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However, although the operation achieved hiring agreements with several major corporations, it faced challenges in monitoring whether these companies actually fulfilled their commitments. Internal conflicts and the burden of responsibility on
Jackson and the new leaders following King's assassination eventually led to the termination of Operation Breadbasket in December 1971.
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In 1967, Operation
Breadbasket was established as a national organization, with King appointing Jackson as its national director. Within a year, the organization had successfully carried out over 40 boycotts, leading to the employment of more than 8,000 African American workers by various companies.
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described the core principle of
Breadbasket as the belief that African Americans should not support businesses that denied them job opportunities, career advancement, or basic courtesy. To achieve their goals, the activists of Operation Breadbasket adopted a strategy called "selective patronage."
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They focused their initial campaign on dairy companies and supermarket chains. They organized pickets and encouraged boycotts of stores that carried products from the targeted companies, aiming to pressure them into improving their employment practices and support for the black community.
142:, Howard had successfully organized a boycott of service-stations that refused to provide restrooms for blacks. Jackson's application of these methods, however, had a seamier aspect including cronyism and strong-arming businesses to donate money to Operation Breadbasket.
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in
Philadelphia, a key goal of the organization was to foster "selective buying" (boycotts) as a means to pressure white businesses to hire blacks and purchase goods and services from black contractors. Sullivan's plan was not without its predecessors. One was Dr.
168:(People United to Save Humanity). The founding goals were similar to those of the Operation Breadbasket. Despite Jackson's departure, Operation Breadbasket continued for a brief time under Robinson's leadership.
153:, came to Chicago in 1969, to become full-time director of the Commercial Division of Operation Breadbasket. Robinson was Jesse Jackson's half-brother and sometime rival. Robinson would later be sentenced to
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and key financial contributor to
Operation Breadbasket. Before he moved from Mississippi to Chicago, Howard had developed a national reputation as a civil rights leader, surgeon, and entrepreneur.
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as musical director, performed benefits for Martin Luther King Jr. and
Operation/PUSH. Just moments before being assassinated, King had asked Branch to play a Negro spiritual, "
79:. Its primary objective was to promote the employment of African Americans by companies operating in black communities and support the growth of black-owned businesses. Dr.
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119:. He participated in SCLC's movement in Selma. When Jackson returned from Selma, he joined SCLC's effort to establish a beachhead in Chicago.
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In 1966, SCLC selected
Jackson to be head of the Chicago chapter of its Operation Breadbasket. Influenced by the example of Rev.
164:, King's successor as head of the SCLC. Jackson and his allies broke off from SCLC and formed the wholly independent Operation
196:, makes a specific mention of Branch in recognition of his work as leader of the Operation Breadbasket Orchestra and Choir.
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was an organization dedicated to improving the economic conditions of black communities across the
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Auburn Avenue
Research Library. Fred C. Bennette, first Operation Breadbasket executive director.
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Black
Maverick: T.R.M. Howard's Fight for Civil Rights and Economic Power
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Don't Deny My Name: Words and Music and the Black
Intellectual Tradition
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African-American civil rights organization active in the 1960s and 70s
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A key figure in the later history of Operation Breadbasket was
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Operation Breadbasket was founded as a department of the
253:(Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009), 208-09.
145:Noah Robinson Jr., who had just graduated from the
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160:In December 1971, Jackson had a falling-out with
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226:Historical Dictionary of the Kennedy-Johnson Era
213:Historical Dictionary of the Kennedy-Johnson Era
131:, a wealthy doctor and community leader on the
157:for murdering a rival known as Leroy Barber.
326:1962 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
211:Richard Dean Burns and Joseph M. Siracusa,
264:Shakedown: Exposing the Real Jesse Jackson
215:( Rowman & Littlefield, 2015) p. 273.
176:The Breadbasket Orchestra and Choir, with
100:(SCLC) in 1962, and was operated by Rev.
336:History of African-American civil rights
249:David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito,
98:Southern Christian Leadership Conference
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293:Thomas, Lorenzo (October 13, 2008).
140:Regional Council of Negro Leadership
331:Civil rights movement organizations
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341:Organizations established in 1962
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149:of Finance and Commerce of the
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46:Improving economic conditions
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182:Precious Lord, Take My Hand
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309:– via Google Books.
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276:"The Learning Network"
81:Martin Luther King Jr.
239:Operation Breadbasket
69:Operation Breadbasket
20:Operation Breadbasket
224:Burns and Siracusa,
262:Kenneth Timmerman,
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320:Categories
178:Ben Branch
133:South Side
228:p. 273.
51:Location
106:Atlanta
92:History
43:Purpose
33:Founder
25:Founded
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200:Notes
301:ISBN
166:PUSH
28:1962
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