202:
155:
168:
142:
5396:
189:
130:
897:
884:, who was recalled from East Africa. An armoured brigade group of the 2nd Armoured Division had been used to provide forces for the Greek campaign and the rest of the division in Cyrenaica had lost most of its tanks to mechanical breakdowns and fuel shortage. Several Axis attempts to seize Tobruk failed and a front line was formed on the Egyptian border. In April 1941, the plans for the deployment of Layforce were changed; their first operation would be a raid on
43:
978:
The main landing force, running late, were landed on the wrong beaches. The landings were unopposed and the commandos made their way inland to destroy their objectives. Bardia was found to be empty of
Italian or German forces and faulty intelligence resulted in some objectives being missed, as they
956:. Off Bardia, one LCA could not be lowered and there were difficulties releasing the others. When they did get going and approached the beaches, they were expecting to see lights to guide them in, which were to have been set up by the Folbot section but the Folbot section had been delayed
983:
before returning to their LCAs to re-embark. The raid would have passed without loss to the commandos but for the death of a commando officer by friendly fire from an over-alert commando and the capture of 70 men who, after getting lost, ended up on the wrong evacuation beach and became
908:
The Bardia raid was planned for the night of 19/20 April for A Battalion, Layforce to disrupt Axis lines of communication and inflict as much damage as possible to installations and equipment. The plan called for the simultaneous landing of A Battalion and a troop of tanks from the
1041:
in
November 1941, that the Germans "sent a strong detachment of tanks and armoured cars to repel the imagined invasion". In his diary published in 1976, a very different picture emerged of incompetence by the commandos, against virtually no opposition.
1006:
and kept it for some time guarding rear areas. Layforce was less fortunate, being used as normal infantry, a role for which it was neither equipped nor trained. As one of the few reserve forces available, it was sent to take part in the
1001:
Despite the limited results and seventy casualties, the raid on Bardia had considerable strategic effect. The
Germans diverted the greater part of an armoured brigade from Sollum, where it was beginning to exert heavy pressure on the
702:
and a supply dump. It was deemed a success despite the loss of 71 men. The more lasting strategic effect of the raid was the diversion of a German armoured brigade from the front line to provide rear area security.
1416:
1409:
5467:
3967:
3712:
3320:
5318:
3336:
3656:
3259:
3231:
2375:
1425:
1402:
5452:
5297:
3976:
3663:
2797:
4279:
3642:
2951:
2576:
3292:
3238:
2424:
310:
3749:
3245:
2861:
2271:
1061:
1051:
3635:
3082:
2958:
1056:
2935:
2315:
1295:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. II (facs. repr. Naval & Military Press, Uckfield ed.). HMSO.
3372:
2684:
772:
that a large force of commandos had arrived in the theatre, 7, 8, 11 and 50/52 Commandos were camouflaged as A, B, C and D Battalions
Layforce.
5457:
3191:
2493:
5190:
979:
were not where they were supposed to be or they did not exist. The commandos managed to destroy an
Italian supply dump and an Italian coastal
3983:
3946:
3923:
3444:
2366:
2336:
3698:
5442:
4076:
3932:
3916:
