5415:The New York Times 5395:The New York Times 5374:The New York Times 5356:UPI. May 24, 1984. 5317:The New York Times 5244:. December 1, 1984 5205:The New York Times 5176:The New York Times 5156:The New York Times 4996:. August 29, 2005. 4929:The New York Times 4860:. pp. 146–7. 4634:chicagotribune.com 4552:The New York Times 4335:The New York Times 4297:The New York Times 3903:The New York Times 3844:The New York Times 3492: 3402:Molefi Kete Asante 3228:DC Statehood Green 3210:DC Statehood Green 3136:Florence Pendleton 3004:Florence Pendleton 2939: 2823: 2647: 2595:Thomas F. Eagleton 2531: 2379: 2307:Michael O. Freeman 2292:Evanston, Illinois 2288:Kenosha, Wisconsin 2271:, Jackson praised 2258: 2175:The New York Times 2095: 2031:Ferguson, Missouri 2029:ignited unrest in 2023: 1936: 1818: 1787:Jesse Lee Peterson 1669: 1511:In November 1991, 1476: 1378:Stance on abortion 1375: 1360:The New York Times 1301:Fordham University 1281:The New York Times 1250: 1086:The New York Times 1025:Coretta Scott King 989: 965:Political activism 858:Slobodan Milošević 774:James Dupree Henry 762:Coretta Scott King 693: 659:. You can help by 593:The New York Times 439: 20914:American adoptees 20831: 20830: 20825: 20824: 20530: 20529: 20312:Always Looking Up 20133:Christopher Reeve 19971:Lake Wobegon Days 19630:(producer) (1965) 19628:Goddard Lieberson 19576:Leonard Bernstein 19476: 19475: 19459:Cato T. Laurencin 18843:Thurgood Marshall 18819:William H. Hastie 18683:Carter G. Woodson 18547: 18546: 18375:African Americans 18247:Dallas–Fort Worth 17842:Black Southerners 17773: 17772: 17225:Thurgood Marshall 17195:Bernard Lafayette 16790:Million Man March 16547:African Americans 16513: 16512: 16290:Eyes on the Prize 16205:A.G. Gaston Motel 16200:Kelly Ingram Park 16160:Sweatt v. Painter 15844:Mary Louise Smith 15804:Cleveland Sellers 15789:Michael Schwerner 15754:Gloria Richardson 15534:Thurgood Marshall 15454:Bernard Lafayette 15184:John Wesley Dobbs 14698: 14697: 14417:Birmingham attack 14397:Rock Hill sit-ins 14348:Sibley Commission 14343:Nashville sit-ins 14215:Gebhart v. Belton 14201:Briggs v. Elliott 14194:Bolling v. Sharpe 14155:Sweatt v. Painter 14077: 14076: 14047: 14046: 13961:Kathleen Mickells 13864:Prohibition Party 13804:Other candidates: 13763:Libertarian Party 13737: 13736: 13631:Douglas Applegate 13628:Other candidates: 13557: 13556: 13501:Other candidates: 13478:George H. W. Bush 13384: 13383: 13354: 13353: 13295:Gavrielle Holmes 13290:Alternate nominee 13153:Prohibition Party 13100:Libertarian Party 13010: 13009: 12962:Other candidates: 12954:Geraldine Ferraro 12891: 12890: 12875:Other candidates: 12867:George H. W. Bush 12753: 12752: 12650: 12649: 12641:Succeeded by 12631:1991–1997 12603:Succeeded by 12462: 12461: 12040:. July 14, 2008. 11688:Los Angeles Times 11511:. June 27, 2013. 11194:. August 14, 2009 11045:Los Angeles Times 10407:. March 14, 2020. 10093:. New York City: 9394:Los Angeles Times 8672:on March 15, 2007 7772:. March 29, 1988. 7439:. March 29, 1988. 7261:. April 21, 1988. 7243:. April 20, 1988. 7088:Los Angeles Times 7071:. March 20, 1988. 7013:. March 10, 1988. 6774:Los Angeles Times 6485:. March 19, 1987. 5947:. April 29, 1984. 5929:. April 20, 1984. 5890:. March 31, 1984. 5872:. March 14, 1984. 5757:. April 15, 1984. 5737:. March 29, 1984. 4994:Los Angeles Times 4867:978-0-7867-1551-0 4794:Frost Illustrated 4710:The Tampa Tribune 4478:on April 20, 2008 4022:October 31, 2009. 3803:978-1-4165-4349-7 3695:Vice Presidential 3679:for meeting with 3441:Agni tribespeople 3400:In 2002, scholar 3370:President's Award 3342: 3341: 3282:Socialist Workers 3094:General election 2948:Primary election 2937: 2936: 2821: 2820: 2645: 2644: 2529: 2528: 2375:Electoral history 2035:Lyndon B. Johnson 1999:Marissa Alexander 1964:marriage equality 1712:Palm Beach County 1677:Governor of Texas 1653:Decatur, Illinois 1557:Jesse Jackson Jr. 1498:Jesse Jackson Jr. 1322:George H. W. Bush 1297:Robert S. Strauss 1266:Harold Washington 1196:Harold Washington 1039:Kenneth A. Gibson 916:John Quincy Adams 885:Belfast Agreement 865:Hyde Park, London 848:, he traveled to 725:Rainbow Coalition 677: 676: 396:plantation owners 293:Jesse Jackson Jr. 241: 240: 123:Jesse Louis Burns 21:Jesse Jackson Jr. 21051: 20737:Kerry Washington 20662:Condoleezza Rice 20557: 20550: 20543: 20534: 20533: 20523: 20509: 20497: 20485: 20460: 20446: 20434: 20420: 20408: 20394: 20382: 20368: 20356: 20344: 20319: 20307: 20281: 20267: 20241: 20227: 20213: 20199: 20185: 20173: 20148: 20136: 20122: 20110: 20096: 20088:Phenomenal Woman 20082: 20068: 20054: 20042: 20028: 20003: 19991: 19979: 19976:Garrison Keillor 19965: 19929: 19915: 19903: 19900:William Warfield 19895:Lincoln Portrait 19889: 19879: 19865: 19840: 19828: 19814: 19800: 19793:James Earl Jones 19776: 19762: 19746: 19732: 19720: 19706: 19683: 19680:Diane Linkletter 19667: 19655: 19643: 19640:Edward R. Murrow 19631: 19619: 19605: 19591: 19588:Charles Laughton 19579: 19565: 19546: 19538:Lincoln Portrait 19532: 19503: 19496: 19489: 19480: 19479: 19469: 19461: 19453: 19445: 19437: 19429: 19421: 19413: 19405: 19397: 19389: 19381: 19373: 19365: 19357: 19349: 19341: 19333: 19325: 19323:Robert L. Carter 19317: 19309: 19301: 19293: 19285: 19277: 19269: 19261: 19253: 19245: 19237: 19229: 19221: 19213: 19205: 19197: 19189: 19181: 19173: 19161: 19153: 19145: 19137: 19129: 19121: 19109: 19101: 19089: 19081: 19073: 19065: 19057: 19049: 19041: 19033: 19025: 19017: 19009: 19001: 18993: 18985: 18977: 18975:Robert C. Weaver 18969: 18967:Kenneth B. Clark 18961: 18953: 18945: 18943:Little Rock Nine 18933: 18925: 18917: 18909: 18901: 18899:Paul R. Williams 18893: 18885: 18877: 18869: 18861: 18853: 18845: 18837: 18829: 18821: 18813: 18805: 18797: 18789: 18781: 18773: 18765: 18757: 18749: 18741: 18733: 18725: 18717: 18709: 18701: 18693: 18685: 18677: 18669: 18661: 18653: 18645: 18637: 18635:W. E. B. Du Bois 18629: 18627:Archibald Grimké 18621: 18613: 18605: 18597: 18574: 18567: 18560: 18551: 18550: 18537: 18536: 18535: 18499:Lynching victims 17998:Louisiana Creole 17969:American English 17857:Louisiana Creole 17830:Choctaw freedmen 17668: 17667: 17205:Huddie Ledbetter 17145:Fannie Lou Hamer 17115:W. E. B. Du Bois 17105:Claudette Colvin 17100:Shirley Chisholm 16917:Family structure 16785:Military history 16667:Browder v. Gayle 16540: 16533: 16526: 16517: 16516: 16504: 16503: 16467:Charles M. Payne 16452:Steven F. Lawson 16442:David Halberstam 16412:Clayborne Carson 16153:Hocutt v. Wilson 16100:W. E. B. Du Bois 15949:Sammy Younge Jr. 15934:Q. V. Williamson 15899:Wyatt Tee Walker 15764:Bernice Robinson 15709:Lincoln Ragsdale 15699:Rodney N. Powell 15594:Douglas E. Moore 15469:Sanford R. Leigh 15404:J. Charles Jones 15279:Fannie Lou Hamer 15194:Joseph Ellwanger 15154:Jonathan Daniels 15144:Claudette Colvin 15134:Annie Lee Cooper 15119:Kathleen Cleaver 15114:Eldridge Cleaver 15089:Shirley Chisholm 14979:Gloria Blackwell 14570:workers' murders 14517:"I Have a Dream" 14412:Anniston bombing 14363:Greenville Eight 14278:Little Rock Nine 14241:Browder v. Gayle 14129: 14128: 14104: 14097: 14090: 14081: 14080: 14031:William A. Marra 14024:Herbert G. Lewin 13743: 13742: 13568: 13567: 13563:Democratic Party 13441: 13440: 13436:Republican Party 13411: 13404: 13397: 13388: 13387: 13129:Other candidates 13016: 13015: 12902: 12901: 12897:Democratic Party 12810: 12809: 12805:Republican Party 12780: 12773: 12766: 12757: 12756: 12727: 12689: 12682: 12675: 12666: 12665: 12653: 12652: 12589: 12563: 12562: 12544:In Black America 12527: 12445: 12444: 12433: 12432: 12423: 12402: 12374: 12373: 12361: 12355: 12354: 12346: 12340: 12339: 12337: 12335: 12315: 12309: 12308: 12306: 12304: 12282: 12276: 12275: 12270:. Archived from 12257: 12251: 12232: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12221: 12195: 12189: 12188: 12186: 12184: 12167: 12156: 12155: 12136: 12130: 12129: 12112: 12106: 12105: 12098: 12092: 12091: 12084: 12078: 12077: 12076:on May 18, 2023. 12066: 12060: 12059: 12052: 12046: 12045: 12034: 12028: 12027: 12020: 12014: 12013: 12002: 11996: 11995: 11984: 11978: 11977: 11970: 11964: 11963: 11955: 11949: 11948: 11936: 11930: 11929: 11920:Mullan, Shelia. 11917: 11911: 11910: 11903: 11897: 11896: 11891:. The Advocate. 11884: 11878: 11877: 11869: 11863: 11862: 11855: 11849: 11848: 11841: 11835: 11834: 11832: 11830: 11815: 11809: 11808: 11806: 11804: 11789: 11783: 11782: 11780: 11778: 11757: 11751: 11750: 11748: 11746: 11737:. Archived from 11724: 11718: 11717: 11715: 11713: 11698: 11692: 11691: 11680: 11674: 11673: 11666: 11660: 11659: 11657: 11655: 11644: 11638: 11637: 11635: 11633: 11624:. Archived from 11613: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11602: 11587: 11581: 11580: 11573: 11567: 11566: 11554: 11548: 11547: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11505: 11499: 11498: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11469: 11463: 11462: 11450: 11444: 11443: 11441: 11439: 11434:on March 6, 2012 11430:. Archived from 11410: 11402: 11400: 11398: 11388: 11382: 11381: 11379: 11377: 11368:. Archived from 11358: 11352: 11351: 11349: 11347: 11338:. Archived from 11328: 11322: 11321: 11319: 11317: 11300: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11289: 11282:Benedict College 11274: 11268: 11267: 11266:. July 19, 2021. 11256: 11250: 11249: 11236: 11230: 11229: 11227: 11225: 11210: 11204: 11203: 11201: 11199: 11182: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11171: 11159: 11153: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11133: 11127: 11126: 11125:. June 26, 1999. 11115: 11109: 11097: 11091: 11090: 11088: 11086: 11063: 11057: 11056: 11054: 11052: 11037: 11031: 11030: 11028: 11026: 11007: 11001: 11000: 10998: 10996: 10982: 10976: 10975: 10973: 10971: 10957: 10951: 10948: 10942: 10941: 10940:. July 14, 2023. 10928: 10915: 10914: 10913:. July 15, 2023. 10901: 10892: 10891: 10877: 10871: 10870: 10869:. March 5, 2023. 10857: 10851: 10850: 10842: 10836: 10830: 10824: 10823: 10812: 10806: 10805: 10798: 10792: 10791: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10769: 10763: 10762: 10760: 10758: 10741: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10730: 10713: 10707: 10706: 10701:Davis, Tyler J. 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10651: 10645: 10644: 10637: 10631: 10630: 10622: 10616: 10615: 10607: 10601: 10600: 10593: 10587: 10586: 10576: 10570: 10569: 10567: 10565: 10544: 10538: 10537: 10535: 10533: 10516: 10510: 10509: 10502: 10496: 10495: 10493: 10491: 10479: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10468: 10456: 10450: 10449: 10447: 10445: 10423: 10415: 10409: 10408: 10397: 10391: 10390: 10388: 10386: 10371: 10365: 10364: 10357: 10351: 10350: 10342: 10336: 10335: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10313: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10302: 10286: 10280: 10279: 10272: 10266: 10265: 10258: 10252: 10251: 10244: 10238: 10237: 10235: 10233: 10226:Associated Press 10216: 10210: 10209: 10202: 10196: 10195: 10183: 10177: 10176: 10174: 10172: 10157: 10151: 10150: 10148: 10146: 10130: 10124: 10123: 10112: 10106: 10105: 10103: 10101: 10086: 10080: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10065: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10013: 10007: 10006: 10005:. April 3, 2018. 9995: 9989: 9988: 9981: 9975: 9974: 9966: 9960: 9959: 9951: 9945: 9944: 9937: 9931: 9930: 9923: 9917: 9916: 9909: 9903: 9902: 9891: 9885: 9884: 9870: 9864: 9863: 9849: 9843: 9842: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9821: 9815: 9814: 9807: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9779: 9773: 9772: 9761: 9755: 9754: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9734:. June 26, 2015. 9722: 9716: 9715: 9701: 9695: 9694: 9680: 9674: 9673: 9666: 9660: 9659: 9652: 9646: 9645: 9643: 9641: 9626: 9620: 9619: 9612: 9606: 9605: 9598: 9592: 9591: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9570: 9564: 9563: 9561: 9559: 9539: 9533: 9532: 9524: 9518: 9517: 9515: 9513: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9481: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9440: 9434: 9433: 9425: 9419: 9418: 9411: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9400: 9385: 9376: 9375: 9368: 9362: 9361: 9353: 9347: 9346: 9339: 9333: 9327: 9321: 9320: 9313: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9302: 9295:World Television 9287: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9276: 9259: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9233: 9224: 9223: 9209: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9183: 9177: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9157: 9151: 9150: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9126: 9124: 9107: 9101: 9100: 9098: 9096: 9076: 9070: 9069: 9057: 9051: 9050: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9023: 9017: 9016: 9015:. July 27, 2004. 