3888:
3136:
2343:
4833:
3900:
3812:
3756:
3719:
3001:
2125:
3805:
2537:
620:
5311:
3939:
2329:
2287:
797:
was a big
British and Commonwealth victory against the Italian troops in Egypt and Cyrenaica, the eastern province of Libya. General
5160:
2979:
2753:
2516:
2382:
2193:
843:
303:
4055:
3852:
2889:
2389:
2301:
2237:
4258:
3770:
2620:
2158:
877:
849:
4854:
4759:
4286:
4032:
3907:
2993:
2967:
2824:
2530:
2447:
1326:
872:, the new commander of XIII Corps (re-named HQ Cyrenaica Command after the transfers to Greece), O'Connor, and Major-General
471:
461:
5087:
4494:
4380:
3545:
3012:
3008:
2986:
2590:
5002:
4466:
3798:
3784:
2997:
1703:
296:
5211:
5080:
4958:
4536:
4251:
4202:
3960:
3515:
2767:
2606:
2454:
2308:
1843:
1011:; fighting as the rearguard they lost 600 men before being evacuated. C Battalion was not sent to Crete but instead to
5327:
4209:
4181:
3998:
3580:
3299:
3266:
1710:
1300:
1278:
1259:
1229:
798:
2482:
5364:
4522:
4459:
3594:
3430:
2553:
1654:
1457:
3107:
4888:
4729:
4718:
4554:
4313:
4272:
4165:
4103:
3490:
2760:
2629:
2597:
78:
3277:
2845:
860:
on 24 March, exploited the success and by 15 April had pushed the
British back to the Libyan–Egyptian border at
5274:
5246:
5124:
4917:
4154:
3605:
3531:
3327:
2698:
2417:
2322:
2207:
1983:
5334:
5267:
5218:
5149:
4974:
4480:
4431:
4195:
4188:
3791:
3552:
3343:
2396:
2060:
519:
5408:
5304:
4679:
4640:
3559:
3394:
3379:
3306:
3285:
3103:
2781:
2567:
2560:
2544:
2255:
2214:
2186:
2105:
1850:
5371:
4695:
4647:
4265:
4237:
4090:
3705:
3684:
3205:
2868:
2774:
2264:
802:
561:
5462:
5437:
5169:
4665:
4584:
4529:
4417:
4373:
4023:
3649:
3573:
3475:
3352:
3224:
3217:
3177:
3150:
2882:
2815:
2410:
2221:
2151:
1621:
1016:
745:
514:
5071:
4988:
4773:
4633:
4605:
4438:
4343:
4133:
3566:
2640:
2294:
1829:
375:
337:
2838:
5447:
4810:
4787:
4039:
3840:
3833:
3497:
3157:
3129:
3122:
2509:
635:
580:
2854:
2831:
5232:
5176:
5046:
4906:
4591:
4244:
4140:
4046:
3614:
3482:
3452:
3416:
3401:
3273:
3165:
3143:
3089:
3075:
3057:
2721:
2502:
2230:
2179:
1927:
1394:
760:
section. On their arrival in Egypt in March 1941, the force was strengthened by the amalgamated
741:
526:
320:
1023:
battalions meant that
Layforce was left in an ineffective state and was disbanded in July 1941.
4924:
4817:
4619:
4570:
4473:
4366:
4336:
4119:
4007:
3733:
3524:
3115:
3096:
3066:
2613:
2583:
1647:
856:
In the first Italo-German offensive, the Axis force raided and quickly defeated the
British at
698:; the raiders were supported by five navy ships and a submarine. The raid destroyed an Italian
509:
502:
354:
5415:
5138:
4981:
4877:
4847:
4803:
4543:
4508:
4501:
4424:
4322:
3763:
3740:
3587:
3198:
2735:
2475:
2461:
2144:
2086:
1864:
1506:
925:
914:
881:
873:
788:
647:
600:
402:
3033:
5239:
5094:
4745:
4702:
4672:
4598:
4408:
4387:
3313:
2790:
2468:
2032:
1997:
1836:
1787:
1450:
1436:
1003:
587:
497:
8:
5357:
5131:
5009:
4965:
4487:
3621:
3387:
2914:
2744:
2728:
2677:
2072:
2046:
2004:
1955:
1941:
1878:
1871:
1717:
1626:
1590:
1576:
1513:
1443:
951:
910:
806:
695:
531:
466:
440:
385:
254:
222:
5350:
5183:
5108:
5062:
5032:
4940:
4780:
4445:
4329:
4223:
4174:
4112:
3868:
3819:
3628:
3252:
2907:
2705:
2079:
1948:
1913:
1857:
1822:
1780:
1773:
1759:
1745:
1689:
1661:
1640:
1633:
1614:
1602:
1527:
1471:
1218:
945:
928:
605:
573:
447:
433:
247:
233:
193:
1291:; Flynn, F. C.; Molony, C. J. C. & Toomer, S. E. (2004) . Butler, J. R. M. (ed.).
841:. When Rommel arrived in North Africa along with six Italian divisions, including the
5341:
5225:
5115:
5055:
5016:
4949:
4931:
4897:
4840:
4794:
4738:
4563:
4301:
4293:
4230:
4083:
3677:
3209:
2670:
2649:
2359:
2120:
2100:
2093:
2065:
2053:
2039:
1934:
1885:
1808:
1801:
1766:
1738:
1668:
1607:
1569:
1520:
1499:
1492:
1464:
1384:
1365:
1341:
1322:
1310:
1296:
1288:
1274:
1255:
1225:
980:
965:
938:
794:
699:
679:
566:
545:
485:
454:
426:
419:
395:
380:
349:
342:
261:
240:
1293:
The
Mediterranean and Middle East: The Germans come to the help of their Ally (1941)
5260:
5253:
5197:
4861:
4626:
4612:
4515:
4452:
4403:
4216:
4069:
4016:
3826:
3777:
3691:
2921:
2898:
2431:
2011:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1920:
1906:
1794:
1682:
1583:
1562:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1534:
1478:
985:
833:
to North Africa as reinforcements for the Italians, to prevent their collapse. The
818:
814:
683:
552:
538:
492:
390:
370:
34:
2440:
5283:
4995:
4910:
4868:
4766:
4709:
4577:
4359:
4350:
3879:
3461:
3437:
2691:
2025:
2018:
1990:
1752:
1731:
1724:
1696:
1675:
1485:
1389:
1358:
1008:
865:
765:
761:
409:
30:
5395:
880:, were captured. The Western Desert Force HQ took over under Lieutenant-General
5290:
4826:
4752:
2804:
2663:
1815:
1353:
753:
737:
733:
722:
687:
218:
188:
135:
5431:
5101:
3026:
2875:
2714:
1899:
1345:
1037:
961:
726:
615:
173:
93:
80:
5400:
5204:
3504:
3409:
3040:
2403:
2167:
1369:
1032:
1020:
918:
869:
838:
830:
822:
675:
625:
610:
226:
206:
201:
160:
837:
had fresh troops, better equipment and tanks and a charismatic commander,
288:
5039:
5025:
4687:
3363:
3184:
3169:
2523:
1892:
1597:
769:
640:
1019:. The steady drain of manpower without the replacement system of normal
42:
4394:
4147:
4126:
3019:
2352:
2280:
857:
630:
4657:
4062:
3859:
3670:
3468:
3423:
972:
935:
147:
72:
2944:
1169:
1121:
2928:
2656:
712:
691:
1424:
1012:
730:
1145:
1035:, who took part in the raid, related in an article he wrote for
3538:
2136:
896:
885:
861:
810:
757:
671:
68:
1239:
Carey, John. "Reportage, Literature and Willed Credulity". In
16:
Amphibious landing in North Africa during the Second World War
3726:
917:(LCA). The landing force would be transported to the area by
749:
1318:
721:
force of 2,000 commandos, known as Layforce, was sent from
1181:
1315:
Combined Operations: The Official Story of the Commandos
1073:
975:
transporting them, to submerge and take evasive action.
2798:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1193:
1157:
1133:
1085:
1309:
1175:
1151:
1109:
1097:
5468:Amphibious operations involving the United Kingdom
1357:
1217:
1062:List of Italian military equipment in World War II
1052:List of British military equipment of World War II
1057:List of German military equipment of World War II
670:was an amphibious landing at the coastal town of
5429:
1216:Aitchison, Jean; Lewis, Diana M., eds. (2003).
1015:, where they lost over 120 men fighting in the
1426:British Commando raids of the Second World War
1240:
1215:
853:, his orders were to remain on the defensive.
829:(Operation Sunflower), the dispatchof the new
825:responded to the Italian disaster by ordering
682:over the night of 19/20 April 1941 during the
5453:Military history of Italy during World War II
2152:
1410:
304:
694:, together with a small detachment from the
645:
2126:List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall
318:
2159:
2145:
1417:
1403:
780:
725:to take part in raiding operations in the
311:
297:
1250:Bauer, Eddy (2000) . Young, Peter (ed.).
1335:
1287:
1268:
1187:
1163:
1139:
1127:
1091:
1079:
895:
164:
5430:
4006:
3984:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
1352:
1103:
5458:Amphibious operations of World War II
4855:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
4287:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
3933:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
3889:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
2994:Rape during the occupation of Germany
2140:
1398:
1338:The Green Beret: The Commandos at War
1336:Saunders, Hilary St. George (1959) .
1249:
1238:
1199:
1115:
292:
3977:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
3009:Rape during the liberation of France
1273:. Elite. London: Osprey Publishing.
1254:(2nd rev. ed.). London: Orbis.
5443:World War II British Commando raids
13:
4203:German invasion of the Netherlands
2483:Weather events during World War II
47:British commandos in landing craft
14:
5479:
4834:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
1378:
1360:Tobruk 1941: Capture-Siege-Relief
5394:
2166:
1026:
200:
187:
166:
153:
140:
128:
41:
1372:– via Archive Foundation.
1364:. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
1317:(Read Books ed.). London:
1176:Saunders & Mountbatten 2007
1152:Saunders & Mountbatten 2007
5081:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945
2791:Territorial changes of Germany
2699:Indonesian National Revolution
1313:; Mountbatten, Louis (2007) .
686:. The raid was carried out by
1:
4481:Japanese invasion of Thailand
4432:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
4196:German invasion of Luxembourg
2577:Mediterranean and Middle East
1208:
1130:, pp. 15–43, 2, 153–159.