9003: 8997: 8996: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8977: 8972:on June 29, 2011 8968:. Archived from 8965:CommonDreams.org 8955: 8949: 8948: 8935: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8907: 8901: 8900: 8893: 8887: 8886: 8879: 8873: 8872: 8870: 8868: 8847: 8841: 8840: 8838: 8836: 8814: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8775: 8764: 8763: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8740:. March 30, 2005 8730: 8724: 8723: 8716: 8710: 8709: 8702: 8696: 8695: 8688: 8682: 8681: 8679: 8677: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8652: 8650: 8631: 8625: 8624: 8617: 8611: 8610: 8598: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8587: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8557: 8541: 8535: 8534: 8523: 8517: 8516: 8509: 8503: 8502: 8494: 8488: 8487: 8480: 8474: 8473: 8466: 8460: 8459: 8447: 8441: 8440: 8428: 8422: 8421: 8409: 8403: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8361: 8355: 8354: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8329: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8303: 8297: 8296: 8289: 8283: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8256: 8250: 8249: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8227: 8221: 8220: 8208: 8202: 8186: 8180: 8179: 8178:. July 14, 1992. 8168: 8162: 8161: 8148: 8142: 8141: 8129: 8123: 8122: 8108: 8102: 8101: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8068: 8062: 8061: 8060:. April 5, 1990. 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8022: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8008: 7991: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7945: 7939: 7938: 7927: 7921: 7920: 7908: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7875: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7864: 7849: 7843: 7842: 7834: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7818:on April 2, 2012 7804: 7798: 7797: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7762: 7756: 7755: 7743: 7734: 7724: 7715: 7714: 7712: 7710: 7686: 7684: 7682: 7662: 7656: 7655: 7643: 7637: 7636: 7628: 7622: 7621: 7609: 7603: 7602: 7601:. July 15, 1988. 7589: 7583: 7582: 7581:. July 13, 1988. 7569: 7563: 7562: 7557:Gerstel, Steve. 7554: 7548: 7547: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7525:. April 3, 1988. 7513: 7507: 7506: 7492: 7486: 7485: 7478: 7472: 7471: 7459: 7453: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7429: 7423: 7422: 7410: 7404: 7403: 7389: 7383: 7382: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7333: 7327: 7326: 7314: 7308: 7307: 7300: 7294: 7293: 7291: 7289: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7251: 7245: 7244: 7231: 7225: 7224: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7180: 7174: 7173: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7138: 7132: 7131: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7079: 7073: 7072: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7042: 7036: 7035: 7021: 7015: 7014: 7001: 6995: 6994: 6982: 6976: 6975: 6961: 6955: 6954: 6942: 6936: 6935: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6909: 6903: 6902: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6748: 6742: 6741: 6740:. June 26, 1988. 6728: 6722: 6721: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6689: 6683: 6682: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6650: 6644: 6643: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6615: 6609: 6608: 6597: 6591: 6590: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6564: 6558: 6557: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6527: 6521: 6520: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6493: 6487: 6486: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6452: 6446: 6445: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6422: 6416: 6415: 6401: 6395: 6394: 6382: 6376: 6375: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6348: 6342: 6341: 6333: 6327: 6326: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6279: 6273: 6272: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6238: 6232: 6231: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6197:. July 18, 1984. 6185: 6179: 6178: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6156:. July 12, 1984. 6146: 6140: 6139: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6046: 6040: 6039: 6026: 6020: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6010:on April 8, 2008 6006:. Archived from 5995: 5989: 5988: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5967:. July 10, 1984. 5955: 5949: 5948: 5937: 5931: 5930: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5822: 5816: 5815: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5745: 5739: 5738: 5725: 5719: 5718: 5706: 5700: 5699: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5676: 5670: 5669: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5640: 5634: 5633: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5588: 5582: 5581: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5526: 5520: 5519: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5350: 5344: 5343: 5332: 5326: 5325: 5307: 5301: 5300: 5288: 5282: 5281: 5274: 5268: 5267: 5260: 5254: 5253: 5251: 5249: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5196: 5190: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5167: 5161: 5160: 5159:. June 27, 1983. 5147: 5141: 5140: 5129: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5107: 5101: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5065:. Archived from 5055: 5049: 5048: 5040: 5034: 5033: 5029:Business Insider 5019: 5013: 5012: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4940: 4934: 4933: 4919: 4910: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4800:. Archived from 4785: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4738:. Archived from 4728: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4700: 4694: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4542: 4527: 4526: 4524: 4522: 4503: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4464: 4458: 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4416: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4367:. April 19, 1971 4355: 4346: 4345: 4343: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4288: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4245: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4214:on June 11, 2008 4210:. Archived from 4197: 4191: 4190: 4188: 4186: 4181:on July 10, 2012 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4143: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4130: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4089: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4034: 4023: 4021: 4006: 3995: 3994: 3988: 3984: 3982: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3941: 3926: 3915: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3893: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3834: 3821: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3773: 3755: 3705:. Following the 3515:The Independents 3494:Jackson married 3473:Benedict College 3433:Amon N'Douffou V 2945: 2938: 2829: 2827:delegate voting 2822: 2652: 2646: 2537: 2535:delegate voting 2530: 2384: 2378: 2333:Child Tax Credit 2158:Colin Kaepernick 2123:birther movement 2119:Philando Castile 2040:Robert McCulloch 1979:George Zimmerman 1856:Michael Richards 1776:not to negotiate 1572:Lincoln Memorial 1451:Dobbs v. Jackson 1425:right to privacy 1373:in Seattle, 1990 1263:Mayor of Chicago 1240:(left) during a 1029:Mayor of Atlanta 1017:Shirley Chisholm 920:Millard Fillmore 881:Northern Ireland 831:Kenyan President 798:Syrian President 738:Greenville Eight 672: 669: 651: 644: 613:Richard J. Daley 531: 509: 437: 434: 376:Republican Party 297:Jonathan Jackson 266:Baptist minister 233: 176: 174: 164:Jacqueline Brown 143: 136: 132: 130: 114:Personal details 100: 92:Seat established 88: 79: 51: 32: 31: 21059: 21058: 21054: 21053: 21052: 21050: 21049: 21048: 20834: 20833: 20832: 20827: 20826: 20821: 20806:Gabrielle Union 20778: 20713: 20690:Soledad O'Brien 20684:Susan L. Taylor 20672:Serena Williams 20644: 20602: 20578:Ella Fitzgerald 20566: 20561: 20531: 20526: 20512: 20500: 20488: 20474: 20463: 20449: 20437: 20423: 20411: 20397: 20385: 20379:Stephen Colbert 20371: 20361:Society's Child 20359: 20347: 20333: 20322: 20310: 20304:Blair Underwood 20284: 20270: 20244: 20230: 20216: 20202: 20188: 20176: 20162: 20151: 20139: 20125: 20113: 20107:Hillary Clinton 20099: 20085: 20071: 20057: 20045: 20031: 20017: 20006: 19994: 19982: 19968: 19942:Jerry Lee Lewis 19932: 19918: 19906: 19892: 19882: 19871:Donovan's Brain 19868: 19854: 19843: 19831: 19817: 19803: 19779: 19765: 19749: 19735: 19723: 19709: 19697: 19686: 19670: 19660:Lonesome Cities 19658: 19652:Everett Dirksen 19646: 19634: 19622: 19608: 19594: 19582: 19568: 19560: 19549: 19535: 19523: 19512: 19507: 19477: 19472: 19464: 19456: 19448: 19443:Patrick Gaspard 19440: 19432: 19424: 19416: 19408: 19400: 19392: 19387:Harry Belafonte 19384: 19376: 19368: 19360: 19352: 19344: 19336: 19328: 19320: 19312: 19304: 19296: 19288: 19280: 19272: 19264: 19256: 19248: 19240: 19232: 19224: 19216: 19208: 19200: 19192: 19184: 19176: 19164: 19156: 19148: 19140: 19132: 19124: 19112: 19104: 19092: 19084: 19076: 19068: 19060: 19052: 19044: 19036: 19028: 19023:Sammy Davis Jr. 19020: 19012: 19007:John H. Johnson 19004: 18996: 18988: 18980: 18972: 18964: 18959:Langston Hughes 18956: 18948: 18936: 18928: 18923:Jackie Robinson 18920: 18912: 18904: 18896: 18888: 18880: 18872: 18864: 18856: 18848: 18840: 18832: 18827:Charles R. Drew 18824: 18816: 18808: 18800: 18795:Louis T. 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New York City 10131: 10127: 10114: 10113: 10109: 10099: 10097: 10087: 10083: 10073: 10071: 10063: 10059: 10058: 10054: 10044: 10042: 10028: 10024: 10015: 10014: 10010: 9997: 9996: 9992: 9983: 9982: 9978: 9973:. Detroit News. 9967: 9963: 9952: 9948: 9939: 9938: 9934: 9925: 9924: 9920: 9911: 9910: 9906: 9893: 9892: 9888: 9871: 9867: 9850: 9846: 9837: 9836: 9832: 9823: 9822: 9818: 9809: 9808: 9804: 9794: 9792: 9780: 9776: 9763: 9762: 9758: 9743: 9739: 9724: 9723: 9719: 9702: 9698: 9681: 9677: 9668: 9667: 9663: 9654: 9653: 9649: 9639: 9637: 9627: 9623: 9614: 9613: 9609: 9600: 9599: 9595: 9586: 9585: 9581: 9572: 9571: 9567: 9557: 9555: 9540: 9536: 9525: 9521: 9511: 9509: 9496: 9492: 9483: 9482: 9478: 9468: 9466: 9456: 9452: 9441: 9437: 9426: 9422: 9413: 9412: 9408: 9398: 9396: 9386: 9379: 9370: 9369: 9365: 9354: 9350: 9341: 9340: 9336: 9328: 9324: 9315: 9314: 9310: 9300: 9298: 9289: 9288: 9284: 9274: 9272: 9260: 9256: 9246: 9244: 9235: 9234: 9227: 9210: 9206: 9196: 9194: 9185: 9184: 9180: 9170: 9168: 9158: 9154: 9137: 9136: 9132: 9122: 9120: 9109: 9108: 9104: 9094: 9092: 9091:on May 26, 2007 9077: 9073: 9058: 9054: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9025: 9024: 9020: 9005: 9004: 9000: 8989: 8985: 8975: 8973: 8956: 8952: 8937: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8908: 8904: 8895: 8894: 8890: 8881: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8864: 8849: 8848: 8844: 8834: 8832: 8815: 8804: 8794: 8792: 8777: 8776: 8767: 8758: 8757: 8753: 8743: 8741: 8732: 8731: 8727: 8718: 8717: 8713: 8704: 8703: 8699: 8690: 8689: 8685: 8675: 8673: 8662: 8658: 8648: 8646: 8645:on July 6, 2010 8633: 8632: 8628: 8619: 8618: 8614: 8599: 8595: 8585: 8583: 8570: 8569: 8565: 8555: 8553: 8542: 8538: 8525: 8524: 8520: 8511: 8510: 8506: 8495: 8491: 8482: 8481: 8477: 8468: 8467: 8463: 8448: 8444: 8429: 8425: 8410: 8406: 8396: 8394: 8389: 8388: 8384: 8374: 8372: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8349: 8348: 8344: 8337:Washington Post 8331: 8330: 8326: 8316: 8314: 8305: 8304: 8300: 8291: 8290: 8286: 8278: 8274: 8257: 8253: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8228: 8224: 8209: 8205: 8198:The Daily Beast 8187: 8183: 8176:Washington Post 8170: 8169: 8165: 8160:. May 19, 1992. 8150: 8149: 8145: 8130: 8126: 8109: 8105: 8090: 8086: 8069: 8065: 8052: 8051: 8047: 8037: 8035: 8023: 8016: 8006: 8004: 7992: 7988: 7978: 7976: 7966: 7962: 7947: 7946: 7942: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7909: 7905: 7895: 7893: 7876: 7872: 7862: 7860: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7835: 7831: 7821: 7819: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7782: 7781: 7777: 7770:Washington Post 7764: 7763: 7759: 7744: 7737: 7725: 7718: 7708: 7706: 7704:Chicago Tribune 7687: 7680: 7678: 7676:Chicago Tribune 7663: 7659: 7652:Washington Post 7644: 7640: 7629: 7625: 7618:Washington Post 7610: 7606: 7591: 7590: 7586: 7571: 7570: 7566: 7555: 7551: 7534: 7530: 7515: 7514: 7510: 7493: 7489: 7480: 7479: 7475: 7468:Washington Post 7460: 7456: 7450:Keep Hope Alive 7448: 7444: 7437:Washington Post 7431: 7430: 7426: 7419:Washington Post 7411: 7407: 7390: 7386: 7369: 7365: 7356: 7355: 7351: 7334: 7330: 7323:Washington Post 7317:Kurtz, Howard. 7315: 7311: 7302: 7301: 7297: 7287: 7285: 7270: 7266: 7259:Washington Post 7253: 7252: 7248: 7233: 7232: 7228: 7217: 7213: 7196: 7192: 7181: 7177: 7160: 7156: 7139: 7135: 7118: 7114: 7107:Washington Post 7099: 7095: 7080: 7076: 7069:Washington Post 7063: 7062: 7058: 7051:Washington Post 7043: 7039: 7022: 7018: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6991:Washington Post 6983: 6979: 6962: 6958: 6951:Washington Post 6943: 6939: 6925: 6921: 6910: 6906: 6889: 6885: 6878:Washington Post 6870: 6866: 6849: 6845: 6838:Washington Post 6830: 6826: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6785: 6781: 6776:. June 3, 1988. 6768: 6767: 6763: 6758:. June 3, 1988. 6756:Washington Post 6750: 6749: 6745: 6730: 6729: 6725: 6720:. May 24, 1988. 6710: 6709: 6705: 6698:Washington Post 6690: 6686: 6669: 6665: 6658:Washington Post 6652: 6651: 6647: 6638: 6637: 6633: 6616: 6612: 6599: 6598: 6594: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6573:Washington Post 6565: 6561: 6546: 6542: 6535:Washington Post 6529: 6528: 6524: 6513: 6509: 6502:Washington Post 6494: 6490: 6477: 6476: 6472: 6454: 6453: 6449: 6438: 6434: 6423: 6419: 6402: 6398: 6391:Washington Post 6383: 6379: 6368: 6364: 6357:Washington Post 6349: 6345: 6334: 6330: 6313: 6309: 6298: 6294: 6287:Washington Post 6281: 6280: 6276: 6259: 6255: 6240: 6239: 6235: 6228:Washington Post 6222: 6221: 6217: 6206: 6202: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6165: 6161: 6154:Washington Post 6148: 6147: 6143: 6126: 6122: 6105: 6101: 6086: 6082: 6065: 6061: 6056:. June 7, 1984. 6054:Washington Post 6048: 6047: 6043: 6038:. June 6, 1984. 6028: 6027: 6023: 6013: 6011: 5996: 5992: 5976: 5972: 5957: 5956: 5952: 5945:Washington Post 5939: 5938: 5934: 5927:Washington Post 5921: 5920: 5916: 5899: 5895: 5888:Washington Post 5882: 5881: 5877: 5870:Washington Post 5864: 5863: 5859: 5848: 5844: 5823: 5819: 5802: 5798: 5781: 5777: 5766: 5762: 5747: 5746: 5742: 5727: 5726: 5722: 5715:Washington Post 5707: 5703: 5692: 5688: 5677: 5673: 5656: 5652: 5641: 5637: 5622: 5618: 5611:Washington Post 5604: 5600: 5589: 5585: 5578:Washington Post 5570: 5566: 5546: 5542: 5535:Washington Post 5527: 5523: 5508: 5504: 5493: 5489: 5480: 5479: 5475: 5468:Washington Post 5460: 5456: 5445: 5441: 5434:Washington Post 5428: 5427: 5423: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5386: 5382: 5365: 5361: 5352: 5351: 5347: 5340:Washington Post 5334: 5333: 5329: 5308: 5304: 5297:Washington Post 5289: 5285: 5276: 5275: 5271: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5247: 5245: 5236: 5235: 5231: 5216: 5212: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5184: 5169: 5168: 5164: 5149: 5148: 5144: 5139:. May 25, 1983. 5137:Washington Post 5131: 5130: 5126: 5116: 5114: 5109: 5108: 5104: 5094: 5092: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5057: 5056: 5052: 5041: 5037: 5020: 5016: 5005: 5001: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4960: 4959: 4955: 4942: 4941: 4937: 4920: 4913: 4903: 4901: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4845: 4841: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4786: 4782: 4772: 4770: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4742:on June 8, 2011 4730: 4729: 4725: 4715: 4713: 4701: 4697: 4687: 4685: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4645: 4641: 4626: 4622: 4607: 4603: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4572: 4571: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4543: 4530: 4520: 4518: 4505: 4504: 4491: 4481: 4479: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4418: 4417: 4410: 4400: 4398: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4370: 4368: 4357: 4356: 4349: 4339: 4337: 4330: 4324: 4311: 4301: 4299: 4289: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4246: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4198: 4194: 4184: 4182: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4145: 4144: 4137: 4128: 4126: 4119:"Jesse Jackson" 4115: 4111: 4104: 4090: 4083: 4073: 4071: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4035: 4026: 4010:"Jesse Jackson" 4008: 4007: 3998: 3986: 3985: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3966: 3953: 3949: 3939: 3937: 3928: 3927: 3918: 3908: 3906: 3894: 3859: 3849: 3847: 3835: 3824: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3788: 3784: 3771: 3769: 3757: 3756: 3747: 3743: 3724:I Am – Somebody 3719: 3658:Louis Farrakhan 3645:Washington Post 3636: 3604: 3569:Michael Jackson 3557:Elijah Cummings 3549:Aretha Franklin 3508:Jonathan Luther 3481: 3459:Emmanuel Macron 3455:Legion of Honor 3429:Michael Jackson 3359:Jefferson Award 3347: 3178:Milton Francis 3068:Marc Humphries 2844:Michael Dukakis 2799:James Traficant 2773:Lyndon LaRouche 2667:Michael Dukakis 2608:George McGovern 2518:Ernest Hollings 2479:Lyndon LaRouche 2455:George McGovern 2377: 2363:Brandon Johnson 2242: 2211:Rod Blagojevich 2195:Jussie Smollett 2163:Hurricane Maria 2099:Hillary Clinton 2089:Jackson at the 2083: 2001:and called for 1928: 1910:Representative 1845:Duke University 1799:Yale University 1708:West Palm Beach 1661: 1636:Monica Lewinsky 1465: 1460: 1402:T. R. M. Howard 1380: 1253:announced that 1210: 1204: 1149: 1119:Hubert Humphrey 1090:Barbara Walters 1036:Mayor of Newark 1032:Maynard Jackson 987:Jackson in 1983 981: 975: 967: 924:Franklin Pierce 834:Daniel arap Moi 786: 764:, the widow of 749:Greenville News 740: 734: 714:August Busch IV 673: 667: 664: 657:needs expansion 642: 589:Ralph Abernathy 577:T. R. M. Howard 548: 543: 542: 541: 540: 539: 538:, January 1975. 532: 523: 522: 521: 510: 499: 435: 384: 350:shadow delegate 331:Michael Dukakis 264:, and ordained 213: 178: 175: 1962) 170: 166: 148:Political party 138: 137: 134: 133:October 8, 1941 128: 126: 125: 124: 98: 86: 80: 75: 66: 54: 53:Jackson in 2013 42: 39: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 21057: 21047: 21046: 21041: 21036: 21031: 21026: 21021: 21016: 21011: 21006: 21001: 20996: 20991: 20986: 20981: 20976: 20971: 20966: 20961: 20956: 20951: 20946: 20941: 20936: 20931: 20926: 20921: 20916: 20911: 20906: 20901: 20896: 20891: 20886: 20881: 20876: 20871: 20866: 20861: 20856: 20851: 20846: 20829: 20828: 20823: 20822: 20820: 20819: 20813: 20803: 20793: 20786: 20784: 20780: 20779: 20777: 20776: 20770: 20764: 20758: 20752: 20746: 20740: 20734: 20728: 20721: 20719: 20715: 20714: 20712: 20711: 20705: 20699: 20693: 20687: 20681: 20675: 20665: 20659: 20652: 20650: 20646: 20645: 20643: 20642: 20632: 20626: 20620: 20614: 20610: 20608: 20604: 20603: 20601: 20600: 20593: 20587: 20581: 20574: 20572: 20568: 20567: 20560: 20559: 20552: 20545: 20537: 20528: 20527: 20525: 20524: 20520:Michelle Obama 20510: 20498: 20486: 20471: 20469: 20465: 20464: 20462: 20461: 20457:Michelle Obama 20447: 20435: 20421: 20409: 20395: 20383: 20369: 20357: 20345: 20330: 20328: 20324: 20323: 20321: 20320: 20316:Michael J. Fox 20308: 20282: 20268: 20242: 20228: 20214: 20200: 20186: 20174: 20170:Sidney Poitier 20159: 20157: 20153: 20152: 20150: 20149: 20137: 20123: 20119:Charles Kuralt 20111: 20097: 20083: 20074:Get in the Van 20069: 20055: 20043: 20029: 20014: 20012: 20008: 20007: 20005: 20004: 19992: 19980: 19966: 19930: 19916: 19904: 19890: 19880: 19866: 19851: 19849: 19845: 19844: 19842: 19841: 19829: 19815: 19801: 19777: 19773:James Whitmore 19763: 19747: 19743:Richard Harris 19733: 19721: 19707: 19694: 19692: 19688: 19687: 19685: 19684: 19676:Art Linkletter 19668: 19656: 19644: 19632: 19620: 19606: 19592: 19580: 19571:Humor in Music 19566: 19557: 19555: 19551: 19550: 19548: 19547: 19533: 19520: 19518: 19514: 19513: 19506: 19505: 19498: 19491: 19483: 19474: 19473: 19471: 19470: 19462: 19454: 19446: 19438: 19430: 19422: 19414: 19411:Sidney Poitier 19406: 19398: 19390: 19382: 19374: 19366: 19358: 19350: 19342: 19334: 19326: 19318: 19310: 19302: 19294: 19286: 19278: 19270: 19262: 19254: 19246: 19238: 19235:Dorothy Height 19230: 19227:Barbara Jordan 19222: 19214: 19211:Douglas Wilder 19206: 19198: 19190: 19182: 19179:Benjamin Hooks 19174: 19162: 19154: 19146: 19138: 19130: 19122: 19110: 19102: 19090: 19082: 19074: 19066: 19058: 19050: 19042: 19039:Jacob Lawrence 19034: 19026: 19018: 19010: 19002: 18999:Leontyne Price 18994: 18986: 18978: 18970: 18962: 18954: 18951:Duke Ellington 18946: 18934: 18926: 18918: 18915:Carl J. Murphy 18910: 18902: 18894: 18891:Harry T. Moore 18886: 18878: 18870: 18862: 18854: 18846: 18838: 18830: 18822: 18814: 18806: 18803:Richard Wright 18798: 18790: 18782: 18774: 18766: 18758: 18750: 18742: 18734: 18726: 18718: 18710: 18702: 18694: 18686: 18678: 18670: 18662: 18654: 18646: 18638: 18630: 18622: 18614: 18611:Harry Burleigh 18606: 18598: 18589: 18586: 18585: 18581:Spingarn Medal 18577: 18576: 18569: 18562: 18554: 18545: 18544: 18542: 18541: 18529: 18523: 18520: 18519: 18517: 18516: 18511: 18506: 18501: 18496: 18491: 18486: 18481: 18480: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18459: 18458: 18457: 18452: 18450:Visual artists 18447: 18442: 18437: 18432: 18427: 18422: 18417: 18412: 18410:Mathematicians 18407: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18387: 18382: 18371: 18369: 18365: 18364: 18362: 18361: 18360: 18359: 18351: 18346: 18345: 18344: 18339: 18334: 18329: 18324: 18316: 18315: 18314: 18309: 18304: 18299: 18288: 18286: 18280: 18279: 18277: 18276: 18271: 18266: 18261: 18260: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18234: 18229: 18227:South Carolina 18224: 18219: 18218: 18217: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18197:North Carolina 18194: 18193: 18192: 18182: 18177: 18176: 18175: 18165: 18160: 18159: 18158: 18150: 18149: 18148: 18142:Massachusetts 18140: 18139: 18138: 18128: 18123: 18122: 18121: 18111: 18106: 18105: 18104: 18094: 18089: 18088: 18087: 18077: 18072: 18071: 18070: 18060: 18059: 18058: 18053: 18043: 18038: 18037: 18036: 18031: 18021: 18016: 18010: 18008: 18004: 18003: 18001: 18000: 17995: 17990: 17989: 17988: 17987: 17986: 17984:social context 17981: 17971: 17961: 17960: 17959: 17949: 17943: 17941: 17937: 17936: 17934: 17933: 17932: 17931: 17926: 17916: 17911: 17910: 17909: 17904: 17894: 17893: 17892: 17881: 17879: 17875: 17874: 17872: 17871: 17866: 17865: 17864: 17854: 17849: 17844: 17839: 17838: 17837: 17835:Creek Freedmen 17832: 17827: 17822: 17812: 17810:Alabama Creole 17807: 17806: 17805: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17781: 17779: 17775: 17774: 17771: 17770: 17768: 17767: 17762: 17757: 17752: 17750:Central (CIAA) 17746: 17744: 17739: 17736: 17735: 17733: 17732: 17727: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17677: 17671: 17665: 17661: 17660: 17658: 17657: 17652: 17647: 17642: 17637: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17617: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17586: 17584: 17579: 17576: 17575: 17573: 17572: 17567: 17566: 17565: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17543:Pan-Africanism 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17524: 17523: 17513: 17508: 17502: 17500: 17496: 17495: 17493: 17492: 17487: 17485:Black theology 17482: 17477: 17476: 17475: 17465: 17464: 17463: 17458: 17448: 17442: 17440: 17434: 17433: 17431: 17430: 17429: 17428: 17426:in STEM fields 17423: 17418: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17395: 17390: 17384: 17382: 17381:and technology 17376: 17375: 17373: 17372: 17367: 17362: 17357: 17352: 17347: 17342: 17337: 17332: 17327: 17322: 17320:Harriet Tubman 17317: 17312: 17307: 17302: 17297: 17292: 17287: 17282: 17277: 17272: 17267: 17262: 17257: 17252: 17250:Michelle Obama 17247: 17242: 17237: 17232: 17227: 17222: 17217: 17212: 17207: 17202: 17197: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17180:Barbara Jordan 17177: 17175:Harriet Jacobs 17172: 17167: 17162: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17132: 17127: 17122: 17117: 17112: 17107: 17102: 17097: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17067: 17065:Amelia Boynton 17062: 17057: 17052: 17047: 17042: 17037: 17031: 17029: 17028:Notable people 17025: 17024: 17022: 17021: 17016: 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16971: 16966: 16964:LGBT community 16961: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16945: 16944: 16934: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16888: 16886: 16880: 16879: 16877: 16876: 16871: 16866: 16861: 16860: 16859: 16849: 16844: 16839: 16834: 16829: 16824: 16816: 16811: 16804: 16797: 16792: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16763: 16758: 16757: 16756: 