706:
281:1 artillery battery destroyed
4388:Invasion of the Soviet Union
4077:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
3395:Independent State of Croatia
1241:Aitchison & Lewis (2003)
1067:
991:
690:, also known as A Battalion
7:
5372:End of World War II in Asia
5212:Western invasion of Germany
4719:Chinese famine of 1942–1943
4696:Second Battle of El Alamein
4266:Hundred Regiments Offensive
4238:Battle of the Mediterranean
4091:Italian invasion of Albania
2265:Air warfare of World War II
1311:Saunders, Hilary St. George
1252:The History of World War II
1045:
996:
10:
5484:
5298:Naval bombardment of Japan
4666:First Battle of El Alamein
4585:Battle of Christmas Island
4530:Japanese invasion of Burma
4294:Italian invasion of Greece
4210:German invasion of Belgium
4182:German invasion of Denmark
4155:1939–1940 Winter Offensive
4024:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
2288:Comparative military ranks
1017:battle of the Litani River
904:, an infantry assault ship
786:
775:
746:No. 11 (Scottish) Commando
710:
5387:
5219:Bratislava–Brno offensive
5159:
5150:Dutch famine of 1944–1945
4887:
4774:Allied invasion of Sicily
4728:
4634:Aleutian Islands campaign
4606:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
4553:
4544:Greek famine of 1941–1944
4439:Second Battle of Changsha
4344:German invasion of Greece
4312:
4189:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang
4164:
4102:
3997:
3878:
3604:
3514:
3362:
3065:
3056:
2814:
2639:
2531:North and Central Pacific
2492:
2254:
2247:
2174:
2116:
1432:
330:
270:
217:
212:
180:
121:
51:
40:
28:
23:
4811:Allied invasion of Italy
4788:Solomon Islands campaign
4537:Third Battle of Changsha
4134:First Battle of Changsha
4040:Second Sino-Japanese War
2980:German military brothels
2846:United States war crimes
1340:. London: Landsborough.
1271:Army Commandos 1940–1945
801:ordered a large part of
636:3rd Indian Motor Brigade
322:Western Desert Campaign
5233:Second Guangxi campaign
5088:Philippines (1944–1945)
4592:Battle of the Coral Sea
4495:Fall of the Philippines
4141:Battle of South Guangxi
4047:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
3453:Italian Social Republic
1269:Chappell, Mike (1996).
891:
827:Unternehmen Sonnenblume
782:Unternehmen Sonnenblume
768:. To disguise from the
742:No. 8 (Guards) Commando
729:. Under the command of
283:1 supply dump destroyed
4818:Armistice of Cassibile
4620:Battle of Dutch Harbor
4571:Battle of the Java Sea
4474:Attack on Pearl Harbor
4374:Syria–Lebanon campaign
4367:Battle of South Shanxi
4337:Invasion of Yugoslavia
4120:Battle of the Atlantic
3734:Korean Liberation Army
3447:(until September 1943)
3404:(until September 1944)
3382:(until September 1944)
905:
736:, the force comprised
646:
181:Commanders and leaders
4982:Second Battle of Guam
4878:Bengal famine of 1943
4848:Second Battle of Kiev
4804:Battle of the Dnieper
4509:Battle of Wake Island
4381:East African campaign
4323:Battle of South Henan
3968:atrocities by Germans
3741:Korean Volunteer Army
2722:Occupation of Germany
2476:Music in World War II
926:anti-aircraft cruiser
915:Landing Craft Assault
899:
882:Noel Beresford-Peirse
878:2nd Armoured Division
874:Michael Gambier-Parry
868:. Lieutenant-General
789:Operation Sonnenblume
648:Sonderkommando Blaich
271:Casualties and losses
5268:Surrender of Germany
4746:Battle of West Hubei
4703:Guadalcanal campaign
4673:Battle of Stalingrad
4599:Battle of Madagascar
3373:Albania protectorate
3160:(formerly Swaziland)
2869:Wehrmacht war crimes
2685:Expulsion of Germans
2469:Art and World War II
2367:British contribution
2316:Governments in exile
1004:Western Desert Force
805:(Lieutenant-General
717:In January 1941, an
219:A Battalion Layforce
5358:Potsdam Declaration
5247:Italy (Spring 1945)
5010:Liberation of Paris
4467:Siege of Sevastopol
3485:(until August 1944)
3388:Wang Jingwei regime
3210:from September 1943
3170:from September 1944
3108:from September 1944
2968:Romanian war crimes
2959:Persecution of Jews
2945:Croatian war crimes
2915:Japanese war crimes
2729:Occupation of Japan
2678:First Indochina War
2390:Military production
2302:Declarations of war
1385:BARDIA NORTH AFRICA
913:on four beaches by
911:Royal Tank Regiment
876:, commander of the
696:Royal Tank Regiment
595:Associated articles
90: /
5351:Surrender of Japan
5184:Battle of Iwo Jima
5033:Belgrade offensive
4446:Siege of Leningrad
4330:Battle of Shanggao
4259:British Somaliland
4224:Dunkirk evacuation
4175:Norwegian campaign
4113:Invasion of Poland
3940:Japanese prisoners
2908:Italian war crimes
2839:British war crimes
2754:Soviet occupations
2538:South-West Pacific
2425:Allied cooperation
2383:Military equipment
1220:New Media Language
1178:, pp. 35, 39.