16751: 16741: 16736: 16731: 16726: 16718: 16713: 16708: 16707: 16706: 16701: 16696: 16691: 16686: 16681: 16679:Freedom Riders 16676: 16671: 16663: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16642: 16641: 16636: 16631: 16623: 16618: 16610: 16605: 16603:Black genocide 16600: 16595: 16590: 16585: 16580: 16575: 16570: 16565: 16559: 16557: 16551: 16550: 16543: 16542: 16535: 16528: 16520: 16511: 16510: 16496: 16493: 16492: 16490: 16489: 16484: 16482:Akinyele Umoja 16479: 16474: 16469: 16464: 16459: 16454: 16449: 16444: 16439: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16403: 16401: 16395: 16394: 16392: 16391: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16371: 16370: 16369: 16359: 16354: 16349: 16344: 16339: 16334: 16329: 16324: 16319: 16314: 16309: 16303: 16301: 16297: 16296: 16294: 16293: 16286: 16281: 16276: 16271: 16270: 16269: 16257: 16252: 16247: 16242: 16237: 16232: 16227: 16222: 16217: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16170: 16163: 16156: 16149: 16142: 16141: 16140: 16128: 16123: 16117: 16115: 16111: 16110: 16108: 16107: 16102: 16097: 16092: 16085: 16084: 16083: 16078: 16071:Mahatma Gandhi 16068: 16063: 16062: 16061: 16050: 16048: 16044: 16043: 16041: 16040: 16035: 16030: 16025: 16020: 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15994: 15992: 15986: 15985: 15983: 15982: 15980:South Carolina 15977: 15971: 15969: 15965: 15964: 15962: 15961: 15956: 15951: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15926: 15921: 15919:Hosea Williams 15916: 15911: 15906: 15904:Hollis Watkins 15901: 15896: 15891: 15886: 15881: 15876: 15871: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15836: 15834:A. Maceo Smith 15831: 15826: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15784:Bernie Sanders 15781: 15776: 15774:Angela Russell 15771: 15766: 15761: 15759:David Richmond 15756: 15751: 15749:Walter Reuther 15746: 15741: 15736: 15734:Cordell Reagon 15731: 15726: 15721: 15719:George Raymond 15716: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15686: 15681: 15679:Charles Person 15676: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15649:Huey P. Newton 15646: 15641: 15636: 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15611: 15606: 15604:Harry T. Moore 15601: 15596: 15591: 15589:Cecil B. Moore 15586: 15581: 15576: 15571: 15569:James Meredith 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15541: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15521: 15516: 15511: 15506: 15501: 15496: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15466: 15461: 15456: 15451: 15446: 15441: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15399:Clarence Jones 15396: 15391: 15386: 15381: 15376: 15371: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15346: 15341: 15339:Zilphia Horton 15336: 15331: 15326: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15309:Lola Hendricks 15306: 15301: 15299:Dorothy Height 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15269:Lawrence Guyot 15266: 15261: 15259:Jack Greenberg 15256: 15251: 15246: 15244:Andrew Goodman 15241: 15236: 15231: 15226: 15221: 15216: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15169:Joseph DeLaine 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15139:Dorothy Cotton 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15084:J. L. Chestnut 15081: 15076: 15071: 15066: 15061: 15056: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15019:Amelia Boynton 15016: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14939:Arnold Aronson 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14900: 14898: 14894: 14893: 14891: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14855: 14850: 14845: 14840: 14835: 14830: 14825: 14820: 14819: 14818: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14783: 14778: 14773: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14757: 14756: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14708: 14706: 14700: 14699: 14696: 14695: 14693: 14692: 14685: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14667: 14666: 14661: 14651: 14646: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14617: 14612: 14611: 14610: 14598: 14593: 14586: 14579: 14574: 14573: 14572: 14565:Freedom Summer 14562: 14557: 14555:Bloody Tuesday 14552: 14547: 14541: 14539: 14535: 14534: 14532: 14531: 14526: 14525: 14524: 14519: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14498: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14472: 14471: 14470: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14421: 14420: 14419: 14414: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14382: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14324: 14322: 14318: 14317: 14315: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14288: 14287: 14275: 14270: 14269: 14268: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14245: 14244: 14232: 14227: 14220: 14219: 14218: 14211: 14204: 14197: 14182: 14180: 14176: 14175: 14173: 14172: 14167: 14159: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14135: 14133: 14126: 14116: 14115: 14107: 14106: 14099: 14092: 14084: 14075: 14074: 14072: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14052: 14049: 14048: 14045: 14044: 14042: 14041: 14034: 14027: 14020: 14013: 14005: 14003: 13994: 13993: 13991: 13990: 13987:Gloria La Riva 13982: 13976: 13974: 13968: 13967: 13965: 13964: 13956: 13947: 13945: 13939: 13938: 13936: 13935: 13932:Ron Ehrenreich 13927: 13918: 13916: 13910: 13909: 13907: 13906: 13897: 13895: 13889: 13888: 13886: 13885: 13877: 13868: 13866: 13860: 13859: 13857: 13856: 13847: 13845: 13843:Populist Party 13839: 13838: 13836: 13835: 13826: 13824: 13818: 13817: 13815: 13814: 13809: 13801: 13793: 13792: 13791: 13786: 13773: 13767: 13765: 13759: 13758: 13739: 13738: 13735: 13734: 13732: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13710: 13709: 13704: 13694: 13693: 13692: 13682: 13677: 13676: 13675: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13654: 13653: 13648: 13638: 13633: 13624: 13623: 13615: 13614: 13613: 13599: 13597: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13589: 13588: 13587: 13577: 13571: 13565: 13559: 13558: 13555: 13554: 13552: 13551: 13549:Harold Stassen 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13519:Alexander Haig 13516: 13511: 13506: 13497: 13496: 13488: 13487: 13486: 13472: 13470: 13466: 13465: 13463: 13462: 13461: 13460: 13450: 13444: 13438: 13432: 13431: 13414: 13413: 13406: 13399: 13391: 13382: 13381: 13379: 13378: 13373: 13368: 13363: 13359: 13356: 13355: 13352: 13351: 13349: 13348: 13347: 13346: 13342:running mate: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13321: 13319: 13312: 13311: 13309: 13308: 13305:Gloria La Riva 13301: 13298: 13291: 13288: 13283: 13279: 13277: 13271: 13270: 13268: 13267: 13260: 13257: 13250: 13246: 13244: 13238: 13237: 13235: 13234: 13231:Richard Walton 13227: 13224: 13217: 13213: 13211: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13201: 13194: 13191: 13184: 13180: 13178: 13172: 13171: 13169: 13168: 13161: 13157: 13155: 13149: 13148: 13146: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13126: 13125: 13118: 13115: 13112:David Bergland 13108: 13104: 13102: 13096: 13095: 13093: 13092: 13085: 13082: 13075: 13071: 13069: 13063: 13062: 13060: 13059: 13056:Richard Walton 13052: 13049: 13042: 13038: 13036: 13034:Citizens Party 13030: 13029: 13012: 13011: 13008: 13007: 13005: 13004: 12999: 12998: 12997: 12987: 12985:Fritz Hollings 12982: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12958: 12957: 12949: 12948: 12947: 12939:Walter Mondale 12933: 12931: 12927: 12926: 12924: 12923: 12922: 12921: 12911: 12905: 12899: 12893: 12892: 12889: 12888: 12886: 12885: 12883:Harold Stassen 12880: 12871: 12870: 12862: 12861: 12860: 12855: 12841: 12839: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12831: 12830: 12829: 12819: 12813: 12807: 12801: 12800: 12783: 12782: 12775: 12768: 12760: 12751: 12750: 12748: 12747: 12742: 12736: 12734: 12730: 12729: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12717: 12712: 12706: 12704: 12700: 12699: 12692: 12691: 12684: 12677: 12669: 12663: 12660: 12659: 12648: 12647: 12642: 12639: 12623: 12617: 12616: 12610: 12609: 12604: 12601: 12574: 12568: 12567: 12561: 12560: 12536: 12533:Democracy Now! 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12505:at BrainyQuote 12500: 12495: 12490: 12481: 12472: 12460: 12459: 12438: 12437: 12430: 12429:External links 12427: 12426: 12425: 12419: 12404: 12398: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12375: 12356: 12341: 12310: 12277: 12252: 12227: 12213: 12190: 12157: 12131: 12107: 12093: 12079: 12061: 12047: 12029: 12015: 11997: 11979: 11965: 11950: 11931: 11912: 11898: 11879: 11864: 11850: 11836: 11810: 11784: 11752: 11719: 11693: 11675: 11661: 11639: 11608: 11582: 11568: 11549: 11535: 11517: 11500: 11482: 11464: 11445: 11427:978-0615632957 11426: 11383: 11353: 11323: 11295: 11284:. May 12, 2022 11269: 11251: 11231: 11205: 11177: 11154: 11128: 11110: 11092: 11058: 11032: 11002: 10977: 10952: 10943: 10916: 10910:Deutsche Welle 10893: 10872: 10852: 10837: 10825: 10807: 10793: 10778: 10764: 10736: 10708: 10693: 10660: 10646: 10632: 10617: 10602: 10588: 10571: 10547:Holder, Josh; 10539: 10511: 10497: 10474: 10451: 10410: 10392: 10366: 10352: 10337: 10322: 10308: 10281: 10267: 10253: 10239: 10211: 10197: 10178: 10152: 10125: 10107: 10081: 10052: 10022: 10008: 9990: 9976: 9961: 9946: 9932: 9918: 9904: 9886: 9865: 9844: 9830: 9816: 9802: 9774: 9756: 9737: 9717: 9696: 9675: 9661: 9647: 9621: 9607: 9593: 9579: 9576:. History.com. 9565: 9534: 9519: 9490: 9476: 9450: 9435: 9420: 9406: 9377: 9363: 9348: 9334: 9322: 9308: 9282: 9254: 9243:. July 9, 2008 9225: 9204: 9178: 9152: 9130: 9102: 9071: 9052: 9038: 9018: 8998: 8983: 8950: 8930: 8902: 8888: 8874: 8842: 8802: 8765: 8751: 8725: 8711: 8697: 8683: 8656: 8626: 8612: 8593: 8563: 8536: 8518: 8504: 8489: 8475: 8461: 8442: 8423: 8404: 8382: 8356: 8342: 8324: 8298: 8284: 8272: 8251: 8237: 8222: 8203: 8189:Beinart, Peter 8181: 8163: 8143: 8124: 8103: 8084: 8063: 8045: 8014: 7986: 7960: 7940: 7922: 7903: 7870: 7859:. May 16, 2021 7844: 7829: 7799: 7775: 7757: 7735: 7716: 7690:life in prison 7657: 7638: 7631:Santos, Lori. 7623: 7604: 7584: 7564: 7549: 7528: 7508: 7487: 7473: 7454: 7442: 7424: 7405: 7384: 7363: 7349: 7328: 7309: 7295: 7264: 7246: 7226: 7211: 7190: 7175: 7154: 7133: 7112: 7093: 7074: 7056: 7037: 7016: 6996: 6977: 6956: 6937: 6919: 6904: 6883: 6864: 6843: 6824: 6800: 6779: 6761: 6743: 6723: 6703: 6684: 6663: 6645: 6631: 6610: 6592: 6578: 6559: 6540: 6522: 6507: 6488: 6470: 6447: 6432: 6417: 6396: 6377: 6362: 6343: 6328: 6307: 6292: 6274: 6253: 6233: 6215: 6200: 6180: 6159: 6141: 6120: 6099: 6080: 6059: 6041: 6021: 5990: 5979:Williams, Juan 5970: 5950: 5932: 5914: 5893: 5875: 5857: 5842: 5817: 5796: 5775: 5760: 5740: 5720: 5701: 5686: 5671: 5650: 5635: 5616: 5598: 5583: 5564: 5540: 5521: 5502: 5487: 5473: 5454: 5439: 5421: 5401: 5380: 5359: 5345: 5327: 5302: 5283: 5269: 5255: 5229: 5210: 5191: 5182: 5162: 5142: 5124: 5102: 5080: 5050: 5035: 5014: 4999: 4981: 4967: 4953: 4935: 4911: 4880: 4866: 4848:Wilson, Joseph 4839: 4815: 4780: 4765:New York Times 4753: 4723: 4695: 4667: 4654:Salisbury Post 4639: 4620: 4601: 4583: 4565: 4528: 4489: 4459: 4441: 4408: 4378: 4347: 4309: 4274: 4260: 4225: 4192: 4166: 4135: 4109: 4102: 4081: 4055: 4024: 3996: 3947: 3916: 3857: 3822: 3809: 3802: 3782: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3718: 3715: 3711:Bernie Sanders 3690:New York Times 3635: 3632: 3623:Tucker Carlson 3603: 3600: 3592:rehabilitation 3545:Bernie Sanders 3480: 3477: 3374:Spingarn Medal 3351:Ebony Magazine 3346: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3330: 3327: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3297: 3294: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3243: 3240: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3196:Joan Gillison 3194: 3189: 3186: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3171: 3168: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3153: 3150: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3132: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3109:Jesse Jackson 3106: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3018: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3000: 2993: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2977:Jesse Jackson 2974: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2949: 2935: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2896: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2819: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2808: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2782: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2765: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2719: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2623: 2617: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2574: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2552:Walter Mondale 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2527: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2497: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2484: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2464: 2463: 2460: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2408: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2399:Walter Mondale 2395: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2376: 2373: 2254:South Carolina 2241: 2238: 2141:Miami, Florida 2115:Alton Sterling 2103:Bernie Sanders 2082: 2079: 2019:George W. Bush 2015:Charlie Strong 1973:Following the 1927: 1924: 1811:anti-war rally 1809:Jackson at an 1681:George W. Bush 1660: 1657: 1621:Ruth Messinger 1583:Henry Cisneros 1525:New York Times 1487:shadow senator 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1409:Hyde Amendment 1379: 1376: 1371:Goodwill Games 1342:New York Times 1222:George Wallace 1206:Main article: 1203: 1200: 1180:Charles Rangel 1148: 1145: 1107:New York Times 1074:Fritz Hollings 1065:, to Mondale. 