924:, escorted by the
906:
194:Lieutenant Colonel
5463:April 1941 events
5438:Conflicts in 1941
5425:
5424:
5383:
5382:
5226:Battle of Okinawa
5125:Burma (1944–1945)
4959:Mariana and Palau
4739:Tunisian campaign
4564:Fall of Singapore
4488:Fall of Hong Kong
4231:Battle of Britain
4084:Operation Himmler
3993:
3992:
3657:Dutch East Indies
3300:Southern Rhodesia
3052:
3051:
2952:Genocide of Serbs
2855:German war crimes
2832:Soviet war crimes
2825:Allied war crimes
2671:Division of Korea
2650:Chinese Civil War
2448:Strategic bombing
2360:Manhattan Project
2134:
2133:
2121:British Commandos
1328:978-1-4067-5957-0
1202:, pp. 62–63.
1190:, pp. 16–17.
1082:, pp. 15–20.
981:artillery battery
795:Operation Compass
700:artillery battery
680:British Commandos
658:
657:
338:Invasion of Egypt
287:
286:
117:
116:
94:31.767°N 25.100°E
5475:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5401:World portal
5399:
5398:
5374:
5367:
5360:
5353:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5277:
5270:
5263:
5261:Prague offensive
5256:
5254:Battle of Berlin
5249:
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5198:Vienna offensive
5193:
5186:
5179:
5177:Battle of Manila
5172:
5152:
5143:
5134:
5127:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5083:
5076:
5067:
5058:
5051:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4977:
4970:
4961:
4954:
4945:
4936:
4927:
4920:
4918:Korsun–Cherkassy
4913:
4902:
4880:
4871:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4760:Bombing of Gorky
4755:
4748:
4741:
4721:
4714:
4705:
4698:
4691:
4682:
4675:
4668:
4661:
4650:
4643:
4636:
4629:
4627:Battle of Midway
4622:
4615:
4613:Battle of Gazala
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4523:Battle of Borneo
4518:
4516:Malayan campaign
4511:
4504:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4460:Bombing of Gorky
4455:
4453:Battle of Moscow
4448:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4305:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4217:Battle of France
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4070:Munich Agreement
4065:
4058:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4026:
4019:
4004:
4003:
3986:
3979:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3955:Soviet prisoners
3949:
3942:
3935:
3926:
3919:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3895:German prisoners
3891:
3871:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3486:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3455:
3448:
3440:
3433:
3431:French Indochina
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3375:
3355:
3346:
3339:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3278:from August 1944
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3161:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3063:
3062:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3004:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2970:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2922:Nanjing Massacre
2917:
2910:
2901:
2899:Nuremberg trials
2892:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2740:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2632:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2503:Asia and Pacific
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2434:
2432:Mulberry harbour
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2274:
2267:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2233:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2138:
2137:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1373:
1363:
1349:
1332:
1306:
1284:
1265:
1244:
1235:
1223:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
986:prisoners of war
819:Battle of Greece
815:Operation Lustre
807:Richard O'Connor
799:Archibald Wavell
684:Second World War
651:
325:
323:
313:
306:
299:
290:
289:
205:
204:
192:
191:
176:
172:
170:
169:
159:
157:
156:
146:
144:
143:
134:
132:
131:
105:
104:
102:
101:
100:
95:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
59:19/20 April 1941
53:
52:
45:
35:Second World War
21:
20:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5474:
5473:
5472:
5448:Siege of Tobruk
5428:
5427:
5426:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5393:
5391:
5379:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5340:
5333:
5326:
5317:
5312:Atomic bombings
5310:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5273:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5238:
5231:
5224:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5175:
5168:
5155:
5148:
5137:
5130:
5123:
5114:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5070:
5061:
5054:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5015:
5008:
5003:Eastern Romania
5001:
4996:Warsaw Uprising
4994:
4989:Tannenberg Line
4987:
4980:
4975:Western Ukraine
4973:
4964:
4957:
4948:
4939:
4930:
4923:
4916:
4905:
4896:
4883:
4876:
4867:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4767:Battle of Kursk
4765:
4758:
4751:
4744:
4737:
4724:
4717:
4708:
4701:
4694:
4685:
4678:
4671:
4664:
4655:
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4590:
4583:
4578:St Nazaire Raid
4576:
4569:
4562:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4493:
4486:
4479:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4402:
4393:
4386:
4379:
4372:
4365:
4360:Anglo-Iraqi War
4358:
4351:Battle of Crete
4349:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4308:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4280:Eastern Romania
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4098:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4022:
4015:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3966:
3959:
3954:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3922:
3915:
3906:
3899:
3894:
3887:
3874:
3867:
3858:
3851:
3846:
3841:Western Ukraine
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3785:Northeast China
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3544:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3510:
3503:
3496:
3491:Slovak Republic
3489:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3462:Empire of Japan
3460:
3451:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3371:
3358:
3351:
3342:
3335:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3164:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3048:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3018:
3007:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2974:Sexual violence
2973:
2966:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2897:
2888:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2704:
2697:
2692:Greek Civil War
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2517:South-East Asia
2515:
2508:
2501:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2376:Military awards
2374:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2270:
2263:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2201:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2135:
2130:
2112:
1428:
1423:
1381:
1376:
1354:Wilmot, Chester
1329:
1303:
1281:
1262:
1232:
1211:
1206:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1170:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1048:
1029:
1009:Battle of Crete
999:
994:
894:
866:besieged Tobruk
793:In early 1941,
791:
785:
778:
766:No. 52 Commando
762:No. 50 Commando
715:
709:
661:
660:
659:
654:
606:Devil's gardens
592:
472:2nd Bir el Gubi
462:1st Bir el Gubi
326:
321:
319:
317:
282:
277:
260:
253:
246:
239:
232:
225:
221:
199:
186:
167:
165:
163:
154:
152:
141:
139:
138:
129:
127:
98:
96:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
77:
76:
75:
46:
31:Siege of Tobruk
17:
12:
11:
5:
5481:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5368:
5361:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5331:
5328:South Sakhalin
5324:
5323:
5322:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5264:
5257:
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:
5165:
5163:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5128:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5068:
5059:
5052:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5013:
5006:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4978:
4971:
4962:
4955:
4946:
4937:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4903:
4893:
4891:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4881:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4865:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4807:
4800:
4791:
4784:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4753:Battle of Attu
4749:
4742:
4734:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4715:
4706:
4699:
4692:
4683:
4676:
4669:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4651:
4644:
4630:
4623:
4616:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4567:
4559:
4557:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4505:
4502:Battle of Guam
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4463:
4456:
4449:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4425:Battle of Kiev
4421:
4414:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4170:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4108:
4106:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4043:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4012:
4010:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3964:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3936:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3924:United Kingdom
3920:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3892:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3856:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3737:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3618:
3610:
3608:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3520:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3348:
3347:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3328:British Empire
3321:United Kingdom
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3162:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3137:Czechoslovakia
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3069:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3034:Rape of Manila
3030:
3023:
3016:
3005:
2990:
2983:
2971:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2911:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2872:
2865:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2820:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2805:United Nations
2801:
2794:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2750:
2741:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2664:Decolonization
2660:
2653:
2645:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2498:
2496:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2414:
2407:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2356:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2337:United Kingdom
2333:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2211:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2183:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2163:
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738:No. 7 Commando
734:Robert Laycock
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2876:The Holocaust
2873:
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2862:forced labour
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2715:Marshall Plan
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2397:Naval history
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1289:Playfair, Ian
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1261:1-85605-552-3
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1231:0-415-28303-5
1227:
1224:. Routledge.
1222:
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1189:
1188:Chappell 1996
1184:
1177:
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1166:, p. 16.
1165:
1164:Chappell 1996
1160:
1154:, p. 53.
1153:
1148:
1142:, p. 15.
1141:
1140:Chappell 1996
1136:
1129:
1128:Playfair 2004
1124:
1117:
1112:
1106:, p. 65.
1105:
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1094:, p. 52.