1047:Walter Mondale 993:Reconstruction 977:Main article: 974: 971: 966: 963: 935:United Kingdom 928:James Buchanan 820:Saddam Hussein 801:Hafez al-Assad 794:Robert Goodman 785: 782: 753:day after the 736:Main article: 733: 730: 710:Anheuser-Busch 675: 674: 654: 652: 641: 638: 547: 544: 533: 526: 525: 524: 511: 504: 503: 502: 501: 500: 498: 495: 418:earned letters 383: 380: 316:Walter Mondale 239: 238: 235: 234: 227: 223: 222: 203: 199: 198: 184: 180: 179: 168: 162: 161: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 122: 120: 116: 115: 111: 110: 107: 106: 101: 95: 94: 89: 83: 82: 72: 71: 60: 59: 56: 55: 52: 44: 43: 40: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 21056: 21045: 21042: 21040: 21037: 21035: 21032: 21030: 21027: 21025: 21022: 21020: 21017: 21015: 21012: 21010: 21007: 21005: 21002: 21000: 20997: 20995: 20992: 20990: 20987: 20985: 20982: 20980: 20977: 20975: 20972: 20970: 20967: 20965: 20962: 20960: 20959:Living people 20957: 20955: 20952: 20950: 20947: 20945: 20942: 20940: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20930: 20927: 20925: 20922: 20920: 20917: 20915: 20912: 20910: 20907: 20905: 20902: 20900: 20897: 20895: 20892: 20890: 20887: 20885: 20882: 20880: 20877: 20875: 20872: 20870: 20867: 20865: 20862: 20860: 20857: 20855: 20852: 20850: 20847: 20845: 20844:Jesse Jackson 20842: 20841: 20839: 20817: 20814: 20811: 20807: 20804: 20801: 20797: 20794: 20791: 20788: 20787: 20785: 20781: 20774: 20771: 20768: 20765: 20762: 20759: 20756: 20753: 20750: 20747: 20744: 20741: 20738: 20735: 20732: 20729: 20726: 20723: 20722: 20720: 20716: 20709: 20706: 20703: 20700: 20697: 20694: 20691: 20688: 20685: 20682: 20679: 20676: 20673: 20669: 20666: 20663: 20660: 20657: 20654: 20653: 20651: 20647: 20640: 20636: 20633: 20630: 20627: 20624: 20623:Alexis Herman 20621: 20618: 20617:Bryant Gumbel 20615: 20612: 20611: 20609: 20605: 20598: 20594: 20591: 20588: 20585: 20582: 20579: 20576: 20575: 20573: 20569: 20565: 20558: 20553: 20551: 20546: 20544: 20539: 20538: 20535: 20521: 20517: 20516: 20511: 20507: 20503: 20499: 20495: 20491: 20487: 20483: 20482:Rachel Maddow 20479: 20478: 20473: 20472: 20470: 20466: 20458: 20454: 20453: 20448: 20444: 20440: 20436: 20432: 20431:Carrie Fisher 20428: 20427: 20422: 20418: 20417:Carol Burnett 20414: 20410: 20406: 20402: 20401: 20396: 20392: 20388: 20384: 20380: 20376: 20375: 20370: 20366: 20362: 20358: 20354: 20350: 20346: 20342: 20338: 20337: 20332: 20331: 20329: 20325: 20317: 20313: 20309: 20305: 20301: 20300:Cynthia Nixon 20297: 20293: 20289: 20288: 20283: 20279: 20275: 20274: 20269: 20265: 20261: 20257: 20253: 20249: 20248: 20243: 20239: 20235: 20234: 20229: 20225: 20221: 20220: 20215: 20211: 20207: 20206: 20201: 20197: 20193: 20192: 20187: 20183: 20179: 20175: 20171: 20167: 20166: 20161: 20160: 20158: 20154: 20146: 20142: 20138: 20134: 20130: 20129: 20124: 20120: 20116: 20112: 20108: 20104: 20103: 20098: 20094: 20090: 20089: 20084: 20080: 20079:Henry Rollins 20076: 20075: 20070: 20066: 20062: 20061: 20056: 20052: 20048: 20044: 20040: 20036: 20035: 20034:The Civil War 20030: 20026: 20022: 20021: 20016: 20015: 20013: 20009: 20001: 19997: 19993: 19989: 19988:Jesse Jackson 19985: 19981: 19977: 19973: 19972: 19967: 19963: 19959: 19955: 19951: 19947: 19943: 19939: 19935: 19931: 19927: 19926:Mike Berniker 19923: 19922: 19917: 19913: 19909: 19905: 19901: 19897: 19896: 19891: 19887: 19886: 19881: 19877: 19873: 19872: 19867: 19863: 19859: 19858: 19853: 19852: 19850: 19846: 19838: 19834: 19830: 19826: 19822: 19821: 19816: 19812: 19808: 19807: 19802: 19798: 19794: 19790: 19786: 19782: 19778: 19774: 19770: 19769: 19764: 19760: 19756: 19752: 19748: 19744: 19740: 19739: 19734: 19730: 19729:Bruce Botnick 19726: 19722: 19718: 19714: 19713: 19708: 19704: 19700: 19696: 19695: 19693: 19689: 19681: 19677: 19673: 19669: 19665: 19661: 19657: 19653: 19649: 19645: 19641: 19637: 19633: 19629: 19625: 19621: 19617: 19616: 19611: 19607: 19603: 19599: 19598: 19593: 19589: 19585: 19581: 19577: 19573: 19572: 19567: 19563: 19559: 19558: 19556: 19552: 19544: 19543:Carl Sandburg 19540: 19539: 19534: 19530: 19526: 19522: 19521: 19519: 19515: 19511: 19504: 19499: 19497: 19492: 19490: 19485: 19484: 19481: 19468: 19463: 19460: 19455: 19452: 19447: 19444: 19439: 19436: 19431: 19428: 19423: 19420: 19415: 19412: 19407: 19404: 19399: 19396: 19395:Jessye Norman 19391: 19388: 19383: 19380: 19375: 19372: 19367: 19364: 19359: 19356: 19351: 19348: 19343: 19340: 19335: 19332: 19327: 19324: 19319: 19316: 19311: 19308: 19303: 19300: 19299:Vernon Jordan 19295: 19292: 19291:Oprah Winfrey 19287: 19284: 19279: 19276: 19271: 19268: 19263: 19260: 19255: 19252: 19247: 19244: 19239: 19236: 19231: 19228: 19223: 19220: 19215: 19212: 19207: 19204: 19203:Jesse Jackson 19199: 19196: 19191: 19188: 19183: 19180: 19175: 19172: 19168: 19163: 19160: 19155: 19152: 19147: 19144: 19139: 19136: 19135:Coleman Young 19131: 19128: 19127:Rayford Logan 19123: 19120: 19116: 19111: 19108: 19103: 19100: 19096: 19091: 19088: 19083: 19080: 19075: 19072: 19067: 19064: 19059: 19056: 19051: 19048: 19047:Leon Sullivan 19043: 19040: 19035: 19032: 19027: 19024: 19019: 19016: 19015:Edward Brooke 19011: 19008: 19003: 19000: 18995: 18992: 18987: 18984: 18979: 18976: 18971: 18968: 18963: 18960: 18955: 18952: 18947: 18944: 18940: 18935: 18932: 18927: 18924: 18919: 18916: 18911: 18908: 18903: 18900: 18895: 18892: 18887: 18884: 18879: 18876: 18871: 18868: 18863: 18860: 18855: 18852: 18847: 18844: 18839: 18836: 18831: 18828: 18823: 18820: 18815: 18812: 18807: 18804: 18799: 18796: 18791: 18788: 18783: 18780: 18775: 18772: 18767: 18764: 18759: 18756: 18751: 18748: 18743: 18740: 18735: 18732: 18727: 18724: 18719: 18716: 18715:Henry A. Hunt 18711: 18708: 18703: 18700: 18695: 18692: 18687: 18684: 18679: 18676: 18671: 18668: 18663: 18660: 18655: 18652: 18647: 18644: 18639: 18636: 18631: 18628: 18623: 18620: 18615: 18612: 18607: 18604: 18603:Charles Young 18599: 18596: 18591: 18590: 18587: 18582: 18575: 18570: 18568: 18563: 18561: 18556: 18555: 18552: 18540: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18524: 18521: 18515: 18512: 18510: 18509:Neighborhoods 18507: 18505: 18502: 18500: 18497: 18495: 18492: 18490: 18487: 18485: 18482: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18472:Sports firsts 18470: 18468: 18465: 18464: 18463: 18460: 18456: 18453: 18451: 18448: 18446: 18443: 18441: 18438: 18436: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18426: 18423: 18421: 18418: 18416: 18413: 18411: 18408: 18406: 18403: 18401: 18398: 18396: 18393: 18391: 18388: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18377: 18376: 18373: 18372: 18370: 18366: 18358: 18355: 18354: 18352: 18350: 18347: 18343: 18340: 18338: 18335: 18333: 18330: 18328: 18325: 18323: 18320: 18319: 18317: 18313: 18310: 18308: 18305: 18303: 18300: 18298: 18295: 18294: 18293: 18290: 18289: 18287: 18285: 18281: 18275: 18274:West Virginia 18272: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18239: 18238: 18235: 18233: 18230: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18216: 18213: 18212: 18211:Pennsylvania 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18191: 18190:New York City 18188: 18187: 18186: 18183: 18181: 18178: 18174: 18171: 18170: 18169: 18166: 18164: 18161: 18157: 18154: 18153: 18151: 18147: 18144: 18143: 18141: 18137: 18134: 18133: 18132: 18129: 18127: 18124: 18120: 18117: 18116: 18115: 18112: 18110: 18107: 18103: 18100: 18099: 18098: 18095: 18093: 18090: 18086: 18083: 18082: 18081: 18078: 18076: 18073: 18069: 18066: 18065: 18064: 18061: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18048: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18035: 18034:San Francisco 18032: 18030: 18027: 18026: 18025: 18022: 18020: 18017: 18015: 18012: 18011: 18009: 18007:By state/city 18005: 17999: 17996: 17994: 17991: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17976: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17966: 17965: 17962: 17958: 17955: 17954: 17953: 17952:American Sign 17950: 17948: 17945: 17944: 17942: 17938: 17930: 17927: 17925: 17922: 17921: 17920: 17917: 17915: 17912: 17908: 17905: 17903: 17900: 17899: 17898: 17895: 17891: 17888: 17887: 17886: 17885:Neighborhoods 17883: 17882: 17880: 17876: 17870: 17867: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17858: 17855: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17845: 17843: 17840: 17836: 17833: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17817: 17816: 17815:Black Indians 17813: 17811: 17808: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17785: 17783: 17782: 17780: 17776: 17766: 17763: 17761: 17758: 17756: 17753: 17751: 17748: 17747: 17745: 17737: 17731: 17728: 17726: 17723: 17721: 17718: 17716: 17713: 17711: 17708: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17683: 17681: 17678: 17676: 17673: 17672: 17669: 17666: 17662: 17656: 17653: 17651: 17648: 17646: 17643: 17641: 17638: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17587: 17585: 17577: 17571: 17568: 17564: 17561: 17560: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17522: 17519: 17518: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17503: 17501: 17497: 17491: 17488: 17486: 17483: 17481: 17478: 17474: 17471: 17470: 17469: 17466: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17453: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17443: 17441: 17439: 17435: 17427: 17424: 17422: 17419: 17417: 17414: 17413: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17393:Black schools 17391: 17389: 17388:Black studies 17386: 17385: 17383: 17377: 17371: 17370:Whitney Young 17368: 17366: 17363: 17361: 17360:Oprah Winfrey 17358: 17356: 17353: 17351: 17348: 17346: 17343: 17341: 17338: 17336: 17333: 17331: 17330:Denmark Vesey 17328: 17326: 17323: 17321: 17318: 17316: 17313: 17311: 17308: 17306: 17303: 17301: 17298: 17296: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17286: 17283: 17281: 17278: 17276: 17275:Joseph Rainey 17273: 17271: 17268: 17266: 17263: 17261: 17258: 17256: 17253: 17251: 17248: 17246: 17243: 17241: 17238: 17236: 17233: 17231: 17230:Toni Morrison 17228: 17226: 17223: 17221: 17218: 17216: 17215:Joseph Lowery 17213: 17211: 17208: 17206: 17203: 17201: 17198: 17196: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17178: 17176: 17173: 17171: 17168: 17166: 17163: 17161: 17160:Jesse Jackson 17158: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17150:Kamala Harris 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17135:Marcus Garvey 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17111: 17108: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17098: 17096: 17093: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17085:Blanche Bruce 17083: 17081: 17080:Edward Brooke 17078: 17076: 17073: 17071: 17070:James Bradley 17068: 17066: 17063: 17061: 17058: 17056: 17053: 17051: 17050:James Baldwin 17048: 17046: 17043: 17041: 17038: 17036: 17033: 17032: 17030: 17026: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16994:Neighborhoods 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16965: 16962: 16960: 16957: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16943: 16940: 16939: 16938: 16935: 16933: 16930: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16889: 16887: 16885: 16881: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16858: 16855: 16854: 16853: 16850: 16848: 16847:Silent Parade 16845: 16843: 16840: 16838: 16835: 16833: 16830: 16828: 16825: 16822: 16821: 16817: 16815: 16812: 16810: 16809: 16805: 16803: 16802: 