1093:
1092:Saunders 1959
1088:
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1080:Chappell 1996
1076:
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1063:
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1038:Life Magazine
1034:
1027:Commemoration
1024:
1022:
1018:
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962:friendly fire
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727:Mediterranean
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616:Maletti Group
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601:Frontier Wire
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33:, during the
32:
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5409:Bibliography
5392:
5205:Project Hula
5170:Vistula–Oder
5139:
5072:
5063:
5047:
5017:
4966:
4950:
4941:
4932:
4898:
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4686:
4656:
4407:
4300:
4245:North Africa
3947:Soviet Union
3901:Soviet Union
3827:Soviet Union
3595:Vatican City
3505:Vichy France
3410:German Reich
3307:Soviet Union
3293:South Africa
3286:Sierra Leone
3239:Newfoundland
3058:Participants
3041:Marocchinate
2745:
2736:
2706:
2584:North Africa
2545:Indian Ocean
2404:Nazi plunder
2295:Cryptography
2168:World War II
2106:
2101:Twin Pimples
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2061:Sidi Haneish
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
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1907:
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1655:
1649:Cold Comfort
1648:
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1622:Litani River
1615:
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1033:Evelyn Waugh
1030:
1021:British Army
1000:
977:
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930:
920:
907:
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870:Philip Neame
855:
848:
842:
839:Erwin Rommel
835:Afrika Korps
834:
831:Afrika Korps
826:
823:Adolf Hitler
792:
781:
718:
716:
676:North Africa
667:
664:
662:
626:Babini Group
611:Fort Capuzzo
594:
593:
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567:
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546:
539:
532:
520:Sidi Haneish
510:Mersa Matruh
486:
479:
478:
455:
448:
441:
434:
427:
420:Twin Pimples
414:
410:Tobruk siege
403:
362:
361:
355:Sidi Barrani
343:
332:
263:
256:
249:
242:
235:
228:
207:Erwin Rommel
122:Belligerents
29:Part of the
5140:Bodenplatte
5026:Gothic Line
4252:West Africa
3799:Philippines
3778:Netherlands
3643:Czech lands
3581:Switzerland
3525:Afghanistan
3476:Philippines
3344:Puerto Rico
3260:Philippines
3246:New Zealand
3232:Netherlands
3185:Free France
2936:Prosecution
2737:Osoaviakhim
2607:West Africa
2591:East Africa
2238:Conferences
2088:Thistledown
1866:Houndsworth
1508:Abercrombie
1390:Bardia Raid
1104:Wilmot 1944
1031:The author
813:as part of
770:Axis powers
641:Baggush Box
562:2nd Alamein
515:1st Alamein
503:Tobruk 1942
404:Sonnenblume
376:Tobruk 1941
278:70 captured
97: /
5432:Categories
5240:West Hunan
5073:Pointblank
4409:Silver Fox
4395:Summer War
4148:Winter War
4127:Phoney War
3908:Azerbaijan
3869:Yugoslavia
3764:Luxembourg
3606:Resistance
3353:Yugoslavia
3218:Luxembourg
3020:Sook Ching
2816:War crimes
2418:Technology
2411:Opposition
2353:Lend-Lease
2330:Australian
2323:Home front
2281:Blitzkrieg
2231:Casualties
2222:Commanders
2194:Operations
2034:Roundabout
1999:Postmaster
1838:Gunnerside
1789:Fahrenheit
1452:Ambassador
1438:Abstention
1209:References
1200:Carey 2003
1116:Bauer 2000
939:HMAS
936:destroyers
858:El Agheila
803:XIII Corps
707:Background
631:Combeforce
621:Camouflage
588:El Agheila
527:Alam Halfa
498:Bir Hakeim
415:2nd Bardia
371:1st Bardia
255:HMAS
248:HMAS
241:HMAS
5305:Manchuria
5191:Indochina
4967:Bagration
4418:Lithuania
4063:Anschluss
3860:Viet Minh
3757:Lithuania
3699:Hong Kong
3469:Manchukuo
3424:Azad Hind
3083:Australia
2883:Aftermath
2746:Paperclip
2641:Aftermath
2441:Total war
2309:Diplomacy
2272:In Europe
2074:Speedwell
2048:Saxifrage
2006:Partridge
1957:Narcissus
1943:Musketoon
1880:Infatuate
1873:Huckaback
1719:Driftwood
1705:Checkmate
1628:Candytuft
1592:Barricade
1578:Bulbasket
1515:Acid Drop
1445:Agreement
1346:878525272
1068:Footnotes
992:Aftermath
973:submarine
966:HMS
929:HMS
919:HMS
533:Agreement
467:Point 175
442:Battleaxe
386:Beda Fomm
262:HMS
234:HMS
227:HMS
223:RTR Troop
148:Australia
73:Cyrenaica
5416:Category
5365:document
5275:document
5132:Ardennes
5116:Budapest
5064:Crossbow
4942:Overlord
4781:Smolensk
3999:Timeline
3834:Slovakia
3820:Thailand
3671:Ethiopia
3636:Bulgaria
3560:Portugal
3498:Thailand
3380:Bulgaria
3158:Eswatini
3151:Ethiopia
3104:Bulgaria
2929:Unit 731
2890:Response
2707:Keelhaul
2657:Cold War
2630:Americas
2621:timeline
2614:Atlantic
2494:Theaters
2081:Tarbrush
1950:Myrmidon
1915:Keystone
1859:Hawthorn
1845:Hardtack
1824:Gauntlet
1782:Freshman
1775:Frankton
1761:Exporter
1747:Deep Cut
1691:Crackers
1663:Colossus
1642:Claymore
1635:Chestnut
1616:Branford
1603:Hill 170
1529:Astrakan
1473:Aquatint
1356:(1944).
1046:See also
997:Analysis
958:en route
953:Waterhen
934:and the
931:Coventry
921:Glengyle
902:Glengyle
756:and the
713:Layforce
692:Layforce
575:Braganza
449:Crusader
435:Skorpion
396:Giarabub
276:1 killed
257:Waterhen
236:Coventry
229:Glengyle
213:Strength
64:Location
5342:Shumshu
5109:Hungary
5056:Estonia
5040:Lapland
5018:Dragoon
4951:Neptune
4933:Ichi-Go
4899:Tempest
4841:Changde
4796:Cottage
4688:Jubilee
4404:Finland
4302:Compass
4008:Prelude
3961:Finland
3847:Vietnam
3813:Romania
3685:Germany
3664:Estonia
3650:Denmark
3629:Belgium
3622:Austria
3615:Albania
3546:Ireland
3532:Andorra
3516:Neutral
3483:Romania
3417:Hungary
3402:Finland
3274:Romania
3166:Finland
3144:Denmark
3090:Belgium
3076:Algeria
2782:Romania
2768:Hungary
2524:Pacific
2248:General
2202:Leaders
2187:Battles
2180:Outline
2107:Wallace
2095:Tombola
2067:Sunstar
2055:Savanna
2041:Rumford
1992:Opossum
1936:Manacle
1894:Jubilee
1887:Jaywick
1810:Foxrock
1803:Farrier
1768:Flipper
1740:Dunhill
1712:Chopper
1677:Chariot
1670:Cartoon
1609:Bristle
1571:Begonia
1522:Albumen
1501:Archway
1494:Amherst
1466:Archery
1370:3468669
1013:Lebanon
968:Triumph
964:caused
947:Voyager
817:in the
776:Prelude
731:Colonel
665:Raid on
568:Bertram
547:Caravan
487:Acrobat
456:Flipper
428:Brevity
381:Mechili
350:Nibeiwa
344:Compass
264:Triumph
250:Voyager
161:Germany
85:25°06′E
82:31°46′N
5319:Debate
5291:Taipei
5284:Borneo
4862:Tarawa
4056:Europe
4017:Africa
3806:Poland
3792:Norway
3771:Malaya
3750:Latvia
3692:Greece
3678:France
3574:Sweden
3539:Bhutan
3267:Poland
3253:Norway
3225:Mexico
3192:Greece
3178:France
3116:Canada
3097:Brazil
3067:Allies
3013:Serbia
3002:Poland
2775:Poland
2761:Baltic
2554:Europe
2256:Topics
2208:Allied
2013:Pistol
1978:Nicety
1971:Newton
1964:Nelson
1922:Loyton
1908:Kitbag
1831:Grouse
1796:Forfar
1684:Canuck
1656:Collar
1598:Bardia
1585:Brandy
1564:Batman
1557:Bigamy
1550:Biting
1543:Basalt
1536:Baobab
1480:Aflame
1459:Anklet
1368:
1344:
1325:
1299:
1277:
1258:
1228:
971:, the
941:Stuart
886:Bardia
862:Sollum
850:Ariete
844:Trento
811:Greece
758:Folbot
719:ad hoc
672:Bardia
668:Bardia
554:Nicety
540:Bigamy
493:Gazala
243:Stuart
196:Colvin
171:
158:
145:
133:
110:Result
69:Bardia
5095:Leyte
4925:Narva
4911:Anzio
4869:Makin
4827:Burma
4711:Torch
4680:Rzhev
4641:Kiska
3727:Korea
3713:Japan
3706:Italy
3588:Tibet
3567:Spain
3445:Italy
3206:Italy
3199:India
3123:China
2998:Japan
2598:Italy
2510:China
2462:Women
2027:Roast
2020:Rimau
1929:Maple
1852:Hardy
1754:Devon
1733:Defoe
1726:Dryad
1698:Chess
1487:Anglo
960:when
809:) to
752:from
750:troop
391:Kufra
174:Italy
5161:1945
4889:1944
4730:1943
4658:Blue
4648:Attu
4555:1942
4314:1941
4166:1940
4104:1939
4033:Asia
3880:POWs
3720:Jews
3438:Iraq
3364:Axis
3314:Tuva
3130:Cuba
2215:Axis
1985:Noah
1817:Gaff
1366:OCLC
1342:OCLC
1323:ISBN
1319:HMSO
1297:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1226:ISBN
950:and
900:HMS
892:Raid
864:and
847:and
764:and
748:, a
663:The
480:1942
363:1941
333:1940
56:Date
1901:J V
678:by
674:in
5434::
4909:/
1321:.
988:.
944:,
888:.
821:.
744:,
740:,
71:,
4412:)
4406:(
3280:)
3276:(
3212:)
3208:(
3172:)
3168:(
3110:)
3106:(
2160:e
2153:t
2146:v
1418:e
1411:t
1404:v
1348:.
1331:.
1305:.
1283:.
1264:.
1243:.
1234:.
312:e
305:t
298:v
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