16798: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16775:Jim Crow laws 16773: 16771: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16755: 16752: 16750: 16747: 16746: 16745: 16742: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16724: 16723: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16712: 16709: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16692: 16690: 16687: 16685: 16682: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16669: 16668: 16664: 16662: 16659: 16658: 16657: 16654: 16652: 16649: 16647: 16644: 16640: 16637: 16635: 16632: 16630: 16627: 16626: 16624: 16622: 16619: 16616: 16615: 16611: 16609: 16606: 16604: 16601: 16599: 16598:Black cowboys 16596: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16586: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16560: 16558: 16556: 16552: 16548: 16541: 16536: 16534: 16529: 16527: 16522: 16521: 16518: 16508: 16507: 16502: 16494: 16488: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16477:Timothy Tyson 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16463: 16460: 16458: 16455: 16453: 16450: 16448: 16445: 16443: 16440: 16438: 16435: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16407:Taylor Branch 16405: 16404: 16402: 16396: 16390: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16375: 16372: 16368: 16365: 16364: 16363: 16360: 16358: 16355: 16353: 16350: 16348: 16345: 16343: 16340: 16338: 16335: 16333: 16330: 16328: 16325: 16323: 16320: 16318: 16315: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16304: 16302: 16298: 16292: 16291: 16287: 16285: 16282: 16280: 16277: 16275: 16272: 16267: 16263: 16262: 16261: 16258: 16256: 16255:Freedom songs 16253: 16251: 16248: 16246: 16243: 16241: 16238: 16236: 16233: 16231: 16228: 16226: 16223: 16221: 16218: 16216: 16213: 16211: 16208: 16206: 16203: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16175: 16171: 16169: 16168: 16164: 16162: 16161: 16157: 16155: 16154: 16150: 16148: 16147: 16143: 16139: 16136: 16135: 16134: 16133: 16129: 16127: 16124: 16122: 16121:Jim Crow laws 16119: 16118: 16116: 16112: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16096: 16093: 16091: 16090: 16086: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16073: 16072: 16069: 16067: 16064: 16060: 16057: 16056: 16055: 16052: 16051: 16049: 16045: 16039: 16036: 16034: 16031: 16029: 16026: 16024: 16021: 16019: 16018:"Oh, Freedom" 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15995: 15993: 15987: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15972: 15970: 15966: 15960: 15957: 15955: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15944:Whitney Young 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15925: 15924:Kale Williams 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15884:Albert Turner 15882: 15880: 15877: 15875: 15874:A. P. Tureaud 15872: 15870: 15867: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15779:Bayard Rustin 15777: 15775: 15772: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15745: 15742: 15740: 15737: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15715: 15712: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15640: 15637: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15629:William Moyer 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15617: 15615: 15612: 15610: 15607: 15605: 15602: 15600: 15597: 15595: 15592: 15590: 15587: 15585: 15582: 15580: 15577: 15575: 15572: 15570: 15567: 15565: 15564:Joseph McNeil 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15549:Charles McDew 15547: 15545: 15542: 15540: 15539:Benjamin Mays 15537: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15525: 15524:Vivian Malone 15522: 15520: 15517: 15515: 15512: 15510: 15507: 15505: 15502: 15500: 15499:Joseph Lowery 15497: 15495: 15492: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15465: 15462: 15460: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15450: 15447: 15445: 15442: 15440: 15437: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15425: 15424:Clyde Kennard 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15414:Vernon Jordan 15412: 15410: 15409:Matthew Jones 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15382: 15380: 15377: 15375: 15374:T. J. Jemison 15372: 15370: 15367: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15359:Jesse Jackson 15357: 15355: 15352: 15350: 15347: 15345: 15342: 15340: 15337: 15335: 15332: 15330: 15327: 15325: 15322: 15320: 15317: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15249:Robert Graetz 15247: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15239:Golden Frinks 15237: 15235: 15232: 15230: 15227: 15225: 15222: 15220: 15217: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15199:Charles Evers 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15149:Vernon Dahmer 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15104:Septima Clark 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15075: 15072: 15070: 15067: 15065: 15062: 15060: 15057: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15024:Bruce Boynton 15022: 15020: 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14949:James Baldwin 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 14930: 14927: 14925: 14922: 14920: 14919:Mathew Ahmann 14917: 14915: 14912: 14910: 14907: 14905: 14902: 14901: 14899: 14895: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14851: 14849: 14846: 14844: 14841: 14839: 14836: 14834: 14831: 14829: 14826: 14824: 14821: 14817: 14816:Youth Council 14814: 14813: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14782: 14779: 14777: 14774: 14772: 14769: 14767: 14764: 14762: 14759: 14755: 14754: 14750: 14749: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14709: 14707: 14701: 14691: 14690: 14686: 14684: 14683: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14665: 14662: 14660: 14657: 14656: 14655: 14652: 14650: 14647: 14645: 14644: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14622: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14608: 14604: 14603: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14591: 14587: 14585: 14584: 14580: 14578: 14575: 14571: 14568: 14567: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14542: 14540: 14536: 14530: 14527: 14523: 14520: 14518: 14515: 14514: 14513: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14477: 14476: 14473: 14469: 14466: 14465: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14448: 14444: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14426: 14422: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14409: 14408: 14407:Freedom Rides 14405: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14387: 14383: 14381: 14380: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14325: 14323: 14319: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14286: 14285: 14281: 14280: 14279: 14276: 14274: 14271: 14266: 14262: 14261: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14243: 14242: 14238: 14237: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14225: 14221: 14217: 14216: 14212: 14210: 14209: 14205: 14203: 14202: 14198: 14196: 14195: 14191: 14190: 14189: 14188: 14184: 14183: 14181: 14177: 14171: 14168: 14165: 14164: 14160: 14157: 14156: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14136: 14134: 14132:Prior to 1954 14130: 14127: 14124: 14117: 14112: 14105: 14100: 14098: 14093: 14091: 14086: 14085: 14082: 14070: 14069:Gubernatorial 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14054: 14053: 14050: 14040: 14039: 14035: 14033: 14032: 14028: 14026: 14025: 14021: 14019: 14018: 14014: 14012: 14011: 14007: 14006: 14004: 14002: 14000: 13995: 13989: 13988: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13977: 13975: 13973: 13969: 13963: 13962: 13957: 13955: 13954: 13949: 13948: 13946: 13944: 13940: 13934: 13933: 13928: 13926: 13925: 13924:Willa Kenoyer 13920: 13919: 13917: 13915: 13911: 13905: 13904: 13899: 13898: 13896: 13894: 13890: 13884: 13883: 13882:George Ormsby 13878: 13876: 13875: 13870: 13869: 13867: 13865: 13861: 13855: 13854: 13849: 13848: 13846: 13844: 13840: 13834: 13833: 13832:Lenora Fulani 13828: 13827: 13825: 13823: 13819: 13813: 13812:Russell Means 13810: 13808: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13799: 13794: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13781: 13780: 13779: 13774: 13772: 13769: 13768: 13766: 13764: 13760: 13756: 13753: 13749: 13744: 13740: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13708: 13705: 13703: 13700: 13699: 13698: 13695: 13691: 13688: 13687: 13686: 13685:Jesse Jackson 13683: 13681: 13678: 13674: 13671: 13670: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13663:Dick Gephardt 13661: 13659: 13656: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13636:Bruce Babbitt 13634: 13632: 13629: 13626: 13625: 13622: 13621: 13620:Lloyd Bentsen 13616: 13612: 13609: 13608: 13607: 13606: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13586: 13583: 13582: 13581: 13578: 13576: 13573: 13572: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13560: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13539:Pat Robertson 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13514:Ben Fernandez 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13499: 13498: 13495: 13494: 13489: 13485: 13482: 13481: 13480: 13479: 13474: 13473: 13471: 13467: 13459: 13456: 13455: 13454: 13451: 13449: 13446: 13445: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13433: 13428: 13424: 13420: 13412: 13407: 13405: 13400: 13398: 13393: 13392: 13389: 13377: 13376:Gubernatorial 13374: 13372: 13369: 13367: 13364: 13361: 13360: 13357: 13345: 13341: 13340: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13323: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13313: 13307: 13306: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13296: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13276: 13272: 13266: 13265: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13255: 13251: 13248: 13247: 13245: 13243: 13239: 13233: 13232: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13222: 13221:Sonia Johnson 13218: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13210: 13206: 13200: 13199: 13198:Helen Halyard 13195: 13192: 13190: 13189: 13185: 13182: 13181: 13179: 13177: 13173: 13167: 13166: 13162: 13159: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13150: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13124: 13123: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13113: 13109: 13106: 13105: 13103: 13101: 13097: 13091: 13090: 13086: 13083: 13081: 13080: 13076: 13073: 13072: 13070: 13068: 13064: 13058: 13057: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13047: 13046:Sonia Johnson 13043: 13040: 13039: 13037: 13035: 13031: 13026: 13022: 13017: 13013: 13003: 13000: 12996: 12993: 12992: 12991: 12990:Jesse Jackson 12988: 12986: 12983: 12981: 12978: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12970:Alan Cranston 12968: 12966: 12963: 12960: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12950: 12946: 12943: 12942: 12941: 12940: 12935: 12934: 12932: 12928: 12920: 12917: 12916: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12906: 12903: 12900: 12898: 12894: 12884: 12881: 12879: 12878:Ben Fernandez 12876: 12873: 12872: 12869: 12868: 12863: 12859: 12856: 12854: 12851: 12850: 12849: 12848: 12847:Ronald Reagan 12843: 12842: 12840: 12836: 12828: 12825: 12824: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12814: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12802: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12781: 12776: 12774: 12769: 12767: 12762: 12761: 12758: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12737: 12735: 12731: 12726: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12707: 12705: 12701: 12697: 12690: 12685: 12683: 12678: 12676: 12671: 12670: 12667: 12661: 12654: 12645: 12638: 12637: 12629: 12628: 12622: 12618: 12615: 12611: 12607: 12600: 12596: 12594: 12588: 12584: 12580: 12573: 12569: 12564: 12558: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12545: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12534: 12529: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12504: 12501: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12476: 12475:Jesse Jackson 12473: 12471: 12467: 12464: 12463: 12458: 12454: 12453: 12448: 12439: 12434: 12422: 12420:1-56649-186-X 12416: 12412: 12411: 12405: 12401: 12399:0-226-16908-1 12395: 12391: 12390: 12384: 12383: 12371: 12367: 12360: 12352: 12345: 12329: 12325: 12321: 12314: 12298: 12294: 12293: 12288: 12281: 12273: 12269: 12268: 12263: 12256: 12250: 12249: 12244: 12240: 12237: 12231: 12216: 12214:0-465-04195-7 12210: 12206: 12205: 12200: 12194: 12179: 12178: 12173: 12166: 12164: 12162: 12154: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12135: 12128: 12123: 12122: 12117: 12111: 12103: 12097: 12089: 12083: 12075: 12071: 12065: 12057: 12051: 12044: 12039: 12033: 12025: 12019: 12011: 12007: 12001: 11994: 11989: 11983: 11975: 11969: 11961: 11954: 11947: 11942: 11935: 11928: 11923: 11916: 11908: 11902: 11895: 11890: 11883: 11875: 11868: 11860: 11854: 11846: 11840: 11829:September 18, 11825: 11821: 11814: 11799: 11795: 11788: 11772: 11768: 11767: 11762: 11756: 11740: 11736: 11735: 11730: 11723: 11708: 11704: 11697: 11689: 11685: 11679: 11671: 11665: 11649: 11643: 11627: 11623: 11619: 11612: 11596: 11592: 11586: 11578: 11572: 11565: 11560: 11553: 11545: 11539: 11532: 11528: 11521: 11514: 11510: 11504: 11497: 11493: 11486: 11479: 11475: 11468: 11460: 11456: 11449: 11433: 11429: 11423: 11419: 11418: 11408: 11393: 11387: 11371: 11367: 11363: 11357: 11341: 11337: 11333: 11327: 11312: 11311: 11306: 11299: 11283: 11279: 11273: 11265: 11261: 11255: 11247: 11246: 11241: 11235: 11219: 11215: 11209: 11193: 11192: 11187: 11181: 11166:. CBSNews.com 11165: 11158: 11143: 11139: 11132: 11124: 11120: 11114: 11108: 11104: 11101: 11096: 11081: 11077: 11073: 11069: 11062: 11046: 11042: 11036: 11020: 11016: 11012: 11006: 10991: 10990:Our Campaigns 10987: 10981: 10966: 10965:Our Campaigns 10962: 10956: 10947: 10939: 10938: 10933: 10927: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10912: 10911: 10906: 10900: 10898: 10889: 10888: 10883: 10876: 10868: 10867: 10862: 10856: 10848: 10841: 10835: 10829: 10821: 10818: 10811: 10803: 10797: 10789: 10782: 10774: 10768: 10753: 10752: 10747: 10740: 10725: 10724: 10719: 10712: 10704: 10697: 10681: 10677: 10676: 10671: 10664: 10656: 10650: 10642: 10636: 10628: 10621: 10613: 10606: 10598: 10592: 10585: 10581: 10575: 10560: 10559: 10554: 10550: 10549:Gabriel, Trip 10543: 10527: 10526: 10521: 10515: 10507: 10501: 10485: 10478: 10462: 10455: 10439: 10435: 10431: 10427: 10422: 10414: 10406: 10402: 10396: 10381: 10377: 10370: 10362: 10356: 10348: 10341: 10333: 10326: 10318: 10312: 10297: 10296: 10292: 10285: 10277: 10271: 10263: 10257: 10249: 10243: 10228: 10227: 10222: 10215: 10207: 10201: 10193: 10189: 10182: 10167: 10163: 10156: 10140: 10136: 10129: 10121: 10117: 10111: 10096: 10092: 10085: 10069: 10062: 10056: 10041: 10037: 10035: 10026: 10018: 10012: 10004: 10000: 9994: 9986: 9980: 9972: 9965: 9957: 9950: 9942: 9936: 9928: 9922: 9914: 9908: 9900: 9896: 9890: 9882: 9881: 9876: 9869: 9861: 9860: 9855: 9848: 9840: 9834: 9826: 9820: 9812: 9806: 9791: 9790: 9785: 9778: 9770: 9766: 9760: 9752: 9748: 9741: 9733: 9732: 9727: 9721: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9700: 9692: 9691: 9686: 9679: 9671: 9665: 9657: 9651: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9617: 9611: 9603: 9597: 9589: 9583: 9575: 9569: 9553: 9549: 9545: 9538: 9530: 9527:Treen, Dana. 9523: 9507: 9506: 9501: 9494: 9486: 9480: 9469:September 17, 9465: 9461: 9454: 9446: 9439: 9431: 9424: 9416: 9410: 9395: 9391: 9384: 9382: 9373: 9367: 9359: 9352: 9344: 9338: 9331: 9326: 9318: 9312: 9296: 9292: 9286: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9258: 9242: 9238: 9232: 9230: 9221: 9220: 9215: 9208: 9192: 9188: 9182: 9167: 9163: 9156: 9148: 9144: 9140: 9134: 9118: 9117: 9112: 9106: 9090: 9086: 9082: 9075: 9067: 9063: 9056: 9048: 9042: 9034: 9033: 9028: 9022: 9014: 9013: 9008: 9002: 8994: 8987: 8971: 8967: 8966: 8961: 8954: 8946: 8945: 8940: 8934: 8919: 8918: 8913: 8906: 8898: 8892: 8884: 8878: 8862: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8846: 8830: 8826: 8825: 8820: 8813: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8790: 8786: 8785: 8780: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8761: 8755: 8739: 8735: 8729: 8721: 8715: 8707: 8701: 8693: 8687: 8671: 8667: 8660: 8644: 8640: 8636: 8630: 8622: 8616: 8608: 8604: 8597: 8581: 8577: 8573: 8567: 8551: 8547: 8540: 8532: 8528: 8522: 8514: 8508: 8500: 8493: 8485: 8479: 8471: 8465: 8457: 8453: 8446: 8438: 8434: 8427: 8419: 8415: 8408: 8392: 8386: 8370: 8366: 8360: 8352: 8346: 8338: 8334: 8328: 8312: 8308: 8302: 8294: 8288: 8281: 8276: 8268: 8267: 8262: 8255: 8247: 8241: 8233: 8226: 8218: 8214: 8207: 8200: 8199: 8194: 8190: 8185: 8177: 8173: 8167: 8159: 8158: 8153: 8147: 8139: 8135: 8128: 8120: 8119: 8114: 8107: 8099: 8095: 8088: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8067: 8059: 8055: 8049: 8034: 8033: 8028: 8021: 8019: 8003: 8002: 7997: 7990: 7975: 7971: 7964: 7956: 7955: 7950: 7944: 7936: 7932: 7926: 7919:. p. A1. 7918: 7914: 7907: 7891: 7887: 7886: 7881: 7874: 7858: 7854: 7848: 7840: 7833: 7817: 7813: 7809: 7803: 7795: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7779: 7771: 7767: 7761: 7753: 7749: 7742: 7740: 7732: 7728: 7723: 7721: 7705: 7701: 7695: 7691: 7677: 7673: 7667: 7661: 7653: 7649: 7642: 7634: 7627: 7619: 7615: 7608: 7600: 7599: 7594: 7588: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7568: 7560: 7553: 7545: 7544: 7539: 7532: 7524: 7523: 7518: 7512: 7504: 7503: 7498: 7491: 7483: 7477: 7469: 7465: 7458: 7451: 7446: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7420: 7416: 7409: 7401: 7400: 7395: 7388: 7380: 7379: 7374: 7367: 7359: 7353: 7345: 7344: 7339: 7332: 7324: 7320: 7313: 7305: 7299: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7268: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7242: 7241: 7236: 7230: 7222: 7215: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7194: 7186: 7179: 7171: 7170: 7165: 7158: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7137: 7129: 7128: 7123: 7116: 7108: 7104: 7097: 7089: 7085: 7078: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7052: 7048: 7041: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7020: 7012: 7011: 7006: 7000: 6992: 6988: 6981: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6960: 6952: 6948: 6941: 6934: 6930: 6923: 6915: 6908: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6868: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6847: 6839: 6835: 6828: 6821: 6816: 6815: 6810: 6804: 6796: 6795: 6790: 6783: 6775: 6771: 6765: 6757: 6753: 6747: 6739: 6738: 6733: 6727: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6707: 6699: 6695: 6688: 6680: 6679: 6674: 6667: 6659: 6655: 6649: 6641: 6635: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6614: 6606: 6602: 6596: 6588: 6582: 6574: 6570: 6563: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6536: 6532: 6526: 6518: 6511: 6503: 6499: 6492: 6484: 6480: 6474: 6467: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6451: 6443: 6436: 6428: 6421: 6413: 6412: 6407: 6400: 6392: 6388: 6381: 6373: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6347: 6339: 6332: 6324: 6323: 6318: 6311: 6303: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6278: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6257: 6249: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6211: 6204: 6196: 6195: 6190: 6184: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6163: 6155: 6151: 6145: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6124: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6103: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6063: 6055: 6051: 6045: 6037: 6036: 6031: 6025: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5994: 5986: 5985: 5980: 5974: 5966: 5965: 5960: 5954: 5946: 5942: 5936: 5928: 5924: 5918: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5853: 5846: 5839: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5821: 5813: 5812: 5807: 5800: 5792: 5791: 5786: 5779: 5771: 5764: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5744: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5724: 5716: 5712: 5705: 5697: 5690: 5682: 5675: 5667: 5666: 5661: 5654: 5646: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5620: 5612: 5609: 5602: 5594: 5587: 5579: 5575: 5568: 5561: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5544: 5536: 5532: 5525: 5517: 5513: 5506: 5498: 5491: 5483: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5458: 5450: 5443: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5417: 5416: 5411: 5405: 5397: 5396: 5391: 5384: 5376: 5375: 5370: 5363: 5355: 5349: 5341: 5337: 5331: 5324: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5306: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5279: 5273: 5265: 5259: 5243: 5239: 5233: 5225: 5221: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5195: 5186: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5166: 5158: 5157: 5152: 5146: 5138: 5134: 5128: 5112: 5106: 5090: 5084: 5068: 5064: 5060: 5054: 5046: 5039: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5018: 5010: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4977: 4971: 4963: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4939: 4931: 4930: 4925: 4918: 4916: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4892: 4884: 4873:September 24, 4869: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4843: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4819: 4808:September 24, 4803: 4799: 4796:. Frost Inc. 4795: 4791: 4784: 4768: 4766: 4757: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4727: 4712: 4711: 4706: 4699: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4671: 4656: 4655: 4650: 4643: 4635: 4631: 4624: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4587: 4579: 4575: 4569: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4516: 4512: 4511:Time magazine 4508: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4463: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4429: 4425: 4424:Time magazine 4421: 4415: 4413: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4354: 4352: 4336: 4329: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4263: 4261:9780252034206 4257: 4253: 4252: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4213: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4196: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4159:September 30, 4154: 4153: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4129:September 30, 4124: 4120: 4113: 4105: 4103:1-57392-963-8 4099: 4095: 4088: 4086: 4069: 4065: 4059: 4044: 4040: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3992: 3980: 3969:September 30, 3964: 3960: 3959: 3958:Jesse Jackson 3951: 3935: 3931: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3892: 3890: 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3862: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3827: 3819: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3786: 3779: 3772:September 10, 3768: 3764: 3760: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3745: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3720: 3714: 3712: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3699:Joe Lieberman 3696: 3692: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3618: 3616: 3615:Donna Brazile 3612: 3611: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3576: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3565:Maxine Waters 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3490: 3485: 3479:Personal life 3476: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3462: 3460: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3364:In 1988, the 3362: 3360: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3337: 3334: 3329: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3278: 3277: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3259: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3131: 3130: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3098: 3097: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3005: 3001: 2999: 2998: 2994: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2972: 2968: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2913:Lloyd Bentsen 2910: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2900:Dick Gephardt 2897: 2893: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2857:Jesse Jackson 2854: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2830: 2826: 2816: 2813: 2809: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2760:Bruce Babbitt 2757: 2753: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2723:Paul M. Simon 2720: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2710:Dick Gephardt 2707: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2680:Jesse Jackson 2677: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2653: 2650: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2578:Jesse Jackson 2575: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2549: 2538: 2534: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2505:Alan Cranston 2502: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2425:Jesse Jackson 2422: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2396: 2385: 2382: 2372: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2360:Chicago Mayor 2357: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2342: 2341:Bloody Sunday 2338: 2334: 2330: 2327:Ahead of the 2325: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2299:Derek Chauvin 2295: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2284:Jacob Blake's 2281: 2277: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2263: 2255: 2251: 2248:Jackson with 2246: 2237: 2235: 2230: 2229:Paine College 2224: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2130: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2087: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2043: 2041: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2021:in April 2014 2020: 2016: 2013:Jackson with 2011: 2007: 2004: 2000: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1971: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1953: 1952:Wayne Barrett 1948: 1945: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860:Laugh Factory 1857: 1852: 1850: 1846: 1841: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1816: 1813:in 2007 with 1812: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1795: 1793: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1749: 1748:Terri Schiavo 1744: 1740: 1736: 1733: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1665: 1656: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1637: 1632: 1630: 1626: 1625:Rudy Giuliani 1622: 1617: 1614:, denouncing 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1553:1996 election 1550: 1549:Peter Beinart 1546: 1541: 1538: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1474: 1471:Jackson with 1469: 1455: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1326:Lloyd Bentsen 1323: 1317: 1314: 1309: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1292: 1289: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1259: 1256: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1236:(center) and 1235: 1234:Curt Anderson 1230: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1209: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1183: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1144: 1142: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1123: 1120: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1103: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1078:Iowa caucuses 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1055:T. J. Jemison 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1037: 1033: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1009: 1007: 1002: 998: 994: 985: 980: 970: 962: 960: 956: 950: 948: 944: 943:Simon Woolley 941:, a campaign 940: 936: 931: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 904: 903:Pat Robertson 900: 897: 893: 888: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 861: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 832: 829:to meet with 828: 823: 821: 817: 812: 810: 806: 802: 799: 795: 791: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 751: 750: 745: 739: 729: 726: 721: 719: 715: 711: 706: 704: 699: 697: 690: 686: 681: 671: 662: 658: 655:This section 653: 650: 646: 645: 637: 635: 631: 627: 622: 616: 614: 610: 604: 602: 596: 594: 590: 586: 580: 578: 574: 572: 567: 565: 561: 558:organized by 557: 553: 537: 530: 519: 518:John H. White 515: 508: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 470: 467: 466:Harry Edwards 463: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 430: 425: 421: 419: 415: 412: 408: 404: 399: 397: 393: 389: 379: 377: 373: 369: 368: 363: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 339: 334: 332: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 300: 298: 294: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 256: 252: 249: 245: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 211: 207: 204: 200: 197: 193: 189: 186:6, including 185: 181: 165: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 141: 135:(age 82) 121: 117: 112: 108: 105: 102: 96: 93: 90: 84: 78: 73: 70: 65: 61: 57: 50: 45: 41:Jesse Jackson 38: 33: 30: 26: 22: 20790:LeBron James 20761:Danny Glover 20755:Lonnie Bunch 20725:Colin Powell 20702:Muhammad Ali 20656:Bill Clinton 20635:Tavis Smiley 20590:Jheryl Busby 20583: 20513: 20501: 20489: 20475: 20450: 20443:Jimmy Carter 20438: 20424: 20412: 20405:Jimmy Carter 20398: 20386: 20372: 20360: 20348: 20334: 20311: 20296:Beau Bridges 20285: 20278:Barack Obama 20271: 20255: 20252:Jimmy Carter 20245: 20238:Barack Obama 20231: 20224:Bill Clinton 20217: 20203: 20196:Maya Angelou 20189: 20182:Quincy Jones 20177: 20163: 20145:LeVar Burton 20140: 20126: 20114: 20100: 20093:Maya Angelou 20086: 20072: 20065:Maya Angelou 20058: 20046: 20032: 20025:George Burns 20018: 20000:Gilda Radner 19995: 19987: 19983: 19969: 19962:Sam Phillips 19958:Carl Perkins 19950:Ricky Nelson 19933: 19919: 19912:Ben Kingsley 19907: 19893: 19883: 19876:Orson Welles 19869: 19855: 19837:John Gielgud 19832: 19825:Orson Welles 19818: 19811:Julie Harris 19804: 19797:Orson Welles 19780: 19766: 19759:Dudley Moore 19751:Good Evening 19750: 19736: 19724: 19710: 19698: 19671: 19659: 19647: 19635: 19623: 19613: 19609: 19602:Edward Albee 19595: 19583: 19569: 19561: 19536: 19529:Stan Freberg 19524: 19450: 19435:Willie Brown 19426: 19403:Quincy Jones 19371:Cicely Tyson 19347:John Conyers 19243:Maya Angelou 19219:Colin Powell 19202: 19187:Percy Sutton 19158: 19115:Andrew Young 19106: 19078: 19063:Wilson Riles 19055:Gordon Parks 18983:Medgar Evers 18867:Ralph Bunche 18835:Paul Robeson 18778: 18667:Roland Hayes 18425:Sportspeople 18395:Billionaires 18312:Sierra Leone 18215:Philadelphia 18051:Jacksonville 17878:Demographics 17710:Jack Johnson 17700:Muhammad Ali 17533:Conservatism 17468:Black church 17365:Andrew Young 17350:Ida B. Wells 17340:David Walker 17335:C. T. Vivian 17290:Paul Robeson 17285:Hiram Revels 17265:Colin Powell 17245:Barack Obama 17200:James Lawson 17159: 17155:Jimi Hendrix 17125:James Farmer 17120:Medgar Evers 17090:Ralph Bunche 17040:Maya Angelou 17014:Middle class 16892:Afrofuturism 16818: 16806: 16799: 16720: 16665: 16612: 16578:Afrocentrism 16568:Abolitionism 16497: 16437:David Garrow 16417:John Dittmer 16288: 16215:Brown Chapel 16172: 16165: 16158: 16151: 16144: 16130: 16087: 15939:Andrew Young 15894:A. T. Walden 15889:C. T. Vivian 15849:Maxine Smith 15684:Homer Plessy 15664:James Orange 15619:Irene Morgan 15574:William Ming 15554:Ralph McGill 15489:Viola Liuzzo 15474:Jim Letherer 15459:James Lawson 15389:Vernon Johns 15379:Esau Jenkins 15358: 15334:Myles Horton 15284:Fred Hampton 15274:Prathia Hall 15264:Dick Gregory 15234:Marie Foster 15229:James Forman 15219:James Farmer 15204:Medgar Evers 15164:Angela Davis 15099:Ramsey Clark 15079:James Chaney 15074:Johnnie Carr 15054:Ralph Bunche 15049:H. Rap Brown 15039:Ruby Bridges 14999:Joanne Bland 14974:Claude Black 14954:Marion Barry 14924:Muhammad Ali 14751: 14687: 14680: 14641: 14619: 14588: 14581: 14423: 14384: 14377: 14307:Kissing Case 14282: 14239: 14222: 14213: 14206: 14199: 14192: 14185: 14161: 14153: 14055: 14036: 14029: 14022: 14015: 14008: 13999:Independents 13997: 13985:VP nominee: 13984: 13979: 13959:VP nominee: 13958: 13953:James Warren 13950: 13930:VP nominee: 13929: 13921: 13900: 13880:VP nominee: 13879: 13871: 13850: 13829: 13803: 13798:Andre Marrou 13796:VP nominee: 13795: 13775: 13684: 13627: 13618:VP nominee: 13617: 13602: 13509:Pete du Pont 13500: 13491:VP nominee: 13490: 13475: 13427:1992 → 13419:← 1984 13324:Charles Doty 13316:Independents 13303: 13293: 13286:Larry Holmes 13285: 13262: 13252: 13229: 13219: 13196: 13186: 13163: 13138:Earl Ravenal 13120: 13110: 13089:Angela Davis 13087: 13077: 13054: 13044: 12989: 12965:Reubin Askew 12961: 12952:VP nominee: 12951: 12936: 12874: 12864: 12844: 12796:1988 → 12788:← 1980 12739: 12644:Paul Strauss 12634: 12625: 12620: 12606:Paul Strauss 12581:nominee for 12576: 12571: 12542: 12531: 12450: 12409: 12388: 12380:Bibliography 12369: 12359: 12344: 12332:. 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King 15329:James Hood 14944:Ella Baker 14914:Zev Aelony 14010:Jack Herer 14001:and others 13874:Earl Dodge 13853:David Duke 13771:Convention 13755:candidates 13724:Paul Simon 13658:David Duke 13596:Candidates 13575:Convention 13493:Dan Quayle 13469:Candidates 13448:Convention 13300:VP nominee 13259:VP nominee 13226:VP nominee 13193:VP nominee 13165:Earl Dodge 13133:Gene Burns 13117:VP nominee 13084:VP nominee 13051:VP nominee 13027:candidates 12975:John Glenn 12930:Candidates 12909:Convention 12838:Candidates 12817:Convention 12579:Democratic 12220:October 6, 11803:August 29, 11777:August 23, 11766:Al Jazeera 11745:August 23, 11397:October 3, 11316:October 2, 11245:The Herald 11198:August 23, 11147:October 1, 10564:October 9, 9301:August 21, 8923:January 1, 8576:Transcript 8393:. CBS News 8234:. AP News. 8007:January 6, 7979:January 5, 7709:October 5, 7681:October 5, 5117:August 12, 5095:August 12, 5063:Obv.org.uk 4716:August 21, 4558:October 5, 4521:October 5, 4482:October 5, 4434:October 5, 4401:October 6, 4371:October 7, 4340:October 5, 4302:October 5, 4267:October 6, 4218:October 6, 4074:October 1, 4048:October 1, 3940:October 3, 3909:October 1, 3850:October 3, 3741:References 3697:candidate 3654:pejorative 3561:John Lewis 3435:, King of 3333:Democratic 3304:Lee Black 3250:John West 3192:Republican 3174:Republican 3129:Democratic 3103:Democratic 3064:Democratic 3044:Democratic 3024:Democratic 2997:Democratic 2971:Democratic 2956:Candidate 2832:Candidate 2786:David Duke 2748:Unpledged 2727:1,082,960 2714:1,399,041 2701:3,185,806 2671:9,898,750 2655:Candidate 2621:John Glenn 2540:Candidate 2467:Unpledged 2442:John Glenn 2416:6,504,842 2403:6,952,912 2387:Candidate 2322:filibuster 2250:Lisa Ellis 2203:Ilhan Omar 2081:Late 2010s 2065:, Senator 1920:Ron Sparks 1900:Grant Park 1826:John Kerry 1753:After the 1629:Dov Hikind 1590:Janet Reno 1356:R.W. Apple 1215:Des Moines 912:John Adams 854:Macedonian 842:Kosovo War 770:Bob Graham 718:Ron Burkle 262:politician 152:Democratic 129:1941-10-08 20743:Spike Lee 20708:Van Jones 20365:Janis Ian 20039:Ken Burns 19717:Les Crane 18763:John Hope 18504:Monuments 18380:Activists 18232:Tennessee 18152:Michigan 18136:Baltimore 18126:Louisiana 18119:Lexington 18102:Davenport 18041:Cleveland 17940:Languages 17869:Melungeon 17847:Blaxicans 17715:Joe Louis 17570:Socialism 17506:Anarchism 17235:Bob Moses 17220:Malcolm X 17140:Fred Gray 17004:Soul food 16942:New Negro 16927:Folktales 16837:Redlining 16059:Padayatra 16008:"Kumbaya" 15968:By region 15624:Bob Moses 15529:Bob Mants 15514:Malcolm X 15434:C.B. King 15254:Fred Gray 14897:Activists 14538:1964–1968 14321:1960–1963 14179:1954–1959 13951:Nominee: 13922:Nominee: 13901:Nominee: 13872:Nominee: 13851:Nominee: 13830:Nominee: 13807:Jim Lewis 13789:positions 13776:Nominee: 13707:positions 13680:Gary Hart 13651:positions 13641:Joe Biden 13603:Nominee: 13580:Primaries 13524:Jack Kemp 13476:Nominee: 13453:Primaries 13122:Jim Lewis 12980:Gary Hart 12937:Nominee: 12914:Primaries 12858:positions 12822:Primaries 12710:Pendleton 12585:from the 12549:KUT Radio 12468:from the 12248:Salon.com 11622:Salon.com 11218:2015 News 11080:0362-4331 11025:August 5, 10757:April 21, 10729:April 20, 10675:USA Today 10490:April 10, 10467:April 10, 10434:0362-4331 10301:August 4, 9558:March 11, 9512:March 24, 9508:. Reuters 9095:April 11, 8371:. HISTORY 8038:April 25, 4891:Frontline 4850:(2005) . 4829:Frontline 4592:"Jackson" 3989:ignored ( 3979:cite book 3666:synagogue 3504:Jesse Jr. 3437:Krindjabo 2926:Gary Hart 2887:Joe Biden 2736:Gary Hart 2685:6,788,991 2634:Joe Biden 2565:Gary Hart 2430:3,282,431 2412:Gary Hart 2301:murdered 2280:Rand Paul 2067:Tim Scott 2051:Palo Alto 1950:In 2011, 1815:Sean Penn 1545:Third Way 1517:Ron Brown 1313:Wisconsin 1134:together. 1053:chairman 1043:Gary Hart 892:Venezuela 691:, Chicago 601:The Times 479:sociology 320:Gary Hart 226:Signature 202:Education 192:Jesse Jr. 77:In office 67:from the 20696:Ruby Dee 20452:Becoming 20264:Ruby Dee 20128:Still Me 19451:no award 19427:no award 19355:Ruby Dee 19159:no award 19107:no award 19079:no award 18941:and the 18779:no award 18527:Category 18318:America 18284:Diaspora 18269:Virginia 18202:Oklahoma 18185:New York 18168:Nebraska 18131:Maryland 18114:Kentucky 18080:Illinois 18019:Arkansas 17924:Illinois 17862:of color 17548:Populism 17521:Movement 17438:Religion 16780:Lynching 16563:Timeline 15989:Movement 15419:Tom Kahn 14703:Activist 14123:timeline 13784:campaign 13778:Ron Paul 13702:campaign 13690:campaign 13673:campaign 13646:campaign 13611:campaign 13504:Bob Dole 13484:campaign 13079:Gus Hall 12995:campaign 12945:campaign 12853:campaign 12621:New seat 12572:New seat 12457:ABC News 12370:The Hill 12328:Archived 12297:Archived 12239:Archived 12201:(2000). 12010:The Hill 11876:. 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